First reading mistakes. Education with words Literature also needs talented readers

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Job source: Solution 5750. Unified State Exam 2017. Russian language. I.P. Tsybulko. 36 options.

Task 15. Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) Literature needs both talented writers and talented readers.

2) During a test lesson or oral exam, strive to construct your answer in the form of a coherent statement.

3) On the first snow in aspen and birch groves, you come across hare and squirrel tracks.

4) Due to circumstances after the revolution, Kuprin found himself in exile and for almost twenty years the writer passionately sought to return to Russia.

5) The forest and field and flowering meadow are flooded with sun.

Solution.

In this task you need to put commas in a complex sentence or with homogeneous sentences.

1. Let’s determine the number of grammatical bases in these sentences: a simple sentence or a complex one.

1) Literature needs both talented writers and talented readers. Simple.

2) During a test lesson or oral exam, strive to construct your answer in the form of a coherent statement. Simple.

3) On the first snow in aspen and birch groves, you come across hare and squirrel tracks. Simple.

4) Due to circumstances after the revolution, Kuprin found himself in exile and for almost twenty years the writer passionately sought to return to Russia. Complex.

5) The forest and field and flowering meadow are flooded with sun. Simple.

2. Let's determine the placement of commas in complex sentences. Rule: comma at the boundary of parts complex sentence is put in case simple sentences do not have a common minor member.

4) Due to circumstances after the revolution, Kuprin found himself in exile (,) and for almost twenty years writer passionately strived return to Russia. Complex, there is no common minor member, a comma is needed. ONE comma.

3. Let's determine the placement of commas in simple sentences. Rule: one comma is placed before the second homogeneous member in the absence of conjunctions, before a single adversative conjunction or before the second part of a complex conjunction (both ... and etc.).

1) Literature needs both talented writers (,) and talented readers. – Homogeneous subjects are connected by a complex conjunction “both ... and ...” (both writers and readers). ONE comma.

2) During a test lesson or oral exam, strive to construct your answer in the form of a coherent statement. Homogeneous circumstances are connected by the conjunction “or” (in a test lesson or exam). No comma needed.

3) On the first snow in aspen and birch groves, you come across hare and squirrel tracks. Homogeneous definitions relating to the word “groves” are connected by the conjunction “and” (aspen and birch), homogeneous definitions relating to the word “traces” are connected by the conjunction “and” (hare and squirrel). The pairs are not homogeneous among themselves. No comma needed.

A talented reader is not someone who reads a lot. And not even the one who prefers scientific literature to popular literature. A talented reader is a person who knows how to appreciate fiction and poetry.

Formation of literary preferences

In Gogol's famous poem there is a character who shows an extraordinary love for books. But the author notes that he likes to read not because he appreciates literary works, and out of love, put letters into words, and words into sentences. The author described the passion of this hero not without sarcasm. IN real life If such individuals occur, it is very rare.

A talented reader is a person who enjoys reading a book, but does not forget its content immediately after reading it. Literature is a source of spiritual, moral and intellectual enrichment. You need to be able to read. And those who have mastered this art will not be carried away by works of art haphazardly. Consequently, a talented reader is a lover of prose and poetry who has formed his own literary preferences.

The phrase, the meaning of which is revealed in this article, can be used in relation to a person who has studied more than one work by a Russian or foreign writer. But, unlike Gogol’s hero, he learned to analyze what he read.

Love of books

The character discussed above is Petrushka, the lackey of the scoundrel Chichikov. The phrase “talented reader” does not apply to this. A synonym for this concept is a thoughtful person. Parsley does not find it difficult to understand the contents of books. He takes up reading the primer, prayer book and French novel. But who is a talented reader? A synonym for this concept is man, knowledgeable in literature. Someone who does not read indiscriminately, but knows how to choose from the diverse book world what is really interesting and necessary for him.

Must-read books

IN school curriculum It’s not for nothing that works by Russians and foreign classics. To develop a literary taste, you should read more than one book. Only after studying a certain number of works does one become able to evaluate the quality of a particular work.

How to learn to read?

Literary taste can be compared to an ear for music. One reader derives pleasure exclusively from reading quality literature. Others are only interested in an exciting plot. A mediocre reader is unable to appreciate artistic media, which the author uses. inaccessible to him main idea works. It can be compared to a person whose “bear stepped on his ear.” With someone who does not distinguish harmony from disharmony. But unlike musical ear, literary taste is not innate. It can be purchased.

