On October 30 (November 11, new style), 1821, the most famous Russian writer, F. M. Dostoevsky, was born. The childhood of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky passed in big family, who belonged to the noble class. He was the second of seven children. The father of the family, Mikhail Andreevich Dostoevsky, worked in a hospital for the poor. Mother - Maria Fedorovna Dostoevskaya (maiden name - Nechaeva) came from a merchant family. When Fedor was 16 years old, his mother suddenly dies. The father is forced to send his older sons to K.F. Kostomarov's boarding school. From this moment on, the brothers Mikhail and Fyodor Dostoevsky settled in St. Petersburg.
Life and work of the writer by dates
1837
This date in Dostoevsky’s biography was very difficult. The mother dies, Pushkin, whose work plays a very important role in the fate of both brothers at that time, dies in a duel. In the same year, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky moved to St. Petersburg and entered the military engineering school. Two years later, the writer's father is killed by serfs. In 1843, the author took on the translation and publication of Balzac’s work, “Eugenie Grande.”
During his studies, Dostoevsky often read the works of both foreign poets - Homer, Corneille, Balzac, Hugo, Goethe, Hoffmann, Schiller, Shakespeare, Byron, and Russians - Derzhavin, Lermontov, Gogol and, of course, Pushkin.
1844
This year can be considered the beginning of numerous stages in Dostoevsky’s work. It was in this year that Fyodor Mikhailovich wrote his first work, “Poor People” (1844-1845), which, upon release, immediately brought fame to the author. Dostoevsky's novel "Poor People" was highly appreciated by V. Belinsky and Nikolai Nekrasov. However, if the content of the novel “Poor People” was well received by the public, then the very next work encounters misunderstanding. The story “The Double” (1845-1846) does not evoke absolutely any emotions, and is even criticized.
In January-February 1846, Dostoevsky met Ivan Goncharov in the literary salon of the critic N. A. Maikov.
1849
December 22, 1849 – a turning point in life 
Dostoevsky, because he is sentenced to execution this year. The author is brought to trial in the “Petrashevsky case”, and on December 22 the court pronounces a verdict on death penalty. Much appears in a new light for the writer, but in last moment, just before the execution, the sentence is changed to a more lenient one - hard labor. Dostoevsky tries to put almost all his feelings into the monologue of Prince Myshkin from the novel “The Idiot”.
By the way, Grigoriev, also sentenced to death, cannot stand it psychological stress, and goes crazy.
1850 – 1854
During this period, Dostoevsky's work subsided due to the fact that the writer was serving his sentence in exile in Omsk. Immediately after serving his term, in 1854, Dostoevsky was sent to the seventh linear Siberian battalion as an ordinary soldier. Here he meets Chokan Valikhanov (a famous Kazakh traveler and ethnographer) and Maria Dmitrievna Isaeva (the wife of a former official on special assignments), with whom he begins an affair.
1857
After the death of Maria Dmitrievna's husband, Dostoevsky marries her. 
During the period of stay in hard labor and during military service the writer greatly changes his worldview. Early creativity Dostoevsky was not subject to any dogmas or rigid ideals; after the events that occurred, the author becomes extremely pious and acquires his life ideal - Christ. In 1859, Dostoevsky, together with his wife and adopted son Pavel, left his place of service - the city of Semipalatinsk, and moved to St. Petersburg. He remains under unofficial surveillance.
1860 – 1866
Together with his brother Mikhail, he works in the magazine “Time”, then in the magazine “Epoch”. During the same period, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky wrote “Notes from the House of the Dead”, “Notes from the Underground”, “Humiliated and Insulted”, “Winter Notes on Summer Impressions”. In 1864, Dostoevsky's brother Mikhail and his wife died. He often loses at roulette and gets into debt. 
