Beautiful, literate speech is an indicator of education, a guarantee that you will be understood correctly. Therefore, the phrase “who owns the word, owns the world” is still relevant in our time. After all, literacy and figurative speech are characteristic world leaders, diplomats and other personalities. Therefore, if you can correctly and clearly convey thoughts and ideas to others, then professional career growth is guaranteed to you.
Competent, beautiful speech helps us establish full communication with our interlocutor. And incorrect speech delivery with a large number of stylistic errors will negate all efforts, for example, when communicating with a boss or in a conflict situation in the family.
In addition, literacy is incompatible with swear words; even a good-looking person uses open swear words in his speech, but he still will not become a cultural intellectual. Therefore, good speech and verbal abuse and swearing are incompatible.
Moreover, literacy is not only the ability to accurately and clearly express thoughts, but also to speak to the point so that everyone can understand everything.
Trying to make your conversation literate, pay attention not only to your vocabulary, but also to culture. To do this, speak taking into account the rules and norms of punctuation, as well as the style of the Russian language.
Literacy is compliance with the rules of stress placement, the ability to raise or lower the tone at the right moment, maintain intonation, and the ability to withstand pauses.
Criteria that determine speech literacy
Speech culture:
- relevance;
- literacy of voiced information;
- accessibility of expression;
- use of epithets, metaphors and phraseological units;
- variety of speech without tautology;
- aesthetics.
The paucity of vocabulary and illiteracy repels the interlocutor and irritates. Even if you allow yourself to be tongue-tied at home, it is unlikely that you will lead correctly business conversation and when talking with your boss you will be able to express yourself competently. And over time, when you have children, they will pick up illiterate words from you.
How to improve your speech
During the conversation, maintain a friendly tone and change your intonation depending on the situation. To make your tone and intonation richer, learn to read with expression.
How to develop speech correctly
Those who require literacy for professional growth will not be able to cope without specialized literature. In this case, use the works of Radislav Gandapas and the manual by I. Golub and D. Rosenthal “Secrets of Stylistics”.
Help from professionals
If you need a teacher, then a highly qualified teacher will give you a competent speech. But where can you find it? Contact your school teacher or to a familiar philologist, and if the opportunity allows you to take lessons from a teacher specializing in rhetoric, then it’s worth taking advantage of it.
Making your speech literate is no more difficult than losing weight, but to achieve this you just need to want it.
Many consider competent speech to be a talent that is given to a select few and is necessary only in some areas of activity. In fact, everyone should think about how to develop speech. After all, good diction makes you listen to to the talking person and trust his opinion more. In addition, such a skill often contributes to career growth, especially if to perform job responsibilities you need to communicate with people often.
Basic techniques and exercises for speech development
Below we present the most effective exercises to improve diction. Clear speech and a well-trained voice are the result of long and hard work on oneself. Therefore, it is necessary to perform these exercises regularly, and not occasionally, because this is the only way you will make progress in the development of your speech.
Warm-up for the articulatory apparatus
Before performing any exercises aimed at developing diction, short warm-ups will help you to prepare yourself for clarity of pronunciation. One of her options is to tightly clench a pencil with your teeth and say a phrase approximately 10-15 words long. Then take out the pencil and say the same phrase again. In order not to think about choosing a text every time, you can use any poem when performing this exercise.
Exercises aimed at improving their mobility and accuracy will also help you begin to speak better and strengthen the muscles of the organs involved in the speech process. After all, these are the characteristics that are required for the development of diction and high-quality pronunciation of sounds.
As you know, the most mobile organ of articulation is the tongue. Therefore, most of gymnastics is connected with it. There are many exercises, the regular implementation of which will eliminate the need to think about the question of how to develop speech. For example, you can stick out your tongue and try to reach it first to the chin, and then to the nose. Or, as if using a brush, use smooth movements to draw lines from the teeth to the larynx.
