Modern submarines can perform wide circle tasks to detect and destroy enemy ships, submarines or ground targets. In addition, the naval component of the strategic nuclear forces is built entirely on submarines.
Currently, as part of the renewal of the Navy, new submarines of various types are being built. In the foreseeable future, the fleet should receive several dozen submarines, both strategic or multi-purpose, and diesel-electric or special. However, for now, the basis of the submarine fleet in quantitative terms are submarines built earlier, including before the collapse of Soviet Union.
The four fleets of the Russian Navy (with the exception of the Caspian Flotilla) currently serve a total of 76 submarines different types. Strategic missile submarines (SSBNs), nuclear attack submarines, diesel submarines, as well as a number of special purpose nuclear and diesel submarines are in service and in reserve.
Strategic missile cruisers
The basis of the naval component of nuclear forces are nuclear submarines of the project. Currently, the Russian Navy has six such submarines: K-51 "Verkhoturye", K-84 "Ekaterinburg", K-114 "Tula", K-117 "Bryansk", K-118 "Karelia" and K-407 "Novomoskovsk". The submarine "Ekaterinburg" is currently undergoing repairs. Completion of work and delivery of the boat is scheduled for the end of this year.
Another submarine of the Dolphin project, K-64, was withdrawn from the fleet in 1999 and soon went for refurbishment. All six Project 677BDRM submarines serve in the Northern Fleet.
The second largest type of SSBN in the Russian Navy - project 667BDR "Squid". Submarines of this type were built from the mid-seventies to the early eighties. Most of the Kalmar submarine cruisers have now been decommissioned and disposed of. Currently, the fleet has only three submarines of this type: K-433 “St. George the Victorious”, K-223 “Podolsk” and K-44 “Ryazan”. The latter is the newest of the existing Project 667BDR submarines and was delivered to the fleet in 1982. All three Kalmars serve in the Pacific Ocean.
Until the mid-nineties, nuclear deterrence tasks were carried out by the K-129 Orenburg submarine, built according to project 667BDR. In 1996, it was decided to convert it into a carrier for deep-sea vehicles. Currently, Orenburg belongs to project 09786 and is designated BS-136.
There are three in service and in reserve in the Northern Fleet. The heavy missile cruiser TK-208 “Dmitry Donskoy” continues to serve. This was facilitated by repairs and modernization in accordance with Project 941UM, during which the submarine received equipment for the Bulava missile system. Two other Akulas, the TK-17 Arkhangelsk and the TK-20 Severstal, were put into reserve in the middle of the last decade due to the lack of R-39 missiles. Their further fate not yet determined.
In January 2013, a flag-raising ceremony took place on the lead SSBN of the new one. The submarine K-535 Yuri Dolgoruky, under construction since 1996, passed all tests and was handed over to the fleet. At the end of December of the same year, the submarine cruiser K-550 Alexander Nevsky was accepted into the Navy. The lead submarine of the Borei project became part of the Northern Fleet, the first production submarine became part of the Pacific Fleet.
Multipurpose nuclear submarines
The tasks of destroying various surface, underwater and coastal targets are assigned to multi-purpose nuclear submarines armed cruise missiles and torpedoes. The most popular nuclear submarines of this class are. The Russian Navy has 11 submarines of this type, distributed between the Northern and Pacific fleets. Five Shchuka-B submarines serve in the Pacific Fleet, six are in the Northern Fleet.
On at the moment Five Project 971 submarines are undergoing repairs or are being prepared for them. To date, the Navy has lost three submarines of this type. The K-284 “Akula” boat has been in storage since 2002, the K-480 “Ak Bars” was handed over for disposal at the end of the last decade, and the dismantling of the K-263 “Barnaul” started last year.
The fate of the K-152 “Nerpa” boat is worth special consideration. It was laid down in 1991 for the domestic fleet, but financial difficulties led to the failure of all work deadlines. In 2004, a contract was signed, according to which the submarine was planned to be completed and transferred to the Indian Navy. After a number of difficulties, all work was completed, and in January 2012 the submarine was accepted by the customer.
