Anyone can open their own business in a village, if they wish. But for some reason, not all villagers are in a hurry to open their own business. If you are not like that and want to be realized in life, I recommend that you draw up a clear agricultural business plan.

Want to learn how to write a business plan for agriculture?

First, it’s worth understanding what this document is. A business plan is step-by-step instruction, which will help you organize and promote the project.

Business plan for agricultural business:

Choosing an idea

In order to start your own business, you need specific idea. There are criteria for choosing a good idea: profitability and competitiveness.

To succeed, it is worth considering the competition in a given locality. If, for example, you decide to start a business in the trading field, then keep in mind that, as a rule, you will have competitors. It is profitable to open a business in this niche with minimal competition, otherwise you may fail.

The relevance of the idea is determined by assessing the needs of the population. If your product and services are in demand and interesting to consumers, then the idea is profitable.

Start-up capital

A very important condition when starting your own business. As practice shows, opening a profitable business without money is almost impossible. After all, nowadays you have to pay for everything. The only plus is that in the village it’s a little different. Labor is cheap, and opportunities are no less than in the city.

If you do not have the opportunity to invest money, implement business ideas for the village with minimal investment, such as gardening.

Profit from agriculture

Most aspiring entrepreneurs are interested in the possibility of quickly making a profit. Business in the village is just an option for those who do not have much starting capital and wants to organize a business with a quick payback.

Video on the topic

Modern agriculture can generate substantial income, this direction business is highly efficient. Large collective farms are extremely slow and cannot quickly reorient themselves to new tasks, so farming is a promising type of entrepreneurship.

A business plan will allow you to consider the situation more specifically farm located in a village or just some distance from the city. A place with good nature and clean air should be chosen. The work will be carried out in several directions at once:

• breeding young animals for meat production;
• receipt and subsequent sale of milk;
• other services.

Pros and cons of business

The growing popularity of healthy eating increases consumer demand for natural products, which shows the effectiveness of entrepreneurial activity in this direction. Depending on the specific region, competition can be assessed as low or medium. The advantage of agricultural business is that, no matter the state of the competitive environment, a certain demand for the goods of an individual company will remain. Will help you achieve good results ready business farm plan with calculations.

Before starting a business, you should sensibly assess the existing risks; activities in agriculture are not as simple as many may think at first glance. The following dangers may negatively affect the development of the enterprise:
- seasonal nature of production;
- sharp jumps in the level of demand;
- instability of the income level of potential buyers;
- rapid increase in the cost of raw materials;
- jumps in prices for rental of specialized equipment.

Strictly following a business plan for a farm with calculations will help you avoid encountering most of the difficulties that may arise along the way. From the plan you can find out exactly how to get out of a particular dangerous situation with minimal losses.

What is needed to open a farm?

First of all, you need to register with government agencies. The peasant farm business plan is implemented properly if the peasant farm is chosen as the legal form, and the tax payment scheme is the unified agricultural tax. A favorable environment is being created for the development of agricultural infrastructure in the country, so the tax is only 6%, which is a serious relaxation compared to other types of business activity.

To register, you must complete the following steps:
- pay the state fee;
- draw up an application according to the established template and have it certified by a notary;
- prepare and submit to the tax service required package documents;
- get registration documents and register with the Funds;
- receive a letter from Rosstat with statistics codes;
- open a bank account.

Initial data for starting a farm. There is a plot of 2 hectares, there is a house with buildings. It is planned to buy 40 heads of Simmental calves for growing and 2 cows for selling milk for cheese makers. As the number of cows increases, they plan to start making cheese themselves. Additionally, a plot of 2 hectares will be rented for hay harvesting. The rental cost for the year will be 600 rubles. From one hectare of hayfield you can get from 800 to 4000 kg of hay. We believe that in the summer our farmer will be able to prepare 5000 kg of hay for the winter.

To start a business you will need to incur the following costs:
- purchase of building materials for the construction of a barn for calves (roof, brick, lumber) - 400,000 rubles;

Tractor MTZ-82 - 850,000 rubles;

Universal loader - 95,000 rubles;

Purchase of calves (40 heads) - 600,000 rubles;

Purchase of 2 dairy cows – 150,000 rubles;

Milking machine - 22,000 rubles;

Summing up and connecting the necessary communications - 56,000;

Initial feed stock - 118,000;

The remaining costs are 50,000.

In total, funds will be required to start raising bulls for meat and obtain milk from 2 cows for sale - 2,341,000 rubles. WITH working capital it will be approximately 3,250,000 rubles.

It is recommended to spend the 1.5 million rubles received as subsidies on the purchase of a tractor, young animals and some building materials. In this case, the grant must repay no more than 90 percent of the costs incurred for the acquisition of material resources for the development of a peasant (farm) economy. A business plan for the creation and development of a peasant farm says that this method of cost planning is optimal.