The money runs out very quickly and the writer is going through a difficult period. At this time, Dostoevsky was composing the novel Crime and Punishment, which he wrote one chapter at a time and immediately sent to the magazine set. In order not to lose the rights to his own works (in favor of the publisher F. T. Stellovsky), Fyodor Mikhailovich is forced to write the novel “The Player”. However, he does not have enough strength for this, and he is forced to hire stenographer Anna Grigorievna Snitkina. By the way, the novel “The Gambler” was written in exactly 21 days in 1866. In 1867, Snitkina-Dostoevskaya accompanies the writer abroad, where he goes so as not to lose all the money received for the novel Crime and Punishment. The wife keeps a diary about their journey together and helps organize it financial well-being, shouldering all economic issues.
Last years of life. Death and legacy
This last period in Dostoevsky's life there is a lot of 
fruitful for his work. From this year, Dostoevsky and his wife settled in the city of Staraya Russa, located in the Novgorod province. In the same year, Dostoevsky wrote the novel “Demons.” A year later, “The Diary of a Writer” appeared, in 1875 – the novel “Teenager”, 1876 – the story “Meek”. In 1878, a significant event took place in Dostoevsky’s life; Emperor Alexander II invited him to his place and introduced him to his family. Over the last two years of his life (1879-1880), the writer created one of his best and most important works - the novel The Brothers Karamazov.
On January 28 (new style - February 9), 1881, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky dies due to a sharp exacerbation of emphysema. This happened after a scandal with the writer’s sister, Vera Mikhailovna, who asked her brother to give up his inheritance - an estate inherited from his aunt A.F. Kumanina.
The eventful biography of Fyodor Dostoevsky shows that the author received recognition during his lifetime. 
However, his works achieved their greatest success after his death. Even the great Friedrich Nietzsche admitted that Dostoevsky was the only psychological author who became partly his teacher. The Dostoevsky Museum was opened in St. Petersburg in the building in which the writer’s apartment was located. Analysis of Dostoevsky's works has been carried out by many critical writers. As a result, Fyodor Mikhailovich was recognized as one of the greatest Russian philosophical writers who touched on the most pressing issues of life.
Chronological table
Other biography options
- Vladimir Ilyich Lenin called Dostoevsky “the most nasty” because of his attitude towards the “lawless” revolutionaries. It was them that Fyodor Mikhailovich depicted in his famous novel“Demons,” calling them demons and swindlers.
- During a short stay in Tobolsk, on the way to hard labor in Omsk, Dostoevsky was given the Gospel. All the time in exile he read this book and did not part with it until the end of his life.
- The writer's life was overshadowed by a constant lack of money, illness, caring for a large family and growing debts. Fyodor Dostoevsky wrote almost all his life on credit, that is, on an advance taken from the publisher. In such conditions, the writer did not always have enough time to develop and hone his works.
- Dostoevsky was very fond of St. Petersburg, which he showed in many of his works. Sometimes there are even accurate descriptions of places in this city. For example, in his novel Crime and Punishment, Raskolnikov hid the murder weapon in one of the courtyards, which actually exists in St. Petersburg.
Born on October 30 (November 11, new year) in Moscow in the family of the staff doctor of the Mariinsky Hospital for the Poor. Father, Mikhail Andreevich, nobleman; mother, Maria Feodorovna, from an old Moscow merchant family.
He received an excellent education at the private boarding school of L. Chermak - one of the best in Moscow. The family loved to read, they subscribed to the magazine “Library for Reading”, which made it possible to get acquainted with the latest foreign literature. Of the Russian authors, they loved Karamzin, Zhukovsky, and Pushkin. The mother, a religious nature, introduced the children to the Gospel from a young age and took them on pilgrimages to the Trinity-Sergius Lavra.
Having had a hard time surviving the death of his mother (1837), Dostoevsky, by decision of his father, entered the St. Petersburg Military Engineering School - one of the best educational institutions that time. New life was given to him with great effort, nerves, and ambition. But there was another life - internal, hidden, unknown to others.
In 1839, his father unexpectedly died. This news shocked Dostoevsky and provoked a severe nervous attack - a harbinger of future epilepsy, to which he had a hereditary predisposition.
