Comparative characteristics of the education systems of Russia, the USA, Germany and Japan.
To ensure progressive development, any society must implement the function of education. For this purpose, it creates an educational system, i.e. complex of educational institutions.
According to their organizational and legal forms, educational institutions can be:
State,
Municipal,
Non-state (private, public and religious organizations).
IN Russia educational institutions include the following types:
Preschool;
General education (primary general, basic general,
secondary (complete) general education). Secondary school has three levels: 1st level - primary school (3-4 years); 2nd stage – basic school (5 years); 3rd stage - secondary school (2 - 3 years);
Special (correctional) for children with developmental disabilities; institutions
add. education; institutions for orphans and children without parental care; other institutions.
IN USA There is no unified state education system; each state has the right to determine its structure independently.
The US education system includes:
Preschool institutions where children aged 3-5 years are educated;
Primary school (grades 1-6), which educates children aged 6 - 11 years;
Secondary school (grades 7 - 12) with the task of educating boys and girls aged 12-17 years; post-secondary educational institutions that are part of the higher education system.
Training in Germany begins at age six in a single primary school (grades 1-4), and then continues in one of three types of schools:
Basic school (grades 5-10),
Real school (grades 5-10 or 7-10),
Gymnasium (grades 5-13 or 7-13).
School course in Japan takes 12 years, and half of it occurs in primary school (grades 1-6). Secondary school consists of two levels: compulsory junior high school (7-10) and optional senior high school (11-12). Vocational primary and secondary education is provided primarily in secondary general education institutions and partly in special schools.
Preschool educational institutions in Russia(kindergarten, nursery school, pro-gymnasium, children's development center, etc.) are created to help families raise children from 1 to six years old.
Education and training carried out in preschool educational institutions are the preparatory stage of primary education. This characteristic of preschool education can be given not only to Russia, but also to all other countries, significant differences in the principles of education in preschool age not observed in Russia.
In schools Germany Education begins at the age of 6 and is compulsory for all children. The preparedness of a future student is determined not by school commissions, but by doctors and social psychologists.
German primary schools are organizationally and administratively independent institutions. Their training lasts 4 years. From the 3rd grade, academic performance is assessed on a 6-point scale. The highest grades are “1” and “2” (“very good” and “good”), grades “5” and “6” are considered unsatisfactory.
Upon completion of primary school, students receive diplomas with grades in all subjects, characteristics and recommendations for continuing education in one or another type of high school: gymnasium, comprehensive or unified school, real school, basic school. The opinion of parents also plays a big role in choosing a school.
School course in Japan takes 12 years, and half of it occurs in primary school due to the exceptional complexity and time-consuming nature of learning the native language. Primary education in Japan begins at the age of six. In the initial
school (grades 1-3), the main part of the teaching time is devoted to Japanese and arithmetic. Students must master 1850 hieroglyphs - the minimum established
Ministry of Education (but even reading books and newspapers requires knowledge
much more - up to 3 thousand). Half of this hieroglyphic minimum
needs to be mastered already in the elementary grades. Every day, after classes at a regular school, children go back to study at a non-compulsory school, but extremely
necessary for the transition to the next level of secondary school and
university.
Basic school Russia lays a solid foundation of general educational training necessary for a graduate to continue his education and his full inclusion in the life of society. Basic school is compulsory. Graduates of basic school continue their education in secondary school. They also have the right to continue their education in vocational educational institutions of various types and profiles with different periods of study, in evening and correspondence secondary schools.
high school USA(secondary education college) usually consists of two levels: junior and senior. In junior high school (grades 7-9), a third of the school time is allocated to a common program for all, and the rest to studying elective subjects. Senior high school (grades 10-12) usually offers a compulsory set of five academic subjects and a variety of academic and practical study profiles.
The main way to assess and control knowledge in an American school is tests. Grades are given on a five-point or one hundred-point system: A (93-100) - excellent; D (65-74) - bad; E (0-^64) - does not count. Senior secondary school is a general educational institution. Students usually graduate from school at 17-18 years of age.
Germany. On average, about 20% of students admitted to 5th grade successfully pass the Abitur. Many schoolchildren, for whom gymnasium education is beyond their means or their plans change, finish their studies in grades 10-11 or even earlier transfer to other types of schools. IN
in a real school and ordinary (not gymnasium) classes of a general education school, education continues until grade 10, after which students take exams for a diploma of secondary education.
Real and comprehensive schools are the most common types of schools in Germany.
The shortest route to obtaining a profession is considered to be the basic school (Haupt-schule), in which students study until the 9th or 10th grade. With a certificate of completion from the Hauptschule, you can subsequently acquire a profession that does not require high qualifications.
In grades 5-8, core academic subjects for all students
are religion, German, one or two foreign languages, geography, mathematics, biology, music, art, sports, history, physics. In the 9th grade, students can refuse to study some subjects, while taking one or two additional subjects of their choice.
Along with the core subjects, grades for elective subjects are included in the Mittlere Reife diploma of secondary education.
In the gymnasium, starting from the 11th year of study, schoolchildren study entirely according to individual plans, and the organization of classes resembles that of a university. There are no classes, there are only groups that are formed freely. Students draw up a curriculum independently, but according to certain rules. All subjects are divided into three groups: philological (German and
foreign languages), natural sciences (mathematics, physics, chemistry,
biology, computer science), social science (history, social science,
geography, religion, ethics or pedagogy). Until the end of school, basic subjects (German, mathematics, etc.) remain for all students.
