To vocabulary conversational style* refers to words characteristic of everyday speech, casual conversation, and in general the speech of people not connected or constrained by official relations, and, as a rule, unusual for written genres (the language of business papers, scientific articles etc.), oratory, etc.
* Some linguists call this vocabulary "lexicon oral speech"(See, for example, the above-mentioned textbook "Modern Russian language..."). Using this term, it should be borne in mind that we are not talking about all words encountered in oral communication, but only those that are used in oral speech and are not characteristic of written speech. This means that the vocabulary of oral speech does not include not only interstyle words that form the basis of both oral and written communication, but also words characteristic of written speech (as mentioned above, they are called the vocabulary of book styles). .
The vocabulary of the conversational style is heterogeneous. However, unlike the vocabulary of book styles, where heterogeneity is explained not only by differences in expressive-emotional qualities, but also by differences in the degree of attachment of words to varieties of book styles, vocabulary of conversational style differs in the degree of literaryness and expressive-emotional qualities.
In the vocabulary of colloquial style, colloquial and colloquial words are distinguished*.
* Regional and slang words, although they are found in everyday speech, are, however, not considered here. They belong to a non-popular vocabulary, and the question of their aesthetic qualities and their use is an independent problem, so special sections are devoted to them. (“Dialect vocabulary” “Reflection of slang vocabulary in dictionaries”).
Spoken words
Colloquial words* of colloquial style vocabulary include those words that, while giving speech a relaxed, informal character, are at the same time devoid of rudeness. This: spinner, superlative, imagine, back home, just about, warrior, know-it-all, all sorts, stupid, talker, dirty, delicate, antediluvian, up to here, ugly, fidgety, fidgety, living creature, cutesy, a sight for sore eyes, bully, bullying, waiting too long, binge-watching, zaum, big guy, onlooker, tomorrow, know, in vain, cram, cramming, dodge, mess, trick, personnel officer, tower(about very tall man), hang around, here and there, here and there, scribble, lazy, slothful, boy, crybaby, fawn, rhyme weaver, poems, scribbling, pocket, prevaricate, hype, hack, what the hell and many others.
* Like the term “bookish,” the term “colloquial” is used both in relation to all words characteristic of casual conversation (as part of the term “colloquial style vocabulary”), and in relation to a certain part of these words.
A considerable part of colloquial words expresses the attitude towards the named object, phenomenon, action, property, attribute and their emotional assessment: grandma, daughter, kids, fidget, baby, boy, cute(affectionate); antediluvian, drip, rhymes, fight, battle(ironic); imagine, brainstorm, cramming, dodge, fawn, scribble, pocket, inveterate, prevaricate, hack(dismissive), etc.
Emotionality large number colloquial words are created by the portability of their meanings - battle("noisy quarrel"), the vinaigrette("about the confusion of heterogeneous concepts and objects"), kennel(“about a cramped, dark, dirty room”), tower("about a very tall man"), stick("to pester with something annoyingly"), dragonfly("O a living, active girl, girl"), etc. - or by the transferability of the meaning of the root of the word - pocket, inveterate, prevaricate etc. In other cases, the emotionality of words is caused by the corresponding suffix: daughter, boy, leg, legs, poems etc.
But not all spoken words can express an emotional assessment. Don't have this ability usherette, take a nap, really, back home, just about, here, tricky, personnel officer, soda, bad luck, undressed, renewed, in an embrace, nickel, smoke break, instantly, chicken out, like, carpentry and etc.
Colloquial words (especially those that do not contain any emotional evaluation) are close to cross-style vocabulary. However, they are still different from her. This is easiest to detect if you “place” them in a business official context, where they, unlike interstyle words, will turn out to be foreign. And this is explained by those features of colloquial words that make them colloquial, at least a little, but reduced: either by their evaluativeness, or by some “freedom” and at the same time inaccuracy of form (cf. colloquial soda, which, firstly, is shortened compared to the interstyle sparkling water, and secondly, “imprecise” in the sense that it can refer to anything that is saturated with gas; Wed from this point of view and nickel, nickel And five kopecks etc.).
In explanatory dictionaries, colloquial words are given with the mark “colloquial.”, to which is often added a mark indicating the emotional assessment expressed by the word (“joking.”, “iron.”, “disdainful.”, “affection.”, etc.) .
Important feature colloquial vocabulary is that it is among literary means expressions.
Colloquial words
Colloquial words are words that go beyond literary norm. The reasons for this are different, and they lie in the qualities and features of colloquial vocabulary.