He graduated from college in 1843 and was enlisted in the drafting department of the engineering department. A year later he retired, convinced that his calling was literature.
Dostoevsky's first novel, Poor People, was written in 1845 and published by Nekrasov in the Petersburg Collection (1846). Belinsky proclaimed "the emergence... of an extraordinary talent...".
Belinsky rated the stories “The Double” (1846) and “The Mistress” (1847) lower, noting the lengthiness of the narrative, but Dostoevsky continued to write in his own way, disagreeing with the critic’s assessment.
Later "White Nights" (1848) and "Netochka Nezvanova" (1849) were published, which revealed features of Dostoevsky's realism that distinguished him from among writers " natural school": in-depth psychologism, exclusivity of characters and situations.
Successfully started literary activity ends tragically. Dostoevsky was one of the members of the Petrashevsky circle, which united adherents of the French utopian socialism(Fourier, Saint-Simon). In 1849, for participating in this circle, the writer was arrested and sentenced to death, which was later replaced by four years of hard labor and settlement in Siberia.
After the death of Nicholas I and the beginning of the liberal reign of Alexander II, the fate of Dostoevsky, like many political criminals, was softened. His noble rights were returned to him, and in 1859 he retired with the rank of second lieutenant (in 1849, standing at the scaffold, he heard a rescript: “... a retired lieutenant... to hard labor in fortresses for... 4 years, and then private").
In 1859 Dostoevsky received permission to live in Tver, then in St. Petersburg. At this time, he published the stories "Uncle's Dream", "The Village of Stepanchikovo and Its Inhabitants" (1859), and the novel "The Humiliated and Insulted" (1861). Almost ten years of physical and moral torment sharpened Dostoevsky's sensitivity to human suffering, intensifying his intense search for social justice. These years became for him years of spiritual turning point, the collapse of socialist illusions, and growing contradictions in his worldview. He actively participated in public life Russia, opposed the revolutionary democratic program of Chernyshevsky and Dobrolyubov, rejecting the theory of “art for art’s sake,” arguing social value art.
After hard labor, "Notes from House of the Dead". The writer spent the summer months of 1862 and 1863 abroad, visiting Germany, England, France, Italy and other countries. He believed that historical path which Europe passed after french revolution 1789 would have been disastrous for Russia, as would have been the introduction of new bourgeois relations, negative traits which shocked him during his trips around Western Europe. Russia’s special, original path to “earthly paradise” was Dostoevsky’s socio-political program in the early 1860s.
In 1864, “Notes from the Underground” was written, an important work for understanding the writer’s changed worldview. In 1865, while abroad, in the resort of Wiesbaden, to improve his health, the writer began work on the novel Crime and Punishment (1866), which reflected the entire complex path of his internal quest.
In 1867, Dostoevsky married Anna Grigorievna Snitkina, his stenographer, who became a close and devoted friend to him.
Soon they went abroad: they lived in Germany, Switzerland, Italy (1867 - 71). During these years, the writer worked on the novels “The Idiot” (1868) and “Demons” (1870 - 71), which he finished in Russia. In May 1872, the Dostoevskys left St. Petersburg for the summer for Staraya Rusa, where they subsequently bought a modest dacha and lived here with their two children even in winter. The novels "The Teenager" (1874 - 75) and "The Brothers Karamazov" (1880) were written almost entirely in Staraya Russa.
Since 1873, the writer became the executive editor of the magazine "Citizen", on the pages of which he began to publish "The Diary of a Writer", which at that time was a life teacher for thousands of Russian people.
At the end of May 1880, Dostoevsky came to Moscow for the opening of the monument to A. Pushkin (June 6, on the birthday of the great poet), where all of Moscow gathered. Turgenev, Maikov, Grigorovich and other Russian writers were here. Dostoevsky's speech was called by Aksakov "a brilliant, historical event."