In primary and secondary schools Japan five-level is applied
grading scale: S (very good), A (good), B (satisfactory), C
(bad), D (very bad). In secondary school, when assessing knowledge, it is used as
and in American secondary schools, a credit system.
Professional educational institutions in Russia are being created
for the implementation of professional educational programs of primary, secondary and higher vocational education. Primary vocational education can be obtained in vocational and other schools.
Secondary vocational education is aimed at training mid-level specialists, satisfying the needs of the individual in deepening and expanding education on the basis of basic general, secondary (complete) general or primary vocational education.
Higher professional education has the goal of training and retraining specialists at the appropriate level, meeting the needs of the individual in deepening and expanding education on the basis of secondary (complete) general and secondary vocational education. His
can be obtained in educational institutions of higher professional
education (higher educational institutions) - universities, academies,
institutes, colleges. Persons with primary and secondary vocational education
education of the relevant profile, can receive higher education
vocational education according to a shortened, accelerated program.
Postgraduate professional education provides
citizens the opportunity to improve the level of education, scientific and
pedagogical qualifications on the basis of higher professional
education. To obtain it, institutes, postgraduate schools,
doctoral studies, residency, postgraduate studies at educational institutions
higher professional education and scientific institutions.
Additional educational programs and services. Additional education can be obtained at advanced training institutions, courses, etc.
In many schools USA time to obtain a matriculation certificate,
time spent on learning cooking and driving a car is equivalent to
to the time allocated for studying mathematics, English, chemistry,
history, biology. In most schools, teaching independent work skills is ignored, and many, upon graduating from high school and entering college, do not know how to work independently and systematically acquire knowledge.
The Commission for the Improvement of Education recommended
high school graduates in the last four years of school
compulsory study of modern achievements of the five “basic disciplines” that form the core of the modern school curriculum: English, mathematics, natural sciences, social sciences, computer literacy.
In addition, students wishing to continue their studies at higher education
educational institution must take a 2-year foreign language course.
Particular attention should be paid to further development
computer information base, in particular, the latest generation computers,
library collection, laboratory equipment, etc.
It should be emphasized that in the USA the professional average level in
the education system is not allocated. This level is integrated into the system
higher education. US higher education is characterized by significant
variety of curricula, courses and disciplines studied, representing
is a single social institution that carries out important economic,
social and ideological functions.
In vocational training Germany There is a system of apprenticeships at enterprises with simultaneous attendance at professional educational institutions for two to three years. There are also advanced vocational schools - schools of specialties designed for one to four years of study. The following professional organization has been introduced
training: one day at school, four days at the enterprise.
In secondary vocational education there has been a shift away from narrow specialization towards
broad qualifications covering several specialties.
Enterprises pay for training using their own funds and government subsidies.
IN Japan higher education institutions include
universities, and junior and technical colleges. Universities give
First of all, academic education. Junior and technical colleges
They pay great attention to professional and practical activities.
The considered education systems of Russia, the USA, Germany and
Japan is certainly similar - the upbringing of a personality, a developed personality. Education in these countries is designed to give children knowledge, skills and abilities for future life in society.
The public education system in Great Britain began to take shape in 1870, and in 1944 a system of free compulsory primary and secondary education was established. Public schools in England are publicly funded and locally run educational organizations. Private schools in England are also called "independent" and "public". They exist solely on the money that parents pay for their children's education.
The national program is developed by the state and is mandatory for all schools. Most private schools adhere to the national curriculum, but have the right to vary the teaching of subjects. The national program includes the following subjects: · English · Technology and design · Geography · Mathematics · Computer science · Music · Natural science · Foreign languages · Art · Phys. Preparation · History
School education in England includes two modules: Primary - for children aged 4 to 11 years (up to 7 years old - in an infant school, and from 7 to 11 years old - in a junior school) Secondary - for children from 11 to 16 years. There are three main types of junior high schools: "grammatical" schools "modern" schools "Integrated" schools
The academic year is from September 1 to August 31. Typically, the academic year is divided into semesters: autumn (until Christmas), spring (until Easter) and summer (until the end of June). Schools are usually open from 9.00 to 16.00, school week usually 5 days. Parent meetings No. The parents of each child are given 5–10 minutes for individual communication with the teacher. School uniform required Much attention educational institutions devote themselves to charity. From an early age, children are taught to help those who need it. Pupils in many British schools are required to undertake social work, for example at petrol stations or in nursing homes.
There is no unified state education system in the United States; each state has the right to determine its structure independently. School boards set school programs, hire teachers, and determine program funding. States regulate education within their borders by setting standards and testing students.
Preschool institutions where children aged 3-5 years are educated; primary school (grades 1-8), which educates children aged 6-13 years, secondary school (grades 9-12), with the task of educating boys and girls aged 6-13 years; educational institutions of the last level of education that are part of the higher education system.
An elementary school is an independently existing educational institution where one teacher conducts all classes with the class, but often there is also an assistant teacher. A characteristic feature of an elementary school is that classes are assigned according to the abilities of the students. After determining the “IQ”, groups A, B and C appear - “gifted”, “normal” and “incapable” and training is differentiated.