Some colloquial words are characterized by varying degrees of rudeness and the ability to express an attitude towards the signified and evaluate it. These are the so-called rude and rudely expressive words. These include: bullshit("lie"), belly, jew's harp, vashey, scorch, squash, go crazy, dead meat, clunker, big man, toothy, whine, hag, kikimora, squirm, freckled, gobble, loafer, shabby, muss, kill, hang around, smack;vomit, burst into, lean into, stick out, scurry, grub, eat, bend over("die"), zenki, paw, muzzle, mug, snout, slam, bitch, thick-horned, hamlo* and so on.
* The above two “sets” of words illustrate, as is obviously understandable, different degrees of rudeness. The limit of lexical rudeness is unprintable words.
In explanatory dictionaries they are accompanied by the mark “simple.” and "rude-simple." (in the 17-volume Dictionary of the Modern Russian Literary Language there is no addition of “rude.”).
The evaluative nature of a large number of expressive colloquial words arises due to the transferability of the meaning of the word itself, or its root(s), or the word from which the given one is derived, cf., for example: burble, belly, drive in, dead meat, drive in("hit"), muzzle, snout, bend over;loafer, fool, become enraged, talker, miser and etc.
Being synonyms of interstyle words, expressive-colloquial words differ from them not only in their ability to express evaluation. They often contain an additional semantic connotation*, which is not present in the interstyle word and with which the assessment of a given object, action, attribute, etc. is usually associated. For example, let’s compare two messages: “I’m there caught" and "I'm there caught". Pointing like interstyle catch to the unexpected discovery of a person somewhere, its rudely expressive synonym catch will additionally report that the discovered person was taken by surprise and that he was engaged in an unseemly business. This last semantic addition simultaneously contains an assessment (of the person and his actions). The semantic “additive” that many crudely expressive words have in comparison with an interstyle word is often reflected in the interpretation. For example, jalopy(given with the mark “simple-joking.”) has the following explanation in the 4-volume Dictionary of the Russian Language: about an old, rickety carriage, cart; colloquial meaning of the word rake in is interpreted in the same dictionary as receiving, excessively much of something, greedily seizing, etc.
* It is no coincidence that we are talking here specifically about “the ability to express an assessment in a specific speech situation” and that they “often” (that is, not always) express an additional semantic connotation. Wed. "well-fed belly deaf to learning", "it took two hours to belly crawl" (where the rudely expressive belly completely coincides in meaning with the interstyle one stomach) and "grew (ate) belly" (Where belly -"big fat belly") or: "you'll have cabbage soup eat?" (=is) and "he doesn't eats and eats" (Where eat, the opposite is, indicates the semantic difference between these words, and also expresses an assessment of the action). It is in the case when a rudely expressive (or rude) word is used as a complete semantic equivalent of an interstyle word that only their rudeness (vulgarity, etc.) is felt, the expressiveness of such words “fades out.”
Other colloquial words do not have rudeness, imagery, do not express (themselves) assessments, they are perceived as incorrect from the point of view of the literary norm, as evidence of insufficient literacy of the one who uses them. Some linguists call them vernacular*, others call them vernacular** (rightly noting the “similarity” with dialect words). These include: certainly, in the heat of the moment, apparently, blame, forward("at first"), wait, allow, cover up, theirs, it seems, cross, mama, mischief, for now, little by little, die, sew("sew") by("all right"), will do, forcefully, help, intimidate, get discouraged, forestall, grub, smart and under.
* Cm.: Kalinin A.V. Vocabulary of the Russian language. 3rd ed. M., 1978. S. 160 – 162.
** Cm.: Gvozdev A.N. Essays on the stylistics of the Russian language. 3rd ed. M., 1965. P. 80.
Since vernacular words themselves do not have figurativeness and do not contain evaluation, they represent the exact semantic equivalent of the corresponding literary words: in the heat of the moment - in the heat of the moment;blame - spades;always - always;theirs - theirs;sew - sew;to frighten - to frighten etc. In explanatory dictionaries, vernacular vocabulary itself is given, as a rule, with such an interpretation, which indicates complete semantic coincidence with the literary synonym. For example:
Allow- allow, permit.
From afar- the same as from afar.
Theirs- the same as them.