The writer's health deteriorated, and on January 28 (February 9, n.s.) 1881, Dostoevsky died in St. Petersburg. He was buried in the cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky is a famous Russian writer and thinker. Born on October 30, 1821 in Moscow. At the age of sixteen he moved to St. Petersburg, entered the Main Engineering School, where he became interested in literature and tried himself as a writer. Already at the age of twenty-two he published his first work. After graduating from college, he worked as a field engineer-second lieutenant in the St. Petersburg engineering team. After serving for only a year, the future writer decided to devote himself entirely to literature.
Dostoevsky's first publication was a translation of Balzac's story "Eugene Grande". At the same time, Fyodor Mikhailovich began work on own novel"Poor People", which was published in 1846 and was enthusiastically received by the public. The next year became difficult for the writer - his works encountered misunderstandings from Belinsky, Turgenev and Nekrasov. The acute experience of sharp criticism of the writer’s works, poverty, which forced him to take on any work, affected Dostoevsky’s health - he began to show the first signs of epilepsy.
Having found friends in the literary and philosophical circle of the Beketov brothers, Dostoevsky attends meetings organized by Butashevich-Petrashevsky and takes part in the creation of a secret printing house for printing and distributing revolutionary appeals. In 1849, the writer was arrested for participating in revolutionary activities and was sentenced to death on charges of failure to inform about the distribution of Belinsky’s letter to Gogol. At the last moment, by decree of the emperor, the execution was replaced by four years of hard labor in Siberia. Dostoevsky subsequently expressed his feelings during the execution in the words of Prince Myshkin in the novel “The Idiot.”
The period of hard labor and military service became a turning point in the writer’s life; it was then that he turned into a deeply religious person and preached Christian values until the end of his life. Despite the hardships, Dostoevsky wrote a lot - then “Uncle’s Dream”, “The Village of Stepanchikovo and Its Inhabitants”, “ Little hero and the widely acclaimed novel Crime and Punishment. At this time, the writer publishes articles, edits, writes works of different formats, and is published in the magazines “Time” and “Epoch”. Soon the novel “Humiliated and Insulted” was published, and a little later - “Notes from a Dead House”. At the same time, Dostoevsky became the ideologist of the Slavophil movement “Pochvennichestvo”. His stay abroad formed in the writer a critical perception of bourgeois values and rejection of the West, which were reflected in the “Diary of a Writer” and a number of articles and notes, including political reviews of Russian and foreign events.
Upon returning to Russia, the writer moved to Moscow and soon lost his wife and brother. A year later, Dostoevsky remarried and went abroad again for several years, where his daughter was born. After his final return to his homeland, Fyodor Mikhailovich settled in the city of Staraya Rusa and the next eight years became the heyday of his creativity. He worked as editor of the newspaper "Citizen", wrote political articles and notes, published the novels "Demons", "Teenager", "Meek" and renewed relations with critics, which led to an increase in popularity among readers. However, true fame came to him after his death. The writer’s work had a great influence on Russian and world cultures— Fyodor Mikhailovich became the most prominent representative of the so-called “reflective” literature; he was a convinced patriot and most of all valued and praised human soul and love, believed in their infinite power and triumph over any violence. This theme can be seen in all his works, where he preaches the ideas of forgiveness and calls for knowledge of God.
IN last years The writer led an active social and literary activity. In 1877, Dostoevsky was elected a corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, and in 1879 he took part in the International Literary Congress in London, where he was elected a member of the honorary committee of the International Literary Association. In 1880 Dostoevsky completed last novel— “The Brothers Karamazov.” In February 1881, Fyodor Mikhailovich died of an epileptic seizure and was buried at the Tikhvin cemetery.
The works of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky in our store can not only be read online, but also purchased in electronic form for your home collection.
Today the world celebrates the birthday of one of greatest writers in the history of mankind. On November 11 (October 30, old style), 1821, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky was born. His “great pentateuch” - “Crime and Punishment”, “The Brothers Karamazov”, “The Idiot”, “The Teenager” and “Demons” - is well known to every educated person.