High school in the USA is usually divided into two levels - junior and senior, each lasting three years. There is also a four-year secondary school, based on the eight-year elementary school. In the 8th grade, a system of choosing subjects appears. There are different types of secondary schools: “academic”, “vocational” and “multidisciplinary”.
A – 15% of students – constantly high level readiness, deep knowledge and originality (excellent). B - 25% of students - a level that is frankly higher than average (good). C – 35% of students – average level of task completion (average). D – 15% of students – minimum level of knowledge (below average). F – 10% of students – unsatisfactory results or complete ignorance of the educational material.
The school year continues in American school days; children study 5 days a week. The duration of training sessions per day is 5-6 hours (from 8.30 to 15.30). The composition of the class changes every year to make them approximately equal in both gender and racial composition, as well as in the level of preparation, knowledge, skills and behavior of the students. Teachers are highly specialized: a 1st grade teacher spends his entire professional life teaching only 1st grade children, a 5th grade teacher only teaches 5th grade children, etc.
Graduates must have completed credit in 16 academic courses during their final four years of study. Each such course consists of one lesson daily for 18 or 36 weeks. For the last four years, compulsory study of modern achievements in five “basic disciplines” is recommended: English (4 years), mathematics (3 years), natural sciences (3 years), social sciences (3 years), computer literacy (0.5 years) In addition, students wishing to continue their studies at a higher education institution must complete a 2-year foreign language course.
In these countries, the state guarantees free secondary education. All school education systems are divided into several levels: primary school, basic and high school. However, the distribution of teaching time is different. Russia has a state standard of education, the UK has a national program, and the USA does not have a unified state program. However, in all countries there is a mandatory list of subjects to study. In all countries, school education ends with written exams. Along with public schools, there are private ones, where education is provided on a fee basis.
There are no two identical educational systems in the world. In each country, the age at which education begins and its duration, the range of subjects and exams, and other characteristics may vary. It is better to start choosing a specific educational institution for your child, first of all, with the existing features of education in the country. This will help you make a balanced and thoughtful choice.
UK educational system
Starting age: 5 years
Training stages: Preparatory School (4-11 years old), Secondary School (11-14 years old), GCSE (14-16 years old), A-Levels (16-18 years old)
Higher education: fully paidThe UK educational system is a tradition that has developed over centuries and a quality standard that is recognized throughout the world. British children spend 12 years in school. This is associated with difficulties for Russian graduates in entering a university - they need an additional year of study - Foundation.
At the age of 15-16, schoolchildren take GCSE (General Course of Secondary Education) exams. This completes their mandatory training. Those preparing to enter college study an additional two years of A-Levels. They choose 3-4 subjects to study, to which they devote all their time. Such in-depth training actually corresponds to the level of training in the first years of college.
There are especially many private schools in the UK. Usually these are institutions with a name and history, as well as very high tuition costs. Foreigners are welcomed into British schools with pleasure - a truly international educational environment is created here.
Almost a hundred British universities are included in world rankings - and not only are they included, but they confidently occupy positions within the first two hundred. The most prestigious universities in the country are united in the Russel Group. Higher education in the UK is paid and this pleasure is not cheap. However, the investment quickly pays off, since diplomas are recognized throughout the world.
US educational system
Starting age: 5 years in 3 states, 6 years in 18 states, 7 years in 29 states
Training stages: Junior School (6-11 years old), Middle School (11-15 years old), High School (15-17 years old)
Higher education: paid
There is no unity in the US states on education issues, because each of them has its own educational standard. Thus, studying at school, for example, in California and North Carolina can be completely different. Not only the age at which studies begin differs, but even the dates of semesters and the range of subjects differ.
In the United States, there is no general schedule for schoolchildren. In order to receive a diploma, you need to obtain a certain number of credits (points) in each area. The student chooses the courses for which he will receive these credits. There are also no classes in the usual sense for us - each student has his own set of disciplines. There are many private stakes in the USA, and it is believed that you can get better education compared to government ones. There are many schools that provide only full-time education - in this case, foreign students live with a host family.
The association of prestigious universities in this country is called the Ivy League. The country's educational institutions occupy the top lines of many international educational rankings. For example, most of the best business schools in the world are located in this country, and an MBA program was invented here, which today does not need any special introduction in any country in the world.
Universities also operate a credit system, that is, a student’s independent choice of disciplines to study in addition to the required ones. Foreigners, including Russians, can enter educational institutions immediately after graduating from school. For those who need to improve their level of English, as well as certain specialized subjects, there are preparatory programs.
Educational system of France
Starting age: 6 years
Training stages: Primary school: 6-11 years old, College (11-15 years old), Lyceum (16-18 years old)
Higher education: free at public universities
Young French people begin their education at the age of 6, and most of them go to study in public schools - the share of private educational institutions does not exceed 17%. At the age of 15 they take the exam to obtain the National du Brevet diploma. Only students who successfully pass it move on to the lyceum, while the rest receive a certificate of completion of secondary school and can get a job.
Education at universities in France is free, with the exception of registration fees. They are paid equally by both local and international students, but the amounts usually do not exceed several hundred euros. Students from other countries also receive equal social benefits to local students, for example. Compensation transport costs and rental housing.
