Not far from the city of Perm near the village of Khokhlovka under open air The Khokhlovka Museum of the same name is located - an architectural and ethnographic branch of the Perm Regional Museum.
The location of the Perm region, which is also called the Kama region or the Western Urals, on the geographical border of Europe and Asia determined that Trade routes connecting the East and West ran through this territory. Ancient tribes of Slavs, Turkic and Finno-Ugric peoples settled and lived here. Mounds, burial grounds, settlements and other archaeological monuments of bygone times are evidence of the rich history of the Western Urals.
The cultural traditions of the region are known far beyond its borders, along with its famous natural resources. In 1890, the Ural Society of Natural History Lovers founded a local history museum, which opened to visitors in 1894. The museum has become a kind of center of culture and science in the Perm region. In the second half of the 20th century, work began on organizing a branch of the museum in Khokhlovka - an architectural and ethnographic museum of wooden architecture, which became the first museum of this type in the Urals.
Khokhlovka Museum
The Khokhlovka museum complex occupies more than 40 hectares - this is one of the most big museums in the Kama region. The Varnach Peninsula was chosen as the location for the architectural monuments. Exhibits of wooden architecture blend harmoniously into the surrounding landscape and allow you to enjoy a weekend admiring the combination of natural and man-made masterpieces.
Since 1969, the museum has been collecting wooden buildings from the 17th-19th centuries from all over the Western Urals for several decades.
And in 1980, a fairy-tale village similar to Berendey’s kingdom was opened to visitors, where there are churches and a bell tower, a windmill and a fire tower, peasant huts and estates.
Here you can clearly see how our ancestors lived.
The museum complex of wooden architecture unites 23 architectural and historical monuments of several centuries, representing the traditions and culture of the peoples of the Kama region.
There are three zones on the territory of the museum: Southern Prikamye, Northwestern (Komi-Permyak district), Northern Kama region. The separation of sectors was associated with characteristic features architectural traditions of the selected regions of the Kama region.
Each of the wooden buildings was brought from different corners Prikamye, many of them are at least two centuries old. For example, the Church of the Transfiguration of the early 18th century. was transported from the village of Yanidor, Cherdyn region. The Church of the Mother of God of the late 17th century was moved from the Suksun district to the museum. - from the village of Tokhtarevo, the Bell Tower of the late 18th century. - from the village of Syra, and a watchtower from the 17th century. - from the village of Torgovishche. The fire station from the 1930s was brought from the village of Skobelevka, Perm region.
Main exhibit
The Church of the Virgin Mary is the oldest building. The entrance to the building is preceded by a rather high staircase leading directly to the second floor. The lower tier was used to store grain and church utensils.
Next to the church on the very high point peninsula there is a bell tower, which, together with the cross, reaches thirty meters in height. This is the only wooden bell tower in the Perm region that has survived to this day.
Interiors and exhibitions
Most buildings are open for inspection from the inside (sometimes they can be closed for restoration).
Inside there are stylized interiors of a bygone era.
You can see how the residents of Prikamsk lived in the last century and the century before last, how they managed their household and everyday life, where they prayed, where they worked. Many household items clearly show the level of technology development in those days.
Despite the fairly simple technologies used in the construction of wooden houses in those days, they look quite cozy.
Household utensils, dishes, furniture and clothing are presented to visitors. In this unique museum you can not only look at the exhibits, but also study them in action.
Various events are regularly held on the territory of the museum. holiday events, For example:
- during the New Year and Christmas holidays - New Year's fun
- in February or March - Farewell to Maslenitsa
- in the summer - Trinity and Yablochny Spas
- choir festival “Pevchevskoye Pole Prikamye”
- music festival "Movement"
- ethnofuturistic festival "Kamva"
“Permyak - salty ears”
The salt industrial complex brought to the Khokhlovka Museum from Solikamsk deserves special attention.
Until the 17th century, salt was expensive in Russia, since due to a lack of explored deposits it had to be purchased abroad. And in the Kama region, groundwater, saturated with salt, came directly to the surface. Salt boiling has become the leading industry in the Perm region. But working conditions in such production were very difficult. Salt was everywhere, in the air. Often the workers' ears were even corroded. That's how the saying came about. In the vicinity of Solikamsk and Usolye, even today you can find springs, the banks of which are covered with salt crystals.