Pronouncing phrases with artificially complicated articulation
Tongue twisters for the development of diction are considered classic version workout. With their help, you can practice clearly pronouncing different consonants in a calm environment. To achieve excellent results, it is enough to devote at least 5-10 minutes to exercise every day. However, to develop good diction there is one thing important rule: Each phrase must be pronounced at a slow, medium and very fast pace.
You can start training with the most simple sentences which teach you to clearly pronounce one or two sounds. For example, these could be:
There are also more complex phrases that help you understand how to learn to speak words clearly and quickly, in which the pronunciation of two or more sounds in difficult combinations is practiced:
- The talker said to the talkers: “I said, don’t tell the talker that the talker has started talking,” the talker has a talker. The talker began to speak, and the talker’s throat began to talk slightly, and then the talker said finally: “Stop talking, talker talker.”
- The commander spoke about the colonel and about the colonel, about the lieutenant colonel and about the lieutenant colonel, about the lieutenant and about the lieutenant, about the second lieutenant and about the second lieutenant, about the ensign and about the ensign, about the ensign, but was silent about the ensign.
- There is firewood in the yard, firewood behind the yard, firewood under the yard, firewood above the yard, firewood along the yard, firewood across the width of the yard, the yard cannot accommodate firewood! We'll probably move the wood from your yard back to the wood yard.
- The cap is not sewn in the Kolpakov style, the bell is not poured in the Kolokolov style, the cap needs to be re-packed, re-capped, re-forged, re-capped.
- The snake was bitten by the snake. I can't get along with the snake. From horror it has become narrower - the snake will eat it for dinner and say: “Start over.”
Pronouncing tongue twisters
There are also special tongue twisters for developing diction and eliminating problems with the pronunciation of certain sounds. Good way figure out what exactly needs to be corrected - listen to your own speech from the outside. Once the problems have been identified, you can begin to work on developing your diction.
First you need to learn how to pronounce an isolated sound correctly. Then it is necessary to achieve differentiation in speech of similar sounds, for example, “s” and “sh” or “r” and “l”. Pronouncing special phrases can be a significant help in correcting your speech, for example:
- Lara played the lyre.
- Forty mice walked and found forty pennies, and two poorer mice found two pennies each.
- The Ligurian traffic controller was regulating in Liguria.
- A Cossack with a saber galloped towards Sashka to play checkers.
- Sasha walked along the highway and sucked on a dryer. Beavers wander into the cheese forests. Beavers are brave, but they are kind to beavers.
- The bull is blunt-lipped, the bull is blunt-lipped, the bull has a white lip and is blunt.
- There was a white-winged ram, which killed all the rams.
- I was at Frol’s, I lied to Frol about Lavra, I’ll go to Lavra, I lie to Lavra about Frol.
You should move on to working on the next sound only after you have achieved the correct pronunciation of the first sound.
Reading aloud
In addition to speaking tongue twisters, it is also useful to read aloud to develop diction. Recording your voice on a voice recorder can be a good incentive. Few people, having heard their speech, would not want to improve it. By reading passages from books and making audio recordings, you can practice your pronunciation until it becomes almost perfect.
How to learn to speak so that it is really pleasant and interesting to listen to you? When reading aloud, avoid monotony and change your intonation. In addition, it is worth changing the volume and speed of reading, learning to highlight the most important points with pauses. But at the same time, control your speech so that such pauses are appropriate and not too long.
Also, do not lose sight of the fact that a calm and confident voice is best perceived by others. Whether he will be like this largely depends on the mood and internal state of a person, his ability to control emotions. However, by developing diction, you can learn to speak calmly and convincingly. For example, why not imagine yourself as a politician and talk about the state of the economy in the country while sitting in front of a mirror?
Vocabulary expansion
Another important aspect that needs to be taken into account is the need for constant intellectual development and replenishment of vocabulary. A well-developed person can carry on a conversation in any situation and find the right words. To become just like this, you should read more, solve crossword puzzles more often and attend various trainings on.
If you devote even a few minutes every day to working on improving your diction, within a few months you will begin to speak well, and your voice itself will be transformed beyond recognition. Moreover, all the efforts made will undoubtedly be rewarded over time.
