Secrets of competent oral and written speech. Oral and written speech

How to learn to speak beautifully

Brevity, clarity, literacy - the foundations of correct and beautiful speech

People have forgotten how to speak correctly and beautifully (for a number of reasons, starting with the general decline of culture in the 90s of the last century). This needs to be learned again. At a minimum, because such speech not only characterizes a person positively, but also helps him communicate with other people and achieve success in work and personal life. Imagine this situation. You are communicating with a person who uses vulgar, slang words. Would you like to continue the conversation with him? Of course not.

Not all people are gifted with oratory skills. However, with desire and diligence, almost every person can learn to speak beautifully and correctly. Moreover, the Russian language is extremely rich. It makes it possible to describe any object, characterize any person, express an attitude towards a particular event, natural phenomenon, work of art, etc. with utmost clarity and imagery. With the help of its features, you can emphasize the slightest nuances, highlight this or that detail, character trait. In this regard, few languages ​​can compare with Russian.

It is not necessary for such a description or expression to be verbose. After all, a speech that is too long, even beautiful and figurative, tires listeners, and sometimes can cause irritation. As a result, the expected effect from the spoken words will not be achieved.

Therefore, it should be remembered that one of the main requirements for correct and beautiful speech is brevity. We must quickly move on to main point question, without delaying the introduction, without being distracted by extraneous details. Then they will listen to you carefully, and your arguments will have the desired effect.

Of course, there is no need to go to the opposite extreme, following the example of the ancient Spartans, who became famous for their brevity. She's pretty good too

It is necessary to speak clearly and convincingly. Whatever the subject, the words of the speaker should be clear to any person, even those who do not have high level intelligence. The whole effect of the speech will be lost if the listeners are constantly trying to understand: “What does he mean?” Therefore, you should not use specific terms that are familiar only to a narrow circle of specialists, for example. It is also necessary, if possible, to refrain from using it too frequently. foreign words. After all, in most cases they can be replaced with Russian analogues.

And, of course, you need to speak competently. A very unpleasant impression is made by a person who makes mistakes in accents or uses words incorrectly. For example, the entire effect of a convincing and beautiful speech can be spoiled by the word “lay” spoken instead of the word “put”. In the same way, the head of a company who makes mistakes in stress when pronouncing the words “agreement” or “kilometer” is unlikely to inspire respect and trust among business partners.

Make it a rule: use as little jargon as possible. They are quite acceptable when communicating in a narrow circle or in in social networks, but not in public speech.

Moreover, try in every possible way to avoid rude, vulgar expressions (not to mention obscene). They are not in the best possible way characterize the person who uses them

An example of beautiful correct speech - Russian classical literature

To learn to speak correctly, figuratively and beautifully, you need to read as much as possible classical works. Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol, Turgenev, Chekhov, Leskov... This is far from full list masters artistic word, who had an excellent command of the Russian language and left us an invaluable creative heritage. In their works you will find countless examples of truly beautiful speech. Although some words are outdated these days, and some phrases may seem ponderous and unnatural, Russian classics will help you learn to speak beautifully and correctly. Read the works of these masters and after a while you yourself will notice that your lexicon enriched, and you want to speak, imitating their heroes.

Attend performances based on the works of masters classical literature, or watch them on TV. This will also help you learn correct and beautiful speech.

You can also read an explanatory Russian dictionary and write down the words you like most. But remember that some of them may be unfamiliar to your listeners, so try not to use them when communicating with opponents.

First of all, we will focus on the characteristics of oral and written speech. Oral and written varieties of speech are “connected by thousands of transitions into each other.” This is explained by the fact that the basis of both oral and written speech is internal speech, with the help of which human thought is formed.

In addition, oral speech can be recorded on paper or using technical means, while any written text can be read aloud. There are even special genres of written speech specifically designed to be spoken aloud: drama and oratory. And in works of fiction you can often find dialogues and monologues of characters that are inherent in spontaneous oral speech.