The second largest multi-purpose nuclear submarines in the Russian Navy are. There are 5 and 3 submarines of this type in service in the Pacific and Northern fleets, respectively. It was originally planned that the Navy would receive 18 of these submarines, but financial possibilities The fleet was allowed to build only 11. To date, three boats of the Antey project have been out of action.
In August 2000, the K-141 Kursk submarine tragically died, and since the end of the 2000s, work has been underway to dismantle the K-148 Krasnodar and K-173 Krasnoyarsk submarines. Of the remaining submarines, four are currently undergoing repairs.
From the late seventies to the early nineties, four submarines of projects 945 "Barracuda" and 945A "Condor". According to project 945, the ships B-239 “Karp” and B-276 “Kostroma” were built, according to project 945A - B-534 “ Nizhny Novgorod" and B-336 "Pskov". All these submarines are part of the Northern Fleet. Last year, work began on the repair and modernization of the Karp submarine. After it, Kostroma will undergo repairs. "Pskov" and "Nizhny Novgorod" continue to serve.
There are still four in the Northern Fleet multi-purpose nuclear submarines of Project 671RTMK "Pike". Two submarines, B-414 "Daniil Moskovsky" and B-338 "Petrozavodsk" continue to serve, and two others, B-138 "Obninsk" and B-448 "Tambov" are under repair. In accordance with current plans, all the Shchukas in the fleet will end their service in the foreseeable future. It was previously reported that all of them will be written off by the end of 2015. They will be replaced by new types of multi-purpose submarines.
Infographics – defendingrussia.ru
On June 17, 2014, a solemn ceremony of raising the flag took place on submarine K-560, the lead and so far the only ship. The first Yasen was laid down at the end of 1993 and launched only in 2010. By 2020, it is planned to build 8 Yasen-class submarines equipped with missile weapons.
Due to the long construction time for the lead submarine, all other submarines in the series will be built according to the updated 885M project. Currently, there are three new type submarines on the stocks of the Sevmash enterprise: Kazan, Novosibirsk and Krasnoyarsk.
Non-nuclear submarines
Since the early eighties, several domestic shipyards have been engaged in mass production diesel-electric submarines of project 877 "Halibut". For last decades Several versions of this project were created, thanks to which the Halibuts of various modifications became the most popular submarines in the Russian Navy.
The Baltic Fleet has two submarines of the Halibut project: B-227 Vyborg and B-806 Dmitrov (Project 877EKM). The Black Sea Fleet has only one Project 877B boat - the B-871 Alrosa. The Northern Fleet has the second largest group of Halibuts - five Project 877 diesel-electric submarines and one Project 877LPMB. Finally, eight Project 877 Halibut diesel-electric submarines serve at the bases of the Pacific Fleet.
A further development of the 877 project is project 636 “Varshavyanka” and its versions. On August 22, 2014, the lead submarine of Project 636.3, the B-261 Novorossiysk, was accepted into service with the Black Sea Fleet. By the end of the decade, the Black Sea Fleet will receive five more submarines of this type. Two of them, B-237 Rostov-on-Don and B-262 Stary Oskol, have already been launched.
Until recently high hopes were entrusted to Project 677 Lada diesel-electric submarine, which are further development"Halibuts". Previously, there were plans to build a series of several Project 677 boats, but tests of the lead ship forced serious adjustments to be made to them. As a result, the first submarine of the project, B-585 St. Petersburg, is in trial operation by the Northern Fleet. Two production ships of Project 677 are under construction. Due to problems with the lead submarine, the construction of serial submarines was suspended for some time.
Special equipment
In addition to the combat submarines included navy Russia has a number of special submarines and underwater vehicles designed to perform specific tasks of various kinds. For example, the Baltic, Northern and Pacific fleets operate four Project 1855 "Priz" deep-sea rescue vehicles.
According to open data, the Northern Fleet has 10 special-purpose nuclear and diesel-electric submarines designed to perform various tasks. This equipment is intended to carry out research work, conduct rescue operations and ensure combat duty of submarine missile cruisers.
Most well-known representative This class of equipment is capable of diving to depths of several kilometers. It was reported that in September 2012, Losharik participated in research work in the Arctic, during which its crew collected soil samples at a depth of more than 2 kilometers.