Description of the main activity.

The planned farm has three main sources of profit:
- meat (sale to the public and third party companies);
- milk (sale to the public and third-party companies);
- sale of manure.

The Simmental breed of calves is considered ideal for meat production; they grow quickly and gain the required weight in a year and a half. Weight young bull can exceed a thousand kilograms. The purchase of three-month-old calves will be carried out at a price of 15 thousand per one; the most mature and strong individuals are selected. This choice reduces the risk of the spread of dangerous diseases to almost zero; when fed with the right food, animals can gain significant weight in a short time. The live weight of a bull at the age of 1 year is 300-400 kilograms of weight. At the age of 1.5 years, bull calves can weigh about 400-500 kilograms. The slaughter yield is 55-60% of the weight. In bulls, the daily increase in body weight can be 1500 grams.

We are purchasing two dairy cows, also of the Simmental breed. In one lactation season, a cow of this breed can produce 5 thousand liters of milk. Between calving periods last an average of 386 days. The milk of this breed has an excellent taste; characterized high content protein and dry matter, but a low percentage of somatic cells. It is well suited for making cheese. Milk prices always depend on its quality and its content of protein, dry matter and somatic cells. In this regard, the milk of the Simmental cow breed is one of the best. We plan to donate milk to cheese factories.

The lactation period in cows is divided into three phases:

Colostrum and lasts 5-7 days;

Normal milk – 190-288 days;

Old milk 7-10 days.

We consider that we are buying a cow at the stage of receiving normal milk, within 210 days (seven months for calculation). Conventionally, we believe that each cow gives us 16 liters of milk per day. Also, every year cows will give birth to calves, which will help gradually reduce the need to purchase young animals from third party organizations. At a certain point, the company can begin to fully provide itself with the necessary number of livestock.

The main diet for cattle is hay, free range and dried grass in summer, mixed feed, root vegetables, bran and table salt. For calves born in the spring, the rough and succulent feed of the diet is replaced with green grass. When grazing on good grass, you can save up to 15–20% of concentrates calculated according to the norm.

Production plan

Animal housing must meet many requirements to ensure maximum efficiency. The list of these requirements includes convenient servicing of livestock, the presence of a feed warehouse, convenient conditions for cleaning and storing manure. Conditions for walking must also be provided. The length of the feeder is 1 meter, height - 60 centimeters, width - 70 centimeters. The room must be provided with the proper amount of sunlight.

Since we are planning a farm, the whole family takes part in the business as much as possible, so one person is required to work in the barn. We plan that his monthly salary will be 15,000 rubles. Accounting – outsourcing services.

A list of all costs can be seen in the table below.

Fixed expenses
Wage
Payroll taxes
Rent
Depreciation
Accountant services
Variable expenses
Feed cost
Slaughterhouse services
Electricity
Transport
Insurance individual entrepreneurs
Other variable expenses
Total costs

The planned revenue of the farm will be:

Let's draw up a plan for income and expenses.

Let's analyze the obtained figures.

Planning horizon
Enterprise revenue, rub.
Enterprise profit, rub.
Investments in the project, rub.
Investments in the state project, rub.
Own investments, rub.
Available cash at the end of the year, rub.
Payback, year
Profitability, %

The enterprise's revenue for the year amounted to 1,797,600 rubles, business profitability was 8.6%. The payback of the business, taking into account the receipt of support from the state in the amount of 1.5 million rubles, will be about two years.

Conclusion

The implementation of the project not only brings tangible profits, but also has important social significance. The following indicators should be highlighted:
- creation of new jobs in the settlement;
- reduction of social tension;
- receipt of additional financial resources into the local budget.

Opening an enterprise in a particular location depends on competitive conditions and the level of demand for products. A similar agricultural company in different locations may have completely different revenues. Growing demand for healthy food and products subsistence farming pushes the development of farming activities forward, but without taking into account all the risks, start practical activities Not recommended. At the moment, an important advantage is the possibility of receiving support from the state.

At low interest rate for the activities of organizations of this type and a relatively short payback period, investments can be called profitable.

2018-01-25 Igor Novitsky

State programs for agricultural development: modern realities

25.04.2016, 16:51 Analytics

The agro-industrial complex is one of the most important sectors of the Russian economy: about 13% of the main production capacity, 14% of the labor force, produces about 6% of the gross domestic product. IN Lately in the Russian Federation Special attention is given to the development of the agricultural complex, since the organization of food security and the formation of an effective agro-industrial complex are the basis for the stability of the country.