Despite the commonality of oral and written speech, there are also differences between them. As noted in the Russian Language encyclopedia, ed. Fedot Petrovich Filin, the differences between oral and written speech are as follows:

- oral speech - speech that sounds, is pronounced. It is the primary form of existence of language, a form opposed to written speech. In the conditions of modern scientific and technological progress, oral speech is not only ahead of written speech in terms of the possibilities of actual dissemination, but also acquires such an important advantage as the instantaneous transmission of information;

- written language - this is speech depicted on paper (parchment, birch bark, stone, linen, etc.) using graphic signs intended to indicate speech sounds. Written speech is a secondary, later in time form of the existence of language, contrasted with oral speech.

There are also a number of differences of a psychological and situational nature between oral and written speech:

in oral speech, the speaker and listener see each other, which allows the content of the conversation to change depending on the interlocutor’s reaction. In written speech this possibility does not exist: the writer can only mentally imagine a potential reader;

oral speech is designed for auditory perception, written - to the visual. Literal reproduction of oral speech is usually

is possible only with the help of special technical devices, but in written speech the reader has the opportunity to repeatedly re-read what has been written, just as the writer himself has the opportunity to repeatedly improve what has been written;

3) written speech makes communication precise and fixed. It connects the communication of people of the past, present and future, acts as the basis for business communication and scientific activity, while oral speech is often characterized by inaccuracy, incompleteness, and the transfer of general meaning.

Thus, there are both similarities and differences in spoken and written language. The similarities are based on the fact that the basis of both types of speech is literary language, and the differences lie in the means of its expression.

Greetings, Dear friends! Pavel Yamb is in touch. Despite the fact that, according to statistics, Russia is one of the most literate countries in the world, since almost all of its citizens can read and write, I very often come across words such as “cute”, “birthday” or “birthday”, etc. .

Do you agree that well-written articles are more pleasant to read than text riddled with errors? It seems that everyone at school had lessons in Russian literature and language, but most, it seems, either lost the acquired skills or did not listen to the teacher at all. So how can you refresh your memory? How to “raise” the literacy of a great, powerful adult? After all, competent people achieve success faster!

Let's first take a sober look at the situation, at what level our literacy is. Not happy? Let's begin to enrich our knowledge.

What and how to read?

One of the ways to become a Russian language guru, which we are constantly advised, is to read more. On the one hand, it’s correct: when you read a lot, you remember more words and know how they are spelled. But not all literature is equally useful. Most the best option For useful reading– this is a classic. So many interesting works not included in school curriculum, we read some in an abbreviated “demo” version, and others we forgot, so pleasant emotions are guaranteed. For example, from textbooks, the only thing I remember is “The Master and Margarita”.

There is such a technique as spelling reading. Its principle is that children are taught to read as it is written, and not as is commonly spoken. Special attention pay attention to long and difficult words, which are pronounced in syllables. In this case, auditory memory is connected to visual memory. This is how we quickly remember how words are written. Then, using the “like-dislike” method, you can intuitively determine how an unfamiliar word is spelled.

As you read, you will get a feel for the style, see the compatibility of words, and expand your vocabulary. What if not reading contributes to this?!

Desk book? Dictionary!

Increasing literacy levels is not a matter of one day or even a few months. If you decide to thoroughly improve your literacy, then your reference book should become a dictionary of the Russian language. If you have the slightest uncertainty about the correct spelling, you should contact it. Have you come across an unfamiliar word? Also open a dictionary, find out the meaning and how to write. Another good way to expand your vocabulary.

Don't be afraid that large volumes will fill the room. After all, electronic versions of all dictionaries are freely available on the Internet. Here, dic.academic.ru.

U modern people It is also possible to improve literacy online using special resources. For example, there is such a useful service - Gramota.ru, with explanations, rules, reference materials. We go to the site, type a questionable word in the line, press Enter - and the correct answer is before our eyes. Comfortable! And this is not the only site of this kind.

Pay attention to such resources as:

• “Total dictation” – a complete online school, everything is free;
• "True Words"– courses on native speech for children of primary and high school, linguistic games, online Olympiads. The service is paid, but you can try the free option;
• "I can write"– Russian language lessons, paid and free courses, webinars, textbooks, tests;
• "Education in Russian"– free interactive textbooks, online platforms for learning Russian as a foreign language;
• “Write more vividly”– a free course that will help rid your texts of verbal garbage;
• "textologia.ru" – online magazine about Russian language and literature.