Going down to the salt industrial complex, one cannot help but stop at the “Hunting Camp” exposition, which represents the hunting of North Prikamsk hunters. The silence and twilight of the forest create an amazing impression, as if you are in the deep taiga. The small house was a refuge for tired hunters; in the half-hut one could light a fire and shelter from the wind, and in a hanging storehouse one could hide supplies from animals.
How to get there
An asphalt road leads to the Museum, so you can get to Khokhlovka either by personal transport or by regular bus. From Perm to the complex it is just over 40 kilometers, which is less than an hour by car.
Regular bus to Khokhlovka No. 340 runs from the central bus station. There is also a transport connection from the Upper Mulls through the Central Market (bus No. 487). The routes do not operate frequently, so it is better to check their departure times in advance.
Khokhlovka (Perm region, Russia) - expositions, opening hours, address, phone numbers, official website.
- Tours for the New Year to Russia
- Last minute tours to Russia
Architectural and Ethnographic Museum of Wooden Architecture "Khokhlovka" is one of the main attractions of the Perm region, attracting many visitors every year. Located on the picturesque bank of the Kama River near the village of Khokhlovka, the museum was founded in 1945 as a branch of the Perm local history museum and only in 1980 the museum was opened to its first visitors.
The buildings associated with salt mining are of greatest interest in Khokhlovka; as well as churches made in the best traditions of Russian wooden architecture.
Exposition
The museum's exposition consists of 23 monuments of wooden architecture, located in the open air and dating from the 17th to 20th centuries. The entire territory of the museum is divided into several sectors: Northwestern, Northern and Southern Kama, each of which has its own architecture.
The buildings associated with salt mining are of greatest interest in Khokhlovka; as well as churches made in the best traditions of Russian wooden architecture. All buildings of the Khokhlovki salt complex were removed from the Ust-Borovsky salt plant in Solikamsk and include a 12-meter brine lifting tower, a salt settling tank, a chest weighing more than 100 tons, a brewhouse and a salt barn 28 m long.
Unique examples of residential architecture are concentrated in the Northern Kama region, but in the Southern Kama region there is the bell tower of the Trinity Church, brought from the village of Syra, and the Church of the Virgin Mary from the village of Tokhtarevo, Suksun region, which is a rare monument of Russian wooden architecture of the 17th century.
Events
For ten years in a row, the music ethnofestival KAMWA has been taking place in Khokhlovka. This is one of the main musical events in the Perm region: a lot of different ethnic music, master classes, fashion shows in ethno-style and a folk crafts fair. “Kamva” is held in the summer, at the end of July - beginning of August.
The expanses of Khokhlovka from a bird's eye view
How to get there and opening hours
You can get to Khokhlovka by car from Perm (45 km) or by suburban bus No. 340 “Perm - Khokhlovka”.
The museum is open to visitors daily from May to October from 10:00 to 18:00. At other times - by appointment only. Price entrance ticket- 130 RUB, for students and pensioners - 80 RUB, children under 18 years old - free, excursions - from 140 RUB per person. Prices on the page are as of November 2018.
I can’t sit at home, I bought an excursion and went to Khokhlovka yesterday. I've been there several times already different times years, but decided to visit this amazing place again.Sergei Sadov - Tales of the Russian Land
Architectural and Ethnographic Museum "Khokhlovka"- the first open-air museum of wooden architecture in the Urals. The place for it was chosen on the high shore of the Kama Sea on the Khokhlovsky Peninsula, 47 kilometers from Perm near the village of Khokhlovka. The museum complex spreads over an area of 42 hectares. WITH three sides museum complex water (Kama Sea, Khokhlovsky Bay, Khokhlovka River).
Now the Khokhlovka Museum unites 23 monuments of wooden architecture from the late 17th to the second half of the 20th centuries, which represent the best examples of traditional and religious architecture of the peoples of the Kama region.
The project involves transporting and installing 30 more objects. The compositional center is the church.Church of the Transfiguration. The village of Yanidor, Cherdyn region, 1707.