In the future, the Russian Navy should receive a number of new special-purpose submarines. Thus, since 2012, the Belgorod submarine of Project 949A has been completed according to a special project, thanks to which it will be able to become a carrier of deep-sea research vehicles. Last spring, representatives of the Navy claimed that the military department plans to build a special hydroacoustic patrol submarine, the task of which will be to detect underwater targets at a distance of up to several hundred kilometers.
Prospects
At the moment, in total, the Russian Navy has more than seven dozen submarines and devices for various purposes. The vast majority of this equipment was built before the collapse of the Soviet Union, which has a corresponding impact on both the condition and capabilities of the submarine fleet.
However, within recent years a number of measures were taken to update it. In accordance with current plans, by 2020 the Navy should receive relatively large number new submarines.
By the end of this decade, the fleet will receive eight Project 955 Borei strategic missile carriers, the same number of Project 885 Yasen multi-purpose nuclear submarines and six Project 636.3 Varshavyanka diesel-electric submarines.
Nuclear-powered Borei and Yasen missiles will be distributed between the Northern and Pacific fleets. “Varshavyanka”, in turn, will serve at Black Sea bases. Previously it was reported about plans regarding the future project 677 Lada. In the near future, it is planned to develop an updated version of this project, which will use a new power plant. The successful completion of this project will expand plans for the construction of non-nuclear submarines.
In parallel with the construction of new submarines, the old ones will be decommissioned. For example, by 2015-16 it is planned to stop operating the remaining Project 671RTMK Shchuka nuclear submarines. Almost all submarines of this type have already been withdrawn from the fleet and disposed of, and only four remain in service.
Over time, similar processes will occur with other types of submarines, which will be replaced by the new Yasen, Borei, Varshavyanka and, possibly, Lada. However, a complete renewal of the submarine fleet will take a long time and will be one of the most expensive projects in the entire history of the Russian Navy.
- 15 nuclear submarines with ballistic missiles, of which 5 are in repair or in reserve;
- 9 nuclear submarines with cruise missiles, 5 of which are under repair or in reserve;
- 12 nuclear torpedo submarines, of which 7 are in reserve;
- special purpose nuclear submarines 7 pieces;
- 19 diesel submarines, of which 3 are under repair;
Project 941 Akula nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine
Underwater displacement 48,000 tons. Length 172 m, width 23.3 m, draft 11 m. Full submerged speed 25 knots. The power of the nuclear power plant is 100 thousand liters. With. Armament - 20 RSM-52 missile launchers (200 warheads), 6 torpedo tubes. Crew 160 people (including 52 officers).
Project 667BDR Kalmar nuclear submarine with ballistic missiles.
Underwater displacement 16,000 tons. Length 155 m, width 11.7 m, draft 8.7 m. Full submerged speed 24 knots. The power of the nuclear power plant is 40 thousand liters. With. Armament - 16 RSM-50 missile launchers (48 warheads), 4 torpedo tubes. Crew 130 people (including 40 officers).
Project 667BDRM "Dolphin" nuclear submarine with ballistic missiles.
Underwater displacement 18,200 tons. Length 167 m, width 11.7 m, draft 8.8 m. Full submerged speed 24 knots. The power of the nuclear power plant is 40 thousand liters. With. Armament - 16 RSM-54 missile launchers (64 warheads), 4 torpedo tubes. Crew 130 people (including 40 officers).
Project 949A Antey nuclear submarine with cruise missiles.
Underwater displacement 24,000 tons. Length 155 m, width 18.2 m, draft 9.2 m. Full submerged speed 30 knots. The power of the nuclear power plant is 100 thousand liters. With. Armament - 24 launchers of P-700 "Granit" anti-ship missiles with a range of 550 km, 6 torpedo tubes. Crew 107 people (including 48 officers).
Project 971 nuclear torpedo submarine "Shchuka-B".
Underwater displacement 12,770 tons. Length 110.3 m, width 13.5 m, draft 9.6 m. Full submerged speed 30 knots. The power of the nuclear power plant is 50 thousand liters. With. Armament: eight torpedo tubes. Crew 73 people (including 33 officers).
