Perm, Museums
Khokhlovka is the first architectural ethnographical museum wooden architecture under the open sky. The museum began to be created in 1969 and was opened to visitors in September 1980. The territory of 43 hectares contains the most attractive, interesting and historically significant buildings from all over the once Perm province.
For example, the unique architectural complex of the Ust-Borovsk salt plant, exported from Solikamsk, demonstrates technological process obtaining salt: from pumping brine from the well to loading. For this purpose, on the territory of Khokhlovka, in its most picturesque part on the banks of the Kama, there is a 12-meter brine lifting tower, a salt settling tank, a brewhouse and a salt barn. The extraction of salt is one of the important milestones in the history of the region, and it is not for nothing that they call Permyak. This nickname has been earned through hard work for more than five centuries.
In addition to the salt-making complex, 19 more monuments of wooden architecture from the late 17th - early 20th centuries have been collected in Khokhlovka.
In another part of the Museum, on the site of the current village of Gora, the Komi-Permyak sector is located. 5-6 peasant estates are located here, and any tourist will be curious to look into the estate of a wealthy peasant, into the hut of a poor Komi-Permyak and into the winter hut of a hunter.
Having risen higher, we will find ourselves in the “Northern Kama Region” sector. Here you can stroll between unique wooden buildings, which are examples of residential architecture of the region. The village of Yanidor, Cherdynsky district, became the model for this sector of Khokhlovka. The development of this village turned out to be typical for settlements in the northern territories of the Perm Territory. Here you can also get acquainted with a variety of vehicles - boats, barges, carts, sleighs, drags, which were widely used in the economy northern peoples.
A special place in the “Southern Kama Region” sector is occupied by a bell tower brought from the village of Syra. The peaked tent of the bell tower is visible from afar. She is the center of this exhibition under open air, sharing primacy with the Mother of God Church from the village of Tokhtarevo (cut down in 1694). This church captivates the viewer with its beauty and grace. Both architectural monuments were brought from the Suksun region and geographically installed on the very high point peninsula.
“Khokhlovka surprises not only with its monuments of wooden architecture. Main secret- in harmony of architecture and nature: from the top of the hill there is a view of a landscape of rare beauty - expanses of the river surface, wooded hills, rocks along the bay; spruce forest alternates with birch groves, juniper thickets are adjacent to rowan, bird cherry, and viburnum. And in winter you can take a break from the bustle of the city by enjoying beautiful landscape, see the icy expanses of the Kama, snow-covered roofs of churches, Winter sun in a thick, weightless haze on white expanses...” - This is how those who have been there poetically describe the Museum.
Distance to Perm: 40 km.
How to get there:
By car on the road in the direction of Ilyinsky, turn onto Khokhlovka. Parking and the entrance to the museum are located next to the road.
Khokhlovka (Perm region, Russia) - expositions, opening hours, address, phone numbers, official website.
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Architectural and Ethnographic Museum of Wooden Architecture "Khokhlovka" is one of the main attractions of the Perm region, attracting many visitors every year. Located on the picturesque bank of the Kama River near the village of Khokhlovka, the museum was founded in 1945 as a branch of the Perm Museum of Local Lore, and only in 1980 the museum was opened to its first visitors.
The buildings associated with salt mining are of greatest interest in Khokhlovka; as well as churches made in the best traditions of Russian wooden architecture.
Exposition
The museum's exposition consists of 23 monuments of wooden architecture, located in the open air and dating from the 17th to 20th centuries. The entire territory of the museum is divided into several sectors: Northwestern, Northern and Southern Kama, each of which has its own architecture.
The buildings associated with salt mining are of greatest interest in Khokhlovka; as well as churches made in the best traditions of Russian wooden architecture. All buildings of the Khokhlovki salt complex were removed from the Ust-Borovsky salt plant in Solikamsk and include a 12-meter brine lifting tower, a salt settling tank, a chest weighing more than 100 tons, a brewhouse and a salt barn 28 m long.
Unique examples of residential architecture are concentrated in the Northern Kama region, but in the Southern Kama region there is the bell tower of the Trinity Church, brought from the village of Syra, and the Church of the Virgin Mary from the village of Tokhtarevo, Suksun region, which is a rare monument of Russian wooden architecture of the 17th century.
Events
For ten years in a row, the music ethnofestival KAMWA has been taking place in Khokhlovka. This is one of the main musical events in the Perm region: a lot of different ethnic music, master classes, fashion shows in ethno-style and a folk crafts fair. “Kamva” is held in the summer, at the end of July - beginning of August.
