Matryona Vasilievna - main character story by A.I. Solzhenitsyn “ Matrenin Dvor" She was about sixty years old. She lived in the village of Talnovo, which was located not far from peat mining.
I believe that Matryona Vasilievna was the right person in the village, because she always came to everyone's aid. And the main thing is that her help was of some kind. After all, you can help without any result, just to appear. But Matryona Vasilievna is not like that. Her help is sincere, from the bottom of her heart, and therefore useful.
The best sides The character of Matryona Vasilyevna is revealed by several episodes. First of all, this is the episode in which Thaddeus and his sons break Matryona Vasilievna’s room, which she decided to give to Kira. The author says: “Matryona never spared either her work or her good.”
There are also such small but important episodes for revealing the character of the heroine as the request of the chairman’s wife to help the collective farm, the request of a neighbor to dig up potatoes. And in all the episodes Matryona is asked to help with something, to do something. But she doesn’t refuse, she helps, even if she’s sick, and doesn’t take anything in return, she hasn’t taken a single penny for all her work.
Matryona Vasilievna was “at peace with her conscience.” Her soul was open to everyone, internally she was pure, like a child. The author said about such people that they “always have good faces,” that is, they are kind, sincere, accessible to others.
And this kindness brought Matryona Vasilievna to death. People couldn't understand her, her inner world, soul. They used her help, her desire to work to realize their personal goals, without even trying to give anything in return. No, not money, not food, but understanding, respect - that’s what Matryona Vasilievna was waiting for, but she didn’t get it.
She didn’t tell anyone about her difficult life, afraid, I think, of appearing weak in front of people. All her children died, her husband disappeared in the war. She had no love, no one loved her. And she devoted herself to work, caring for others. And I believe that the author is right when he calls Matryona a righteous man, because she “is... the very righteous man without whom... the village does not stand.”
The meaning of the title of the story, I think, is that without Matryona Vasilievna in the village of Talnovo normal life will not be. She was the center of everything that was happening, she added a piece of herself to everything village life, work. She can rightfully be considered a mistress, because even the authorities, who in fact should help everyone, turn to Matryona for help, “not a single plowing of the garden could be done without Matryona,” nothing could be done without Matryona.
And we can also say that Matryona’s yard is her home, after the destruction of which her life is destroyed, the yard of selflessness and righteousness.
Without such people, Rus' will perish.
Matryona Timofeevna image and characterization according to plan
1. general characteristics . Matryona Timofeevna is the main female heroine of the poem “”, to whom the “Peasant Woman” part is entirely dedicated.
Matryona Timofeevna's age is approaching forty years, but she still retains traces of her former beauty. Hard peasant labor did not break the woman. She carries herself with great dignity and sedateness.
Matryona Timofeevna is not afraid and loves her work, realizing that it is the key to the whole peasant life.
2. Typical image. The fate of Matryona Timofeevna is similar to thousands of ordinary peasant women. With very early years the girl began to help her parents with housework. Youth and excess strength allowed Matryona not only to manage her work, but also to have time to sing and dance, in which she became a real master.
Life in her parents' house in general was a very happy time for Matryona. As was customary at that time, Matryona’s parents found a groom. It was very difficult for the cheerful and lively girl to part with her home. At first, life in someone else's house seemed unbearable to her. In the absence of her husband, the girl was reproached at every step. It was at this time that she fell in love with her Philip, who became her protector.
The tragic situation of women of that era is best expressed in the saying: “He hits - he loves.” Matryona Timofeevna believes that she is very lucky with her husband. However, her story about an undeserved beating indicates the opposite. If Philip hit Matryona several times simply because she did not have time to answer him in time, then the woman had to meekly carry out any of his orders. The narrator calls this situation “we always get along.”
3. Tragedy. Matryona Timofeevna received the strongest incentive to live after the birth of her son. It was no longer so difficult for her among her husband’s relatives. She established a warm, trusting relationship with her grandfather Savely. Trouble crept up unnoticed. Infant mortality was generally very high at that time, mainly due to insufficient child care.
For modern man the death of Demushka, gnawed alive by pigs, looks simply monstrous. The attitude of Matryona Timofeevna herself is very characteristic. She is ready to come to terms with the death of her son (“God took the baby”), but almost goes crazy during the autopsy, considering this the greatest sin and abuse of an innocent child.
4. Black stripe. Misfortunes never come alone. Matryona had only just recovered a little from the death of her first-born when her parents died. After this, the woman completely devoted herself to work and raising other children. Another blow awaited her ahead: her husband was illegally taken into the army. The loss of the head of the family could lead to starvation. There was no way to count on help from Philip’s relatives or fellow villagers.