So, what is the meaning of the phrase “talented reader”? Who is this? A person who has read the novels of Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Bunin's stories and Pushkin's stories? The school minimum involves studying the books of the great classics. For a successful passing the Unified State Exam Students read works that are included in the list of required literature. The Zetas are analyzed, essays are written on them. However, after graduating from school, not everyone enjoys reading. Consequently, the concept of “talented reader” is not applicable to every person who has studied the school minimum.

Sentence by sentence, page by page... And a whole world is born in the reader’s imagination artistic images. He immerses himself in it, living the lives of the heroes and empathizing with them. This state is familiar to a person who can be given such a title as “talented reader.” The meaning of this concept is more complex than it might seem at first glance. A reader can be called talented if he has a rich imagination, has read dozens of books behind him, and knows how to distinguish classics from “reading material.” The ability to understand and analyze the great comes with experience. Let's consider the abilities of a thoughtful reader using the example of a well-known novel.

Example: “The Master and Margarita”

The novel won the love of millions of readers. What is unique about this work? Why is it of interest to people of different ages and levels of education? In adolescence, the reader becomes acquainted with Bulgakov’s work, and is fascinated by the mysticism of the plot. With purchase life experience he is able to appreciate Bulgakov’s sparkling humor. But only a truly talented reader can access the deep philosophical idea of ​​this work.

The idea of ​​the novel is based on biblical story. Only a deep, thinking person can appreciate the wisdom of Yeshua’s words. Bulgakov's hero speaks of cowardice as the most terrible vice. He hints at the unreliability of Matvey's notes. Usage evangelical motives allows the author to express his moral position and original views on the history of Christianity. The reader for whom this book was one of the first cannot understand the idea of ​​the novel. To analyze the work, you should read many critical articles, biographical works about the writer. Therefore, reading books does not mean understanding their content. To understand the term “talented reader,” one more example from the literature should be given.

"Crime and Punishment"

Dostoevsky's book is called a model crime novel. This work, indeed, has all the signs of the detective genre. But the word “punishment” here does not have a legal connotation. More like Christian. Raskolnikov breaks one of the commandments. He operates according to the anti-human theory. And this almost leads him to moral ruin. His faith saves him.

It is difficult to understand the depth of Dostoevsky's novel as a teenager. A talented reader can perhaps be called a person who, after graduating from school, returns to his works. classical literature, among which one of the most important is “Crime and Punishment”, in order to look at the experiences of the heroes from the height of life and reading experience.

Critic or reader?

Is there a difference between these concepts? A critic is more than a talented reader. The use of this concept in speech is quite common. A critic is a specialist who analyzes works of art and does it professionally. The reader is the one who enjoys getting to know artistic world writer. The assessment of professional critics is more objective. Their articles are published in literature textbooks. The names of the best of them go down in the history of literature. But it is worth remembering that neither prose nor poetry can exist without a grateful reader. The writer does not create his books for famous critics. Its audience is talented readers.

Place punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.

1) Literature needs both talented writers and talented readers.

2) During a test lesson or oral exam, strive to construct your answer in the form of a coherent statement.

3) On the first snow in aspen and birch groves, you come across hare and squirrel tracks.

4) The forest and field and flowering meadow are flooded with sun.

5) The girl was overcome, if not with annoyance, then with obvious dissatisfaction with herself.

Explanation (see also Rule below).

Let's give the correct spelling.

1) Literature needs both talented writers and talented readers.

2) During a test lesson or oral exam, strive to construct your answer in the form of a coherent statement.

3) On the first snow in aspen and birch groves, you come across hare and squirrel tracks.

4) The forest, the field, and the flowering meadow are flooded with sun.

5) The girl was overcome, if not with annoyance, then with obvious dissatisfaction with herself.

