The prototypes of Ranevskaya, according to the author, were Russian ladies who lived idly in Monte Carlo, whom Chekhov observed abroad in 1900 and early 1901: “And what insignificant women... [about a certain lady. - V.K.] “she lives here with nothing to do, just eats and drinks...” How many Russian women die here” (from a letter from O.L. Knipper).
At first, Ranevskaya’s image seems sweet and attractive to us. But then it acquires stereoscopicity and complexity: the lightness of her stormy experiences is revealed, exaggeration in the expression of feelings: “I can’t sit still, I’m not able to. (Jumps up and walks around in great excitement.) I won’t survive this joy... Laugh at me, I’m stupid... The closet is my dear. (Kisses the closet.) My table...” At one time, the literary critic D. N. Ovsyaniko-Kulikovsky even asserted, referring to the behavior of Ranevskaya and Gaev: “The terms “frivolity” and “emptiness” are no longer used here in a common and general way , and in a closer - psychopathological - sense, the behavior of these characters in the play “is incompatible with the concept of a normal, healthy psyche.” But the fact of the matter is that all the characters in Chekhov’s play are normal, ordinary people, only them usual life, everyday life is viewed by the author as if through a magnifying glass.
Ranevskaya, despite the fact that her brother (Leonid Andreevich Gaev) calls her a “vicious woman,” oddly enough, evokes respect and love from all the characters in the play. Even the footman Yasha, as a witness to her Parisian secrets and quite capable of familiar treatment, does not occur to him to be cheeky with her. Culture and intelligence gave Ranevskaya the charm of harmony, sobriety of mind, and subtlety of feelings. She is smart, capable of telling the bitter truth about herself and about others, for example, about Pete Trofimov, to whom she says: “You have to be a man, at your age you have to understand those who love. And you have to love yourself... “I am above love!” You are not above love, but simply, as our Firs says, you are a klutz.”
And yet, there is much that evokes sympathy in Ranevskaya. Despite all her lack of will and sentimentality, she is characterized by a breadth of nature and a capacity for selfless kindness. This attracts Petya Trofimov. And Lopakhin says about her: “She is a good person. An easy, simple person."
Ranevskaya’s double, but a less significant personality, is Gaev in the play; it is no coincidence that in the list of characters he is presented by belonging to his sister: “Ranevskaya’s brother.” And he is sometimes able to say smart things, sometimes be sincere, self-critical. But Gaev’s sister’s shortcomings—frivolity, impracticality, lack of will—become caricatures. Lyubov Andreevna only kisses the closet in a fit of emotion, while Gaev makes a speech in front of him in a “high style.” In his own eyes, he is an aristocrat of the highest circle, Lopakhina does not seem to notice and tries to put “this boor” in his place. But his contempt - the contempt of an aristocrat who ate his fortune "on candy" - is ridiculous.
Gaev is infantile and absurd, for example, in the following scene:
“Firs. Leonid Andreevich, you are not afraid of God! When should you sleep?
Gaev (waves away Firs). So be it, I’ll undress myself.”
Gaev is another version of spiritual degradation, emptiness and vulgarity.
It has been noted more than once in the history of literature, the unwritten “history” of the reader’s perception of Chekhov’s works, that he allegedly experienced a special prejudice towards high society- to noble, aristocratic Russia. These characters - landowners, princes, generals - appear in Chekhov's stories and plays not only empty, colorless, but sometimes stupid and poorly mannered. (A. A. Akhmatova, for example, reproached Chekhov: “And how he described representatives of the upper classes... He didn’t know these people! He didn’t know anyone higher than the assistant station manager... Everything is wrong, wrong!”)
However, it is hardly worth seeing in this fact a certain tendentiousness of Chekhov or his incompetence; the writer had a lot of knowledge of life. It’s not about this, it’s not about social “registration” Chekhov's characters. Chekhov did not idealize representatives of any class, no social group, he was, as you know, outside of politics and ideology, outside of social preferences. All classes “got it” from the writer, and the intelligentsia too: “I don’t believe in our intelligentsia, hypocritical, false, hysterical, ill-mannered, lazy, I don’t believe even when it suffers and complains, because its oppressors come from its own depths.” .
With that high cultural-moral, ethical-aesthetic demands, with that wise humor with which Chekhov approached man in general and his era in particular, social differences lost their meaning. This is the peculiarity of his “funny” and “sad” talent. In The Cherry Orchard itself there are not only no idealized characters, but also certainly goodies(this applies to Lopakhin (“modern” Chekhov’s Russia), and to Anya and Petya Trofimov (Russia of the future).