Schematically, the stylistic stratification of vocabulary looks like this:
| Interstyle | ||||||
| Vocabulary of book styles | Conversational style vocabulary | |||||
| Book | Official business | Public-journalistic | Poetic | Spoken | Prostorechnaya | |
| emots. painted and unpainted | emots. not painted | emots. not painted | emots. not painted | emots. not painted | actually vernacular (emotional, not colored) | |
| moderately bookish | purely bookish | emots. painted | emots. painted | emots. painted | rude and rudely expressive (emotionally colored) | |
| Vocabulary | ||||||
Signs of a colloquial style of speech: presence of address, common colloquial words and jargon, use incomplete sentences, phraseological units, dialectisms, particles, repetitions, inconsistent phrases:
Kostya! How can?! Again the backpack is on the floor in the middle of the corridor!
Yesterday I bought myself a new mouse, a new keyboard, and webcams mall I didn't like it. There's something strange there... I'll look at it in another store this week. In the meantime, I’ll “get by” without a camera.
Apparently, the neighbor drank away his salary again. Look, the neighbor has been nagging him since yesterday.
And where did our Maxim go?
Ira! Ira! Wait for us on the corner, we'll be there in a minute! Yes, soon, soon, wait!
He said that we would all go to the cinema together on Saturday, but now he has backed down. Laziness, they say, has overcome. If only I could scrape together some money, let's go eat some ice cream. It's the weekend after all...
But I don’t love him, I don’t love him, that’s all! And I will never love you. And what is my fault?
Apparently, a series about fairies on TV has begun. This one is yours, Winx. I look: at least one girl is playing on the playground in the yard. They were just there, but now they’re not. It was as if a cow had licked them all with its tongue.
Serving for direct communication between people. Its main function is communicative (information exchange). The conversational style is presented not only in but also in the written form - in the form of letters, notes. But this style is mainly used in oral speech - dialogues, polylogues.
It is characterized by ease, unpreparedness of speech (lack of thinking over the proposal before speaking and preliminary selection of the necessary language material), informality, spontaneity of communication, mandatory transmission of the author’s attitude to the interlocutor or the subject of speech, economy of speech effort (“Mash”, “Sash”, “San”) Sanych" and others). The context of a certain situation and the use of non-verbal means (reaction of the interlocutor, gestures, facial expressions) play a big role in conversational style.
Lexical characteristics of conversational style
Linguistic differences include the use of non-lexical means (stress, intonation, rate of speech, rhythm, pauses, etc.). TO linguistic features colloquial style also includes the frequent use of colloquial, colloquial and slang words (for example, “start” (start), “today” (now), etc.), words with a figurative meaning (for example, “window” - meaning “break” "). Colloquial is different in that very often words in it not only name objects, their characteristics, actions, but also give them an assessment: “dodgy”, “well done”, “careless”, “clever”, “cheerful”, “cheerful”.
The conversational style is also characterized by the use of words with magnifying or diminutive suffixes (“spoon”, “little book”, “bread”, “seagull”, “pretty”, “huge”, “little red”), phraseological phrases (“got up in the morning ", "rushed as fast as he could"). Speech often includes particles, interjections, and addresses (“Masha, go get some bread!”, “Oh, my goodness, who came to us!”).
Conversational style: syntax features
The syntax of this style is characterized by the use of simple sentences (most often compound and non-union sentences), (in dialogue), the widespread use of exclamatory and interrogative sentences, the absence of participles and participial phrases in sentences, the use of words-sentences (negative, affirmative, incentive, etc.). This style is characterized by breaks in speech, which can be caused by various reasons (excitement of the speaker, looking for the right word, unexpected jumping from one thought to another).
The use of additional constructions that break the main sentence and introduce into it certain information, clarifications, comments, amendments, and explanations also characterizes the conversational style.
IN colloquial speech may occur and whose parts are interconnected by lexical-syntactic units: the first part contains evaluative words (“clever”, “well done”, “stupid”, etc.), and the second part substantiates this assessment, for example: “Well done , that helped! " or “Fool Mishka for listening to you!”
Conversational style
Colloquial speech- a functional style of speech, which serves for informal communication, when the author shares his thoughts or feelings with others, exchanges information via household issues in an informal setting. It often uses colloquial and colloquial vocabulary.
Peculiarities
The usual form of implementation of the conversational style is dialogue; this style is more often used in oral speech. There is no preliminary selection of language material.
In this style of speech, extralinguistic factors play an important role: facial expressions, gestures, and the environment.
The conversational style is characterized by emotionality, imagery, concreteness, and simplicity of speech. For example, in a bakery it doesn’t seem strange to say: “Please, with bran, one.”