5. Women's happiness. Matryona Timofeevna was incredibly lucky. Thanks to the governor's wife, she got her husband back. Ordinary peasants very rarely sought justice. But does this isolated case allow us to consider Matryona “lucky”? Her entire past life was filled with suffering, humiliation and hard work. Currently, the previous problems have been supplemented by concern for the fate of grown-up children. Matryona herself answers this question: “The keys to female happiness... are abandoned, lost.”
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You have probably met more than once such people who are ready to work with all their might for the benefit of others, but at the same time remain outcasts in society. No, they are not degraded either morally or mentally, but no matter how good their actions are, they are not appreciated. A. Solzhenitsyn tells us about one such character in the story “Matrenin’s Dvor.”
We are talking about the main character of the story. The reader gets to know Matryona Vasilievna Grigoreva at an already advanced age - she was about 60 years old when we first see her on the pages of the story.
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Her house and yard are gradually falling into disrepair - “the wood chips have rotted, the logs of the log house and the gates, once mighty, have turned gray from age, and their cover has thinned out.”
Their owner is often sick and cannot get up for several days, but once upon a time everything was different: everything was built taking into account big family, quality and soundness. The fact that now only a lonely woman lives here already sets the reader up to perceive tragedy life story heroines.
Matryona's youth
Solzhenitsyn does not tell the reader anything about the childhood of the main character - the main emphasis of the story is on the period of her youth, when the main factors of her future life were laid. unhappy life.
When Matryona was 19 years old, Thaddeus wooed her; at that time he was 23. The girl agreed, but the war prevented the wedding. There was no news about Thaddeus for a long time, Matryona was faithfully waiting for him, but she did not receive any news or the guy himself. Everyone decided that he had died. His younger brother, Efim, invited Matryona to marry him. Matryona did not love Efim, so she did not agree, and, perhaps, the hope of Thaddeus’s return did not completely leave her, but she was still persuaded: “the smart one comes out after the Intercession, and the fool comes out after Petrov. They didn't have enough hands. I'll go." And as it turned out, it was in vain - her lover returned to Pokrova - he was captured by the Hungarians and therefore there was no news about him.
The news about the marriage of his brother and Matryona came as a blow to him - he wanted to chop up the young people, but the concept that Efim was his brother stopped his intentions. Over time, he forgave them for such an act.
Efim and Matryona remained to live in their parents' house. Matryona still lives in this yard; all the buildings here were made by her father-in-law.
Thaddeus did not marry for a long time, and then he found himself another Matryona - they have six children. Efim also had six children, but none of them survived - all died before the age of three months. Because of this, everyone in the village began to believe that Matryona had the evil eye, they even took her to the nun, but they could not achieve a positive result.
After the death of Matryona, Thaddeus talks about how his brother was ashamed of his wife. Efim preferred to “dress culturally, but she preferred to dress haphazardly, everything in a country style.” Once upon a time, the brothers had to work together in the city. Efim cheated on his wife there: he started a relationship, and didn’t want to return to Matryona
New grief came to Matryona - in 1941 Efim was taken to the front and he never returned from there. Whether Yefim died or found someone else is not known for sure.
So Matryona was left alone: “misunderstood and abandoned even by her husband.”
Living alone
Matryona was kind and sociable. She maintained contact with her husband's relatives. Thaddeus’s wife also often came to her “to complain that her husband was beating her, and that her husband was stingy, pulling the veins out of her, and she cried here for a long time, and her voice was always in her tears.”
Matryona felt sorry for her, her husband hit her only once - the woman walked away as a protest - after this it never happened again.
The teacher, who lives in an apartment with a woman, believes that it is likely that Efim’s wife was luckier than Thaddeus’s wife. The elder brother's wife was always severely beaten.
Matryona didn’t want to live without children and her husband, she decides to ask “that second downtrodden Matryona - the womb of her snatches (or Thaddeus’ little blood?) - for their youngest girl, Kira. For ten years she raised her here as her own, instead of her own who failed.” At the time of the story, the girl lives with her husband in neighboring village.
Matryona worked diligently on the collective farm “not for money - for sticks”, in total she worked for 25 years, and then, despite the hassle, she managed to get a pension for herself.
Matryona worked hard - she needed to prepare peat for the winter and gather lingonberries (in lucky days, she “brought six bags” a day).
lingonberries. We also had to prepare hay for the goats. “In the morning she took a bag and a sickle and left (...) Having filled the bag with fresh heavy grass, she dragged it home and laid it out in a layer in her yard. A bag of grass made dried hay - a fork.” In addition, she also managed to help others. By her nature, she could not refuse help to anyone. It often happened that one of the relatives or just acquaintances asked her to help dig up potatoes - the woman “left her line of work and went to help.” After harvesting, she, along with other women, harnessed herself to a plow instead of a horse and plowed the gardens. She didn’t take money for her work: “you just have to hide it for her.”