The play " The Cherry Orchard» - last piece A.P. Chekhov. It is called a play about the decline of noble life and the rise of the imaginary and true masters of Russia.
The scene takes place on the estate main character works by Lyubov Andreevna Ranevskaya. She is one of the representatives of the noble class who were unable to adapt to new living conditions, namely the abolition of serfdom.
Ranevskaya was born and raised in Russia, but after the death of her husband and son she moved to Paris.
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All her important and unforgettable moments of life are connected with her homeland, with the cherry orchard: “...Oh, my childhood, my purity! I slept in this nursery, looked at the garden from here, happiness woke up with me every morning, and then he was exactly the same, nothing has changed. All, all white! Oh, my garden! cold winter again you are young, full of happiness, the heavenly angels have not abandoned you..."
We see that this woman is very simple, but at the same time frivolous. She was used to living in luxury and wasting money by receiving various guests in Paris. The heroine realizes her mistakes, but cannot correct them herself: “...Yesterday there was a lot of money, but today there is very little. My poor Varya, to save money, feeds everyone milk soup, in the kitchen the old people are given one pea, and I spend it somehow senselessly...” Lyubov Andreevna tries to blame all her problems on others.
After an unsuccessful love, she returns to her estate five years later. She has to solve the problem with her debts, because of which the cherry orchard could be sold. To get rid of debts, Lopakhin invites her to cut down the old cherry orchard and hand it over to summer residents, to which she sharply objects: “Cut down? My dear, forgive me, you don’t understand anything. If there is anything interesting, even wonderful, in the entire province, it’s only our cherry orchard...” Although, we see that she doesn’t make any decisions, as if everything will pass and be settled. From such inaction, Ranevskaya loses her estate and goes back to Paris.
As we see, Ranevskaya has been trying to escape from troubles and suffering all her life. She is not ready for sharp turns in her life. The essence of this work is not that Ranevskaya and her family lost their cherry orchard, but that their feelings became crushed.
Updated: 2014-05-13
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Ranevskaya in the system of images of Chekhov's heroines
The play “The Cherry Orchard” became A.P.’s swan song. Chekhov, taking on long years the stage of world theaters. The success of this work was due not only to its themes, which are controversial to this day, but also to the images that Chekhov created. For him, the presence of women in his works was very important: “Without a woman, a story is like a car without steam,” he wrote to one of his friends. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the role of women in society began to change. The image of Ranevskaya in the play “The Cherry Orchard” became a vivid caricature of Anton Pavlovich’s emancipated contemporaries, whom he observed in large quantities in Monte Carlo.
Chekhov carefully worked out each female image: facial expressions, gestures, manners, speech, because through them he conveyed an idea of the character and feelings possessing the heroines. The appearance and name also contributed to this.
The image of Ranevskaya Lyubov Andreevna has become one of the most controversial, and this was largely due to the actresses playing this role. Chekhov himself wrote that: “It’s not difficult to play Ranevskaya, you just need to take the right tone from the very beginning...”.
Her image is complex, but there are no contradictions in it, since she is faithful to her internal logic of behavior.
Ranevskaya's life story
The description and characterization of Ranevskaya in the play “The Cherry Orchard” is given through her story about herself, from the words of other characters and the author’s remarks. Getting to know the central female character begins literally from the first lines, and Ranevskaya’s life story is revealed in the very first act. Lyubov Andreevna returned from Paris, where she lived for five years, and this return was caused by the urgent need to resolve the issue of the fate of the estate, which was put up for auction for debts.
Lyubov Andreevna married “a lawyer at law, a non-nobleman...”, “who only made debts,” and also “drank terribly” and “died from champagne.” Was she happy in this marriage? Unlikely. After the death of her husband, Ranevskaya “unfortunately” fell in love with another. But her passionate romance did not last long. Her young son died tragically, and feeling guilty, Lyubov Andreevna leaves abroad forever. However, her lover followed her “ruthlessly, rudely,” and after several years of painful passions, “he robbed... abandoned, got in touch with someone else,” and she, in turn, tries to poison herself. Seventeen-year-old daughter Anya comes to Paris to pick up her mother. Oddly enough, this young girl partially understands her mother and feels sorry for her. Throughout the play, the daughter's sincere love and affection is visible. Having stayed in Russia for only five months, Ranevskaya, immediately after selling the estate, taking the money intended for Anya, returns to Paris to her lover.