The relaxed atmosphere of communication leads to greater freedom in the choice of emotional words and expressions: colloquial words are used more widely ( to be stupid, mouthy, talking shop, giggle, cackle), vernacular ( neigh, weakling, awsome, disheveled), slang ( parents - ancestors, iron, world).
In a conversational style of speech, especially at a fast pace, a smaller reduction of vowels is possible, up to their complete loss and simplification of consonant groups. Word-formation features: suffixes of subjective evaluation are widely used. To enhance expressiveness, doubling words is used.
Limited: abstract vocabulary, foreign words, book words.
As an example, we can cite the statement of one of the characters in A. P. Chekhov’s story “Revenge”:
Open it, damn it! How long will I have to remain frozen in this through wind? If you knew that it was twenty degrees below zero in your corridor, you wouldn’t have made me wait so long! Or maybe you don't have a heart?
This short excerpt reflects the following features conversational style: - interrogative and exclamatory sentences, - colloquial style interjection "damn it", - personal pronouns of the 1st and 2nd persons, verbs in the same form.
Another example is an excerpt from a letter from A. S. Pushkin to his wife, N. N. Pushkina, dated August 3, 1834:
It's a shame, lady. You are angry with me, not deciding who is to blame, me or the post office, and you leave me for two weeks without news of yourself and the children. I was so embarrassed that I didn't know what to think. Your letter reassured me, but did not console me. The description of your trip to Kaluga, no matter how funny it may be, is not funny to me at all. What kind of desire is there to drag yourself to a nasty little provincial town to see bad actors playing a bad old opera badly?<…>I asked you not to travel around Kaluga, yes, apparently, that’s your nature.
In this passage, the following linguistic features of a colloquial style appeared: - the use of colloquial and colloquial vocabulary: wife, to hang around, bad, to drive around, what kind of hunt, the union yes in the meaning of 'but', the particles are not at all, the introductory word is visible, - the word with evaluative word-building suffix gorodishko, - inversion of word order in some sentences, - lexical repetition of the word bad, - address, - presence of an interrogative sentence, - use of personal pronouns 1st and 2nd person singular, - use of verbs in the present tense, - use of something absent in the language plural form of the word Kaluga (to drive around Kaluga) to designate all the small provincial towns.
Lexical means
Colloquial words and phraseological units: vymahal (grown), electric train (electric train), vocabulary with an emotionally expressive coloring (class), diminutive suffixes (gray). suffixes of subjective assessment: hard worker, hard worker, hostel, secretary, director, handy. Substantivization, use of contraction words - deletion, record book; truncation - comp.
see also
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See what “Conversational style” is in other dictionaries:
CONVERSATIONAL STYLE- CONVERSATIONAL STYLE. Cm. functional styles …
Conversational style- (colloquially everyday, colloquially everyday, everyday communication) – one of the functions. styles, but in the functional system. stylistic differentiation lit. language occupies a special place, because unlike others is not associated with professional activity person...
conversational style- a type of national language: a style of speech that serves the sphere of everyday communication... Dictionary of literary terms
conversational style Dictionary linguistic terms T.V. Foal
Conversational style- (colloquially everyday, colloquially everyday, style of everyday communication) One of the functional styles used in the informal sphere of communication; does not require special training for its use. R.s. master with early childhood. Brighter... ... General linguistics. Sociolinguistics: Dictionary-reference book
See pronunciation styles, functional styles... Dictionary of linguistic terms
conversational style of pronunciation- See the article colloquial speech... Educational dictionary of stylistic terms
Literary-colloquial style, or type, of speech- (colloquial speech) – 1) Functional. variety of lit. language, used in conditions of informal, relaxed communication and contrasted within lit. language as a dichotomous system, book style (see). Lit. decomposition style in this... ... Stylistic encyclopedic Dictionary Russian language
CONVERSATIONAL STYLE- CONVERSATIONAL STYLE. See conversational style... New dictionary methodological terms and concepts (theory and practice of language teaching)
- [manner] noun, m., used. often Morphology: (no) what? style, why? style, (I see) what? style, what? style, about what? about style; pl. What? styles, (no) what? styles, what? styles, (see) what? styles, what? styles, about what? about styles 1. Style is called... ... Dictionary Dmitrieva
Books
- Is there an error in the world formula? Conversations by Dr. Ben Yamin with the participation of Vitaly Volkov, Shulman Benjamin (Eugene). This book was born from conversations between two people and retains the form and conversational style of these dialogues. In conversations, representations of the Jewish tradition of Kabbalah, meeting with the spirituality of our time, as it were...