One comma is needed:

in the first and 5 sentences: their homogeneous members are connected using double conjunctions

Answer: 1 and 5

Answer: 15|51

Relevance: 2016-2017

Difficulty: normal

Codifier section: Punctuation marks in BSC and sentences with homogeneous members

Rule: Task 16. Punctuation marks in BSC and in sentences with homogeneous members

PUNCTUATION MARKS IN COMPLEX SENTENCES AND IN SENTENCES WITH HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS

This task tests knowledge of two punctograms:

1. Commas in a simple sentence with homogeneous members.

2. Commas in a complex sentence, the parts of which are connected by coordinating conjunctions, in particular, the conjunction I.

Target: Find TWO sentences that require ONE comma in each. Not two, not three (but this happens!) commas, but one. In this case, you need to indicate the numbers of those sentences where the missing comma was PUT, since there are cases when the sentence already has a comma, for example, in an adverbial phrase. We don't count it.

You should not look for commas in various phrases, introductory words and in the IPP: according to the specification in this task, only the three indicated punctograms are checked. If the sentence requires commas for other rules, they will already be placed

The correct answer will be two numbers, from 1 to 5, in any sequence, without commas or spaces, for example: 15, 12, 34.

Legend:

OC - ​​homogeneous members.

SSP is a compound sentence.

The algorithm for completing the task should be like this:

1. Determine the number of bases.

2. If the sentence is simple, then we find ALL rows in it homogeneous members and turn to the rule.

3. If there are two basics, then this is a complex sentence, and each part is considered separately (see point 2).

Do not forget that homogeneous subjects and predicates create NOT a complex, but a simple complicated sentence.

15.1 PUNCTION MARKS FOR HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS

Homogeneous members of a sentence are those members that answer the same question and relate to the same member of the sentence. Homogeneous members of a sentence (both main and secondary) are always connected by a coordinating connection, with or without a conjunction.

For example: In “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson,” S. Aksakov describes with truly poetic inspiration both summer and winter pictures of Russian nature.

In this sentence there is one row of meanings, these are two homogeneous definitions.

One sentence can have several rows of homogeneous members. Yes, in a sentence Soon a heavy downpour hit and covered with the noise of rain streams and gusts of wind, and the groans of the pine forest two rows: two predicates, hit and covered; two additions, gusts and groans.

note: Each row of OCs has its own punctuation rules.

Let's look at various sentence patterns with OP and formulate the rules for placing commas.

15.1.1. A series of homogeneous members connected ONLY by intonation, without conjunctions.

General scheme: OOO .

Rule: if two or more words are connected only by intonation, a comma is placed between them.

Example: yellow, green, red apples.

15.1.2 Two homogeneous members are connected by the union AND, YES (in the meaning of AND), EITHER, OR

General scheme: O and/yes/either/or O .

Rule: if two words are connected by a single conjunction I/DA, no comma is placed between them.

Example 1: The still life depicts yellow and red apples.

Example 2: Everywhere she was greeted cheerfully and friendly.

Example 3: Only you and I will stay in this house.

Example 4: I will cook rice with vegetables or pilaf.

15.1.3 The last OC is joined by the union I.

General scheme: O, O and O.

Rule: If the last homogeneous member is joined by a conjunction and, then a comma is not placed in front of it.

Example: The still life depicts yellow, green and red apples.

15.1.4. There are more than two homogeneous members and a union AND repeated at least twice

Rule: For various combinations of union (clause 15.1.2) and non-union (clause 15.1.1) combinations of homogeneous members of a sentence, the rule is observed: if there are more than two homogeneous members and the union AND is repeated at least twice, then a comma is placed between all homogeneous terms

General scheme: Oh, and Oh, and Oh.

General scheme: and O, and O, and O.

Example 1: The still life depicts yellow, and green, and red apples.

Example 2: The still life depicts and yellow, and green, and red apples.

More complex examples:

Example 3: From the house, from the trees, and from the dovecote, and from the gallery- Long shadows ran far away from everything.

Two unions and, four och. Comma between och.

Example 4: It was sad in the spring air, and in the darkening sky, and in the carriage. Three unions and, three och. Comma between och.

Example 5: Houses and trees and sidewalks were covered with snow. Two unions and, three och. Comma between och.

Please note that there is no comma after the last och, because this is not between the och, but after it.

It is this scheme that is often perceived as erroneous and non-existent; keep this in mind when completing the task.

note: This rule only works if the conjunction AND is repeated in one row, and not in the entire sentence.

Let's look at examples.