In addition to universities in France, there is also a system of Higher Schools, which often provide even more prestigious education. It is not difficult for a foreigner to enter a university in France, but the procedure for entering a higher school will be much more difficult.
Private universities in France offer many programs taught in English, but education in them will be completely paid, and therefore much more expensive than in a state university in French.
Educational system in Germany
Starting age: 6 years
Training stages: Grundschule (from 6 to 10-12 years old), Secondary school (11-18 years old)
Higher education: depends on the region
In Germany, education is controlled by the state, but most states bring their own characteristics to this process. Secondary schools in Germany are divided into 4 types: Gymnasium - the most prestigious, Realschule - average education in every sense, slightly above the required standard, Hauptschule - a base necessary for those who do not plan to continue their studies. Depending on the choice of school, the duration of study can range from 9 to 13 years. There is also a Gesamtschule, where you can study in any of the three above programs.
Education at German universities is no longer universally free for foreigners. Now each region is pursuing a separate policy in this area, but the total number of free programs is constantly decreasing. The most prestigious specialties to study in Germany are technical specialties - German universities in this field are included in the top hundred of many international rankings.
Educational system of Canada
Starting age: 6-7 years
Training stages: Primary school (6-11 years old), Secondary school (11-15 years old), High school (15-17 years old)
Higher education: paid
The Canadian education system generally follows the structure of this process in the United States. A child can go to school at 6 or 7 years old, and the duration of education is 12 years. To evaluate the results of students in Canadian schools, they use percentages rather than scores. The figure of 50% in all subjects is prerequisite transition to next year.
The official language of instruction in Canada can be English or French. Each province determines not only the language, but also the main content of the learning process.
STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION "ORYOL STATE UNIVERSITY"
FACULTY OF PHILOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF JOURNALISM AND CO
Essay
"Education systems in different countries peace"
UK classical education
Great Britainrightfully has a reputation as a country of high-quality classical education, the history of which goes back hundreds of years. The diplomas issued are valued all over the world. In the UK, an extensive system has been created that allows you to get a good education and professional training at any level. There are about 30 thousand schools in the country, of which 2,500 are private, and more than 170 higher educational institutions. One of the country's traditions is the openness of the education system to foreigners. Of the 2 million students, 214 thousand are people who came from abroad. According to the British Council, as of September 12, 2001, 13.4 thousand people were receiving education in various educational institutions in the UK. Russian citizens. Of these, 1,360 people are university students. The education system is built in such a way that a foreigner can “enter” it at almost any stage. But the requirements are high, and this is not so easy to do. In addition, it must be taken into account that the Russian matriculation certificate is not recognized as equivalent to the British one (to obtain it, you need to study for 11 years in a Russian school, and 13 in a British one). Schools. English children start school at age 5 and finish at age 16, receiving a General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE). Until the age of 14, they study basic general education subjects according to a mandatory unified state program. Then within two years go by preparation for passing GCSE exams in 6-10 subjects. After passing these examinations, the compulsory secondary education program is considered completed. But this is not enough to enter the university. You need to study for another two years at the A-level program, which provides in-depth study of three to six subjects. The results of A-level exams serve both the British and foreigners as a “start in life” to continue their education: through a competition of certificates, you can enter a university. In order for a child from Russia to receive a high-quality English education, it would be a good idea to start straight from an English school. More than 90% of secondary schools in the UK are state and free. However, as a rule, foreigners are not accepted there, so the only option is to enroll in a private school. Although they are attended by only around 6% of all pupils, private schools provide around 50% of applicants to elite Oxford and Cambridge. In general, 90% of graduates of English private schools easily enter leading universities in the UK, USA, and Canada. Private schools accept foreigners aged 8 to 18 years, boarding schools - from 7 to 16 years. Colleges. English youth receive secondary and specialized education in colleges. Foreigners are also accepted there. You can enroll in an English college after graduating from a Russian school. Colleges provide vocational training and represent an intermediate step between school and university. College curricula are focused primarily on practical preparation for professional activity. But increasingly, they are also used to prepare for university, and the highest qualification they award is equivalent to the A-level certificate. In fact, these colleges allow students to complete a two-year A-level program at an accelerated pace - in a year. A number of British colleges and universities operate Foundation preparatory courses. Their duration is one year, the program includes in-depth study of the English language and basic major subjects. Universities. UK higher education institutions are divided into three types. There are colleges (Colleges of Higher Education), which, like universities, award academic degrees (bachelor's level only) and issue higher education diplomas. But unlike universities, they are highly specialized educational institutions in areas such as painting and design, music, performing arts, education. There are polytechnic institutes where engineering specialties are usually acquired. There are university colleges, which are usually part of universities. Finally, there are classical universities, which, as before, remain centers of academic education and scientific work. Language schools. In the UK there are about 1,500 educational institutions teaching English to foreigners, about 800 of them are private specialized language schools. More than 370 schools are accredited by the British Council, meaning they meet stringent quality standards and are recommended for international students. Irish education system