The church is elevated to a high basement - a utility floor, in which, according to the stories of old-timers, furs were stored back in the last century. The Church of the Transfiguration is a “ship” type of cell church, that is, all three parts of it are stretched out in one line.
There is a quadrangle in the center. The central part of the monument is completed in a completely unusual way: on the wedge-shaped roof there is a cross-shaped barrel with a head - the only example in Russian wooden architecture that has survived to this day. This is an extremely complex design that required unusually precise markings from the craftsmen. The altar is cut down from the east, and the refectory from the west.
The logs were carefully fitted to each other, so no moss or other insulation was required. Huge, thick trunks are intertwined cleanly and thinly. The light parts of the building - heads, barrels - are covered with wooden scales - a ploughshare. The material for the ploughshare was freshly cut aspen. Over time, dried by the sun and wind, the ploughshare acquired a silvery tint.
The church was cut down without a single nail, everything is held together with the help of grooves and notches.Church of the Virgin Mary. The village of Tokharevo, Suksunsky district, 1694.
A wonderful example of building art, a rare monument of Russian wooden architecture of the late 17th century. The pearl of Prikamsky wooden architecture.
In terms of type, the church belongs to the oldest cellular churches; it has an altar, a refectory and a porch. The five-walled altar is covered with a barrel, above which there is a dome. The domes (central and altar) and the barrel are covered with wooden tiles.
The church is two-story. The basement is very spacious - its height is more than three meters - it was used for storing grain, agricultural tools, and gifts from the church. There was a service on the second floor.Tent bell tower. Village of Syra, Suksun region, 1781
The only surviving wooden tent-roofed bell tower in the Perm region. Chopped using the "paw" method in a figure of eight straight from the ground. Above the octagon there is a belfry with nine pillars supporting a tent, steep, high, with carved poles, at the top there is a drum and an onion dome, covered with silver plaits.Watchtower. The village of Torgovishche, Suksun district, 17th century.
Felled in the 60s of the 17th century, the fort served as a stronghold against raids by local tribes. Ostrozhek was surrounded by a moat and surrounded by a palisade with eight watchtowers. The central road tower had a gate. This tower was popularly nicknamed “Pugachev’s” - one of Pugachev’s detachments besieged the fort and burned it, but the passing tower survived.Windmill from the village of Shikhari, Ochersky district, 19th century.
Tent mill with rotating head.
The dimensions of the largest face at the base are 3.35 m, the height of the frame is 8.5 m.Salt industrial complex.
The buildings of the complex are one technological cell of the salt plant (Solikamsk, the ancient name of the city of Sol Kamskaya), built in 1882-1888.
The complex consists of a brine lifting tower - photo, salt pan, brewhouse and salt barn.Solenosy (tree).
The owner of the taiga (bear) and the hunter (tree).
“Khokhlovka” surprises not only with its monuments of wooden architecture.
The main secret is the harmony of architecture and nature.Khokhlovka River
Khokhlovsky Bay
Kama Sea.
On the shore of Khokhlovsky Bay.
This is only part of the museum's exhibits. I took a lot of photographs, but I can’t fit all the photos into one post. I put some there so that you know that there is such an open-air museum in the Perm region "Khokhlovka".
Artist: Lyubov Malysheva. Khokhlovka in the spring.Recently I was on the island of Kizhi.
For comparison:
Kizhi Pogost:
Church of the Transfiguration (1714), Church of the Intercession (1764), hipped bell tower (1863)Khokhlovka:
Church of the Transfiguration (1707), Church of the Virgin Mary (1694), hipped bell tower (1781).Perm monuments folk architecture more ancient, but in Kizhi there are 22 domes on the Church of the Transfiguration, and in Perm churches there are only two domes.
There are at least two dozen architectural and ethnographic museums, or museums of wooden architecture, in Russia. IN lately Almost all large regions of the forest belt have acquired them. The Perm region was no exception, where an AEM was established back in 1969 and opened in 1981 in the village of Khokhlovka (emphasis on the first syllable - Khokhlovka, and not the more familiar Khokhlovka), 40 km north of Perm along the right (western) bank of the Kama.