It is interesting that on the same day, only a century later (1922), the outstanding American classic Kurt Vonnegut was born, who believed that “everything you need to know about life” can be found in The Brothers Karamazov. However literary heritage Fyodor Mikhailovich, of course, is by no means limited to the “Pentateuch”. Less famous works an outstanding researcher of human quirks are an integral part of his work, and in them the reader can learn a lot of new and unexpected things not only about the author and the world around him, but also - as it should be when reading such literature - about himself. The RG website decided to recall several important works from Dostoevsky’s bibliography, which modern readers often unfairly ignore (we also suggest leaving the monumental collection “A Writer’s Diary” outside the brackets - it requires a separate discussion).
1. "Poor People", novel, 1846
Dostoevsky wrote only eight novels, five of which constitute the “Great Pentateuch.” But the remaining three definitely fall into the category of necessary reading. The first work in this genre by Dostoevsky, who was then just becoming an independent author, was written in epistolary form. Dostoevsky is credited with the phrase “we all came out of Gogol’s “The Overcoat.” Be that as it may, the influence of Nikolai Vasilyevich on Fyodor Mikhailovich - especially the early one - is obvious. And the famous figure of the "little man" became main theme in Dostoevsky's first major work. This book, which evokes unprecedented melancholy in the reader, provoked a real stir in 1846 and immediately attracted attention to the young author among writers and publicists. Critics even then noted the “psychological” orientation of Dostoevsky (contrasting it with the “sociality” of Gogol, which, however, is not always fair). But this was just the beginning!
2. “Humiliated and Insulted,” novel, 1861
Dostoevsky wrote his next novel only 15 years later, having already returned from exile. Here the features of the writer’s work that later became known are clearly visible. The terrible anguish that this novel evokes is consonant with the feelings that arise when reading “The Idiot” - and this is each time a very difficult (and useful) psychological and emotional experience. In “The Humiliated and Insulted” there is no such degree of permanent hysteria that Dostoevsky masterfully maintains in “The Idiot,” but the terrible morbidity characteristic of the relationships between the characters in the books of the great psychologist permeates the entire work.
3. "The Gambler", novel, 1866
The third major work not included by critics in the “Pentateuch” is “The Player”. However, it cannot be said that this novel lacks attention from readers. Still, the topic of excitement has always been close and interesting to the Russian public. The history of the creation of the work is anecdotal - “The Gambler” was written by a completely lost Dostoevsky in order to cover his debts. And although it was difficult for the author to hide from the reader that the book was written in a hurry and to fulfill an urgent contract, the description of the psychology of a gambler by the gambler himself, who has the literary gift and insight of Dostoevsky, is a real treasure.
4. “Double”, story, 1846
The early story of the young Dostoevsky was able to arouse approval from Turgenev and Belinsky themselves, and this, of course, at that time was the best pass to the literary environment. Here, Fyodor Mikhailovich’s orientation towards early years on the work of Gogol. Light surrealism, which Dostoevsky did not resort to very often, reveals the dark depths of the fears and ambitions of petty bureaucrats. The grotesque atmosphere and the appropriate ending - it is no coincidence that the story made an impression on the literary elite of his time.
5. "Netochka Nezvanova", story, 1848
One of the strangest and unusual works Dostoevsky was planned as a novel. The result is a story, but despite its unfinished nature, it still makes a colossal impression. With a frankness unprecedented even for Fyodor Mikhailovich, the mechanisms and nature of the “aberrations of consciousness” of the characters are revealed, and the intensity with which they inflict moral injuries on each other cannot but frighten.
6. "White Nights", story, 1848
Another heartbreaking story by the master, distinguished by a sentimentality that is generally uncharacteristic of Fyodor Mikhailovich. Poetic image the dreamer, who by the end of the book discovers stoicism unexpected for such a character, evokes sympathy akin to the disinterested compassion that he himself experiences. The atmosphere of the quiet white nights of imperial St. Petersburg, during which the drama unfolds, has such a bewitching effect that it was filmed short story In the 20th century, several filmmakers took it up. A wonderful film by the outstanding director Luchino Visconti (who, however, moved the scenery to his native Italy) is the best recognition of the story.