In Ireland there are more than 3,000 primary, over 800 secondary, more than 150 language schools, 14 institutes of technology, several private pedagogical and business colleges, and seven universities. All educational institutions are controlled at the state level by special bodies that monitor the compliance of the educational process with accepted standards. Rich traditions and high quality education and the opportunity to earn money legally attract many foreigners to Ireland. More than 150 thousand students attend Irish language schools alone every year. The proportion of overseas students in Irish universities varies from five to ten percent, depending on the institution. Secondary schools in Ireland are public and private, mixed and separate, day and boarding. Most secondary schools in Ireland are private. Children from abroad are accepted into both private and public schools. IN the latter case the fees are very reasonable and lower than in private schools. After 6-8 years of primary school, a test is usually taken to assess general development and knowledge of the basic subjects of the school curriculum. At the age of 12, an Irish child goes to high school, where for six years he studies English and Irish languages, mathematics, economics and natural sciences. Those wishing to obtain higher education must spend an additional three years in school. Over the past two years, Irish schoolchildren have been studying 6-8 subjects in which they take exams to obtain a certificate of complete secondary education - Leaving Certificate. Boarding schools for Russian schoolchildren available already at the age of 9-12 years. Colleges. The specificity of Ireland is that colleges and universities are not separated in its educational system, considering that they together form the so-called “third level”. Therefore, many undergraduate programs are organized on the basis of colleges. Vocational education is available at institutes of technology and private independent colleges. Here you can study information technology, hotel management, accounting and other applied areas. Universities. There are seven universities in Ireland, and most of them are built on the classical model, i.e. offer bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees in a wide range of disciplines. Universities are actively conducting Scientific research. The Advanced Technologies Program finances research projects in the fields of biotechnology, optoelectronics, information technology and telecommunications. Teacher training colleges train primary school teachers. In them you can get a bachelor's degree in three years. A university degree or diploma is required to teach at secondary schools, so many colleges are either affiliated with, or have agreements with, Irish universities. The second option is preparatory departments (Foundation), which first appeared in Ireland not so long ago. This program is NCEA accredited and recognized by both Irish and overseas institutions. Language schools. The backbone of Irish education is made up of schools that are members of the MEI-RELSA (Marketing English in Ireland - Recognized English Language Schools Association), created to strengthen the prestige of Irish education abroad. Quality control and accreditation of schools is carried out by the Advisory Council for English Language Schools (ACELS). In terms of the number of higher educational institutions, and therefore the number of students receiving education in them, the United States ranks first in the world. More than 15 million people study at American universities, 500 thousand of whom are foreigners. They are attracted by the high standard of living, a huge selection of educational programs, and decent quality of academic preparation. Education in the USA educational training college university It is believed that the USA is the best option for master's and doctoral studies. Many American universities play a leading role in research projects of international importance. Their level is determined by the excellent laboratory and technical base, the college’s easy access to all imaginable sources (scientific periodicals, library collections, etc.) and the presence of world-famous teachers. Schools. American children start school at age 6 and study until age 18, i.e. 12 years old. Schools are divided into public and private. Due to the lack of a unified national curriculum, secondary school graduates have different level preparation. Students of prestigious private boarding schools receive the best knowledge. Preparation for entering a university is carried out in the senior classes of an American high school, where a wide range of general education subjects is studied - English and foreign languages, history, natural sciences, etc. Many private schools offer an International Baccalaureate program as an alternative. Colleges. Characteristic American education system - developed system colleges. There are more than 3,000 colleges in the United States, which are divided into several main types: two-year technical, community and four-year colleges, which are equivalent in status to universities. The latter can be either independent higher education institutions or part of other universities. Foreigners often prefer Community Colleges because they are easier to get into. These institutions not only teach trades, but also offer academic preparation programs corresponding to the first two years of university. Typically, community colleges have agreements with their state's public universities for transfer students. Universities. American universities are divided into private and public. Both can be of different levels: along with the brilliant Yale and Harvard, there are a number of small and unremarkable educational institutions. Science course They cost much less, but the diploma is valued much lower. Obtaining a bachelor's degree requires four years of study. Educational plans American universities are distinguished by the ability to combine elective subjects as widely as possible. Foreign students prefer to study business administration, management, economics, i.e. disciplines in which Americans occupy an undisputed leading position in the world. MBA programs from American business schools are very popular. Language classes. One of the main requirements for those planning to study in the USA is excellent knowledge of the English language. You will have to take the TOEFL Test of English as a Foreign Language, which requires extensive special preparation. The test is aimed at testing the ability to understand oral and written speech, formulate your thoughts and compose an essay. Usually, to enter the university you need to score 550-600 points. All major international linguistic centers - LAL, Aspect, EF, International House, Regent, etc. - have their branches in different regions of the United States. Many branded language programs provide a combination of study and relaxation at American resorts. Canadian education system