State program for agricultural development and regulation for 2013-2020

• have a well-written business plan;
• provide a spending plan Money indicating planned acquisitions and prices for such expenses;
• have own funds in an amount of at least 10% of the subsidy amount;
• creation of at least 3 jobs;
• after receiving state subsidies, carry out farming activities for at least 5 years;
• The funds received must be spent for their intended purpose within 24 months after receiving them.

In addition to subsidies, the state has also provided for the possibility of credit support for beginning farmers. Thus, OJSC Rosselkhozbank offers to use a special loan product at 8.5% per annum. Thanks to such a loyal lending program, those who are just taking their first steps in farming can take advantage of a loan program in the amount of up to 15 million rubles, the repayment period should not exceed 10 years.

As practice shows, such financial support from the state allows any farm to turn into a successful profitable agricultural enterprise within 5 years.

Grants in action: how to succeed in business?

Active farms with state support(subsidies) are currently being developed in the Leningrad region. Today, about 1 thousand peasant and farm enterprises are successfully operating here.

The state program to support beginning farmers has been successfully implemented in the Leningrad region since 2012. Over these five years, 110 farms and 68 family-type livestock enterprises received grants. About 750 million rubles have been allocated from the federal and regional budgets for free subsidies. Over the last 3 years alone, the total volume of products produced by farmers in the region has almost doubled. According to the results of work for 2015, the volume of gross product reached 2.5 billion rubles.

In the Kingisepp district they were able to appreciate the state support provided through the allocation of grants. So, in April 2016, another agricultural facility appeared here - livestock farm for 800 sheep, the creation of which became possible thanks to the receipt of a grant, which was allocated as part of the action for livestock development programs. It is noteworthy that the capacity of the farm enterprise is designed to produce at least 20 tons of meat per year.

The farm of Anatoly Similian received government subsidy in 2014, which made it possible to receive financial support in the amount of 6.9 million rubles. During the implementation of the project, a sheep farm building with an area of ​​1.2 thousand square meters was erected. meters, new equipment was purchased (cremator, drinking bowls and feeders), the slaughterhouse was fully equipped, the livestock was replenished with 180 ewes of elite breeds.

During the implementation of the project, it was possible to double the number of sheep (from 400 to 800 heads), and purchase 100 bulls for fattening. Today, this farm actively sells beef and lamb to the population of St. Petersburg and the region through its own retail outlets. The unique agricultural enterprise of Anatoly Similian is one of the 20 leaders in Russia. The honey mushrooms of this farm are recommended for study and implementation in all regions of the Russian Federation. ( 1 ratings, average: 5,00 out of 5)

Farming is a business aimed at growing crop or livestock products and their further sale. This is a popular type of production, attractive due to its accessibility for private entrepreneurs.

The industry has high level competition and poses significant risks. Considering that most of the market has already been captured, first of all, it is worth taking care of product distribution channels. A good, but costly solution would be to open your own store for direct deliveries and sales of goods.

The development of farming as a small business is strongly stimulated by the state through financial support and simplification of the system for obtaining all the necessary decisions.

Drawing up a competent business plan and consciously conducting production can make farming a profitable business for an entrepreneur who is not afraid to take risks in such an ambiguous niche.

The idea of ​​creating your own farm

Creating your own farm is a type of business available to everyone. Even the lack of initial capital will not be a problem: with a well-drafted business plan, it is quite possible to take out a loan at a favorable interest rate or even find a good sponsor interested in a quality product.

Economists consider farming a profitable type of small business. But, due to technological progress in recent decades, some of these types of farms have closed, giving way to the emerging monopolists in the form of distributors of genetically modified products. Existence great competition in this industry discourages many inexperienced entrepreneurs. Despite this, a natural, high-quality product will always find its buyer.

There are several possible sectors for farming development:

• Plant growing.

1. grain crops;
2. fruits;
3. vegetables;
4. greenery.

• Livestock:

1. cattle breeding;
2. poultry farming;
3. fish farming;
4. beekeeping.

It is not necessary to choose one specific direction. Many industries coexist perfectly in the complex. Thus, animal products can become fertilizer for plants, and plants can become feed for livestock. It all depends only on the size of the territory and the initial capital of the founder of the farm.

Business plan development

Having decided on the niche of your production, it is time to create a business plan. The planning stage is the foundation of future income: it allows you to assess business prospects, calculate necessary costs and payback, prevent possible risks.

The development of a business plan includes:

1. A resume that describes the idea of ​​opening a farm, selects a niche, and sets clear production goals.
2. Studying the competitive market and demand for products.
3. Description of production infrastructure, area and assets.
4. Sources or availability of initial capital.
5. Summary of financial expenses.
6. Sales channels.
7. Calculation of profitability and plans for further development.
8. Risk assessment.