Diaphragm training
In the question of how to deliver a speech, it is very important aspect is the ability to control breathing. Without it, the text may be interrupted by pauses and breaths in places where this violates its meaning or worsens its emotionality. As a result, speech will become abrupt, and the meaning of what is said is perceived worse.
Therefore, one of the first exercises to develop diction should be training to develop proper breathing:
- Place your feet shoulder-width apart, straighten your spine, place one hand on your chest and the other on your stomach. Inhaling through your nose, push your stomach forward. Then calmly exhale air through a small hole in your lips, returning your chest and stomach to their original position.
- To start speaking better over time, you can make the exercise more difficult. To do this, try to maintain proper breathing and at the same time walk, run in place, imitate chopping wood or sweeping the floor.
- You can improve the development of diction with the help of the following exercise. To begin, inhale calmly, and as you exhale, hold out any vowel for as long as possible. When you can hold a vowel for more than 25 seconds, try changing the tone of your voice.
Main causes of speech problems
It is impossible to achieve positive results in the development of diction if you do not understand the causes of speech disorders. Only rarely are they associated with health problems and develop, for example, due to an abnormal jaw structure or a short frenulum of the tongue.
For many people, speech problems are caused by incorrect pronunciation of whistling and hissing sounds, as well as the absence of the “L” or “R” sounds, or a violation of their pronunciation. A weakened articulatory apparatus may also be the cause.
Even if a person can speak well, pronouncing all sounds correctly, in particularly significant situations his speech may become slurred and unclear. After all, when pronouncing words, the articulatory apparatus needs to very quickly switch from one movement to another. This can only be achieved through active and intensive work of the muscles that need to be trained, for example, by regularly pronouncing tongue twisters for diction.
However main reason slurred, quiet speech is a person’s shyness and lack of self-confidence.
In such a situation, the development of diction is a secondary problem. First of all, you need to work on your own character and fight complexes. Grammatically correct speech - deposit life success
. After all, people are judged not only by their clothes, but also by their ability to correctly convey thoughts and write correctly. A person who knows how to express his thoughts simply, concisely and clearly, and construct sentences correctly, is always perceived more positively. Interlocutors, listening to competent speech, automatically assign a completely different, higher level of life competence to a person. Have you ever lost or not gotten a job because large quantities
writing mistakes or needing to clearly explain why you are the right person for the job? The development of competent speech is one of the basic tasks of every self-respecting person. Even if you don't speak in public, the ability to speak beautifully and clearly is valued by everyone. So, how to develop competent speech?
Read fiction Reading high-quality fiction can hardly be called a waste of time. IN modern world We are exposed to a very large flow of information, mainly listening to the news or reading it on the Internet. But the network, entertaining reading and business literature cannot replace good books
recognized domestic and foreign authors. Reading novels helps to intuitively write correct, beautiful sentences and develops a sense of language. Reading, fiction science articles in special publications, a person expands his horizons and lexicon
. If you want to make your speech more lively and imaginative, read poetry. Identify the rhythm, metaphors and figures of speech that you would like to use.
Use dictionaries
In addition to the usual dictionary, there are dictionaries of metaphors, foreign words, special terms, even dictionaries dedicated to a specific science. Use them all - and your vocabulary will begin to grow quickly. You can always find the most accurate word and apply it in conversation.
Play educational games
As you know, children acquire almost all their knowledge of language before the age of seven. A child develops competent speech with the help of the people around him. There are also many games and techniques that allow you to develop your imagination, expand your vocabulary and learn to speak beautifully.
If possible, listen to yourself from the outside. Make an audio or video recording of your voice. If you are afraid to speak into a voice recorder or get an inaccurate result, ask someone close to you to record you during a normal conversation.
Evaluate your speech. Competent speech is always free from all unnecessary things. How accurately did you convey your message to others? Was she clear? Could it have been said shorter, clearer, more understandable? Are you pausing in the wrong places? Are you constructing your sentences correctly? Are your thoughts confused, are you jumping from thought to thought, confusing your listeners?