Conversational style performs the main function of language - the function of communication. Its purpose is the direct transmission of information, mainly orally (with the exception of private letters, notes, and diary entries). The linguistic features of the conversational style determine the special conditions for its functioning: informality, ease and expressiveness verbal communication, lack of preliminary selection of linguistic means, automaticity of speech, routine content and dialogic form.
The situation—the real, objective context of speech—has a great influence on conversational style. This allows you to extremely shorten a statement that may lack individual components, which, however, does not interfere with the correct perception of colloquial phrases.
IN everyday communication a concrete, associative way of thinking and a direct, expressive nature of expression are realized.
Conversational style is associated with the sphere of direct everyday communication. Like any style, colloquial has its own special form of application, a specific topic. Most often the subject of conversation is the weather, health, news, any interesting events, purchases, prices... Perhaps, of course, a discussion of the political situation, scientific achievements, news in cultural life, but these topics are also subject to the rules of conversational style, its syntactic structure, although in similar cases the vocabulary of conversations is enriched with book words and terms.
For a casual conversation, a necessary condition is the absence of formality, confidential, open relationship between participants in a dialogue or polylogue. The attitude towards natural, unprepared communication determines the attitude of speakers towards linguistic means.
In the conversational style, for which the oral form is primordial, the most important role is played by the sound side of speech, and above all by intonation: it is this (in interaction with a peculiar syntax) that creates the impression of conversationality. Unforced speech is characterized by sharp increases and decreases in tone, lengthening, “stretching” of vowels, scanning of syllables, pauses, and changes in the tempo of speech. By sound, you can easily distinguish the full (academic, strict) style of pronunciation inherent in a lecturer, speaker, professional announcer broadcasting on the radio (all of them are far from the colloquial style, their texts represent other book styles in oral speech!), from incomplete, characteristic of colloquial speech. It shows a less distinct pronunciation of sounds and their reduction (reduction). Instead of Alexander Alexandrovich We are speaking San Sanych. Less tension in the speech organs leads to a change in the quality of sounds and sometimes even to their complete disappearance (“ hello", but not Hello, Not speaks, A " grit", Not Now, A " lose", instead of we will is heard " we're booming", instead of What- « wow" etc.). This “simplification” of orthoepic norms is especially noticeable in non-literary forms of colloquial style, in common parlance.
Radio and television journalism has special rules of pronunciation and intonation. On the one hand, in improvised, unprepared texts (conversation, interview), it is natural and natural to follow pronunciation standards colloquial style, but not vernacular options, but neutral ones. At the same time, the speaker’s high culture of speech requires precision in the pronunciation of words, emphasis, and expressiveness of the intonation pattern of speech.
Vocabulary conversational style
1. is divided into two large groups:
· common words ( day, year, work, sleep, early, possible, good, old);
· colloquial words ( potato, reader, real, perch).
2. It is also possible to use colloquial words, professionalisms, dialectisms, jargon, that is, various extra-literary elements that reduce style. All this vocabulary is predominantly of everyday content, specific.
At the same time, the range of book words, abstract vocabulary, terms and little-known borrowings is very narrow.
3. The activity of expressive-emotional vocabulary (familiar, affectionate, disapproving, ironic) is indicative. Evaluative vocabulary usually has a reduced connotation here. The use of occasional words (neologisms that we come up with on occasion) is typical - bottle opener, pretty boy, nutcrackers.
4. In a conversational style, the law of “economy” applies speech means", therefore, instead of names consisting of two or more words, one is used: evening newspaper - evening, condensed milk - condensed milk, five-story house - five-story building. In other cases, stable combinations of words are transformed and instead of two words one is used: forbidden zone - zone, maternity leave - decree.
5. A special place in colloquial vocabulary is occupied by words with the most general or uncertain meaning, which is specified in the situation: thing, piece, matter, history. Close to them are “empty” words that acquire a certain meaning only in context. (bagpipes, bandura, clunker). For example: where are we going to put this bandura?(about the closet).
6. Conversational style is rich in phraseology. Most Russian phraseological units are of a colloquial nature ( water off a duck's back etc.), colloquial expressions are even more expressive ( There is no law for fools, in the middle of nowhere and so on.). Colloquial and colloquial phraseological units give speech vivid imagery; They differ from book and neutral phraseological units not in meaning, but in special expressiveness and reduction. Let's compare: to leave life - to play the game, to mislead - to hang noodles on one's ears, to rub in points, to take from the ceiling, to suck it out of one's finger.