Characteristics of Ranevskaya
On the one hand, Ranevskaya is beautiful woman, educated, with a subtle sense of beauty, kind and generous, who is loved by those around her, but her shortcomings border on vice and therefore are so noticeable. “She's a good person. Easy, simple,” says Lopakhin. He sincerely loves her, but his love is so unobtrusive that no one knows about it. Her brother says almost the same thing: “She is good, kind, nice...” but she is “vicious. You can feel it in her slightest movement.” Absolutely everyone is talking about her inability to manage money. characters, and she herself understands this perfectly: “I have always wasted money without restraint, like crazy...”; “...she has nothing left. And mom doesn’t understand!” says Anya, “My sister is not yet accustomed to wasting money,” Gaev echoes her. Ranevskaya is used to living without denying herself pleasures, and if her family is trying to reduce their expenses, then Lyubov Andreevna simply cannot do it, she is ready to give her last money to a random passer-by, although Varya has nothing to feed her household.
At first glance, Ranevskaya’s experiences are very deep, but if you pay attention to the author’s remarks, it becomes clear that this is only an appearance. For example, while excitedly waiting for her brother to return from the auction, she hums a lezginka song. And this shining example her entire being. She seems to distance herself from unpleasant moments, trying to fill them with actions that can bring positive emotions. The phrase characterizing Ranevskaya from “The Cherry Orchard”: “You shouldn’t deceive yourself, you need to look the truth straight in the eye at least once in your life,” suggests that Lyubov Andreevna is divorced from reality, stuck in her own world.
“Oh, my garden! After a dark, stormy autumn and a cold winter, you are young again, full of happiness, the heavenly angels have not abandoned you...” - with these words Ranevskaya greets the garden after a long separation, a garden without which she “does not understand her life,” with which she is inextricably her childhood and youth are connected. And it seems that Lyubov Andreevna loves her estate and cannot live without it, but she does not try to make any attempts to save it, thereby betraying him. For most of the play, Ranevskaya hopes that the issue with the estate will be resolved by itself, without her participation, although it is her decision that is the main one. Although Lopakhin's proposal is the most real way save him. The merchant has a presentiment of the future, saying that it is quite possible that “the summer resident ... will take up farming, and then your cherry orchard will become happy, rich, luxurious,” because on this moment The garden is in a neglected state, and does not bring any benefit or benefit to its owners.
For Ranevskaya, the cherry orchard meant her inextricable connection with the past and her ancestral attachment to the Motherland. She is a part of him, just as he is a part of her. She realizes that the sale of the garden is an inevitable payment for her past life, and this is evident in her monologue about sins, in which she realizes them and takes them upon herself, asking the Lord not to send great trials, and the sale of the estate becomes their kind of atonement: “My nerves better... I sleep well.”
Ranevskaya is an echo of a cultural past that is thinning literally before our eyes and disappearing from the present. Well aware of the destructiveness of her passion, realizing that this love is pulling her to the bottom, she returns to Paris, knowing that “this money will not last long.”
Against this background, love for daughters looks very strange. Stepdaughter, who dreams of joining a monastery, gets a job as a housekeeper for her neighbors, since she does not have at least a hundred rubles to donate, and her mother simply does not attach any importance to this. Native daughter Anya, left at the age of twelve in the care of a careless uncle, is very worried about the future of her mother on the old estate and is saddened by the imminent separation. “...I will work, help you...” says a young girl who is not yet familiar with life.
The further fate of Ranevskaya is very unclear, although Chekhov himself said that: “Only death can calm down such a woman.”
Characteristics of the image and description of the life of the heroine of the play will be useful to 10th grade students when preparing an essay on the topic “The Image of Ranevskaya in the play “The Cherry Orchard” by Chekhov.”
Work test
He has two daughters - his own Anya (17 years old) and his adopted daughter Varya (24 years old). She is easy to communicate and very sentimental and sensitive. “God knows, I love my homeland, I love it dearly...” she says about Russia. And returning to the estate, she cries at the sight of the homeland of her childhood.
But Ranevskaya is helpless and frivolous in everyday affairs. She leaves things to chance or relies on decisions everyday issues on others.
5 years before the moment described at the beginning of the comedy, she left for Paris, after the death of her husband and death little son. She lived luxuriously in the capital of France - she spent money without counting and received guests.
The heroine understands that she is living incorrectly: she is wasting money and sinning. But she is used to living luxuriously, not denying herself anything, and now she cannot and does not want to change.