Watch the accents. Incorrect accents (call, jalousie and other tricky words, of which there are many in the Russian language) reveal an illiterate and ill-mannered person. There are two options: do not use these words or open the dictionary, textbooks and remember them firmly.
Edit what you've written
Have you written a letter, a message to a friend, a report to management or an artistic essay? Whatever it is, look at the text as carefully as possible and try to give it critical assessment. This is great speech training. If you practice “cleaning” your writing, you will see results very soon. Besides, Speaking will also change significantly!
Once you've written something, try to "switch" to something else (at least go and make yourself a cup of tea), and then return to the text with fresh eyes. Imagine that this is someone else's text. Does it have errors? How accurately is the thought expressed? Is everything clear to you as an outside reader? Is it possible to formulate this idea more clearly and concisely?
Correct speech and competent speech are always bright, expressive and understandable. Get rid of words that do not carry any semantic meaning. They often take up a third of the text, which is why your idea definitely loses. If you can use a simpler and shorter word, use it. You can also try reading it out loud (be sure to do this if you are preparing a speech that you will give).
Develop your voice
Not only grammatically and lexically correct speech is important for communication. Proper communication also includes using your voice. If you have applied all the methods outlined above, but at the same time express your thoughts in a monotonous voice, devoid of any intonation, listening to you will be unpleasant and not very interesting.
It's worth developing your voice. Do exercises, listen to speakers and try to repeat after them. Sign up for a public speaking course. Even with little effort, the results will please you, and your interlocutors will stop yawning.
Results
Competent speech is not given at birth. You need to work on this constantly, throughout your life. But even if you devote very little effort and time to developing your speech, reading will become your good habit - more interesting and successful life you are guaranteed.
Therefore, competent speech and the ability to control it are the most important skills of any modern man. In one of the previous articles I talked about the ability to listen and hear, and today I will give a few simple tips About, how to make your speech more literate.
2. Stop swearing
No, of course, if your main interlocutors are street punks, then without masterful juggling swear words not enough. But when communicating with normal people swearing is an indicator of low cultural level. Few people would like to communicate with a person who cannot express their emotions in competent Russian.
3. Harsh jargon is your enemy.
Jargon and competent speech are two almost incompatible concepts. Almost - because the jargon is different. Of course, two system administrators will understand each other much faster if they use “switch” in their speech rather than “network switch,” but in other cases it is better to call things by their proper names. The semi-criminal and “padonkaff” slang is especially annoying - it’s unpleasant and uninteresting. Rid your speech of these harmful phrases. Tell it like it is: “we got there quickly, because... we were lucky - the traffic lights had a green signal,” instead of “hey, we finally got here on the green light.”
4. Brevity is the sister of talent
If you can express the essence of your thought in two sentences, then there is absolutely no need to “spread it over the tree.” Competent speech requires the ability to speak briefly and to the point. But be careful, when the situation requires detailed clarification, it is better to spend a few minutes on additional explanations than to be misunderstood. Also learn the rules of cultural communication.
5. Vary your speech depending on the situation
Your boss probably won't like it. if he is personally called “Vitek”, and a friend, in response to the address “Vyacheslav Leonidovich...” heard from you, in best case scenario twirls his finger at his temple. Learn to speak “the same language” with your interlocutor, and communication will be more productive.
6. Stop apologizing all the time.
Many people have the habit of constructing their sentences in a pre-apologetic tone. It seems to them that this way they will quickly endear themselves to themselves. This is not true. Confident, straightforward (within moderate limits, of course) speech will have a much better effect on the interlocutor than “I’m not very comfortable asking, but maybe you’ll agree...”, etc. Be more confident and assertive.