Performance characteristics of Projects 677 Lada and 677E Amur-1605 (export).
Surface displacement, t 1765
Length, m 67.0
Width, m 7.1
Underwater cruising range (at cruising speed 3 knots), miles 650
Underwater cruising range (in RDP mode), miles 6000
Working immersion depth, m 240
Maximum immersion depth, m 300
Autonomy (in terms of provisions), 45 days
Crew, people 35
Torpedo armament: number and caliber of TA, mm - 6 x 533, ammunition (type) of torpedoes or anti-ship missiles - 18 torpedoes (USET-80K) and anti-ship missiles ("Club-S"), SUTA - "Moray".
Anti-aircraft armament: missile system type MANPADS - "Igla-1M", number of cont. for storing ZR - 1, ammunition for ZR - 6.
Radio-electronic weapons: KAS - "Lithium", KNS - "Andoga", RLK - new generation, GAK - new generation with a large effective area antenna.
Underwater surprise from Putin - “Balance Breakers”
Answer Moria4oku to the commentary on the article: “Russia will put an end to the naval hegemony of the United States,” where I did not raise the question of the superiority of diesel engines over the nuclear hulks of the United States, it was about nullifying their basis of naval power: the Carrier Strike Group (AUG) and several other devices!
Project 677 Lada submarines are designed to destroy enemy submarines, surface ships and vessels, protect naval bases, sea coast and maritime communications, reconnaissance. So: Russian submarines of the 677th Lada project with an Air-Independent Power Unit (VNEU) are precisely a major breakthrough in this direction, taking the Russian submarine fleet to fundamentally new frontiers.
“Ladas” are small, their displacement is almost half that of the famous “Varshavyanka”. But its weapons complex is very serious and unusually large. In addition to the traditional mine-torpedo armament of diesel-electric submarines (6 torpedo tubes of 533 mm, 18 torpedoes or mines), the 667th project is the world’s first non-nuclear submarine, equipped with specialized launchers for cruise missiles (10 vertical launchers in the middle part of the hull). Moreover, these KR They can be both operational-tactical, strike-anti-ship missiles, and long-range missiles designed to hit strategic targets deep in enemy territory.
But the most important feature of the new Russian submarines is VNEU– Air-Independent Energy Installation. Without going into details that are interesting to specialists, we note that the presence of VNEU will allow the Lada to be submerged until 25 days, that is almost 10 times longer than their famous “big sisters” - “Varshavyanka” of project 636.3! At the same time, the noise level of the Lada will be even less than that of the famous Warsaw “black hole”, which the Americans nicknamed it because it almost impossible to detect.
NATO countries have long been trying to equip their submarines with such VNEU. Germany and Sweden are the trendsetters in this area. Since the late 90s, German shipbuilders have been building small submarines of Project 212214, equipped with a hybrid power plant. It includes a diesel engine for surface propulsion and battery recharging, silver-zinc batteries themselves, and VNEU for economical underwater propulsion based on fuel cells, including tanks with cryogenic oxygen and containers with metal hydride (a special alloy of metal combined with hydrogen).
Equipping the boat with such an anaerobic installation allowed the Germans to increase the time it spent underwater to 20 days. And now German “babies” with VNEU of various modifications are in service with Germany, Italy, Portugal, Turkey, Israel, Korea and several other countries.
Swedish concern Kockums Submarine Systems, in turn, at the end of the last century began the construction of submarines of the class Gotland with VNEU based on the so-called "Stirling engine". When using it, these boats can also stay under water without recharging the batteries for up to 20 days. And now there are submarines with Stirling engines not only in Scandinavia, but also in Australia, Japan, Singapore and Thailand.
But neither the German nor the Swedish submarines, which are small, essentially coastal boats, can be compared with the Russian Ladas - neither in their tactical and technical characteristics, nor in the variety and power of weapons. Our Project 667 submarines are in this class in all respects new generation ships unique in their quality!