7. "Notes from the House of the Dead", story, 1860
The story "Notes from the House of the Dead", which has the features of an autobiography, is an interesting document that describes the life and morals of criminals who Russian Empire exiled to Siberia. The types that the reader learns about from the book were brought by Dostoevsky from exile. Told with the writer’s characteristic love for detail and his insight, the sketches truly cannot be overestimated.
8. "Notes from the Underground", story, 1864
"Notes from the Underground" is one of Dostoevsky's works that you should get acquainted with immediately after reading the "Great Pentateuch." It is not for nothing that this story is called a “prologue” to it and is considered a harbinger of existentialism. The problem of the “underground” into which the reflective St. Petersburg official drives himself remains relevant and understandable to many of our contemporaries. Reflection and inaction as a result of existential despair provoke decadence, and here the danger of a habit of cruelty and full-fledged moral ugliness arises - and, worst of all, the character himself, of course, understands all this perfectly well. The real “Dostoevschina” begins here. Two years later, Crime and Punishment appeared.
9. “Someone else’s wife and husband under the bed,” story, 1860
It is interesting that while writing such a difficult book as “Notes from the House of the Dead,” Fyodor Mikhailovich turned to his early humorous sketches, which resulted in the very funny story “Someone else’s Wife and Husband Under the Bed.” The name itself is typical of vaudeville shows of the time. And vaudeville can be found, frankly speaking, rarely in Dostoevsky’s works. And how can you miss this? The story was not ignored by Soviet filmmakers, who in 1984 filmed its film adaptation with Oleg Tabakov in the title role.
10. "Crocodile", story, 1865
And finally, one cannot help but recall such an unusual story for Dostoevsky as “The Crocodile”. It is not known whether the gloomy surrealist Franz Kafka, who was born two years after the death of the Russian writer, read it, but it is simply impossible not to remember him when reading this story. Just like Gogol’s “Nose,” in imitation of which “Crocodile” was obviously written. And the action of the work is as bizarre as it is simple: an official, swallowed whole by a crocodile and inexplicably left alive, absurdly talks about the career prospects opening up to him thanks to this incident. Here Fyodor Mikhailovich with particular causticity attacks his political opponents from the liberal camp - there is much more malice and bile here than even in his other story of the same direction, “A Bad Anecdote.”
Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky is still a recognizable author of many works. In his creations, he raised many different topics that are still thought about today. Here we will consider his most sensational and popular works, which affected the history of Russian literature.
This novel was first published in Russky Vestnik and caused a strong public reaction. Today, every schoolchild knows about the old woman-pawnbroker and jokes philosophizing “whether he is a trembling creature or one who has the right.” No matter how absurd this theory may seem, there is something to think about and watch how the hero drives himself into a corner with his own beliefs. But, fortunately, themes of love and faith are also raised here. They are the ones who offer a chance for healing. lost soul. The novel seems to shout “everyone who stumbles has a chance,” which undoubtedly encourages and gives hope.
The author polemicizes with the Nietzschean teaching, fashionable among his contemporaries, which became the ideological basis of the worldview of a murderer who wanted to buy with his blood the right to be called a superman. The same German philosopher “buried God,” but the soil scientist Dostoevsky clearly proves that unbelief destroys, but the desire for the heavenly Creator can really help in a difficult situation.
The Idiot (1868)
With each new reading, the novel opens up in a new way. If in youth it is incredibly difficult to understand the suffering altruist Myshkin, then in maturity the reader sees how his image becomes a multifaceted interpretation of Christian doctrine. The hero is still the ideal of decency, morality and spiritual purity. In this work, all the characters are, surprisingly, very colorful and unusual. The same can be said about situations that every time confuse the reader, and he asks the question: “What would I do?” Just look at the scene with the money thrown into the fireplace flame. Good book in order to speculate and philosophize: what would happen if Christ came to Earth again unrecognized? Wouldn't he become just as much of an idiot in our eyes?
