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Nervi, Pier Luigi. Pier Luigi Pizza

08.04.2019

1891 1913 1915 By 1919

IN 1928 1932

1929 -1932

1930 -x - start 1940

IN 1943 -1945

IN 1946

IN 1948

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Pier Luigi Nervi was born on June 21 1891 years in the small town of Sondrio in northern Italy. IN 1913 He graduated from the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Bologna, receiving the title of civil engineer. Immediately after graduating from university, Nervi went to work at one of the most famous design bureaus in Italy at that time, the Society of Reinforced Concrete Structures, which had branches in Bologna and Florence. This work was interrupted with 1915 By 1919 year of service in the military engineering troops. After the war, Nervi resumed his activities in the Florence branch of the society, not only as a designer, but also as a work manager.

IN 1928 year, Nervi parted with his service in the Society of Reinforced Concrete Structures and created the reinforced concrete structures company Engineers Nervi and Nebbiosi in Rome, which existed until 1932 year. Here he carried out his creative plans, which became more and more daring as his fame grew.

With the direct participation of Nervi, large structures were built, such as a cinema and a funicular on Via Roma in Naples, bank buildings in Bari and other cities, a factory and a tuberculosis sanatorium in Lecce, factories in Rome, etc. During this period, Nervi’s theoretical views were also formed , is improving it creative method. After the construction of a sports stadium in Florence for 35 thousand people in 1929 -1932 years, the name Nervi becomes widely known among the architectural and engineering communities of many countries.

The construction of the Florence stadium was completed by a new company, the Society of Engineers Nervi and Bartoli in Rome. This company, which still exists today, has built many projects with the participation of Nervi himself. Middle 1930 -x - start 1940 's in Italian architecture characterized by the fascist government's call for the construction of pompous structures of exaggerated size, for the revival of the ancient traditions of imperial Rome, and for the creation of “Mediterranean” architecture.

IN 1943 -1945 years of activity practical activities Nervi is somewhat diminished as he works mainly on the book “Construction – Art or Science?” In this book, Nervi summarizes the experience of previous work, defines his views on art and on construction in general, makes an attempt to determine the place of mathematical calculations in the creation of a structure, defends his point of view on the role of intuition in design, etc.

IN 1946 year, cement was first used in construction. The company Nervi and Bartoli built an experimental building - a small warehouse made of reinforced cement sheets only three centimeters thick.

IN 1948 Nervi began the design and construction of a number of exhibition halls for the Exhibition Palace in Turin. He had the opportunity to comprehensively show the new structures he created from prefabricated reinforced cement elements.

IN 1949 Soon after the construction of the Turin Exhibition, Nervi built the swimming pool of the Maritime Academy in Livorno. Here the vaulted covering is formed by prefabricated reinforced cement wave-shaped elements of the same type as in the hall in Turin, only they are curved along the length to form a vaulted surface.

Nervi also became famous as a talented teacher. Already in 1947 year he headed the department of structures at the Faculty of Architecture of the University of Rome. IN 1950 -1952 years he worked a lot in Latin America, where he taught a course on architectural structures at the Faculty of Architecture of the University of Buenos Aires. IN 1950 year in Sao Paulo he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Architecture. IN 1956 In 2010, the firm Nervi and Bartoli designed a thirteen-story building for the Galbani firm in Milan. In the complex of sports facilities implemented in Rome for the World Sports Olympics 1960 year, the technical, spatial and artistic capabilities of thin-walled structures made of prefabricated reinforced cement elements were most clearly revealed.

One of the most interesting buildings occupying significant place in modern foreign architecture, - a thirty-two-story administrative building of the Pirelli company, built by Nervi in 1955 -1959 years in collaboration with a group of architects in Milan. The height of the building is one hundred twenty-four meters. The main structural difficulties in choosing the load-bearing scheme of this building were determined not only by its large height. They were further aggravated by the extremely unfavorable layout of the site - narrow and elongated.

During these years, Nervi is also invited to other countries. The company "Engineers Nervi and Bartoli" receives huge amount orders, carries out large construction. Increasingly, Nervi works together with his son, the architect Antonio Nervi.