In my opinion, despite its very modest size (23 buildings), Khokhlovka is one of the best scansen in Russia. Firstly, there is an extremely interesting selection of objects that give a comprehensive picture of the wooden architecture of the Urals; secondly, Khokhlovka is extremely picturesquely located.
In general, the length of the post is not accidental - I simply could not compress it to adequate size.
Buses go to Khokhlovka from the Perm bus station 4 times a day, the interval is about 4-5 hours - this is more than enough to explore the museum. The bus takes about an hour and a half, and at least half of the time it winds around Perm, passing by the Kama Hydroelectric Power Station.
And in fact, the first exhibit of Khokhlovka is its landscape. The hills of the Urals and the endless expanses of the Kama Reservoir:
Or, as the Permians call it, the Kama Sea:
Khokhlovka is extremely picturesquely set on a narrow cape between two rivers that have turned into bays:
The largest buildings are clearly visible: wooden churches, a bell tower and a fortress tower. Other buildings are hidden by the forest. And along the edges of the cape there are three lighting masts, probably for various festivals that happen here periodically.
The entrance to the museum is decorated very creatively. The ticket costs 100 rubles, photography is free (in the photo there is a spare entrance, the main one is just below):
The tourist bus at the entrance to the museum is not accidental - this place is quite famous, especially among the residents of the Urals. There are many tourists in Khokhlovka - schoolchildren, travelers (mostly from other places in the Urals), and even foreigners, as well as summer residents - from the photographs you can see that the surrounding hills are covered with semi-elite dachas. At the same time, the infrastructure in Khokhlovka is exhausted by dirty bus stop(where I almost fell into a cow dung) and the general store. In general, whiners, ah!
The lack of an ethnic restaurant and a forest hotel doesn’t bother me, so let’s start exploring the museum.
Khokhlovka is divided into three sectors: Komi-Permyak (three huts and a threshing floor), northern Prikamye (church, hut and barn), southern Prikamye (about half of the museum), as well as two thematic complexes - a hunting camp and a salt factory. The Komi-Permyak sector is located at the entrance:
Three peasant estates of the 19th century represent a rather strange synthesis of northern and Ural huts. It’s like a Pomeranian type house-yard, but some of the buildings are still separate.
The Komi-Permyaks clearly learned how to build huts from the Russians, although the appearance of the huts is very archaic. The interiors of the rooms are almost the same, only the stove is of a different shape:
But what struck me most were the doors, which were more like hatches in size:
In the first hut (from the village of Yashkino) the interior has been recreated and folk crafts are on display, in the second there is an exposition of nature. The huts are very similar, in the second estate I will show only the black-heated bathhouse:
Off to the side is the third hut of a wealthy Komi-Permyak peasant, which turned out to be closed:
And a little to the side is a building that from the outside can be mistaken for a utility room, but inside is very interesting - it is a combined threshing floor and barn with an exhibition of the implements of Komi-Permyak peasants:
I will tell you about the history of the Komi-Permyaks in posts about Cherdyn - in fact it is ancient people, which in the Middle Ages had its own state, a vassal state of Rus' - the Great Perm Principality (its capital, also called Cherdyn, is identified with the current village of Pyanteg). Komi and Komi-Permyaks are very close peoples, with the only difference being that the Komi were baptized peacefully at the end of the 14th century, and the Komi-Permyaks - militarily in the 15-16th centuries. As a result, there are about 330 thousand Komi in Russia, and about 150 thousand Komi-Permyaks. Until recently, there was a Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug centered in Kudymkar, now merged with the Perm region (which then became the Perm region).
Between the threshing floor and the rich hut there is another hut from the village of Gadya. This is already a Russian estate, part of the Northern Kama sector:
And a little higher is perhaps the most valuable monument of this museum, the Church of the Transfiguration from the village of Yanidor (Cherdynsky district), cut down in 1707:
It clearly shows the difference between the wooden churches of the Urals and the North - the Ural churches are more massive and look more durable. At the same time, in the North and in Central Russia Very rarely were cell temples of this size built. There were no tent churches in the Urals by the beginning of the 20th century, and the Yanidor Church is also unique because of its “christened barrel” under the dome. This detail is typical for Pinega and Mezen, where it was preserved on three churches. Between Mezen and Kama is the Komi Republic, but no churches older than the 19th century have survived there. And in general, we can assume that in the past this form was distributed between Mezen and the Urals.