The Cherry Orchard is dear to Lyubov Andreevna as a memory of her childhood and youth, as a symbol of her homeland, a symbol of the nobility. But Ranevskaya does not want to understand the seriousness of what is happening. She does not believe that she could lose her garden. Out of sentimental ideas, she does not listen to Lopakhin’s advice to rent out the garden to summer residents. “Dachas and summer residents are so vulgar,” says the heroine. It seems to her that everything will work out by itself. But Ranevskaya’s world collapses - the garden goes to Lopakhin. The heroine, having lost her estate and her homeland, goes back to Paris.
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Ranevskaya, Lyubov Andreevna literary character, landowner, one of the main heroines of A.P. Chekhov’s comedy “The Cherry Orchard.” He has two daughters: his own Anya (17 years old) and his adopted daughter Varya (24 years old). She is easy to communicate and very... ... Wikipedia
The request for "Ranevskaya" is redirected here; about Chekhov's character, see Lyubov Andreevna Ranevskaya. Faina Ranevskaya ... Wikipedia
Wikipedia has articles about other people with this surname, see Akhmatova. Anna Akhmatova Photo of Akhmatova 1950 ... Wikipedia
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Characteristic literary hero Ranevskaya Lyubov Andreevna is a landowner. 5 years ago I went abroad after the death of my husband and the death of my little son. She lived in Paris, received guests, and spent a lot of money.
R. is easy to talk to and also very sentimental. She says about Russia: “God knows, I love my homeland, I love it dearly...” Returning to the estate, she cries at the sight of her nursery.
But R. is frivolous and helpless in everyday affairs. She leaves everything to chance or relies on others to solve everyday issues.
The heroine understands that she lives wrong: she sins and wastes money. But she is used to living luxuriously, denying herself nothing, and now she cannot and does not want to change.
The Cherry Orchard of R. is a memory of childhood and youth, as a symbol of the homeland, as a symbol of the nobility. But she does not want to understand the seriousness of what is happening. R. does not believe that he can lose his garden. Out of sentimental ideas, she does not listen to Lopakhin’s advice to rent out the garden to summer residents: “dachas and summer residents - it’s so vulgar.” It seems to the heroine that everything will work out by itself. But R.’s world collapses. The garden goes to Lopakhin. The heroine, having lost her estate and her homeland, goes back to Paris.
Essay on literature on the topic: Ranevskaya (The Cherry Orchard of Chekhov)
Other writings:
- Anton Pavlovich Chekhov's play “The Cherry Orchard” is rightfully considered one of the most famous in Russian literature. She is an example of innovation, an opportunity to convey old ideas in a new style. The author laughs at the heroes of the work, revealing the true depth of their feelings and experiences and Read More......
- In Chekhov’s “The Cherry Orchard,” the nobility is represented by two main characters – bankrupt landowners Lyubov Andreevna Ranevskaya and her brother Leonid Andreevich Gaev. Critics who responded to the production of the play in Art Theater, regarded it as the final verdict on the noble class. One of the reviewers of the play Read More......
- Gaev Characteristics of the literary hero Leonid Andreevich Gaev - Ranevskaya’s brother, landowner. G. says about himself that he is a man of the 80s and that he suffered for his beliefs. Sentimental and sensitive. He is very worried about the sale of the estate. To hide this, the hero Read More......
- Petya Trofimov Characteristics of the literary hero Trofimov Petya - former teacher the deceased son of Ranevskaya, commoner, 26 or 27 years old. T. is an eternal student who never finishes the course. Fate throws him from place to place. This hero preaches faith in the best Read More......
- Despite the fact that the play “The Cherry Orchard” was perceived by many of Chekhov’s contemporaries, in particular Stanislavsky, as a tragic work, the author himself believed that “The Cherry Orchard” was “a comedy, sometimes even a farce.” First of all, if we proceed from the definition of the genre, then tragedy is characterized by Read More ......
- Anya Characteristics of a literary hero Anya is the daughter of Ranevskaya. A girl of 17 years old. A. is in love with Petya Trofimov and is under his influence. I am fascinated by his ideas that the nobility is guilty before the Russian people and must atone for their guilt. A. says that Read More......
- The main themes of the play “The Cherry Orchard,” written in 1904, are: death noble nest, the victory of an enterprising merchant-industrialist over the obsolete Ranevskaya and Gaev, and an essay on the topic of the future of Russia, associated with the images of Petya Trofimov and Anya. Farewell to the new one, Read More......
- A.P. Chekhov was not only a master of the story, his talent extended to other genres. Thus, Chekhov’s plays, filled with subtle symbolism and vitality, have long become immortal. One of the best and famous works This genre is considered to be “The Cherry Orchard”. This play Read More......