Almost simultaneously he designs for the USA and Australia. IN 1961 In the same year, he and Antonio designed the Liberty Racetrack Club in Bell Park in Philadelphia.

The first building built in New York based on Nervi's design was a bus station for two hundred cars. She entered service in January 1963 year.

One of Nervi's brilliant structures, of great interest, created by him in 1961 year, in collaboration with Antonio Nervi, the building of the Palace of Labor in Turin. It was built according to a design that won first place in the competition.

Another of Nervi's works, carried out in collaboration with a specialist in the field of metal structures, Gino Carpet, was the covering of the Burgo paper factory in Mantua, completed in 1962 year.

Nervi is a master of structures, most of which he made from reinforced cement. Moreover, the peculiarity of his work lies in the fact that, using this method, he achieved great perfection in the variety of forms created by assembling individual elements. He proved with his work that reinforced cement, mainly prefabricated monolithic, structures are not only economical, but can also be artistically valuable.

The buildings of Nervi played a significant role in the development of structural and architectural forms of our time. They continue to influence architects and designers to this day. different countries.

Nervi died in 1979 year.

NERVI, PIER LUIGI(Nervi, Pier Luigi) (1891–1979), Italian architect, engineer and art theorist, one of the leaders of avant-garde architecture of the mid-20th century, virtuoso of reinforced concrete structures.

Born in Sondrio (Lombardy) on June 21, 1891. He studied at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Bologna (1908–1912). He served in the design bureau of the Society of Reinforced Concrete Structures, and during the First World War - in the engineering troops.

One of his first major works was the J. Burt stadium in Florence (1930–1932), where the young architect showed himself as a strict functionalist, and on the other hand, as a real poet of large-scale, rationally organized spaces. In 1932, together with his cousin, he founded the company Nervi and Bartoli, which invariably remained his main workplace. From 1935 he carried out orders from the Ministry of the Navy, designing hangars for different regions of Italy. By the end of the war, all of them were destroyed, but it was in this direction that Nervi’s main creative gift was finally determined - the ability to cover huge spans with vaults from prefabricated concrete elements (never before used on such a scale), giving the final composition impeccable monumental grace. For this purpose, he invented a particularly strong reinforced cement (ferrocemento), with a solution reinforced with steel mesh. He even suggested using it to build floating air bases; As a result (after the war), two unique civilian vessels were built, a motor and a sailing vessel, with reinforced cement hulls.

As a professor at the Faculty of Architecture at the University of Rome (since 1946), Nervi promoted the “style of following the laws of physics” as the path of “truthful architecture”, rejecting superficially decorative historical stylizations. The Palace of Exhibitions in Turin (1948–1950) and the Olympic complex in Rome (1957–1959) designed by him, with their dominant visually light, seemingly weightless, prefabricated cement coatings, became world famous. He was co-designer of the UNESCO building in Paris (1953–1957) and the first Italian skyscraper, the Pirelli building in Milan (1955–1960); in the latter, structural links with an unprecedentedly wide 25-meter span for buildings of this type were used. He continued his “high-rise experiments,” combining reliability with dizzying scale, during the construction, also with co-authors, of the financial center in Montreal (1959–1961) and the skyscraper on Australia Square in Sydney (1962–1969). The buildings erected according to his designs in many cities of Italy, as well as in the USA, France and a number of other countries, have become genuine monuments of modern engineering, which has reached the status of high art, close in spirit to the “international style”.

IN late period Nervi's permanent employees were two sons, Antonio and Mario. He published many theoretical works, the most important of which is the book Build right (1955; Russian edition – 1956).

Pier Luigi Nervi combined the deep knowledge of a design engineer with the creative imagination of an architect. Long-span coatings made of reinforced cement, a material he researched and developed, received universal recognition and brought him worldwide fame.

This work was interrupted from 1915 to 1919 by service in the military engineering troops. After the war, Nervi resumed his activities in the Florence branch of the society, not only as a designer, but also as a work manager.