A prototype of an air-independent power plant (VNEU)
The St. Petersburg installation makes it possible to produce hydrogen, necessary for generating electricity, directly from diesel fuel and in exactly the quantities necessary to ensure electric propulsion under water. Western analogues suggest pumping hydrogen into special containers, which increases the fire hazard of the submarine. Energy capacity of the domestic installation – 400 kW. The best foreign analogues produce no more 180 kW, the Russian VNEU allows the use of standard diesel fuel and does not require complex shore maintenance. At the same time she has no moving parts. In terms of acoustics, this is a big advantage.
Central Clinical Hospital "Rubin"- the main designer of submarines in Russia, designed the Lada so that it is capable of delivering salvo torpedo and missile attacks on sea and stationary ground targets both from torpedo tubes and from specialized vertical missile silos. Due to the unique hydroacoustic system, our boat has a significantly increased target detection range. It can dive to 300 m and has a full submersible speed of up to 21 node, autonomy – 45 days. To reduce the noise of the boat, vibration isolators and an all-mode rowing electric motor with permanent magnets are used. The boat's hull is covered with Molniya material, which absorbs sonar signals.
Remote screw column RDK-35
Little is known about the VNEU of our boat. Just like the Germans, it will be based on an electrochemical generator. But it will be fundamentally different in that the hydrogen necessary for the operation of the VNEU will be produced directly on board by processing existing diesel fuel. Therefore, the Russian VNEU will be much more economical than its German counterpart, which will increase the time of its continuous stay under water to 25 days. At the same time, the Lada will cost significantly less than the German boats of Project 212214.
By 2020, the Russian fleet expects to receive 14 units of such new non-nuclear submarines of the 4th generation.
The deployment of an additional two or three Lad formations within the Russian Navy can fundamentally change the balance of forces not only in the Baltic, Caspian and Black Sea, but also in the North, the Mediterranean, the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean. In the North, in the Barents Sea, such boats are capable of reliably covering the deployment routes of Russian submarine strategic missile carriers from any encroachment by the anti-submarine forces of the United States and NATO countries, which will significantly increase the combat stability of the naval component of our strategic nuclear forces.
Unified periscope complex UPC "Parus-98"
Now our missile carriers carry out combat service for the most part under the ice of the Arctic, where they are practically inaccessible to enemy influence. The Americans can detect, track and hit our submarine cruise only at the stage of its transition to the combat patrol area. And the Ladas of Project 667 are ideally suited to counter American nuclear submarines spying on our “strategists,” since they hear them at distances much greater than the Americans are able to hear the Lada. In such conditions, defeating an enemy submarine - either by the Lada on its own, or by targeting it with anti-submarine aircraft and surface ships - becomes a matter of technology.
Device No. 1 SJSC "Lira" - large-area bow quasi-conformal noise direction-finding antenna L-01 Onboard quasi-conformal noise direction-finding antennas GAS in the bow of the hull
As for the Mediterranean Sea, the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean, the presence in their waters of a sufficient number of submarines like the Lada practically nullifies American naval power there, the core of which is carrier strike groups (ACGs). More in Soviet times Project 641B diesel engines managed to break through the anti-submarine defenses of aircraft carriers and sometimes surfaced right under the noses of the stunned American admirals. And only a small underwater range, the absence of long-range missile weapons and the inability to remain submerged for more than 3 days gave the Americans a chance in this confrontation with Soviet submariners.
Today, provided that the Lada is truly capable of remaining under water for up to 25 days, its ammunition will include a powerful anti-ship missile system similar to the Caliber, 6 bow 533-mm torpedo tubes with an air-fired firing system and an automatic fast silent reloading "Moray" (2 upper tier TAs are adapted for firing remote-controlled torpedoes).
According to the technical specifications for the creation of the submarine, it was planned to install 4 torpedoes with an ammunition load of 12 torpedoes. Ammunition - mines, 18 torpedoes (SAET-60M, UGST and USET-80K types), Shkval torpedo missiles and Biryuza anti-ship missiles (Club-S), launched from torpedo tubes or 22 mines of the DM-1 type, and reconnaissance and guidance of submarines to the AUG will be carried out using layered reconnaissance, including a space group, the vaunted US aircraft carriers will no longer have such a chance! And this means that An entire era of American “supremacy at sea” will become a thing of the past.