Let's play and improve literacy

You can learn literacy easily and playfully. Do you like to solve crosswords? Wonderful! This means you learn new words and remember how they are written. Word puzzles, tests, anagrams, charades, and rebuses also perfectly develop our intellectual abilities.

If you cannot achieve good results on your own, take literacy courses. With the help of specialists, things will go much faster. Such courses are also available online.

There are also assistance services for improving literacy, for example, Tutoronline.ru. Leave a request and study with a Russian language or literature tutor via Skype.

Compliance with Russian language requirements is mandatory by default in any field. So, we remember or learn the rules. In the case where the work is checked before sending, then why not ask him to report each violation language norms? If you learn the rule, you will improve your literacy. If you do this all the time, you will be able to compete with the inspector.

But not everyone has a colleague who is a proofreader. Then your salvation is textbooks. Don't be lazy, open them more often, read the rules yourself!

Today - dictation

In my opinion this is The best way improving literacy in as soon as possible. You don’t even need assistants: there are enough interactive dictations on the Internet to insert missing punctuation marks and spelling marks. The benefit is double: interesting and educational.

Write!

Write every day, this way you will increase your literacy level in the near future and develop the skill of recognizing mistakes at the level of intuition. Constantly, a lot, interesting! Not everyone can boast of innate literacy; you will have to work hard to get such a useful advantage. The more we write, the fewer mistakes we make. Tested in practice!

There is another way to improve language skills like calligraphy. Calligraphic handwriting develops concentration, helps to fix a phrase in memory and even remember the rule! Write slowly - this method also works when typing on a computer. Think, and not rush at full speed.

Interestingly, the initial misspelling is etched in the memory. A persistent skill in writing with errors appears. To get rid of it, you will have to spell the word correctly at least a hundred times. After about a hundred repetitions at one time, I stopped writing “Hello” - I constantly missed the letter “v” at the skill level.

You know, even without being super literate, you can make good money. The higher your knowledge of the language, the higher your earnings.

Audiobooks

Are you familiar with the expression “it’s asking for a comma”? The logic of presentation and the rhythm of the sentence suggest that a punctuation mark is needed here. To feel this rhythm, listen to audio books and pay attention to the spoken phrases. This way you will learn to determine where a comma is needed.

Situations that are out of the ordinary

Unfortunately, or fortunately, the Russian language is actually very flexible. If keyword The customer has discovered an error, do not rush to correct it. It is quite possible that this is a special requirement, that is, it should be so. The reason is simple. Most Internet users type search queries incorrectly. When the number of queries with errors increases noticeably, some webmasters use such words as keywords.

Some statistics

Statistics show that the Russian language consists of approximately 500,000 words. But in Everyday life we only use about 3000.

According to textologia.ru, a schoolchild’s vocabulary is 2000–5000 words, an adult speaks 5000–8000 thousand, an adult who has received higher education has about 10,000 in reserve, and 50,000 are available to the erudite.

So, let’s summarize how to quickly increase your literacy level:

1. Read a lot, especially classical literature.
2. Check the dictionary often, both in volumes and online.
3. Let online resources like Gramota.ru become your friends.
4. Solve crosswords, charades, puzzles.
5. If you can’t achieve results on your own, work with a tutor.
6. Take literacy classes.
7. Write.
8. Listen to audiobooks!

Bye to you. Pavel Yamb was with you. Be literate, write comments to this article without errors :)

P.s. What words did you have problems with?

And here is a cool tip on our topic today:

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We all know how to talk. But still, not everyone expresses their thoughts beautifully and correctly: some are pleasant to listen to, while others cannot convey their thoughts to the listener and attract attention. How to learn competent speech? This is quite possible if you put in the effort and act purposefully.

Why speak correctly?