7. Watch for returns
8. Expand your vocabulary
Read more literature(“lady detectives” and free jokes” do not count) and try to identify any interesting turns of speech or phrases, memorize them. Also make it a rule to open a spelling dictionary at least a couple of times a week and find words there that are unknown to you or little used. But be careful with this advice - use new phrases only in the necessary context. When a person, when asked “what are you doing this evening?”, answers: “I’m taking a siesta,” it looks at least stupid (for those who don’t know, a siesta is an afternoon rest).
9. Study specialized literature
If you want not only to improve your speech literacy, but to become a truly skilled speaker, then you cannot do without good, specialized literature. Which? Personally, in this regard, I really like the materials of Radislav Gandapas - without excess water and really to the point. I can also recommend the book “Secrets of Stylistics” from the authors I. Golub and D. Rosenthal.
How to learn to speak beautifully
Brevity, clarity, literacy - the foundations of correct and beautiful speech
People have forgotten how to speak correctly and beautifully (for a number of reasons, starting with the general decline of culture in the 90s of the last century). This needs to be learned again. At a minimum, because such speech not only characterizes a person positively, but also helps him communicate with other people and achieve success in work and personal life. Imagine this situation. You are communicating with a person who uses vulgar, slang words. Would you like to continue the conversation with him? Of course not.
Not all people are gifted with oratory skills. However, with desire and diligence, almost every person can learn to speak beautifully and correctly. Moreover, the Russian language is extremely rich. It makes it possible to describe any object, characterize any person, express an attitude towards a particular event, natural phenomenon, work of art, etc. with utmost clarity and imagery. With the help of its features, you can emphasize the slightest nuances, highlight this or that detail, character trait. In this regard, few languages can compare with Russian.
It is not necessary for such a description or expression to be verbose. After all, a speech that is too long, even beautiful and figurative, tires listeners, and sometimes can cause irritation. As a result, the expected effect from the spoken words will not be achieved.
Therefore, it should be remembered that one of the main requirements for correct and beautiful speech is brevity. We must quickly move on to main point question, without delaying the introduction, without being distracted by extraneous details. Then they will listen to you carefully, and your arguments will have the desired effect.
Of course, there is no need to go to the opposite extreme, following the example of the ancient Spartans, who became famous for their brevity. She's pretty good too
It is necessary to speak clearly and convincingly. Whatever the subject, the words of the speaker should be clear to any person, even those who do not have high level intelligence. The whole effect of the speech will be lost if the listeners are constantly trying to understand: “What does he mean?” Therefore, you should not use specific terms that are familiar only to a narrow circle of specialists, for example. It is also necessary, if possible, to refrain from using foreign words too often. After all, in most cases they can be replaced with Russian analogues.
And, of course, you need to speak competently. A very unpleasant impression is made by a person who makes mistakes in accents or uses words incorrectly. For example, the entire effect of a convincing and beautiful speech can be spoiled by the word “lay” spoken instead of the word “put”. In the same way, the head of a company who makes mistakes in accents when pronouncing the words “agreement” or “kilometer” is unlikely to inspire respect and trust among business partners.
Make it a rule: use as little jargon as possible. They are quite acceptable when communicating in a narrow circle or in in social networks, but not in public speech.
Moreover, try in every possible way to avoid rude, vulgar expressions (not to mention obscene). They are not in the best possible way characterize the person who uses them
An example of beautiful correct speech - Russian classical literature
To learn to speak correctly, figuratively and beautifully, you need to read as much as possible classical works. Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol, Turgenev, Chekhov, Leskov... This is far from full list masters artistic word, who had an excellent command of the Russian language and left us an invaluable creative heritage. In their works you will find countless examples of truly beautiful speech. Although some words are outdated these days, and some phrases may seem ponderous and unnatural, Russian classics will help you learn to speak beautifully and correctly. Read the works of these masters and after a while you yourself will notice that your vocabulary has been enriched, and you want to speak, imitating their heroes.
Attend performances based on the works of masters classical literature, or watch them on TV. This will also help you learn correct and beautiful speech.
You can also read an explanatory Russian dictionary and write down the words you like most. But remember that some of them may be unfamiliar to your listeners, so try not to use them when communicating with opponents.