Empty inside:
Nearby are a classic of the genre: a mill and a barn, although this is the Northern Kama region or the Southern region, I don’t remember:
Above the Yanidor Church is the tower of the Torgovishchensky fort:
The 8-tower fortress was cut down in 1663 and covered the approaches to Kungur, which was then the center of the Southern Kama region. In 1671 and 1708, the Torgovishchensky fort withstood Bashkir raids, and with the loss of defensive functions, it gradually turned from a fortress into a church ensemble:
In fact, it was something unique - a Ural churchyard-tee! After all, such a phenomenon was considered characteristic of the Russian North. In addition to the guard tower, the ensemble included the Church of John the Baptist (1740), the bell tower (1750) and the Church of Zosima and Savvaty Solovetsky (1701) with a unique completion:
In general, this was the best ensemble of wooden churches in the Urals. In 1899, the tower burned down, and the residents themselves erected an exact copy of it in 1905 (which is now in the museum). In 1908, the Church of John the Baptist burned down, and they decided to rebuild it in stone. However, the Revolution happened, the churchyard was abandoned and dilapidated. The Church of Zosima and Savvaty fell apart, the bell tower lost its top, but the tower was removed. In general, one of the most severe losses of wooden architecture.
We rise higher. Panorama of the bay:
And the part of the museum already familiar to us:
At the highest point of Khokhlovka there is a bell tower from the village of Syra (1780) and the Church of the Virgin Mary from the village of Tokhtarevo (1694, the oldest object in the museum):
The bell tower is, in general, almost a standard project; almost the same ones are found in the 16th and 19th centuries from Karelia to Siberia. And the church is almost an exact copy of Yanidorskaya. But Yanidor is in the north of the region, and Tokhtaryovo is in the south, that is, these temples could not be prototypes of each other. Simply the most characteristic form for the Urals.
Inside the church there is also an empty hall and photographs of other Ural wooden churches (in the same Pyanteg), as well as a couple of churches of the North for comparison.
And the plowshare roof of both churches is just like in the North:
View from the church of the Kama Reservoir - an almost seascape:
Another hut from the village of Gribany (Southern Kama region):
With architraves that are most characteristic of the Urals - I saw dozens, if not hundreds, of almost the same ones on this trip:
There is a swing by the porch, on which I swung heartily in solitude. Ten meters from the hut is a fire station from the 1930s from the neighboring village of Skobelevka:
Inside there is an exhibition of fire fighting equipment from the 19th century, but my shot turned out poorly.
From the fire station the path leads down, and you don’t even notice how you find yourself in the taiga:
This is a hunting stand, and it is made exceptionally strong. Forest twilight, the smell of pine needles, silence, and probably just a contrast with the sunny and bright territory of the rest of the museum - despite the wooden bridge and figures, you get the feeling that this is really a deep forest, and not a grove of 100x100 meters. There are a total of 4 buildings in the hunting camp:
Hut (these stood in the taiga and everyone could use them):
Overnight shelter:
And a storage shed, that is, a small barn on a leg for protection from animals.
The fourth building is a storage shed on two legs, but neither I nor the other visitors I met in this clearing were able to find it. But I liked this thing - it’s most similar to Shurale (Tatar analogue of Leshy):
And when you leave the taiga, you find yourself near the salt industrial complex. Yes, yes - this is an industrial landscape!
The fact is that salt industry technologies in the Urals have not changed for centuries - the first merchants in the 15th century, the Stroganovs in the 17th, and the last merchants in the 19th received salt in the same way. Although these buildings are a little over 100 years old, exactly the same saltworks were built 500 years ago. One of the salt plants has miraculously survived to this day - the Ust-Borovsk plant on the outskirts of Solikamsk, which has become a museum since 1972 (by the way, the first plant-museum in the Urals, and therefore in Russia). These buildings were taken from there, but the ensemble of the plant itself remains in its place (and there will be a separate post about it when we get to Solikamsk).