Submarines, which are an integral part of the Navy, perform a number of most important tasks related to the security of the Russian Federation in the World Ocean and inland waters. Currently, Russia has several varieties of such military equipment in service.
Types of submarines
The sovereignty of the state in 2018 is protected by submarines:
- diesel-electric;
- atomic.
The boats can be equipped with missiles:
- winged;
- ballistic.
Diesel-electric models can be multi-purpose or special-purpose vehicles. In the middle of the last century, one steam and gas turbine boat was built in the USSR. However, after the accident that occurred on board, she never recovered. Subsequently, such boats were not built in the country.
Nuclear underwater technology, among other things, can be:
- torpedo;
- multi-purpose;
- special purpose.
Generations of submarines
Thus, ships began to be classified after the Second World War based on their combat characteristics in anti-submarine defense conditions. The concept of “generation” arose with the advent of nuclear submarines. At that time, in the conditions of a tough arms race, it was important to carry out a radical modernization of nuclear submarines. As a result, the efforts of engineers led to qualitative leaps in the development of underwater shipbuilding.
Currently, Russia is developing the fifth generation of nuclear submarines. We started designing these vessels in March 2014. Presumably, serial production of such military equipment of the Husky project will begin in the period from 2020 to 2030.
How many in Russia today
As of 2018, the Russian Navy has 72 units of such military equipment. In service in country 13 different projects boats. At the same time, Russia’s sovereignty is protected by:
- nuclear boats with ballistic missiles in the amount of 13;
- nuclear with cruise missiles - 9 pcs.;
- nuclear multi-purpose - 18 pcs.;
- nuclear special purposes - 8 pcs.;
- diesel engines for special purposes - 1 pc.;
- diesel engines of other types - 23 pcs.
The very first model
So, we found out. There are currently 72 of them. The country’s sovereignty these days is protected by powerful equipment of this variety with excellent combat characteristics. Russian submarines are equipped with the latest navigation systems and can detect targets at the most long distances, have fast-acting weapons.
The very same military equipment This variety has existed in our country for more than 100 years. The first submarine in Russia put into service was built at the beginning of the last century. A primitive prototype of such equipment was constructed in the state under Peter I. The author of this, in fact, the very first boat was a craftsman from the city of Sestroretsk, Efim Nikonov. The master tested his invention in the presence of the king himself. Nikonov's submarine was something like a huge barrel. Among other things, a prototype periscope was installed on it. The boat moved using ordinary oars. If necessary, it could accommodate up to 8 people.
Efim Nikonov called his brainchild a “hidden ship.” The boat's dives were successful twice. However, her trials before Peter I, unfortunately, ended in failure. The boat hit the ground, causing its bottom to break. Later, the master tried to repair his brainchild, but a leak was discovered in the boat again.
Underwater technology of Tsarist Russia
Real ships of this type began to be produced in our country back in 1902. Then, in the strictest secrecy, the tsarist government built the small submarine “Peter Koshka”. In fact, this ship was not a combat boat. It was used for sabotage in harbors. A full-fledged underwater vessel in Russian Empire built in 1904. This boat was gasoline-electric and was called “Dolphin.” She was expelled from the Navy in 1917.
Despite the fact that the first vessel of this type was built in the country in 1904, the official day of the formation of the submarine fleet in Russia is considered to be March 19, 1906. It was then that Emperor Nicholas II signed a decree on the withdrawal of the first 20 submarines from the destroyer forces.
From 1904 to 1908, the projects “Killer whale”, “Carp”, “Chum salmon”, “Catfish”, “Sturgeon” were implemented in Russia. Later the boats “Kayma”, “Akula”, “Poshtovy” and others were produced. The last development of the tsarist government before the revolution was the Bars class vessels.
USSR submarines
The first project in Russia after the revolution was “Decembrist”. These boats, unlike the Bars, were double-hulled. Each of the six ships of this series built in the young republic was equipped with eight torpedo tubes and two guns. The crew of the boats consisted of 47 people.
By the beginning of the Second World War, the Russian Navy already had 212 submarines. In addition to destroying enemy ships, during the war they were used for laying minefields, reconnaissance, and transporting people and fuel. From 1941 to 1945 23 boats were awarded the Order of the Red Banner. At the same time, 12 became guards, and 4 also became red banners.