Canada is one of the countries whose diplomas are valued all over the world. This is not surprising: Canada spends more money on the development of its education system than many other developed countries. Canada is one of the world leaders in the field of high technology, aerospace industry, and microelectronics. As a result, all these areas are taught here at a very high level. Canadian engineering education, as well as programs in business and natural sciences, enjoy a good reputation. Diplomas from Canadian educational institutions are recognized throughout the world. All these advantages attract more than 100 thousand foreign students per year to Canada. Since Canada has two foreign languages - English and French, foreign student can study at a university where teaching is conducted at any of them. English is more widely spoken (in Quebec - French). Among Canadian educational institutions there are both public and private. The quality of education they provide is approximately the same. But the content of educational programs in one province or another may vary somewhat, because According to the Canadian Constitution, education issues are the responsibility of local authorities. Schools. More than 5 million students study in Canadian schools. For foreigners, training is paid. The amount of payment is determined by the educational institution itself. Private schools offer paid programs. The choice of such schools is very large - with separate or coeducational education for boys and girls, with full board or only daytime education. There are relatively few private schools in Canada and they are quite competitive. On average, private boarding schools are better equipped than public schools. Graduates of famous Canadian private schools easily enter leading Canadian universities in the UK, USA and Canada. Children go to first grade at the age of 6. Education in primary and secondary schools is conducted in one of the official languages of the country - English or French. In most provinces, complete secondary education, which opens the way to a university, takes 12 years, then those who want to prepare for entering a university study for another 2 years in the preparatory department at a college. Colleges. There are approximately 175 public and private colleges in Canada. About 300 thousand people study in the vocational education system. Representatives of the ACCC (Association of Canadian Community Colleges) monitor the quality of education. Canadian colleges are divided into public, technical and the already mentioned CEGEP colleges. The main task of colleges is to train professional personnel for industry and business. In particular, technical colleges are something like Russian vocational schools, whose students short term get some kind of profession. Typically, college is a two-year course, and most of the study time is spent not in classrooms, but in laboratories and workshops. Upon completion, students will receive certificates and professional diplomas. Many colleges have undergraduate degree programs with universities. Graduates of such a college are immediately enrolled in the second year of the partner university. Universities. There are no private higher education institutions in Canada (with the exception of a few closed religious universities), all of them are financed two-thirds from the state budget and public funds. All universities are members of the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada (AUCC). Canadian universities are equipped with modern material and technical equipment and have good libraries. Strength Canadian higher education is a close connection between science and practice. University clinics are considered the best in the country, and business schools are actively involved in advising entrepreneurs and taxpayers. According to official statistics, Canadian university science creates 150-200 thousand jobs in the country every year. In total, more than 1.5 million students study at Canadian universities, including about 30 thousand foreigners. Students from abroad make up approximately 5% of the total student population. But among graduates of educational institutions such as Windsor University and New Brunswick University, every fourth is a foreigner. Study in Australia
Australia V last decades became one of the leaders of the international educational market. Studying on the “green continent” has many advantages: English as the state language, high standard of living, opportunity all year round enjoy all the delights of a warm climate. Therefore, more than 160 thousand students from abroad come to this country every year. Today in Australia there are about 10 thousand schools, more than 300 state colleges and 40 universities, two of which are private. All educational institutions - both public and private - are under the control of the Ministry of Education, comply with state standards and guarantee high quality education. The education system has some differences depending on the state. On average, Australian children start school from the age of 6. Up to the age of 12 they study at the first stage, up to 16 years at the second stage, and up to 18 years at the third stage of secondary education. In general, it is designed for 12 years, which is why the Russian certificate of secondary education is not recognized as equivalent to the Australian one. There are not many foreign students in Australia - they make up about 5% (approximately 15 thousand). For children coming to Australia from overseas, boarding schools are most suitable. The vast majority of foreign schoolchildren are concentrated in the last two graduating classes. Their goal is to obtain an Australian Higher School Certificate and enter university on a general basis. A foreigner wishing to receive an Australian education must provide completed application forms, a certificate of grades in a Russian school, and pass an English language test. The most prestigious schools sometimes also require tests in core subjects. Colleges. Australian colleges provide vocational training in a wide range of areas. Colleges are divided into public and private. State ones, united in the TAFE (Technical and Further Education) system, are considered more prestigious. A typical set of college offerings includes a program in business, management, marketing, accounting, information technology, secretarial science, design, tourism and hotel management. The training has a pronounced practical orientation. In a number of specialties, you can undergo an internship (most often paid). Universities. Australian universities occupy leading positions in the Pacific region, their degrees are recognized throughout the world. More than 680 thousand students study at the country's universities. The list of bachelor's programs alone includes more than 2,000 positions. Preparatory courses (Foundation) are available for foreign applicants. They are designed for an average of 24 weeks of training. Successful completion of the Foundation program guarantees a place in the first year. New Zealand education system
Before 1907 New Zealand remained a British colony, so the English influence is felt here in everything, even in the education system, built on the British model. Foreigners love to study in this country. Every year about 30 thousand students from abroad come here. They are attracted to New Zealand by safety, high standard of living and excellent ecology. Schools. There are about 440 schools in New Zealand, about 20 of which are private. As in many European countries, schools are separate (for girls only or boys only) and co-ed. Most of them are state-owned and therefore free, but as a rule they do not accept foreigners. Along with state schools, there are private boarding schools, which are also open to schoolchildren from abroad. These schools offer foreigners a very good education and basic training with which they can easily enter the best universities in English-speaking countries. They usually go to school from the age of 5-6. Education in primary school lasts 8 years - from first to eighth grade. At age 13, children move to one of the secondary schools, which are sometimes called "colleges" or "tertiary schools." In grades 9-13, children are prepared to enter universities and polytechnic