The economic crisis and the fascist dictatorship determined the peculiarities of the development of Italian architecture during this period. The destruction caused by the First World War confronted Italy, as well as other warring countries, with the task of reconstruction. However, this task was beyond the power of the ruling bourgeoisie and remained unfulfilled.

While in many Western European countries Intensive construction was underway using new technology; in Italy, only individual residential buildings were built on orders from private owners. This small-scale construction was carried out mainly according to the projects of representatives of the Italian Academic School, whose work was limited to the modernization of archaic forms of the past.

Working conditions for young builders were extremely difficult at that time. It was in this environment that the young engineer Nervi began his work.

Even then he combined fluency mathematical calculation with the intuition of a talented builder. Nervi soon became a good designer of reinforced concrete structures and saw that the capabilities of this material allowed for a new approach to their design. He realized that reinforced concrete, due to its plastic properties, opens up the possibility of its particularly wide use in statically indeterminate systems, which can lead to the creation of new structural and architectural forms.

By the time Nervi began his work in the field of reinforced concrete structures, a lot had already been done both in the theory of calculation and in the practice of using reinforced concrete. Both architects and engineers knew that this rapidly developing building material, capable of taking any given form, still contains untapped possibilities. The fact that Nervi, as he himself admits, learned about the construction of the boathouses in Orly, as well as about the activities of Perret, Maillard and Freycinet, only at the end of the 1930s can only be explained by the extreme political and cultural isolation of Fascist Italy. This circumstance, as well as the weakness of the material and technical construction base in this country, was apparently the reason that new ideas in architecture spread here much later than in other European countries. It was only in the mid-1920s that an organized movement arose in Italy in search of the so-called new architecture, among whose supporters was Nervi.

By this time, Nervi already understood that the implementation of his creative plans was difficult due to his position as an ordinary designer in a design bureau. He needed not only complete freedom in designing structures, but also the opportunity to participate in the implementation of projects in kind, as well as freedom from the need to obey the requirements of the contractor.

In 1928, Nervi left his position at the Society of Reinforced Concrete Structures and created the reinforced concrete structures company Engineers Nervi and Nebbiosi in Rome, which existed until 1932. Here he carried out his creative plans, which became more and more daring as his fame grew. Now Nervi designed and built his new structures independently of the contractor, since this company not only designed, but also carried out the construction. He got the opportunity to carefully study the properties of reinforced concrete during the work process.

With the direct participation of Nervi, large structures were built, such as a cinema and a funicular on Via Roma in Naples, bank buildings in Bari and other cities, a factory and a tuberculosis sanatorium in Lecce, factories in Rome, etc. During this period, Nervi’s theoretical views were also formed , his creative method is improved. After the construction of a sports stadium for 35 thousand people in Florence in 1929–1932, the name Nervi became widely known among the architectural and engineering communities of many countries.

The construction of the Florence stadium was completed by a new company, the Society of Engineers Nervi and Bartoli in Rome. This company, which still exists today, has built many projects with the participation of Nervi himself. Since that time, Nervi has patented each of his proposals, projects, innovations and, having received a patent, strives to make maximum use of the advantages it provides. He applies a patent even when the appropriateness of this is in doubt.

The mid-1930s - early 1940s in Italian architecture are characterized by the fascist government's call for the construction of pompous structures of exaggerated sizes, for the revival of the ancient traditions of imperial Rome, and for the creation of “Mediterranean” architecture.

Like many Italian builders of that period, Nervi did not escape the fascination with exaggerated forms and excessive ostentation of buildings. Thus, in his project for the tower of the “Banner Monument” on Mario Hill in Rome (1932), the height of the structure was three hundred meters. The bottom of the tower was to be lined with white Carrara marble, the top of the tower was supposed to be made of steel.

He did not escape the then fashionable fascination with round shapes. In 1934, he designed a circular, rotating residential mansion house. His design for the pavilion of Italian culture for the 1942 exhibition in Rome was a huge circular hall with a diameter of 252 meters with a ceiling on one central support (1940). In 1942, Nervi, trying to show the capabilities of reinforced cement, designed a vaulted roof with a span of three hundred meters made of corrugated reinforced cement slabs. At the end of 1944 he received a patent for this design.