The country's most successful submarine was the S-56, laid down in 1936. It became famous, among other things, for being the first Soviet ship to complete trip around the world. The submarine's voyage lasted 67 days, and during this time it survived 3 enemy attacks.
First nuclear submarine
During the Second World War, diesel-electric submarines were used to carry out combat missions. The first one nuclear boat was built in the country in 1959. It was called “Leninsky Komsomol”. This submarine was not the first in the world. Two more boats were built before her. The ship inherited its name from the M-106, which was previously in service. This boat was lost during the fighting in 1943.
In 1962, this ship passed under ocean ice and surfaced at the North Pole to plant the USSR flag. Since this boat was brand new and was built in a hurry, it, unfortunately, was constantly in need of repairs. On September 8, 1967, a fire occurred on the ship, which killed 39 people. But the crew managed to avoid the explosion of torpedoes, including those with nuclear warheads. The boat returned to base on its own.
The first Soviet nuclear submarine was decommissioned in 1991. Currently, the boat is being rebuilt with the aim of organizing a museum on board. Visitors will be able to view the exhibits on board directly under water.
State of affairs today
New Russian submarines, the projects of which are being implemented at the moment, have good potential. But back in the 90s of the last century, due to well-known events, the Russian Navy was in a deplorable state. A similar situation existed in the country until 2000. The impetus for the new development of the country's submarine fleet was the tragedy that happened to the Kursk ship. It was after this event that the society of our country realized the deplorable state of the Russian Navy.
In subsequent years, the Russian government implemented a number of fleet reforms. This concerned both the improvement of material conditions and the training of personnel. The crisis that began in the 90s was overcome. However, even at the present moment the combat effectiveness of the submarine fleet in our country is lower than in Soviet times. There were even more ships in the Soviet Union - 250. Today, the answer to the question of how many submarines Russia has is 72 units. That is almost 4 times less. In addition, some ships today are undergoing reconstruction and modernization at shipyards.
Modern submarines
But be that as it may, some improvements were still achieved in the Russian Navy. Number of submarines in Russia in lately increased. Not long ago, two nuclear submarine projects began to be implemented in the country:
- 955 “Borey”, which replaced the outdated 667 BDR “Squid”;
- ships with 885 Yasen cruise missiles.
Russia's modern Borei submarines are part of the government's strategic defense program. Therefore, their construction is currently a priority. Yasen boats have better characteristics than Borey. However, they also cost twice as much. Each one is made to order.
US and Russian submarines
The USA and the Russian Federation are currently the two powers with the most developed submarine fleet. At the same time, experts believe that the American one, developed largely during the Cold War, has great attack potential. The Russian fleet is currently smaller in number. We found out how many submarines Russia has - 72. However, the defense potential of the Navy in this area has recently been replenished with new specimens. No new submarines have been developed for the US Navy for quite some time.
I bring to your attention a photo review of all nuclear submarines in service and under construction for the Russian Navy.
Project 955 "Borey"
1. Strategic missile submarine cruiser K-535 “Yuri Dolgoruky” of Project 955 “Borey”. Year of entry into the fleet - 2012 
2. Strategic missile submarine cruiser K-550 “Alexander Nevsky” of Project 955 “Borey”. Year of entry into the fleet - 2013. 
3. Strategic missile submarine cruiser K-551 “Vladimir Monomakh” of Project 955 “Borey”. Year of entry into the fleet - 2014. 
4. Strategic missile submarine cruiser "Prince Vladimir" of project 955 "Borey". Laid down - 2012. 
5. Strategic missile submarine cruiser “Prince Oleg” of project 955 “Borey”. Laid down - 2014. 
6. Strategic missile submarine cruiser "Generalissimo Suvorov" of project 955 "Borey". Laid down - 2014. 
Project 885 "Ash"
7. Multi-purpose nuclear torpedo submarine with cruise missiles K-560 “Severodvinsk” of project 885 “Ash” Year of entry into the fleet - 2013. 