institutes. In high school, students will have to choose 6 major subjects. Full list disciplines have up to 30 positions and are approved by the New Zealand Organization for the Recognition of Qualifications (NZQA). At the end of the 11th grade, students who successfully pass the exams receive a certificate of secondary education. The 12th grade ends with passing the Sixth Form Certificate exams, and at the end of the 13th grade, students take final exams, which are also entrance exams to universities. These exams - in fact, they are an analogue of the British A-level - test knowledge in 4-6 major subjects. Colleges. Vocational and technical educational institutions - "polytechnics" - are very popular among young people in New Zealand. They offer professional qualifications or bachelor's degrees. Study lasts from six months to two years. Classes are held in small groups. After completing each level, the student receives the appropriate document: a certificate, professional diploma or bachelor's diploma (the latter is issued after completing a three-year program). The programs are structured in such a way that students, after studying for one year, can immediately enter the second year of a university that has a partnership with the institute. Besides traditional programs in hotel management, tourism, information technology, some educational institutions offer less common options. For example, at the Eastern Institute of Technology you can take the course “Viculture and Winemaking.” Universities. The total number of students at New Zealand universities exceeds 110 thousand, 3-10% are foreigners. The first universities in New Zealand arose about a century and a half ago. The British model was taken as the basis for their creation. Since the duration of study in a Russian secondary school does not correspond to that accepted in New Zealand, it is not yet possible to enter a university in this country with a Russian matriculation certificate. As a rule, applicants need to complete one or two courses at a Russian university or study in another city in New Zealand - at a preparatory department or at a vocational school. Another way is to graduate from a New Zealand high school. Tuition fees in New Zealand are significantly lower than in European countries and Australia. At the same time, diplomas from New Zealand universities are recognized in most countries of the world (70% of graduates work outside of New Zealand). Anyone who likes life in New Zealand has the opportunity, after three years of study, to obtain permission to stay here to work in the acquired specialty for a period of two years. Language classes. In New Zealand, there are both language centers organized at schools and universities, and individual private language schools. “English + sports” programs have become widespread in New Zealand language schools. The variety of sports that can be practiced in New Zealand all year round is amazing: skiing, scuba diving, mountaineering, sailing, golf, horse riding.
Poliektova Daria
The project work contains a small study of the education system in different countries of the world in order to compare the characteristics of school education on different continents and the relationship of the education index with economic development in the country.
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EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE PANORAMA OF THE WORLD COUNTRIES The presentation of the project was carried out by a student of the 9th grade of the Municipal Educational Institution Kesovogorsk Secondary School Poliektova Daria, 2014
Relevance of the project To classify countries of the world, many different indicators are used, according to which it is possible to compile short description characteristics of the country. One of these indicators is the human potential index, the criterion of which is the education index, the calculation of which takes two indicators: the adult literacy rate and the total share of students in the population. What picture can be presented about the country if we know the number of literate people and the number of students among the population? Hypothesis: Do digital indicators of the education index affect the economic characteristics of a country?
Goals and objectives of the project The goal of the project: to compare education systems in different countries of the world. Objectives: Conduct a study of the structure of education systems in the countries of each continent. 2. Compare the features of school education in different countries of the world. 3. Classify countries by education index and economy. 4. Arouse interest in education among the audience.
There are 289 states in the world
Japan Education in Japan is a cult supported by family, society and the state. The saying “live and learn” is quite applicable to the Japanese education system. In their lives, the Japanese study for almost a quarter of a century, starting from the age of 3, that is, from kindergarten. In elementary school, children study from 6 to 12 years. Having completed the sixth grade, young Japanese, having mastered the phonetic alphabet, receive only basic knowledge of hieroglyphic writing. By the end of primary school, they have mastered about a thousand characters, which is quite a lot, considering that to read newspapers you need to know one thousand eight hundred hieroglyphs. At first-level school, where the Japanese spend three years, the baggage of hieroglyphs increases to two thousand. At the same time, schoolchildren have time to master such subjects as. foreign language, basics of technology, home economics, musical literacy, and receive primary knowledge in art history. This concludes compulsory education. The next level is secondary school of the second level, in which students study until they are 18 years old. This is a paid education.
France Education in France is compulsory from 6 to 16 years of age. Basic principles of French education: freedom of teaching (public and private institutions), free education, neutrality of education. The primary school timetable, established by the French Ministry of Education, in various disciplines provides sufficient time for each of the 7 main areas of education. speech acquisition and French; life together; mathematics; knowledge of the world; art education. Secondary education is divided into two stages (college and lyceum) and lasts seven years. College education is compulsory, lasts four years (from sixth to third grade) and is divided into three cycles: Adaptation cycle - Sixth grade Central cycle - Fifth and fourth grades Vocational guidance cycle - Third grade
India The country ranks seventh in the world in terms of area and second in population. India is a country with rich ancient traditions. Children in India start school from the age of 4. In some schools, children are taught separately. They study 6 days a week, 6-8 lessons. At school they study Hindi, English, mathematics, computer science, history, geography and natural sciences (chemistry, physics, biology), from grades 6 to 10 - Sanskrit. From grades 10 to 12, students can study in depth subjects of their own choosing, as well as teachers. There are summer and winter holidays, as well as for various national and religious holidays. Summer holidays last from May to June. On the first of July children go to school. Winter holidays begin at the end of December and last approximately 10 days.