Nervi's tendency towards exaggerated size continued in the future; it can be traced in many of his buildings of the post-war period.

In 1943–1945, Nervi’s practical activity decreased somewhat, as he worked mainly on the book “Construction - Art or Science?” In this book, Nervi summarizes the experience of previous work, defines his views on art and on construction in general, makes an attempt to determine the place of mathematical calculations in the creation of a structure, defends his point of view on the role of intuition in design, etc.

After World War II, Italy again faced the problem of reconstruction construction. The overthrow of fascism and strengthened ties with other countries contributed to the penetration into Italy of those trends of “new architecture” that promoted the crucial importance of new construction techniques and functional needs. Being an innovator in the field of creating spatial coverings, Nervi was not only among the supporters of the “new architecture”, but also largely contributed to its spread and development in Italy. Immediately after the end of the war, his active work began again. Now, working for the same construction company Engineers Nervi and Bartoli, he took part in restoration construction.

The beginning of Nervi's work on the study of reinforced cement was preceded by many years of practice in the construction of reinforced concrete structures carried out by the company Nervi and Bartoli. Observing the work of reinforced concrete under load allowed Nervi to thoroughly study its positive and negative properties.

In 1946, reinforced cement was first used in construction. The company Nervi and Bartoli built an experimental building - a small warehouse made of reinforced cement sheets only three centimeters thick.

In 1948, Nervi began designing and building a series of exhibition halls for the Palazzo Exhibition in Turin. He had the opportunity to comprehensively show the new structures he created from prefabricated reinforced cement elements.

The system of supports and covering of the main exhibition hall is a new and bold design spatial solution. When Nervi submitted his project for approval, the clients asked him which structure he could cite as an example that such an idea was feasible. There was nothing to refer to, but the customer, who found himself in in this case Decisive enough, he took the risk and made the right decision. The ceiling turned out to be elegant and light, and its supporting part is structurally logical and clear, despite the powerful sections of its elements. From that time on, Nervi's fame as a designer was supplemented by the fame of an architect.

The construction of this coating brilliantly proved the high construction qualities of reinforced cement. Lightweight and beautiful interior, caused by the design itself, and the rationality of the solution as a whole determined the high artistic qualities of the structure. The construction of the Turin Industrial Exhibition complex provided extensive experience for the further use of reinforced cement and brought Nervi worldwide recognition.

In 1949, shortly after the construction of the Turin Exhibition, Nervi built the swimming pool of the Maritime Academy in Livorno. Here the vaulted covering is formed by prefabricated reinforced cement wave-shaped elements of the same type as in the hall in Turin, only they are curved along the length to form a vaulted surface.

Nervi also became famous as a talented teacher. Already in 1947, he headed the department of structures at the Faculty of Architecture of the University of Rome. In 1950–1952, he worked a lot in Latin America, taught a course in architectural structures at the Faculty of Architecture of the University of Buenos Aires, and lectured in Montevideo, in Sao Paulo. In 1950, in Sao Paulo he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Architecture. He was elected a member of various architectural associations and societies: CIAM, the association of engineers and technicians of Italy, the council of the largest housing construction monopoly INA-Casa and many others.

In 1954, Nervi took part in the construction of the UNESCO building and in the design of one of the versions of the building for the Exhibition of Science and Technology in Paris. In 1956, the firm Nervi and Bartoli designed a thirteen-story building for the Galbani firm in Milan. Nervi's chosen relationship between the height and pitch of the wave and the reinforcement of the upper and lower sections of the beam covering with additional rods allowed him to use the thickness of reinforced cement precast elements equal to only three centimeters for spans of up to fifteen meters.

In the complex of sports facilities built in Rome for the 1960 Olympics, the technical, spatial and artistic capabilities of thin-walled structures made of prefabricated reinforced cement elements were most clearly revealed. The successful combination of powerful load-bearing supports made of monolithic reinforced concrete with domes made of the thinnest prefabricated reinforced cement shells, the organic fusion of structural and functional requirements and the brilliant execution technique determined the success of these buildings. Nervi believed that an architect is a master builder who can find in a design the necessary means to create a real work of art.