In Khokhlovka - not an ensemble, but one building at a time production cycle. The first is the brine lifting tower:
Permian salt was extracted in wells and boreholes, and the technology for pumping out brine was no different from pumping out oil. Wooden pipe - wellbore:
Another thinner wooden pipe is an in-plant pipeline through which brine was transferred between structures:
The second object is a salt chest, that is, a settling tank where the brine stood for several days until the sand settled::
The chest was brought to Khokhlovka entirely, without disassembly, on a barge along the Kama. If I’m not mistaken, there used to be two stalls in Khokhlovka, but one was returned to Solikamsk to replace the one that burned down there. The wood of the chest is corroded by salt, and at the same time it is salted so that it does not rot. From the salt-working buildings comes a completely indescribable but pleasant smell of salted wood.
Varnitsa is the main link in the salt production cycle. For some reason it was placed between the tower and the chest, but in fact purified brine went there:
Under the brewhouse there was a brick firebox, which consumed up to 10 cubic meters of firewood per day:
On the firebox lay a tsiren, or chren - a giant iron frying pan into which brine was poured. The moisture evaporated, the salt settled. The steam went up a wooden pipe, and the salt workers scooped out the salt with special rakes:
It was a nightmare of work - the temperature in the brewhouses was about 80 degrees, with 100% humidity..
The last link is the barn. Previously, there were two barns in Solikamsk, but in 2003 they burned down. In Khokhlovka, the barn is authentic.
The salt barns were gigantic in size - 50x25x15 meters. The salt was carried over the top via a carriage or ladder (this barn has a ladder in the tower). Salt harvesting is a job no less hellish than a salt maker: for a woman, the norm was a 3-pound bag, for a man, a 5-pound bag (that is, 45 and 65 kg, respectively), and they carried up to a thousand bags a day.
Hence the “Permyak - salty ears” - from sweat, salt settled on the body, corroded the skin, and the back, back of the head, and ears became covered with non-healing scabs. In general, this is now a joke, but before it was about the same as “a black man on a plantation.”
I will tell you more about Perm saltworks in posts about Solikamsk:
Near the saltworks there is an embankment, benches made of three half-logs, a fence and signs “Swimming is prohibited!” Behind the bay there are rocks:
By the way, another “attraction” of Khokhlovka is the signs “Do not walk on the grass! Ticks!” The encephalitis tick is indeed the most dangerous animal in the Urals; here people regularly die from encephalitis. But in Khokhlovka they rather protect the meadows in this way.
URAL FALSE-2010
45 km from Perm, near the village of Khokhlovka, on a picturesque high cape, on three sides
Washed by the waters of the Kama Reservoir, there is a quaint wooden town - this
Perm architectural and ethnographic open-air museum-reserve. Here in the square
In 42 hectares, 19 monuments of wooden architecture of Perm appear before visitors
Regions of the late XVII - early XX centuries. Many of them house interiors and exhibitions,
Created research assistants museum.
The idea of creating an open-air architectural museum was proposed back in 1966
The famous Perm architect A.S. Terekhin. In 1968, the chief architect of the region N.N.
Kukin proposed placing a museum of wooden architecture near the village. Khokhlovka. For the final
A commission headed by architect V.V. left Moscow to make decisions. Makovetsky. As a result
In April 1969, the Perm Regional Executive Committee adopted a resolution on the creation of a museum near Khokhlovka
Wooden architecture, the construction of which was entrusted to Perm specialized
Scientific restoration workshop. All work on the creation of the museum was financed by the All-Russian
The Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments, which spent in the 70-80s. over 2 million rubles,
And the regional department of culture. In March 1971, the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR approved
The preliminary design of the museum was developed by architects G.L. Katsko, G.D. Kantorovich and A.S.
Terekhin. According to this project, Perm restorers transported and restored
The territory of the museum includes 12 architectural monuments.
In the early 80s, a draft version was considered master plan completed
Architects of Permgrazhdanproekt N.D. Zelenina and F.N. Nigmatullina.