The Brothers Karamazov (1880)
This novel is Dostoevsky's most voluminous. In it, he raises many topics that you can and should think about. Such as the dual essence in every person, the combination of “angels” and “demons” in his soul, the theme of sin and mercy. Fyodor Mikhailovich has always been a lover of philosophy and psychology, and this feature of his is clearly expressed here. In addition, the book will appeal to connoisseurs of intrigue and detective stories, because the plot is based on the investigation into the murder of the father of the Karamazov brothers. In each of them lives the devilish spark of the murdered Fedor, a small insect that enslaves human qualities. Trying to destroy it in himself, each of the heroes becomes an unwitting accomplice in the crime, for the root of evil is in that vicious and base old man, from whose death, as in the case of the old money-lender, everyone, it would seem, only benefits.
Humiliated and Offended (1861)
Dostoevsky wrote this work after returning from exile in Siberia. He felt for himself how society treats those whom it has excluded from its respectable life. It became obvious to him that social stratification in the Russian Empire forever fences some people off from others, and the nobles are hopelessly far from the people, who, nevertheless, are driving force countries. We are talking about the “humiliated and insulted,” whose dignity and honor the writer defended and defended. Prince Valkovsky in this work became the first “ideologist” hero in the writer’s work. Sympathy and forgiveness in the work acquired real shapes, and the reader clearly realizes their necessity in everyday life.
Demons (1872)
The novel itself is very difficult. Dostoevsky was one of those writers who could foresee and guess the fate of their homeland. Fyodor Mikhailovich already saw terrorist and radical sentiments, as well as the complete decay of human nature under the influence of destructive ideas. And such sentiments, as a rule, always lead to disaster. The author compares them with those whose name is “Legion”. Having taken possession of people, they turn them into a herd that brings death, despising everything humane, bright and good that makes up the moral character of an individual. The surname of the main character – Stavrogin – comes from the word “Stavros” (“cross”). Nikolai really bears the cross - the burden of his sins, which has become a crucifixion for him.
Chapter 9 from the work is considered the most scandalous passage of everything that Dostoevsky wrote. She even gave some people from the writer’s circle grounds for suspicion of vicious inclinations, which, according to the revelations of his friend, Fyodor Mikhailovich was distinguished by. However, the writer’s widow denied this information.
Player (1866)
This work is very autobiographical in many ways. Everyone knows that Dostoevsky was fond of gambling, squandered everything, even his wife’s shawls. Even though the writer was losing, for some time this did not stop him. This novel was an order from a publishing house, and the “player” needed to write it quickly in order to cover the debts for his hobby. This is probably why the work has such an ironic and iconic name.
Teenager (1875)
A novel about a painful problem - the consequences social inequality in the Russian Empire, namely, about illegitimate children. The nobles often took advantage of the dependent position of peasant women and started extramarital affairs. The fate of such a child was unenviable: he was not a commoner, but he was not a full-fledged landowner either. He was not accepted into his father's family, making every effort to deprive the illegal claimant of his due inheritance. And the applicant himself felt superfluous and alienated in a world where his position was so precarious and shameful. Arkady is a victim of this phenomenon; his character expresses all those painful complexes that formed in illegitimate children.
The village of Stepanchikovo and its inhabitants (1859)
Dostoevsky's humorous story is a work that, contrary to usual, will amuse a person and not sadden him. The plot is based on the marriage of a colonel who cannot settle the dispute with the bride’s fellow villagers and understand what is happening in this place. Hilarious dialogues and comical situations will debunk the reader's stereotype that Fyodor Mikhailovich is an extremely serious writer, tragedian and philosopher, who is not able to take an ironic look at the world in Gogol's way.
Double (1846)
The Tale of little man who passionately desires to transform from humiliated and insulted to respected and loved. However, his manic thirst for recognition cannot be quenched: he is still a petty official whose life will never be different. The impulse towards a dream turns into a clash with reality. The hero rather comically tries to attract the attention of society, but in this laughter lies tragedy.
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