Among the complex of sports buildings of the Roman Olympics, the most successful is the Small Sports Palace - Palazzetto, designed for four thousand spectators. Indeed, the architect Annibale Vitellozzi - the author of the architectural concept of the building - and Nervi - the author of its designs - achieved here an organic fusion of constructive, functional and aesthetic requirements. In this building, the role of each structural element is architecturally revealed.

The aesthetics of reinforced concrete structures is an essential link in Nervi’s work. The figurative expressiveness of the UNESCO building in Paris and the Pirelli skyscraper in Milan in to a large extent depend on the designs used.

In 1961, in his report at the VI International Congress of Architects in London, Nervi said: “If at the beginning of the century someone had wanted to erect a concrete wall devoid of cladding, such as the external walls of the UNESCO building in Paris, then, in addition to hostility towards their revolutionary intentions on the part of the customers, local authorities And public opinion, he would have to overcome many more minor technical difficulties in the practical implementation of the project. The gradual elimination of these difficulties in the process of improving construction technology allows us to now obtain satisfactory results."

One of the most interesting buildings that occupies a significant place in modern foreign architecture is the thirty-two-story administrative building of the Pirelli company, built by Nervi in 1955–1959 in collaboration with a group of architects in Milan. The height of the building is one hundred twenty-four meters. The main structural difficulties in choosing the load-bearing scheme of this building were determined not only by its large height. They were further aggravated by the extremely unfavorable layout of the site - narrow and elongated.

In plan, the building is a long rectangle with beveled corners. Its supporting structure consists of four columns, massive in cross-section and gradually thinning towards the top, placed in pairs across the building and dividing it into three compartments. The ceiling is a monolithic slab on reinforced concrete prestressed I-beams.

The outer walls of the skyscraper are almost entirely glazed. Unusual shape The building chosen by the authors not only turned out to be convenient in a functional sense, but also has excellent artistic qualities. The huge skyscraper looks exquisitely proportioned, and its outline is very graceful.

During these years, Nervi was invited to other countries. The company “Engineers Nervi and Bartoli” received a huge number of orders and carried out large construction projects. Increasingly, Nervi works together with his son, the architect Antonio Nervi. Almost simultaneously he designs for the USA and Australia. In 1961, he collaborated with Antonio to design the Liberty Racetrack Club in Bell Park in Philadelphia.

The first building built in New York based on Nervi's design was a bus station for two hundred cars. She entered service in January 1963. The design solution adopted by Nervi meets the technical and functional requirements and gives the building a very original appearance.

In the early 1960s, Nervi and his son designed a church building for Australia in New Norcia. Their co-authors were engineer Francesco Vakhini and architect Carlo Vannono. This large structure is in plan equilateral triangle with a side length of ninety meters. The design of the dome is close to the unrealized roofing project submitted by Nervi for the competition " National Center industry and technology" in Paris. This is a prefabricated monolithic dome of the Nervi system. The huge glazed surfaces of the side walls of the church were to be decorated with stained glass.

One of Nervi’s brilliant buildings, which is of great interest, is the building of the Palace of Labor in Turin, created by him in 1961 in collaboration with Antonio Nervi. It was built according to a design that won first place in the competition.

Another of Nervi's works, carried out in collaboration with a specialist in the field of metal structures, Gino Carpet, was the covering of the Burgo paper factory in Mantua, completed in 1962.

Together with another Italian architect Luigi Moretti, Nervi designed a financial center in Montreal (Canada). This building consists of three fifty-story towers organically connected to each other. The constructive solution, as always with Nervi, is completely new and original. The main supporting structure of the towers consists of four strong corner columns and four columns forming a rigid cross-shaped reinforced concrete core in the center of the tower.

In 1966, construction began on another high-rise office building in the center of Sydney at Australia Square, in which Nervi took part in the design of the structures. This is a round fifty-story tower with a diameter of just over forty meters and a height of one hundred and eighty-three meters. Prefabricated monolithic structures of the Nervi system were used in the building. External columns are mounted from prefabricated thin-walled elements, which are also formwork for monolithic reinforced concrete. Collaboration prefabricated and monolithic parts are achieved, as usual with Nervi, by releasing reinforcement. The window sill panels, according to Nervi's idea, are made up of two parts in height, the ceilings above the two floors are made according to his system.