In 1981, specialists were brought in to detail the master plan of the Khokhlovka Museum
Moscow Design Institute. They proposed to allocate three territorial areas within the museum:
Ethnographic zones - Komi - Permyak sector, Northern and Southern Kama region, and two
Complex: salt industrial - structures of the Ust-Borovsky plant from Solikamsk
(technological cell) and agricultural with barns, barns, threshing floor, mills,
Fields. The exposition of each sector was based on something characteristic of a particular
People, region, typological settlement, as well as objects associated with traditional activities
Peoples: agriculture, hunting, fishing, various woodworking crafts,
Stone, metal, clay, leather, etc. The conducted research allowed the architects
Develop several options for placing future sectors and complexes on the museum’s territory
"Khokhlovka", which were considered at the scientific-restoration council of the association
"Rosrestavratsiya" in Moscow.
Almost at the Kama itself, in the most picturesque natural corner of the museum, there is a unique
Architectural ensemble industrial buildings associated with the ancient craft of our region -
Salt making.
The history of salt production in the Kama region goes back over five centuries. The first fishery was founded
At the beginning of the 15th century, and from the 16th century, Perm salt, or “Permyanka”, became known in many
Districts of the Russian state. The main salt production areas in the Kama region were Solikamsk,
Pyskor, Dedyukhin, Lenva, Usolye. All buildings of the salt complex were removed from the city
Solikamsk from the Ust-Borovsk salt plant, founded in 1882 by an industrialist
A.V. Ryazantsev - it’s interesting that the “Ryazantsev saltworks” closed recently, in January 1972
All is concentrated here process obtaining salt: from pumping brine from
Wells before loading. The brine was pumped out of the ground. For this purpose, a well was built, drilling
Which lasted from 3 to 5 years. A mother pipe made of pine logs was driven into the ground
The diameter “from edge to edge arshin less two inches” is 62 centimeters! They lifted it in buckets
Brine. Since the 17th century pumps began to be used - a brine lifting frame appeared above the well
The tower, the prototype of which, as some researchers believe, was the fortress tower.
The complex was transported on a barge from the Ust-Borovsk salt plant in Solikamsk, where back in the 15th
For centuries, the world-famous Permian salt was brewed. The authors of the restoration project are architects
G.D. Kantorovich, G.L. Katsko, T.K. Muksimov. The salt complex includes several buildings:
a 12-meter brine lifting tower, a salt settling tank, into which wooden pipes
The brine flowed by gravity. A chest weighing more than 100 tons, at the suggestion of Perm restorers,
Transported to the museum without disassembly. From the chest the brine flowed into the brewhouse, inside which
There is a stove, and above it a tsiren, a cast-iron frying pan, was fastened on chains, where
The brine was evaporated. The length of the salt barn is 28 m. The barns were placed on "ryazhi" -
Log cages that protected the salt from getting wet during river floods - and divided
The compartments were bins where salt was loaded from above.
In 1984, a discussion and approval of the draft master development plan took place
Architectural and Ethnographic Museum of the detailed layout of the Komi-Permyak sector, -
Developed by a group of restoration architects from the Spetsproektrestavratsiya Institute under
The management of E.Yu. Baranovsky. According to the project, the Komi-Permyak sector is located at
The entrance area is on the site of the current village of Gora. It includes 5-6 peasant estates, including
The estate of a wealthy peasant and the hut of a poor man, a hunter's winter hut and other objects.
Above is the “Northern Kama Region” sector with unique wooden buildings,
Wonderful examples of residential architecture. The basis planning structure Russian
The settlement accepted the development of the village. Yanidor, Cherdynsky district. Shown here
Vehicles- boats, barges, carts, sleighs, drags, which were widely used in
Economy of the northern peoples.
The core of the “Southern Kama Region” sector is made up of a bell tower brought from the village. Cheese, pointed
The tent of which is visible from afar, and the Church of the Virgin Mary from the village. Tokhtarevo (cut down in 1694),
Captivating with its beauty and grace. Both monuments were removed from the Suksun region and
Installed on the highest point of the peninsula. Around them there will be estates,
Utility buildings. Peasant crafts will be widely represented in this part of the museum.
And the crafts will reflect the culture and life of not only the Russian, but also the Tatar and other
Peoples.
Photo and text source.