Morphological norm conversational style, on the one hand, generally corresponds to the general literary norm, on the other, it has its own characteristics. For example,
1. in oral form the nominative case predominates - even where in written speech it is impossible (Pushkinskaya, come out!),
2. truncated forms of function words are often used (at least).
3. The norm of verb use allows the formation of forms that do not exist in normative book speech with the meaning of repetition (used to say) or, conversely, one-time use (pushed).
4. In a conversational style, the use of participles and gerunds, which are considered a sign of bookish speech, is inappropriate.
5. More often formed prepositional with ending -u (on vacation), plural ending -a (reprimand).
Syntax colloquial speech is very unique, which is due to its oral form and vivid expression.
1. They dominate here simple sentences, often incomplete, of the most varied structure and extremely short. The situation fills in the gaps in speech, which is quite understandable to the speakers.
2. In oral speech, we often do not name an object, but describe it: In hathaven't been here?
3. Complex sentences are not typical for colloquial speech; non-union ones are used more often than others: You speak, I listen. Some non-union colloquial constructions are not comparable to any book phrases.
4. The order of words in live speech is also unusual: as a rule, the most important word in the message is placed first. At the same time, parts of a complex sentence are sometimes intertwined.
5. Sentence words are often used ( Clear. No, you can
1. General characteristics of the scientific style of speech
Science is a unique sphere of human activity. It is designed to provide true information about the world around us. And although it is possible to comprehend the laws of the surrounding world in other ways (not only scientific ones), it is science that is addressed to the intellect, to logic.
The main goal ( function) Scientific style is the transmission of logical information, proof of its truth, and often – novelty and value.
Transmission of information within the scientific style requires a special structural organization text, compliance with certain rules of text composition.
Everyone has it scientific work(articles, monographs) have their own plot. Plot scientific text unusual: the author introduces the reader to the process of searching for truth. The reader must follow his path in order to, after making logical moves, come to the desired conclusion. The author models the situation, presenting the process of searching for truth in the most optimal, in his opinion, version.
The structure of a scientific style text is usually multidimensional and multi-level. However, this does not mean that all texts have the same degree of structural complexity. They can be completely different in purely physical design (for example, monograph, article, abstract). Nevertheless, composition any scientific text reflects the sequence of phases scientific research:
· awareness of the problem and goal setting - “introduction”,
· searching for ways to solve a problem, studying possible options, putting forward a hypothesis and proving it is the “main part”,
· solving a research problem, obtaining an answer – “conclusion”.
The following can be distinguished main features language of science:
· objectivity,
· accuracy,
· impersonal manner of narration.
Objectivity implies that the information does not depend on the whim of a particular person and is not the result of his feelings and emotions. In the text of a scientific work, it manifests itself 1) in the presence of some mandatory components of content, 2) in form - the manner of narration.
One of the main ways to create an effect objectivity of content(1) is a reference to scientific tradition, i.e. an indication of reference to a given object of study, problem, task, etc. other scientists. In large works (monographs, dissertations, course and diploma projects) it can take the form of an extensive, scrupulous review, occupying one or several paragraphs or chapters. In small works (articles, abstracts) it is often limited to a list of names of scientists who dealt with a given problem (such lists are most often compiled alphabetically; the sequence of names can also be determined by the chronological principle and taking into account the significance of the work).
"Objectivity of form"(2) scientific style involves the rejection of linguistic means that are in one way or another connected with the transmission of emotions:
· interjections and particles that convey emotions and feelings are not used;
· Emotionally charged vocabulary and expressive sentence models (such as “What a delight these fairy tales are!”);
Preference is given to direct word order;
· exclamation intonation is not typical,
· Interrogative question is used to a limited extent.
Accuracy V scientific style implies 1) clarity and completeness of presentation when considering any problem, both in terms of content and in terms of expression, 2) compliance principle of continuity: V scientific works Usually the titles of works on the issue under consideration are mentioned (bibliographical references in the text, bibliographical lists at the end of the work or at the end of sections), and citations are given.
Ignoring the principle of continuity creates a negative impression on the reader. IN best case scenario this can be regarded as negligence, at worst – as plagiarism, i.e. appropriation of the results of someone else's intellectual work.
Impersonal manner of narration manifests itself primarily in the peculiarities of the use of language units at the morphological and syntactic levels of the language (for example, refusal of the pronoun I and replacing it with We).