USA Speaking about American schools, I would like to add that in America there is no single central system secondary education. Each state has its own rules regarding high schools. All fifty states of America, from Hawaii to Delaware and from Alaska to Louisiana, have their own laws governing education. The grading system in US schools is letter-based. A- Excellent B - Good C - Average D - Below average F - Unsatisfactory The school education system in the USA is divided into several levels and is almost the same as the European education system, but with some differences: In fact, this is a zero grade, the purpose of which is to prepare the child for school. It begins at the age of 5 years and is not mandatory. Secondary school already begins at the age of 11-14 years. During this period, American students study compulsory subjects such as English and mathematics, and can also choose other additional subjects. Higher school begins with grade 9 and ends with grade 12. In addition to compulsory subjects, those that are mandatory in many higher educational institutions are studied. For example, a foreign language.
Finland Finland has been leading the list of European countries with the most competitive economy, the least corrupt government, and the most effective education system for several years now. Studying there is not only prestigious, but also cheap, because... higher education is free, and the associated costs are quite small compared to other European countries. Pre-school education in Finland is free and optional. The choice remains with the parents, however, when the child turns 6 years old, he must undergo preparatory training on the basis of kindergartens or schools. General education in Finland is compulsory and free of charge. This applies not only to Finnish children, but also to children foreign citizens. Compulsory schooling lasts 9 years and begins when children reach the age of 7. The country is proud of its 100% literacy rate. Stages of school education in Finland: Junior comprehensive school - from 1st to 6th grade Senior secondary school - from 7th to 9th grade Middle school (gymnasium) - 3 years
Lesotho Lesotho's education system is underdeveloped and education is not compulsory. Children attend primary schools (the duration of education is 7 years) from the age of 6. Secondary education (5 years) begins at the age of 13 and takes place in two stages - three and two years. 98% of children of the corresponding age are covered by primary education. The higher education system includes the University of Lesotho (located in the suburb of Manzini Kwaluseni, opened in 1964 as part of the University of Botswana; Swaziland received the status of an independent university in 1976), agricultural and pedagogical institutes.
New Zealand Education in New Zealand is given a lot of attention. Every sixth dollar from the budget goes to the development and support of education. In this regard, it is of high quality, and costs significantly less than higher education of the same level in European countries. There are approximately 440 schools in New Zealand. Most of them are government-owned and therefore free. In addition, there are more than a hundred private schools in the country, where parents pay for their children’s education, but these institutions also receive subsidies from the state. All New Zealanders are required by law to complete secondary education. They usually go to school from the age of 5-6. Primary school education lasts 8 years: from first grade to eighth grade. At the age of thirteen, children move to secondary school, where they study in grades 9-13, preparing to enter universities and institutes.
Brazil The full educational cycle in this country includes: 8 years of primary (basic) education; three years of secondary education; higher education - from four to six years; mandatory or optional additional education. In accordance with the Brazilian Constitution, primary (basic) education is free and compulsory. Not only the parents of the children, but also the state itself (including the states, the federal district, the government and the municipality) are responsible for the fulfillment of these conditions. The most common and serious problem in Brazilian schools is when children stop attending school because their parents do not supervise them. Child labor is widely used in this state, despite the fact that children under 16 years of age are prohibited from working, and at the same time, primary education is compulsory. And the reason for this is very simple - parents need their children to work and earn money. Private schools are very popular in this country. Higher education in Brazil is also not compulsory. But most of the federal investments are aimed at its development.
England All education in the UK is conducted in English. In general, the education system in England is quite different from ours. Education in the UK starts at age 5. At this age, children enter preparatory school. Then go to primary school and only then - to the middle one. The education system in England has developed over many centuries and today it meets high quality standards. The first important regulatory document was the Education Act of 1944, which, although it was mainly devoted to school education, significantly streamlined the English education system as a whole. Education in England is compulsory for all citizens aged 5 to 16 years. There are two sectors of education: public (free education) and private (paid educational institutions). Before going to school, 3-4 year old children in England are brought up in kindergartens or baby centers. At the age of 5, compulsory education begins and children enter infant school. From the age of 7 they move to primary school, and from the age of 11 - from primary to secondary school. The country's secondary education system includes integrated, grammar, technical, modern, special and private schools, among which the elite ones stand out. The most in mass form schools are integrated (about 90% of secondary school students in England study in them. Passing exams becomes an important step in obtaining further education or acquiring the necessary specialty.
MOU Kesovogorskaya Secondary School MOU Kesovogorskaya Secondary School is included in the total number of basic schools in Russia. According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, education in our country is compulsory until the age of 18 and free. Includes preschool education, primary education, basic education, secondary education, secondary specialized education and higher education. In 2014 our school turns 80 years old. http://www.kgschool.ru/ Pre-school group Primary classes Middle management
Thus, having examined the sources that reveal the meaning of the structure of education in different countries of the world, I came to the conclusion that: Firstly, the structure of the education system in the countries of the world is the same, it includes preschool, primary and secondary education. The difference remains in the time period of these stages. Secondly, among the features of school education, it can be noted that in some countries only primary education is sufficient, that vacation time is determined by climatic conditions, wearing a school uniform is mandatory, there are significant differences in assessing students’ knowledge, and in many countries the most important assessment is the one received for the exam. In high school, education is focused on specialization and choice of higher education institution. Thirdly, countries based on their education system can also be classified according to their economic level of development: Conclusion: developed developing countries with economies in transition The poorest countries England, USA, New Zealand, France, Japan Brazil Russia Lesotho
Thank you for attention!