The expanses of Khokhlovka from a bird's eye view
How to get there and opening hours
You can get to Khokhlovka by car from Perm (45 km) or by suburban bus No. 340 “Perm - Khokhlovka”.
The museum is open to visitors daily from May to October from 10:00 to 18:00. At other times - by appointment only. Price entrance ticket- 130 RUB, for students and pensioners - 80 RUB, children under 18 years old - free, excursions - from 140 RUB per person. Prices on the page are as of November 2018.
Not far from the city of Perm, near the village of Khokhlovka, in the open air there is the Khokhlovka Museum of the same name - an architectural and ethnographic branch of the Perm Regional Museum.
The location of the Perm region, which is also called the Kama region or the Western Urals, on the geographical border of Europe and Asia, determined that Trade routes connecting the East and West ran through this territory. Ancient tribes of Slavs, Turkic and Finno-Ugric peoples settled and lived here. Mounds, burial grounds, settlements and other archaeological monuments of bygone times are evidence of the rich history of the Western Urals.
The cultural traditions of the region are known far beyond its borders, along with its famous natural resources. In 1890, the Ural Society of Natural History Lovers was founded local history museum, which opened to visitors in 1894. The museum has become a kind of center of culture and science in the Perm region. In the second half of the 20th century, work began on organizing a branch of the museum in Khokhlovka - an architectural and ethnographic museum of wooden architecture, which became the first museum of this type in the Urals.
Khokhlovka Museum
Occupies more than 40 hectares museum complex Khokhlovka is one of the most big museums in the Kama region. The Varnach Peninsula was chosen as the location for the architectural monuments. Exhibits of wooden architecture blend harmoniously into the surrounding landscape and allow you to enjoy a weekend admiring the combination of natural and man-made masterpieces.
Since 1969, the museum has been collecting wooden buildings from the 17th-19th centuries from all over the Western Urals for several decades.
And in 1980, a fairy-tale village similar to Berendey’s kingdom was opened to visitors, where there are churches and a bell tower, a windmill and a fire tower, peasant huts and estates.
Here you can clearly see how our ancestors lived.
The museum complex of wooden architecture unites 23 architectural and historical monuments of several centuries, representing the traditions and culture of the peoples of the Kama region.
Three zones are distinguished on the territory of the museum: Southern Kama region, Northwestern (Komi-Permyak district), Northern Kama region. The separation of sectors was associated with characteristic features architectural traditions of the selected regions of the Kama region.
Each of the wooden buildings was brought from different corners Prikamye, many of them are at least two centuries old. For example, the Church of the Transfiguration of the early 18th century. was transported from the village of Yanidor, Cherdyn region. The Church of the Mother of God of the late 17th century was moved from the Suksun district to the museum. - from the village of Tokhtarevo, the Bell Tower of the late 18th century. - from the village of Syra, and a watchtower from the 17th century. - from the village of Torgovishche. The fire station from the 1930s was brought from the village of Skobelevka, Perm region.
Main exhibit
The Church of the Virgin Mary is the oldest building. The entrance to the building is preceded by a fairly high staircase leading directly to the second floor. The lower tier was used to store grain and church utensils.
Next to the church, at the highest point of the peninsula, there is a bell tower, which, together with the cross, reaches a height of thirty meters. This is the only wooden bell tower in the Perm region that has survived to this day.
Interiors and exhibitions
Most buildings are open for inspection from the inside (sometimes they can be closed for restoration).
Inside there are stylized interiors of a bygone era.
You can see how the residents of Prikamsk lived in the last century and the century before last, how they managed their household and everyday life, where they prayed, where they worked. Many household items clearly show the level of technology development in those days.
Despite the fairly simple technologies used in the construction of wooden houses in those days, they look quite cozy.
Household utensils, dishes, furniture and clothing are presented to visitors. In this unique museum you can not only look at the exhibits, but also study them in action.
Various events are regularly held on the territory of the museum. holiday events, For example:
- during the New Year and Christmas holidays - New Year's fun
- in February or March - Farewell to Maslenitsa
- in the summer - Trinity and Yablochny Spas
- choir festival “Pevchevskoye Pole Prikamye”
- music festival "Movement"
- ethnofuturistic festival "Kamva"
“Permyak - salty ears”
The salt industrial complex brought to the Khokhlovka Museum from Solikamsk deserves special attention.
Until the 17th century, salt was expensive in Russia, since due to a lack of explored deposits it had to be purchased abroad. And in the Kama region, groundwater, saturated with salt, came directly to the surface. Salt boiling has become the leading industry in the Perm region. But working conditions in such production were very difficult. Salt was everywhere, in the air. Often the workers' ears were even corroded. That's how the saying came about. In the vicinity of Solikamsk and Usolye, even today you can find springs, the banks of which are covered with salt crystals.
Going down to the salt industrial complex, one cannot help but stop at the “Hunting Camp” exposition, which represents the hunting of North Prikamsk hunters. The silence and twilight of the forest create an amazing impression, as if you are in the deep taiga. The small house was a refuge for tired hunters; in the half-hut one could light a fire and shelter from the wind, and in a hanging storehouse one could hide supplies from animals.
How to get there
An asphalt road leads to the Museum, so you can get to Khokhlovka either by personal transport or by regular bus. From Perm to the complex it is just over 40 kilometers, which is less than an hour by car.
Regular bus to Khokhlovka No. 340 runs from the central bus station. There is also a transport connection from the Upper Mulls through the Central Market (bus No. 487). The routes do not operate frequently, so it is better to check their departure times in advance.
The Khokhlovka Architectural and Ethnographic Museum is the first open-air museum of wooden architecture in the Urals. The museum began to be created in 1969 and was opened to visitors in September 1980. The museum ensemble is located on the picturesque bank of the Kama River, 43 km away. from Perm near the village. Khokhlovka (Perm region). It includes 23 monuments of wooden architecture from the late 17th to the second half of the 20th centuries, which represent the best examples of traditional and religious architecture of the peoples of the Kama region. Many monuments have ethno-stylized interiors and exhibition complexes. The museum area is divided into several sectors: Northwestern (Komi-Permyak district), Northern and Southern Kama region. Each of these conventional districts of the Kama region is characterized by its own architecture. Mass events that have become traditional are held here annually - holidays of the national calendar, folklore musical holidays, military-historical and art festivals. The most popular are Maslenitsa, Trinity, Apple Spas. Also in Khokhlovka there is a popular Perm festival "KAMVA". Entrance to the museum territory is from 100 to 200 rubles per person. How to get there: By suburban bus No. 340 "Perm-Khokhlovka". The bus runs from the Perm bus station 3-4 times a day.
On the picturesque banks of the Kama River, near the village Khokhlovka(Perm region), on an area of 42 hectares there is an amazing open-air museum. Its exhibits are unique examples of wooden architecture, characteristic of this region and brought here from various parts of it. 23 objects dating from the end of the 17th century to the first half of the 20th century are collected here. All of them represent the best examples of folk construction and artistic culture Perm region.
Founding history
The proposal to create such an amazing corner came back in 1966. The famous Perm architect A.S. was inspired by this idea. Terekhin. Two years later, a site was selected for the future museum of wooden architecture. It became a plot of land located near the village of Khokhlovka (emphasis on the first “o”), which gave the name to the museum.
The final decision to create the complex was made in April 1969, and in March 1971 the museum project was approved. The already mentioned Terekhin took part in its compilation in company with others no less famous architects G.D. Kantorovich and G.L. Katsko.
The grand opening of the Khokhlovka Museum of Wooden Architecture to visitors took place in September 1980. It immediately became a center of attraction for tourists in the Perm region. Its exhibits show the history of Russian wooden architecture, the traditional way of life and the main crafts of the Russian people.
Territorial-ethnographic areas
The Khokhlovka Museum is divided into three territorial and ethnographic sections: Southern, Northern and Northwestern Prikamye. Each of them presents examples of the architecture of these conventional regions of the Kama region. For example, in the Southern Kama region you can see objects of church architecture - Church of the Virgin Mary And bell tower. They are located on the highest section of the open-air museum and are surrounded by utility and residential buildings. Entering this corner of Khokhlovka, you can feel like a resident of that era. The main types of crafts of our ancestors who inhabited the southern lands of the present Perm Territory are also presented here.
Northern Prikamye demonstrates to museum visitors examples of residential and church (Church of the Transfiguration) architecture of northern peoples, as well as vehicles(terrestrial and aquatic) used by them in economic purposes. The North-Western Kama region (or the Komi-Permyak sector) is entirely devoted to residential buildings. Here you can look at a good-quality hut of a wealthy peasant, a poor man’s hut, a hunter’s winter home and some other buildings.
Main objects of Khokhlovka
These undoubtedly include Church of the Virgin Mary And Church of the Transfiguration, bell tower, Kudymov estate, watchtower, fire station, windmill, Nikolskaya saltworks and Mikhailovsky salt chest.
Church of the Virgin Mary dates from 1694. This is one of the oldest wooden buildings in the Perm region. Its location was the village of Tokhtarevo, in the Suksun district. There it was part of a church complex that consisted of two churches and a bell tower. It was brought to the museum in 1980.
This monument of wooden architecture belongs to the oldest church in Kleti. It consists of a refectory, an altar and a porch. Interior decoration The church is very modest, but contains everything necessary for worship and carrying out all the actions required during the service.
Bell tower located near the Church of the Virgin Mary. Its height, together with the cross, reaches 30 m. It was erected in 1781 in the village of Syra (Suksun region), from where it was delivered to the museum during the years of its creation. This is the only wooden bell tower built in the Perm region that has survived to this day.
A wooden staircase leads to the belfry, located in the bell tower at a height of 20 m. The structure is covered by a tall tent, decorated with carved elements reminiscent of the rays of the sun.
Church of the Transfiguration“originally” from the village of Yanidor (Cherdynsky district). She was brought to Khokhlovka five years later by Bogoroditskaya. The year of construction of this exhibit is 1707.
The Church of the Transfiguration was built on top level then construction. The logs in its walls are so tightly connected to each other that they do not allow the cold to pass through at all. In this regard, the walls of the structure did not have to be insulated additional materials in winter. In addition to the traditional interior spaces for churches of that time, there is a covered gallery where people awaiting services could take shelter from bad weather.
Kudymov Estate is an example of residential wooden architecture from the 18th century. It was located in the Yusvensky district, in the village of Yashkino. In addition to the residential building, this exhibit includes a bathhouse, a barn, a glacier, and a gate with a fence. Kudymov's estate is not distinguished by its luxurious decoration, but it is made very well. The carefully thought-out design of the roof reliably protects it from leaks, and the central object of the house, as was customary in Rus', is an exemplary stove.
Watch tower was erected in the 17th century in the village of Torgovishche, Suksun district. It was part of a complex of eight watchtowers connected by a palisade. This security complex, traditional for the Russian people, was located on the Sylva River, along which the waterway passed in those days.
A fire that occurred in 1899 almost completely destroyed the tower, but the village residents restored it by their own efforts by 1905. In its restored form, it “arrived” at the Khokhlovsky Museum of Wooden Architecture.
Fire station was built in the village of Skobelevka in the 30s of the twentieth century. Distinctive feature This building is a high tower - a kalancha. It was the largest building in the village, and on its top sat a guard. the main task the last thing is to observe whether smoke has appeared somewhere. In case of danger, a signal was given using a bell.
At the foot of the fire station tower there are several service buildings that housed firefighters, horses and carts with barrels filled with water, as well as other firefighting equipment. Every museum visitor can get acquainted with these simple devices.
Windmill dates back to the 19th century, and the initiator of its appearance was one of the wealthy peasants of the village of Shikhari (Ochersky district) Rakhmanov. This is the only windmill built in the Perm region that has survived to this day. A distinctive feature of this structure is that the roof with the blades attached to it can be rotated. Such an ingenious device was invented by the builders of that time in order to turn the windmill after the wind suddenly changed direction and thereby ensure the uninterrupted operation of the mill.
Nikolskaya saltworks and the Mikhailovsky salt chest are part of the complex of salt factory buildings. This fishery was the main one for the residents of the Perm region. Both of these objects, along with some others, were brought from the city of Solikamsk, where they were erected in 1880.
Saltworks It is a square structure, inside of which there is a furnace for evaporating salt, an exhaust pipe and a floor for drying the resulting raw materials. The Mikhailovsky salt chest looks like a wooden hut and weighs over 100 tons. It was intended for storing brine and distributing it later among the brewhouses.
During a tour of the salt production complex, you can get acquainted in detail with the features of this industry and learn the history of the emergence and development of salt production in the Perm region.
How to get there and when to visit
A commuter bus takes everyone from Perm to Khokhlovka to the museum. The distance between these settlements is only 45 km.
The Khokhlovsky Museum is open daily: from June to October - from 10 am to 6 pm, and from November to May - from 9 am to 5 pm.
The entrance ticket price per person is 120 rubles. An excursion for a group of 10 people will cost 70 rubles. from every visitor.