Example 1: In the evenings they gathered around the table children and adults and read it aloud. How many rows? Two: children and adults; gathered and read. The conjunction is not repeated in each row, it is used once. Therefore, commas are NOT placed according to rule 15.1.2.

Example 2: In the evening Vadim went to his room and sat down reread letter and write a response. Two rows: left and sat down; I sat down (why? for what purpose?) to re-read and write.

15.1.5 Homogeneous members are connected by the union A, BUT, YES (= but)

Scheme: O, a/no/da O

Rule: If there is a conjunction A, BUT, YES (= but), commas are added.

Example 1: The student writes quickly but sloppily.

Example 2: The baby no longer whimpered, but cried bitterly.

Example 3: Small spool but precious .

15.1.6 With homogeneous members, conjunctions are repeated NO NO; NOT THIS, NOT THAT; THAT, THAT; OR EITHER; OR OR

Scheme: O, or O, or O

Rule: when repeating other conjunctions (except I) twice, neither, nor; not this, not that; this, that; or either; or, or a comma is always used:

Example 1: And the old man walked around the room and either hummed psalms in a low voice or impressively lectured his daughter.

Please note that the sentence also contains homogeneous circumstances and additions, but we do not highlight them for a clearer picture.

There is no comma after the predicate “paced”! But if instead of the union AND THEN, AND THEN there was simply AND, there would be three whole commas (according to rule 15.1.4)

15.1.7. With homogeneous members there are double unions.

Rule: In double conjunctions, a comma is placed before the second part. These are unions of both... and; not only but; not so much... but; how much... so much; although and... but; if not... then; not that... but; not that... but; not only not, but rather... than others.

Examples: I have an errand How from the judge So equals And from all our friends.

Green was Not only a magnificent landscape painter and master of plot, But It was still And a very subtle psychologist.

Mother not really angry, But I was still unhappy.

There are fogs in London if not every day , That every other day for sure.

He was not so much disappointed , How many surprised by the current situation.

Please note that each part of a double conjunction is BEFORE OC, which is very important to take into account when completing task 7 (type “error on homogeneous members”), we have already encountered these conjunctions.

15.1.8. Often homogeneous members are connected in pairs

General scheme: Scheme: O and O, O and O

Rule: When combining minor members of a sentence in pairs, a comma is placed between the pairs (the union AND acts locally, only within groups):

Example1: Alleys planted with lilacs and lindens, elms and poplars led to a wooden stage.

Example 2: The songs were different: about joy and sorrow, the day that has passed and the day to come.

Example 3: Geography books and tourist guides, friends and casual acquaintances told us that Ropotamo is one of the most beautiful and wild corners of Bulgaria.

15.1.9. They are not homogeneous, therefore they are not separated by commas:

A number of repetitions that have an intensifying connotation are not homogeneous members.

And it snowed and snowed.

Simple complicated predicates are also not homogeneous

That's what he said, I'll go check it out.

Phraseologisms with repeating conjunctions are not homogeneous members

Neither this nor that, neither fish nor meat; neither light nor dawn; neither day nor night

If the offer contains heterogeneous definitions, which stand before the word being explained and characterize one object from different sides, it is impossible to insert a conjunction between them and.

A sleepy golden bumblebee suddenly rose from the depths of the flower.

15.2. PUNCTUATION MARKS IN COMPLEX SENTENCES

Complex sentences are complex sentences in which simple sentences are equal in meaning and are connected by coordinating conjunctions. The parts of a complex sentence are independent of each other and form one semantic whole.

Example: Three times he wintered in Mirny, and each time returning home seemed to him the limit of human happiness.

Depending on the type of coordinating conjunction that connects the parts of the sentence, all complex sentences (CCS) are divided into three main categories:

1) SSP with connecting conjunctions (and; yes in the meaning and; neither..., nor; also; also; not only..., but also; both..., and);

2) BSC with dividing conjunctions (that..., that; not that..., not that; or; either; either..., or);

3) SSP with adversative conjunctions (a, but, yes in the meaning but, however, but, but then, only, the same).