Once every month and a half she had troubles - she had to prepare dinner for the shepherds. On such days Matryona went shopping: “I bought canned fish, I was bursting with sugar and butter, which I didn’t eat myself.” Such was the order here - it was necessary to feed her as best as possible, otherwise she would have been made a laughing stock.
After receiving a pension and receiving money for renting out housing, Matryona’s life becomes much easier - the woman “ordered new felt boots for herself. I bought a new padded jacket. And she straightened her coat.” She even managed to save 200 rubles “for her funeral,” which, by the way, didn’t have to wait long. Matryona takes an active part in moving the room from her plot to her relatives. At a railway crossing, she rushes to help pull out a stuck sleigh - an oncoming train hits her and her nephew to death. They took off the bag to wash it. Everything was a mess - no legs, no half of the torso, no left arm. One woman crossed herself and said:
“The Lord left her her right hand.” There will be prayer to God.
After the woman’s death, everyone quickly forgot her kindness and began, literally on the day of the funeral, to divide her property and condemn Matryona’s life: “and she was unclean; and she didn’t chase after the plant, stupid, she helped strangers for free (and the very reason to remember Matryona came - there was no one to call the garden to plow with a plow).”
Thus, Matryona’s life was full of troubles and tragedies: she lost both her husband and children. For everyone, she was strange and abnormal, because she did not try to live like everyone else, but retained a cheerful and kind disposition until the end of her days.
The life of Matryona in the story “Matryona’s Dvor” by A. Solzhenitsyn in quotes
5 (100%) 3 votesThere are many heroes in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'”. Some of them pass by. They are mentioned in passing. For others, the author spared no space and time. They are presented in detail and comprehensively.
The image and characterization of Matryona Korchagina in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is one of such characters. Women's happiness is what the wanderers wanted to find in Matryona.
Biography of the main female character
Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina grew up in a family of simple peasants. When she meets the wanderers, she is only 38 years old, but for some reason she calls herself an "old woman." The life of a peasant woman flies by so quickly. God gave the woman children - she has 5 sons. One (firstborn) died. Why are only sons born? Probably this is the belief in the emergence in Rus' of a new generation of heroes, honest and strong like a mother.According to Matryona, she I was happy only in my father's family. They took care of her, protected her sleep, and did not force her to work. The girl appreciated the care of her family and responded to them with affection and work. Songs at a wedding, lamentations over the bride and the crying of the girl herself are folklore, which conveys the reality of life.
Everything has changed in my husband's family. There was so much suffering that not every woman could bear it. At night, Matryona shed tears, during the day she spread out like grass, her head was lowered, anger was hidden in her heart, but it was accumulating. The woman understands that everyone lives this way. Philip treats Matryona well. But to distinguish good life cruelty is difficult: he whips his wife until she bleeds, goes to work, leaves alone with the children in a hated family. The girl does not require much attention: a silk scarf and sledding bring her back to cheerful singing.
The calling of a Russian peasant woman is to raise children.. She becomes a real heroine, courageous and strong. Grief follows closely behind. The first son, Demushka, dies. Grandfather Savely could not save him. The authorities are bullying the mother. They torment the child’s body in front of her eyes, images of horror remain in her memory for the rest of her life. Another son gave a sheep to a hungry wolf. Matryona defended the boy by standing in his place for punishment. Mother's love strong:
“Who can endure it, mothers!”
Korchagina came to her husband’s defense. The pregnant woman went to the governor with a request not to recruit him as a soldier.
Woman's appearance
Nekrasov describes Matryona with love. He recognizes her beauty and amazing attractiveness. Some features for the modern reader are not characteristic of beauty, but this only confirms how attitudes towards appearance have changed over the centuries:- “Poganous” figure;
- “wide” back;
- “dense” body;
- Kholmogory cow.
- “written kralechka”;
- "pour berry";
- “good...pretty”;
- "white face"
- The woman is neat in her clothes: a white cotton shirt, a short embroidered sundress.
Character of Matryona
The main character trait is hard work. Since childhood, Matryona loves work and does not hide from it. She knows how to stack haystacks, shake flax, and thresh on a barn. The woman has a large household, but she doesn’t complain. She gives all the strength she received from God to her work.Other features of the Russian beauty:
Frankness: telling the wanderers her fate, she does not embellish or hide anything.
Sincerity: the woman does not cheat, she opens her whole destiny from her youth, shares her experiences and “sinful” deeds.
Love of freedom: The desire to be free and free remains in the soul, but the rules of life change the character and force one to be secretive.
Courage: A woman often has to become a “feisty woman.” She is punished, but “arrogance and insubordination” remain.
Loyalty: the wife is devoted to her husband and strives to be honest and faithful in any situation.
Honesty: Matryona leads herself honest life and teaches his sons to be like that. She asks them not to steal or cheat.