Why is correct speech needed? In general, conversation is the main tool of communication reasonable people, with its help they express their thoughts, transmit and receive information, achieve goals, that is, in essence, interact with each other. Although, of course, even incoherent phrases can be understood, but will the one who utters them be taken seriously? Surely not.

So why do we need correct speech?

• To communicate and be understood. If you express yourself clearly, you will be able to convey your thoughts faster and get answers to questions.
• To learn and develop. Nowadays, educated people are valued, and in order to become just such a person and achieve the perception of oneself as an accomplished person, you need to learn to speak correctly.
• To achieve success in professional activity. An employee who cannot speak and express thoughts competently is unlikely to build a career, especially in a large organization. But a skillful and talented speaker will certainly show himself with the best side and will become successful.
• To educate the younger generation. Children absorb everything like sponges, and if parents use foul language or do not have proper speech skills, then the child will probably not learn to speak correctly.
• To be proud of your language, because everyone is beautiful in their own way.

The essence of the concept

What is correct speech? This concept does not have an exact definition, but it is absolutely logical that it implies the ability to speak competently, clearly and beautifully, to express and convey one’s thoughts, to construct phrases and sentences. It would seem that we are taught all this from childhood, but this does not mean that everyone will be able to conduct a competent conversation. To learn to speak beautifully and correctly, you need to have a sufficient vocabulary, think logically and form chains of words, and use the components of speech appropriately and gracefully.

Components of competent speech

The technique of competent speech includes several components:

• Diction, that is, the correct and clear pronunciation of all sounds. Without this component, you will simply “distort” the words.
• Breath. If you do not learn to breathe correctly during a conversation, then your speech will not be properly constructed and convincing enough. In addition, long sentences will automatically cause discomfort.
• Precise, concise and understandable presentation. Don't over-saturate your speech unnecessary words: drawn-out sounds, introductory phrases, interjections and other not the most important, and sometimes completely unnecessary elements.
• Content is the topic of conversation, that is, what you are talking about. You must initially define the essence and stick to it so that your thought is clear and understandable.
• Logic is about correctly constructed phrases and sentences, as well as appropriately used individual words. Competent speech must be logical in order for the speaker to be understood.
• Vocabulary is the words you know and can use. If the idea is complex, then convey it using limited quantity concepts are unlikely to succeed.
• Oratory skills are what make a speech interesting, filled with meaning and emotion. Talented speakers used to be worth their weight in gold, and in modern life Such skills will come in handy in many situations.

How to learn to do it correctly?

If you still don’t know how to speak competently and beautifully, then start correcting the situation as soon as possible. You'll see, this will do you good.

Competent speech will never go out of style. People are always pleased to deal with someone who not only shines inner beauty, but also knows how to most accurately give his thoughts a speech form. Moreover, a perfectly placed one is not something like a gift of nature. It can and should be developed.

Correct oral and written language

Each language has a unique wealth that is specific to it and it would be a shame not to take advantage of it. This is especially true for a person’s native language. When you hear competent speech or have a perfectly formatted text in front of your eyes, without a single mistake, you immediately form a positive impression of the author or interlocutor.

Developing a culture of written and oral speech is everyone’s responsibility. And this happens every day in the process of communication and learning. It’s not for nothing that they say that with smart person It’s not that it’s nice to talk, but it’s also nice to just be silent.

Criteria for competent speech

If we move on to a more detailed consideration this concept, then it should be noted that speech culture means:

• the relevance of what was said;
• literacy of written or spoken information;
• accessibility in understanding the interlocutor’s phrases, clarity;
• wealth, which consists in the use of various epithets, phraseological units, metaphors, etc.;
• variety, absence of tautology, unnecessary repetitions that pollute the meaning of what was said;
• aesthetics.

Lack of literate speech skills

All these errors significantly hurt the ear and carry absolutely no valuable information about the speaker and do not create the image of a literate speaker.

How to develop competent speech?

The quality of literate speech must be improved daily and brought to perfection. After all, even if a person is intellectually developed, well-read, has deep inner world, but, alas, is not able to express himself clearly, then what he says will be known only to him.

Thus, the development of competent speech requires the implementation of several simple rules: