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There are cemeteries in Russia where ordinary people it's almost impossible to get in. Only those who have certain services to the Fatherland deserve burial there. One of the most famous is the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow. Here are the graves of politicians, actors, poets, show business stars, as well as other celebrities.
Death is an unpleasant event in people's lives that can come both unexpectedly and expectedly. Be that as it may, every deceased person must undergo a funeral ceremony. Which method to choose is the decision of loved ones or the last will of the deceased. On given time There are 2 most common types:
- burial in the ground
- cremation.
Regardless of which method is chosen, you should worry about the burial place. And here some difficulties may arise.
If in small villages and towns there are no problems with space in cemeteries, then in big cities it is a real disaster. Not only is it difficult to choose what you want, but the prices are also quite high. In addition, due to the large number of deaths, some cemeteries are closed, and they do not particularly care about opening new ones.
In addition, there is a tendency to move such funeral areas outside the city. Getting to such places is not that convenient, but that doesn't really interest anyone. That is why many people make one grave.
Moscow Novodevichy Cemetery
It is considered one of the most famous cemeteries in Moscow. The year of its foundation is considered to be 1898, near the walls of the Novodevichy Convent. The first burials were made here in the 16th century. These were the nuns of the monastery. Later they began to bury the other deceased.
Since over time the territory was almost full, they decided to allocate another plot of land for expansion. The official opening took place in 1904. Now the old part is called the Old Novodevichy Cemetery, and the modern part is called the New Novodevichy Cemetery.
Nowadays it is also called the necropolis. According to some sources, about 26,000 people are buried here, and the territory reaches 8 hectares of land.
How to get to Novodevichy Cemetery
Its location address: Luzhnetsky passage, 2. You can get there at:
- metro,
- bus,
- trolleybus.
If you choose the metro, you should get off at Sportivnaya station. Turn right and walk along 10th Anniversary of October Street. You will see a monastery. turn left and walk along the wall to the cemetery gate. You can also get there by buses number 64, 132 or trolleybus 5.15.
Opening hours
The opening hours of the Novodevichy Cemetery for visitors are as follows: from Monday to Sunday from 10.00 to 17.00.
Who is buried at Novodevichy Cemetery
Some historical documents say that here lie the remains of the daughter of Ivan the Terrible, the daughters of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the sister of Peter 1 and Tsarina Sophia, the wife of Peter 1. Also in the 19th century, wealthy merchants, political and public figures, scientists, writers, musicians.
In 1922, the cemetery was given the status of a museum and taken under state protection. Over the course of 8 years, a park with alleys was laid out on the territory of the necropolis. With such improvement of the territory, it was damaged and destroyed a large number of ancient graves, and many were damaged.
As already mentioned, burials began to take place on the territory in the 19th century. famous people. The entire territory is divided into 4 sectors. But areas 5 to 8 began to be used only in the 20th century. Also on the territory of the New Novodevichy Cemetery, a columbarium was built, where urns with the ashes of the dead are buried. Currently there are about 7,000 urns here. The most famous is Yeltsin’s grave at the Novodevichy cemetery.
But already in the 80s, the newest territory of the cemetery appeared. Previously, there was a stone-masonry workshop in its place.
As already mentioned, this burial place is not intended for mere mortals. Mostly those who have certain merits are buried here. Among them are a large number of pop stars, poets, actors, politicians and other celebrities. Separately long time we can talk about the monuments at the Novodevichy cemetery. Some of them are architectural masterpieces. Among them there are sculptures in full height, and quite extraordinary monumental compositions.
This cemetery contains the burials of the following famous people:
- political figures: B. Yeltsin, N.S. Khrushchev, R.M. Gorbachev, A.I. Lebed;
- writers: I.A.Ilf, M.A.Bulgakov, A.N.Tolstoy, S.Ya.Marshak, V.M.Shukshin;
- actors: O.I. Yankovsky, L.P. Orlov, Y. Nikulin, E. Leonov, R. Bykov, A. Papanov, I. Smoktunovsky, V. Tikhonov;
- singers: M. Bernes, L. Ruslanova, A. Vertinsky;
- announcer - Yuri Levitan;
- aircraft designer - A.N. Tupolev;
- pilot-cosmonauts - G. Titov and G. Beregovoi;
- directors - S. Bondarchuk, S. Gerasimov.
Among such famous people, the person Ilya Glazunov stands out. He was folk artist THE USSR. After he died on July 9, it was decided to hold the funeral of Ilya Glazunov at the Novodevichy cemetery next to the grave of Vladimir Zeldin.
The graves of celebrities at the Novodevichy Cemetery are located throughout the territory. After all, their location depends on the time of their death. Many people want to see their tombstones and therefore come to the cemetery. And demand, as we know, creates supply. They began to conduct excursions on the territory of the cemetery for everyone who wants to see all the graves and not have to look for them among others.
Since the territory of the cemetery is no longer increasing, and accordingly there are no more places available for this, it was decided that the Federal Military Memorial Cemetery in Mytishchi or Troekurovskoye could become the further resting place of the first persons of the state. An application for such a decision was announced back in 2007 by the head of the presidential affairs, Vladimir Kozhin, after the death of Mstislav Rostropovich. But nevertheless, burials are still carried out.
Currently, this cemetery is a place of frequent visits by tourists. Many tombstones were made by famous sculptors. Also, a large number of urns with ashes and graves are classified as monuments cultural heritage regional and federal significance.
The Lord is always with you!
The Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow is no less famous than the Kremlin; it is a burial place for the dead. The territory of seven and a half hectares of land is the whole history of the Russian people.
History of origin
The Novodevichy cemetery arose next to the monastery of the same name in 1898, which is located on the peninsula in Luzhniki. The monastery was founded by the prince Vasily III and is dedicated to the liberation of Smolensk from the Lithuanian invasion.
There are several versions of the origin of the name of the monastery. According to one of them, it came from the field on which it is located. Once upon a time, the Tatars selected Russian girls for themselves. Another version connects the name of the monastery with its first nun, Elena Devochkina.
One way or another, this place has a rich history: the monastery burned down more than once, moved from hand to hand, was used as a laundry, a gym, and a kindergarten.
A cemetery was founded next to the monastery for the rest of the nuns. One of the first to be buried here was the author of the Novodevichy Convent, N. E. Efimov.
For a long period there were few burials in this place. However, over time, the Novodevichy cemetery became one of the most expensive and elite burial places. The graves of celebrities of national and cultural-historical levels are there at every step.
Who was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery?
People from high circles found their last refuge under the Novodevichy Convent. These were statesmen - military leaders and ministers, artists and sculptors, poets and writers, academics and scientists. The individuals buried at Novodevichy Cemetery are known to many. These are (poetess), V. Bryusov (playwright), A. Chekhov and N. Chukovsky (writers), artists and sculptors A. Bubnov, N. Zhukov, V. Svarog, V. Shestakov. There are many relatives of famous politicians here - the wives of Stalin, Brezhnev, Gorbachev, Dzerzhinsky.
There were no cheap, let alone free, places at the Novodevichy cemetery. It was and remains one of the richest and most comfortable burial places. In this regard, the graves were repeatedly subjected to abuse and vandalism. After the revolution, in 1917-1920, most of the tombstones, crosses, sculptures and fences were destroyed or taken away.
History of Russia in burials
After October revolution It was decided to make the Novodevichy cemetery a burial place for “persons of social standing.” In 1930, the graves of N.V. Gogol, D.V. Venevitinov, S.T. Aksakov, I.I. Levitan, M.N. Ermolova and other public figures were moved to the Novodevichy Cemetery. Celebrity graves take center stage here.
Geographically, the churchyard consists of three parts: the old cemetery (1-4th sections), the new (5-8th) and the newest cemetery (9-11th). During its history, it was expanded three times. About 26,000 people are buried in the necropolis.
A lot of historical figures buried in the old site. Among them are M. Bulgakov and his wife, A. N. Tolstoy, V. V. Mayakovsky, I. A. Ilf, S. Ya. Marshak, V. M. Shukshin, V. I. Vernadsky, P. P. Kashchenko, A.I. Abrikosov, I.M. Sechenov, L.M. Kaganovich, V.M. Molotov, V.S. Chernomyrdin, N.S. Alliluyeva (Stalin’s second wife) and many others.
The "new" territory of the cemetery is a columbarium for urns with ashes, which contains about 7,000 urns. There are the ashes of writers A. Tvardovsky and S. Mikhalkov, aircraft designer A. N. Tupolev, and the grave of the great actor of all times - Yuri Nikulin. Politicians B. Yeltsin and N. Khrushchev rest in these places.
The “newest” site is the burials of figures Russian culture, among whom are E. Leonov, L. Gurchenko, M. Ulyanov, N. Kryuchkov, S. Bondarchuk, A. Schnittke and hundreds of other people.
Novodevichy Cemetery - a tourism destination
The Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow is one of the ten most beautiful and unique burial grounds in the world. It is a cultural and memorial property of Russia, and is also included in the UNESCO heritage list.
It is not surprising that this burial place is on the list of many travel companies in Moscow. Indeed, in addition to the graves of celebrities, the Novodevichy cemetery is filled with works of famous sculptors and architects. Tombstones The Novodevichy Cemetery was completed by such creators as M. Anikushin, E. Vuchetich, S. Konenkov, V. Mukhina, N. Tomsky, G. Schultz. The works were made in the New Russian style; neoclassicism and modernism were also used.
Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow: secrets and mysticism
The land of the Novodevichy cemetery has absorbed a lot of human tears and grief throughout its history. And although it may sound paradoxical, the churchyard gave healing and hope to many women. Perhaps this is all because his fate, like the fate of the monastery, was largely determined by the feminine principle. Here lie many female individuals who were deeply unhappy during their lifetime. They loved and suffered, believed and hoped, but did not find happiness. Now the “sufferers” are in better world, and their energy is capable of healing and healing. She helps to find female happiness - to meet your destiny, get married, give birth to a long-awaited child...
More than one eyewitness claims that strange silhouettes and shadows were seen during walks around the burial sites. Perhaps this is Abbess Devochkina, who has been protecting these lands for centuries. Maybe it’s Stalin mourning at his wife’s grave. Or maybe Gogol is looking for those who violated his grave? They say that when the writer was reburied, his body lay on its side and without a head. According to one version, the head was stolen by an unknown collector.
The most visited monument at the Novodevichy Cemetery
A lot of famous people rests at the Novodevichy cemetery. However, not all tourists are attracted to such gloomy places. This churchyard is an exception. There are hundreds of people who want to visit the burial places of great cultural and political figures.
The Moscow Novodevichy Cemetery is known far beyond the capital. The remains of great figures of science, culture and art, and prominent politicians rest in this shelter for the dead.
The territory of the cemetery is huge - as much as 7 and a half hectares. It continues to grow. It all started with a modest burial at, founded in the 16th century. Prince Vasily III. At first, the deceased nuns of the monastery were buried here. The monastery gave its name to the cemetery. The name of the most holy place, according to legend, comes from the Maiden Field, where the Tatars in ancient times selected Russian beauties for themselves.
Before the October Revolution and a decade after it, nuns and ordinary Muscovites were buried at Novodevichy. It became privileged in the late 20s. last century, when the government of the country decided that only people who occupied a prominent social position would be buried here. On this land the writers V. Mayakovsky, V. Bryusov, A. Chekhov, A. Tvardovsky, B. Akhmadullina, V. Shukshin and many others found eternal peace; political figures - V. Chernomyrdin, A. Gromyko, B. Yeltsin, M. Gorbachev’s wife Raisa Maksimovna; artists - I. Levitan, V. Serov; actors and directors - S. Bondarchuk, E. Evstigneev. There is a special “Mkhatovskaya Alley” at the cemetery.
The territory of the eternal resting place of outstanding people of Russia is divided into Old, New and Newest cemeteries. There is a special office where you can book an excursion. The “cemetery guide” will show you the most famous graves and tell you about interesting facts related to the life and death of our wonderful compatriots.
So, during the excursion you can find out that Vasily Shukshin was buried in a “privileged” cemetery against the will of his mother, who wanted the body to be delivered to her son’s homeland - Siberia.
An interesting and rather unexpected story is about Stalin’s wife Nadezhda Alliluyeva. It turns out that the unbending “leader of the peoples,” who accused her of treason at his wife’s grave (Nadezhda committed suicide for unknown reasons), often came here secretly at night and was sad at her grave.
The most misterious story Novodevichy is associated with the name of Gogol. When his grave was opened, it was discovered that the coffin had damage from inside, and the corpse’s head is missing. They say, great writer It was not in vain that he was afraid that he would be buried alive... Scientists have been disproving these legends and speculations for decades, but among the people they are still alive.
The Novodevichy Cemetery also became famous thanks to its architectural monuments. Many tombstones are real works of art, creations of brilliant sculptors. This last refuge of many famous people of Russia is included in the List World Heritage UNESCO. Silence and tranquility reign everywhere here. In this land lie those who created our history, whose names are written in school textbooks. No matter how we treat them, their memory is worthy of our respect. Peace and rest to their ashes...
Urns with the ashes of stratonauts
Cemeteries speak better about the history of Russia than all the textbooks and howls of propagandists. Novodevichye is a cemetery where the founders of the state lie, their graves are the foundation of Russia.
Novodevichye is the second most important cemetery in Russia. The first is the Mausoleum and the Kremlin wall. But today Novodevichye is becoming the main burial place for distinguished persons.
There are never many people at Novodevichy (unless someone important is being buried, but there are very few significant people these days). During a 4-5 hour tour of the cemetery, it’s good if you meet 30-40 people. This is not counting foreign tourists- they are brought in in large groups, but they are taken to see only 10-15 “main” graves - Yeltsin, Chaliapin, Nadezhda Alliluyeva, etc. Most of the tombstones, fences and monuments are unkempt, rickety, areas are overgrown with weeds, and the inscriptions have been erased by time. There are a lot of thrushes and starlings in the tree branches, but for some reason there are no crows at all.
Alfred Schnittke
Arkady Raikin
Belaa Akhmadullina
Artyom Borovik, journalist
Nobel laureate, academician Ginzburg
Legendary personality - Ari Abramovich Sternfeld. Dry lines of biography about him:
He calculated and theoretically studied many space flight trajectories, determining the energetically optimal ones. These trajectories, with a preliminary distance from the target, allowing significant fuel savings, are called “Sternfeld”. He introduced the concept of cosmic velocities and calculated their starting values. Formulated the problem of the existence of “space navigation seasons.” The terms “cosmonautics” and “first cosmic velocity” were introduced by him for the first time in his book “Introduction to Cosmonautics” (1934; in Russian - Moscow, 1937). For the first time, he applied the theory of relativity to analyze interstellar flights, to improve the accuracy of trajectory calculations, and proved that reaching the stars is, in principle, possible during a human lifetime.
Back in 1932, Sternfeld, at the invitation of the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry, came to Moscow to formalize his project on an android robot. Android, like two other inventions: devices for recording the movements of human organs and a screw press with controlled force, Sternfeld proposed using when performing labor-intensive and dangerous work on earth and in space.
In 1934, through the USSR Trade Representation in Paris, Sternfeld transferred a copy of his typewritten manuscript to French“Initiation à la Cosmonautique” (“Introduction to Cosmonautics”) in Moscow.
A year later, in June 1935, having left almost all of his scientific and personal archives with his parents in Lodz and taking only the essentials, he and his wife came to Soviet Union for permanent residence."
Well, then the theoretical and practical work in closed research institutes for astronautics. Interestingly, it was Sternfeld who first introduced Europe to Tsiolkovsky, whom he considered his teacher, corresponded and was friends with him until his death. In 1932, he translated and published part of Tsiolkovsky's works in the French communist newspaper L'Humanité. At the same time, Tsiolkovsky sent him his photograph, and the world saw the face of the Russian cosmologist for the first time on the pages of Western media.
Surgeon Bakulev
Poet Velimir Khlebnikov and his relatives
General Eternal and his wife. And what is Pyotr Zigmundovich “Vernon Kress” (writer Demant) doing in this grave?
He is a subject of Austria-Hungary, lived in Bukovina. After the collapse of the empire, he graduated from universities in Brno and Aachen, Germany, and served as an officer in the Romanian army (Bukovina then went to Romania). In 1940 he became a Soviet citizen. June 13, 1941 among large group Chernivtsi Jews were arrested by the NKVD and on June 18 deported to Siberia (Narym region).
Peter Demant managed to escape from the settlement (Pudino), but after 5 months of taiga wanderings he was caught, accused of spying for Austria and sentenced to 5 years in the camps and 5 years of loss of rights. Soon after his release, he was arrested again and convicted on charges of counter-revolutionary activities. From September 1946, he served time in the Asino camp in the Tomsk region, then worked on a pig farm in the Usvitlovsky invalid camp, at the New Pioneer mine.
Released in 1953 under an amnesty, he worked for 23 years as a loader in the trading office of the labor supply department in the village of Yagodnoye, Magadan Region. In 1975 he received a passport.
In 1978, he was allowed to move to Crimea. Having married Irina Petrovna Vechnaya, the daughter of a prominent Soviet military leader, he got the opportunity to go to Moscow with her. At the same time, without hope of publication, he began to write prose of a memoir nature. In 1992, a small edition of the publishing house published a book of the writer’s memoirs about camp life"Zekameron of the 20th century."
A number of mass graves are victims of the crashes of airships and the Maxim Gorky plane in 1936-38. The ashes of these people are mounted in the wall of the Novodevichy Convent:
Director Dziga Vertov
Several thousand urns containing ashes are built into the walls of the cemetery. These are mainly burials from the 1930s-60s. Very often epitaphs, poems, and parting words are engraved on the slabs there.
The grave of the first president of Russia - Yeltsin. There are very few flowers from fans of his work. Ironically, he is buried close to the grave of the magician Kio
And here is Kyo’s grave itself:
Young Guard Zhora officially died three times. The first time Zhora was confused with another underground fighter, thrown into a mine in Krasnodonsk by the Germans and Cossack collaborators. The second - at the end of 1944 on the battlefield, confusing him with another fighter. And both times the mothers sent funeral messages for George. The third death turned out to be real - he died of cancer.
Pyotr Andreevich Zalomov is the prototype of the hero of Gorky’s novel “Mother” by Pavel Vlasov.
Born into a working-class family, a mechanic by profession. Organizer of an anarchist circle in Nizhny Novgorod. He was one of the leaders of the May Day demonstration of 1902 in Sormovo, carrying a red flag with the inscription “Down with autocracy!” During the demonstration he was arrested and at the trial he made a speech directed against the monarchy. He was sentenced to lifelong exile in Eastern Siberia.
In March 1905, with the assistance of A.M. Gorky, who sent 300 rubles to organize the escape, he escapes from exile. Together with the Bolsheviks, he participated in the Moscow December uprising of 1905, and organized military squads.
It is interesting that he joined the CPSU(b) only in 1925. ABOUT later life it is reported briefly - “on economic and party work”:
Alexander Zinoviev, philosopher and dissident
Academician Igor Tamm
The graves of the numerous Ilyenkov clan, the founder of whose dynasty is Vasily Pavlovich Ilyenkov (1897-1967), writer. Winner of the Stalin Prize. Member of the RCP(b) since 1918. Father of the philosopher Evald Ilyenkov.
V.P. Ilyenkov was born in 1897 in the village. Shilovo-Smolenskoye (now Dorogobuzhsky district, Smolensk region) in the family of a priest. After four classes at the Smolensk Theological Seminary, in 1915-1917 he studied at the Faculty of History and Philology of Yuryev University (did not graduate). In 1917 he was drafted into the army. In 1928-1930, editor of the newspapers “Our Village” and “Bryansky Rabochiy”. In 1930 he moved to Moscow, until 1932 he was the organizational secretary of RAPP. In Moscow, he lived with his family in the famous “writer’s house” on Kamergersky Lane:
Journalist and writer Ilya Erenburg
Joseph Hamburg, one of the famous militants of the RSDLP. There are the following lines about his time in the royal prison:
“The friendship between Hamburg and Frunze was cemented in the Alexander Central, where they were transferred in August 1914.
Politicians were placed together with criminals. The barracks were densely packed with prisoners, but there were three times as many bedbugs in it. Bedbugs shared food, people shared space. Clashes broke out constantly.
Someone poked Hamburg in the side: “Go to the bucket, you little guy!” Joseph, a militant convicted of barricade fighting, did not remain in debt, and many reached out for sharpening. A stabbing was brewing. Frunze jumped off the bunk and shouted to the criminals: “If you start a fight, we’ll kill you, you won’t get any bones.” Remember these words! It sounded pretty impressive. The classes fell silent, and since then quarrels have become rare, and the new “authority” was chosen as the headman: everyone understood that no one could protect the interests of the prisoners before the administration as well as this man.”
An interesting monument for 1962, especially since the one lying under it is an ordinary teacher
Academician Landau and his family
General Lebed, Yeltsin's failed successor
A rare case in Soviet era when the deceased is immortalized with an artifact of his or her field of activity
Chairman of the Communist Party of South Africa, adhered to the Stalinist version of communism, for which he was expelled from the party by his comrades-in-arms
Writer Yuri Nagibin
Actor Anatoly Papanov
Writer Panferov
Writer Yuzovsky
Directed by Ptushko (Ptushkin). The monument in the form of driftwood is 37 years old and has begun to collapse. A rare domestic director whose films received two international awards at once - in 1935 the prize of the Venice Film Festival for “The New Gulliver” and in 1953 the Silver Lion of the same film festival for “Sadko”
Monument to Raisa Gorbacheva; Perhaps the largest number of flowers is on her grave. But it’s sad that the thujas have dried up around the monument, and the caretakers don’t pay attention to it
English orientalist and, apparently, English intelligence officer Yuri Nikolaevich Roerich. He studied at three universities - the School of Oriental Studies at the University of London, the American Harvard and the University of Paris. He spent almost his entire life on expeditions in British India and Tibet. In 1941, he turned to London with a request to enlist him in the Red Army, received the rank of colonel of the Red Army, and served in the Himalayas during the Second World War. In 1957 he returned to the USSR
Old Bolshevik Alexey Isidorovich Rudenko. In 1939 he was sentenced to 5 years in the camps and 5 years in exile, and in 1954 he was rehabilitated. It is believed that he is the first author of an anti-Stalin poem on the death of Stalin, here it is:
So, it's over. Fuller, friends, glass.
Forever, historian, mint this date:
Today the Cockroach lay down in the coffin,
And only the mustache threatens us out of habit.
Let the name of God not leave your lips yet,
And, harnessed to a gun carriage,
High priests guide
Funeral march,
Let the cannon muzzles roar,
And an expert in spicy dishes
Russia, fed up,
The last one gives the salute,
Let there be no end to false chants
And crocodile tears, -
He is dead. And no balm
Its rot will not be drowned out.
Monument to traveler and TV presenter Yuri Senkevich
Monument to film director Sergei Gerasimov.
Monument to the artist Sergei Vasilievich Gerasimov -
Satirist Smirnov-Sokolsky. The first director of the Variety Theater. Owner of the largest private library in the USSR - about 15 thousand volumes. After his death, the library was valued at 6 million rubles
The wife of Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky was born Sofia Mushkat. Auditor of the RSDLP cash desk in Geneva. She spent 8 years in Siberian exile. After the death of her husband - a major functionary of the Comintern and party historian
Monument pop singer Leonid Utesov
One of the most revered graves by fans is that of CDKA football player Fedotov. True, fans are too lazy to pull out the numerous weeds on the grave
Urns with the ashes of a family of Indian communists and intellectuals
Burials large family Khrushchev
The modest grave of the former prime minister and “president for an hour” (he served as acting president during Yeltsin’s heart surgery) Viktor Chernomyrdin
Monument to the writer Yulian Semyonov, on the reverse side - to his relatives Lyandres
Son of Felix Dzerzhinsky. Worker of the Comintern, since 1943 - in the apparatus of the CPSU (b)