15.2.1 The basic rule for placing a comma in the BSC.

A comma between parts of a complex sentence is placed according to the basic rule, that is, ALWAYS, with the exception of special conditions, which limit the application of this rule. These conditions are discussed in the second part of the rule. In any case, to determine whether a sentence is complex, you need to find its grammatical basis. What to consider when doing this:

a) Not always every simple sentence can have both a subject and a predicate. So, the frequency of sentences with one impersonal part, with a predicate in vague personal proposal. For example: He had a lot of work ahead of him, and he knew it.

Scheme: [is coming], and [he knew].

The doorbell rang and no one moved.

Scheme: [they called], and [no one moved].

b) The subject can be expressed by pronouns, both personal and other categories: I suddenly heard a painfully familiar voice, and it brought me back to life.

Scheme: [I heard], and [it returned]. Don't lose a pronoun as a subject if it duplicates the subject from the first part! These are two sentences, each with its own basis, for example: The artist was well acquainted with all the guests, and he was a little surprised to see a face unfamiliar to him.

Scheme: [The artist was familiar], and [he was surprised]. Let's compare with a similar construction in a simple sentence: The artist was well acquainted with all the guests and was a little surprised to see a face unfamiliar to him.[O Skaz and O Skaz].

c) Since a complex sentence consists of two simple ones, it is quite likely that each of them can have homogeneous members in its composition. Commas are placed both according to the rule of homogeneous members and according to the rule of complex sentences. For example: Leaves crimson, gold They fell quietly to the ground, and the wind circled them in the air and threw them up. Sentence pattern: [Leaves fell], and [wind O Skaz and O Skaz].

15.2.2 Special conditions for placing signs in a complex sentence

IN school course in the Russian language, the only condition under which a comma is not placed between parts of a complex sentence is the presence common minor member.

The most difficult thing for students is to understand whether there is common minor clause, which will give the right not to put a comma between parts, or there is none. General means that it relates simultaneously to both the first part and the second. If there is a common member, a comma is not placed between the parts of the BSC. If it exists, then in the second part there cannot be a similar minor member, there is only one, it stands at the very beginning of the sentence. Let's consider simple cases:

Example 1: A year later, my daughter went to school and my mother was able to go to work..

Both simple sentences can equally qualify for the time adverbial “in a year.” What's happened in a year? My daughter went to school. Mom was able to go to work.

Moving the common member to the end of the sentence changes the meaning: My daughter went to school, and my mother was able to go to work a year later. And now this minor member is no longer general, but relates only to the second simple sentence. That is why it is so important for us, firstly, the place of the common member, just the beginning of a sentence , and secondly, general meaning offers.

Example 2:By evening the wind died down and it started to freeze. What happened By the evening? The wind died down. It started to freeze.

Now more complex example 1: On the outskirts of the city the snow had already begun to melt, and it was already quite a spring picture here. There are two circumstances in the sentence, each simple has its own. That's why comma added. There is no common minor member. Thus, the presence of a second minor member of the same type (place, time, purpose) in the second sentence gives the right to insert a comma.

Example 2: By nightfall, my mother’s temperature rose even more, and we did not sleep all night. There is no reason to attribute the adverbial “to the night” to the second part of a complex sentence, therefore a comma is placed.

It should be noted that there are other cases in which a comma is not placed between parts of a complex sentence. These include the presence of a common introductory word, a common subordinate clause, as well as two sentences that are indefinitely personal, impersonal, identical in structure, and exclamatory. But these cases were not included in the Unified State Examination tasks, and they are not presented in manuals and are not studied in the school course.

Guest 20.10.2013 17:03

Why do you need to put a comma after the word LES?

Tatiana Statsenko

Because the conjunction AND is repeated, connects homogeneous subjects. When we have a repeated conjunction AND in a sentence, a comma is placed before the first “AND”

Samuel Marshak(1887 - 1964) - author of famous children's books and no less famous translations. His first teacher was archivist and art historian Vladimir Stasov, to whom Marshak addressed “Dear Grandfather” in his early letters. The young poet was patronized by and, and he himself youth helped children: participated in organizing assistance to young orphans and refugees - victims of the First World War; in 1917 he organized and headed the "Children's Town" - a complex of children's institutions (library, school and creative workshops), which included one of the first Soviet theaters young viewer.

Marshak was not only a practitioner, but also a theorist. He spoke a lot about the importance of poetry, the theory of translation and his author's observations on literary process. He combined most of his articles and notes on literature into the collection “Education with Words,” published in 1961.

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