8. Multi-purpose nuclear torpedo submarine with cruise missiles K-561 “Kazan” of Project 885 “Yasen”. Laid down - 2009. 
9. Multi-purpose nuclear torpedo submarine with cruise missiles K-573 “Novosibirsk” of Project 885 “Yasen”. Laid down - 2013. 
10. Multi-purpose nuclear torpedo submarine with cruise missiles K-173 “Krasnoyarsk” of Project 885 “Ash”. Laid down - 2014. 
Project 941UM “Shark”
11. Heavy strategic missile submarine cruiser TK-208 “Dmitry Donskoy” of project 941UM “Akula”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1981 
12. Heavy strategic missile submarine cruiser TK-17 "Arkhangelsk" project 941 "Shark". Year of entry into the fleet - 1987. Status - mothballedThis message has been edited Arhyzyk — 01/30/2015 — 20:41 
13. Heavy strategic missile submarine cruiser TK-20 "Severstal" project 941 "Shark". Year of entry into the fleet - 1989. Status - mothballed
Project 667BDR "Squid"
14. Strategic missile submarine cruiser K-223 “Podolsk” of project 667BDR “Kalmar”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1979. 
15. Strategic missile submarine cruiser K-433 “St. George the Victorious” of project 667BDR “Squid”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1980. 
16. Strategic missile submarine cruiser K-44 “Ryazan” of project 667BDR “Kalmar”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1982. Status - under repair 
Project 667BDRM "Dolphin"17. Strategic missile submarine cruiser K-51 "Verkhoturye" of project 667BDRM "Dolphin". Year of entry into the fleet - 1984 
18. Strategic missile submarine cruiser K-84 “Ekaterinburg” of project 667BDRM “Dolphin”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1985 
19. Strategic missile submarine cruiser K-114 “Tula” of project 667BDRM “Dolphin”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1987. Status - under repair 
20. Strategic missile submarine cruiser K-117 "Bryansk" of project 667BDRM "Dolphin". Year of entry into the fleet - 1988 
21. Strategic missile submarine cruiser K-18 “Karelia” of project 667BDRM “Dolphin”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1989 
22. Strategic missile submarine cruiser K-407 “Novomoskovsk” of project 667BDRM “Dolphin”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1990 
Project 949A "Antey"
23. Nuclear submarine with cruise missiles K-132 “Irkutsk” of project 949A “Antey”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1988. Status - under repair 
24. Nuclear submarine with cruise missiles K-119 “Voronezh” of project 949A “Antey”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1989. 
25. Nuclear submarine with cruise missiles K-410 “Smolensk” of project 949A “Antey”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1990. 
26. Nuclear submarine with cruise missiles K-442 “Chelyabinsk” of project 949A “Antey”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1990. Status - under repair 
27. Nuclear submarine with cruise missiles K-456 “Tver” of Project 949A “Antey”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1992. 
28. Nuclear submarine with cruise missiles K-266 “Orel” of project 949A “Antey”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1992. Status - under repair 
29. Nuclear submarine with cruise missiles K-186 “Omsk” of project 949A “Antey”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1993. 
30. Nuclear submarine with cruise missiles K-150 “Tomsk” of project 949A “Antey” “Dolphin”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1996. Status - under repair 
Project 671RTMK "Pike"
31. Nuclear torpedo submarine B-388 “Petrozavodsk” of project 671RTMK “Pike”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1988. 
32. Nuclear torpedo submarine B-414 “Daniil Moskovsky” of project 671RTMK “Pike”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1990. 
33.
Nuclear torpedo submarine B-138 “Obninsk” of project 671RTMK “Pike”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1990. 
34. Nuclear torpedo submarine B-448 “Tambov” of project 671RTMK “Pike”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1992. Status - under repair 
Project 971 "Pike-B"
35. Nuclear torpedo submarine K-322 “Sperm Whale” of Project 971 “Pike-B”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1988. Status - under repair 
36. Nuclear torpedo submarine K-391 “Bratsk” of project 971 “Shchuka-B”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1989. Status - under repair 
37. Nuclear torpedo submarine K-331 “Magadan” of project 971 “Pike-B”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1990. 
38. Nuclear torpedo submarine K-317 “Panther” of Project 971 “Pike-B”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1990. 