The buildings of Nervi played a significant role in the development of structural and architectural forms of our time. They continue to influence architects and designers in different countries.

Ministry of Education and Science Russian Federation

federal state autonomous educational institution

higher professional education

“Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov"

Department construction production IS&A

(name of the department)

Belov Denis Alekseevich

(last name, first name, patronymic of the student)

Institute

TEST

By discipline

Industry history and introduction to professional activity

Pier Luigi Nervi - his engineering achievements

(topic name)

Mark on the test

Supervisor

Art. teacher

L.P. Kulish

(job title)

(signature)

(acting, acting, last name)

Arkhangelsk

NOTE SHEET

INTRODUCTION.. 4

ENGINEERING ACHIEVEMENTS P.L. NERVES.. 5

literature.. 11

INTRODUCTION

This work will talk about the life and work of the outstanding Italian engineer and architect Pier Luigi Nervi. I chose this topic because it was Nervi who invented and introduced reinforced cement structures into construction practice, which are still used in construction around the world.

ENGINEERING ACHIEVEMENTS P.L. NERVI

In 1954, Nervi took part in the construction of the UNESCO building (Fig. 1) and in the design of one of the building versions of the Exhibition of Science and Technology in Paris. In 1956, the firm Nervi and Bartoli designed a thirteen-story building for the Galbani firm in Milan. Nervi's chosen relationship between the height and pitch of the wave and the reinforcement of the upper and lower sections of the beam covering with additional rods allowed him to use the thickness of reinforced cement precast elements equal to only three centimeters for spans of up to fifteen meters.

Figure 1 – UNESCO building in Paris

Among the complex of sports buildings of the Roman Olympics, the most successful is the Small Sports Palace - Palazzetto (Fig. 2), designed for four thousand spectators. Indeed, the architect Annibale Vitellozzi - the author of the architectural concept of the building - and Nervi - the author of its designs - achieved here an organic fusion of constructive, functional and aesthetic requirements. In this building, the role of each structural element is architecturally revealed.

Figure 2 - Small Sports Palace - Palazzetto in Rome. Inside view

One of the most interesting buildings that occupies a significant place in modern foreign architecture is the thirty-two-story administrative building of the Pirelli company (Fig. 3), built by Nervi in 1955–1959 in collaboration with a group of architects in Milan. The height of the building is one hundred twenty-four meters. The main structural difficulties in choosing the load-bearing scheme of this building were determined not only by its large height. They were further aggravated by the extremely unfavorable layout of the site - narrow and elongated.

Figure 3 - Pirelli building

The outer walls of the skyscraper are almost entirely glazed. The unusual shape of the building, chosen by the authors, not only turned out to be convenient in a functional sense, but also has excellent artistic qualities. The huge skyscraper looks exquisitely proportioned, and its outline is very graceful.

In the early 1960s, Nervi and his son designed a church building for Australia in New Norcia. Their co-authors were engineer Francesco Vakhini and architect Carlo Vannono. This large structure is in plan an equilateral triangle with a side length of ninety meters. The design of the dome is close to an unrealized roofing project submitted by Nervi to the competition of the National Center for Industry and Technology in Paris. This is a prefabricated monolithic dome of the Nervi system. The huge glazed surfaces of the side walls of the church were to be decorated with stained glass.

Another of Nervi's works, carried out in collaboration with a specialist in the field of metal structures, Gino Carpet, was the covering of the Burgo paper factory in Mantua, completed in 1962.

In 1966, construction began on another high-rise office building in the center of Sydney at Australia Square, in which Nervi took part in the design of the structures. This is a round fifty-story tower with a diameter of just over forty meters and a height of one hundred and eighty-three meters. Prefabricated monolithic structures of the Nervi system were used in the building. External columns are mounted from prefabricated thin-walled elements, which are also formwork for monolithic reinforced concrete. The joint work of the prefabricated and monolithic parts is achieved, as usual with Nervi, by releasing reinforcement. The window sill panels, according to Nervi's idea, are made up of two parts in height, the ceilings above the two floors are made according to his system.