Woman sincerely believes in God. She prays and consoles herself. It becomes easier for her in conversations with the Mother of God.
Matryona's happiness
Wanderers are sent to Korchagina because of her nickname - the governor's wife. It was rare that someone could go from being a simple peasant woman to becoming famous in the area with such a title. But did the nickname bring true happiness? No. The people praised her as lucky, but this is only one incident in Matryona’s life. Courage and perseverance brought her husband back into the family, and life became easier. The children no longer had to go begging around the villages, but one cannot say that Korchagina is happy. Matryona understands this and tries to explain to the men: among Russian ordinary women there are no happy ones, and there cannot be. God himself denied them this - he lost the keys to joy and will. Its wealth is a lake of tears. The trials were supposed to break the peasant woman, her soul was supposed to become callous. Everything is different in the poem. Matryona does not die either spiritually or physically. She continues to believe that the keys to female happiness will be found. She enjoys every day and evokes the admiration of men. She cannot be considered happy, but no one dares to call her unhappy either. She is a real Russian peasant woman, independent, beautiful and strong.Matryona Vasilievna Grigorieva is a peasant, a lonely woman of sixty years old, released from the collective farm due to illness. The story documents the life of Matryona Timofeevna Zakharova, a resident of the village of Miltsevo (near Solzhenitsyn’s Talnovo) in the Kurlovsky district of the Vladimir region. The original title “A village is not worth it without a righteous man” was changed at the suggestion of Tvardovsky, who believed that it revealed the meaning too straightforwardly central image and the whole story. M., according to her fellow villagers, “didn’t chase after money,” dressed haphazardly, “helped strangers for free.”
The house is old, in the corner of the door by the stove is Matryona’s bed, the best part of the hut near the window is lined with stools and benches, on which tubs and pots with her favorite ficus trees are her main wealth. Among the living creatures - a lanky old cat, which M. took pity on and picked up on the street, a dirty white goat with crooked horns, mice and cockroaches.
M. got married even before the revolution, because “their mother died... they didn’t have enough hands.” She married Efim the younger, and loved the eldest, Thaddeus, but he went to war and disappeared. She waited for him for three years - “no news, not a bone.” On Peter's Day they got married to Efim, and Thaddeus returned from Hungarian captivity to Mikola in the winter and almost chopped them both with an ax. She gave birth to six children, but they “didn’t survive” - they didn’t live to see three months. During World War II, Efim disappeared and M. was left alone. For eleven post-war years(the action takes place in 1956) M. decided that he was no longer alive. Thaddeus also had six children, all were alive, and M. took in the youngest girl, Kira, and raised her.
M. did not receive a pension. She was ill, but was not considered disabled; she worked on a collective farm for a quarter of a century “by the sticks.” True, later they began to pay her eighty rubles, and she received more than a hundred more from the school and the resident teacher. She didn’t start anything “good”, didn’t rejoice at the chance to get a lodger, didn’t complain about illness, although she was sick twice a month. But she unquestioningly went to work when the chairman’s wife came running for her, or when a neighbor asked her to help dig potatoes - M. never refused anyone and never took money from anyone, for which they considered her stupid. “She was always interfering in men’s affairs. And a horse once almost knocked her into an ice hole in the lake,” and finally, when they took away her room, they could have done without her - no, “Matryona got carried away between the tractor and the sleigh.” That is, she was always ready to help another, ready to neglect herself, to give her last. So she gave the upper room to her pupil Kira, which means she will have to tear down the house and halve it - an impossible, wild act, from the owner’s point of view. And she even rushed to help transport it.
She got up at four or five o’clock, had plenty of things to do until the evening, had a plan in advance of what to do, but no matter how tired she was, she was always friendly.
M. was characterized by innate delicacy - she was afraid to burden herself and therefore, when she was sick, she did not complain, did not moan, and was embarrassed to call a doctor from the village first-aid post. She believed in God, but not earnestly, although she began every business - “With God!” While rescuing Thaddeus's property, which was stuck on a sleigh at a railway crossing, M. was hit by a train and died. Its absence on this earth affects immediately: who will now go sixth to harness the plow? Who should I contact for help?
Against the backdrop of M.'s death, the characters of her greedy sisters, Thaddeus - her former lover, her friend Masha, and everyone who takes part in the division of her poor belongings - appear. There is a cry over the coffin, which turns into “politics”, into a dialogue between contenders for Matrenino’s “property”, of which there is only a dirty white goat, a lanky cat and ficus trees. Matrenin's guest, observing all this, remembering the living M., suddenly clearly understands that all these people, including him, lived next to her and did not understand that she was the very righteous man without whom “the village would not stand.”
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Matryona Vasilievna is the main character of A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matryona’s Dvor”. She was about sixty years old. She lived in the village of Talnovo, which was located not far from peat mining. I believe that Matryona Vasilievna was the right person in...