CONCLUSION

The buildings of Nervi played a significant role in the development of structural and architectural forms of our time. They continue to influence architects and designers in different countries.

literature

1 http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Nervi;

2 http://persones.ru/

3 Ivanova E.K., Katsnelson R.A., Pier Luigi Nervi, Stroyizdat publishing house, 1968;

Pier Luigi Nervi was born on June 21, 1891 in the small town of Sondrio in northern Italy. In 1913, he graduated from the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Bologna, receiving the title of civil engineer. Immediately after graduating from university, Nervi went to work at one of the most famous design bureaus in Italy at that time, the Society of Reinforced Concrete Structures, which had branches in Bologna and Florence. This work was interrupted from 1915 to 1919 by service in the military engineering troops. After the war, Nervi resumed his activities in the Florence branch of the society, not only as a designer, but also as a work manager.

With the direct participation of Nervi, large structures were built, such as a cinema and a funicular on Via Roma in Naples, bank buildings in Bari and other cities, a factory and a tuberculosis sanatorium in Lecce, factories in Rome, etc. During this period, Nervi’s theoretical views were also formed , his creative method is improved. After the construction of a sports stadium for 35 thousand people in Florence in 1929-1932, the name Nervi became widely known among the architectural and engineering communities of many countries.

The construction of the Florence stadium was completed by a new company, the Society of Engineers Nervi and Bartoli in Rome. This company, which still exists today, has built many projects with the participation of Nervi himself. The mid-1930s - early 1940s in Italian architecture are characterized by the fascist government's call for the construction of pompous structures of exaggerated sizes, for the revival of the ancient traditions of imperial Rome, and for the creation of "Mediterranean" architecture.

In 1943-1945, Nervi’s practical activity decreased somewhat, as he worked mainly on the book “Construction - Art or Science?” In this book, Nervi summarizes the experience of previous work, defines his views on art and on construction in general, makes an attempt to determine the place of mathematical calculations in the creation of a structure, defends his point of view on the role of intuition in design, etc.

In 1946, cement was first used in construction. The company Nervi and Bartoli built an experimental building - a small warehouse made of reinforced cement sheets only three centimeters thick.

Nervi also became famous as a talented teacher. Already in 1947, he headed the department of structures at the Faculty of Architecture of the University of Rome. In 1950-1952 he worked a lot in Latin America, where he taught a course in architectural structures at the Faculty of Architecture of the University of Buenos Aires. In 1950, in Sao Paulo he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Architecture. In 1956, the firm Nervi and Bartoli designed a thirteen-story building for the Galbani firm in Milan. In the complex of sports facilities built in Rome for the 1960 World Sports Olympics, the technical, spatial and artistic capabilities of thin-walled structures made of prefabricated reinforced cement elements were most clearly revealed.

One of the most interesting buildings that occupies a significant place in modern foreign architecture is the thirty-two-story administrative building of the Pirelli company, built by Nervi in 1955-1959 in collaboration with a group of architects in Milan. The height of the building is one hundred twenty-four meters. The main structural difficulties in choosing the load-bearing scheme of this building were determined not only by its large height. They were further aggravated by the extremely unfavorable layout of the site - narrow and elongated.

During these years, Nervi is also invited to other countries. The company "Engineers Nervi and Bartoli" receives a huge number of orders and carries out large construction projects. Increasingly, Nervi works together with his son, the architect Antonio Nervi.

Almost simultaneously he designs for the USA and Australia. In 1961, he collaborated with Antonio to design the Liberty Racetrack Club in Bell Park in Philadelphia. The first building built in New York based on Nervi's design was a bus station for two hundred cars. She entered service in January 1963.

Another of Nervi's works, carried out in collaboration with a specialist in the field of metal structures, Gino Carpet, was the covering of the Burgo paper factory in Mantua, completed in 1962.

The buildings of Nervi played a significant role in the development of structural and architectural forms of our time. They continue to influence architects and designers in different countries. Nervi died in 1979.