Regarding risk assessment, there are many possible “force majeure” events in farming. These could be sudden disasters, epidemics, weather or insect problems. You must always be prepared for unplanned expenses, saving part of the funds received in the appropriate fund.

Some novice entrepreneurs strive to make their business plan as optimistic as possible and evaluate possible production only in ideal utopian conditions. The content of the business plan must be reliable, and calculations can be made in two versions at once: optimistic (usual average conditions) and pessimistic (fulfillment of possible risks and termination of financing). In the current unstable economy, it is necessary to use the most current prices.

Obtaining territory for a farm and collecting the necessary documents

Unlike a personal subsidiary plot, a peasant farm (large subsidiary farm) has a number of privileges for the sale of products, but for this it is subject to mandatory control by sanitary and epidemiological services.

Opening your own peasant farm begins with choosing a territory for production. There are several criteria for a suitable location:

• convenient road junction;
• proximity to the place of sale (city, warehouse, etc.);
• ecologically clean area.

Citizens of Russia have the right to receive a farm plot for free if they express a desire to engage in agriculture. To do this, you must submit a corresponding application to the local government authority.

Depending on the chosen direction, additional conditions will be required: large fields nearby for cattle breeding, a pond for waterfowl, or the presence of flower stalks for bees.

To officially obtain the status of a farm with the possibility of selling products, you must go through the following steps:

1. Payment of state fees to government bodies.
2. Certification of the registration application by a notary.
3. Submitting documents to the tax authority.
4. Collection of registration documents.
5. Registration in the relevant funds.
6. Obtaining statistics codes from the State Statistics Service.
7. Opening a current account.

During the registration process at different stages you will need the following documents:

• passport (original document and several notarized copies);
• documents confirming registration as an individual entrepreneur or LLC (application for state registration, receipt of payment of state duty tax, etc.).
• statement about state registration farm according to form No. P21002;
• permission from fire, sanitary and other services depending on the chosen niche.

Farm arrangement and personnel selection

After long preparatory stages of planning, choosing a territory and registering a farm, the time has come to begin the actual arrangement of the place.

Farming includes:

1. Utility buildings;
2. Reclamation structures;
3. Agricultural machinery and equipment;
4. Vehicles;
5. Inventory for farming activities.

Depending on the chosen niches, different preparation will be required.

• Cattle. Breeding cattle will require feed supply devices, dispensers, manure removal machines, and breast pumps. It will be mandatory to hire a butcher and build a slaughterhouse. It is advisable to purchase specialized Vehicle for transportation of products.
• Beekeeping. It is necessary to build a winter greenhouse for bees. Providing them with a sufficient number of hives. If there are no flower stalks nearby, plant fields. Purchase of special clothing and equipment for working with bees.

• Poultry farming. It will require the construction of a poultry house, perches, a walking area, additional heating to maintain a constant temperature and an increase in egg production of laying hens.
• Plant growing. It is necessary to purchase various vehicles and equipment for sowing, watering and harvesting. Requires a granary.

Almost any livestock farm will require the construction of warehouses equipped with a refrigeration system.

In parallel with the equipment of the farm territory, the search, selection and hiring of personnel must take place.

For any type of storage facility you will need:

• manager;
• accountant;
• vet;
• technician;
• specialized workers;
• drivers.

The number of personnel depends on both the type of production and its volume. For example, beekeeping will require almost 10 times more people to maintain hives than to maintain a similar volume of production chicken eggs.

The main part of any livestock farming will be the hiring of a competent and educated livestock specialist, under whose leadership production processes will be ensured.

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of a veterinarian. He not only monitors the health of animals, but also controls vaccination, reports to the relevant services and is directly involved in the appearance of new animals (deliveries or participates in the purchase of new livestock).

The purchase of animals or plants, as well as the necessary feed, becomes the last stage setting up your own farm. For these purposes, only trusted suppliers who have all the necessary necessary documents and permissions.

Animal husbandry and sanitary and epidemiological surveillance

Good living conditions are the basis for successfully running a business related to farming in any direction. If in the case of crop farming, we are talking about storing the finished product for its further transportation and sale, then livestock farming requires a more scrupulous approach to the issue of maintenance.

The living conditions of animals determine, first of all, their growth and, as a result, productivity (the amount of milk, meat or wool for cattle, eggs for chickens, honey for bees or fluff for rabbits). Second important factor, which is directly dependent on the conditions of detention is the reproductive function of livestock. The better the animals feel, the healthier they are and, accordingly, the larger and more often the farmer’s livestock increases.

In addition, nutrition, microclimatic conditions and care have a direct impact on the well-being of each animal.

Feeding livestock should be as balanced as possible. At the moment, there are two types of feed: dry and wet. Most farms prefer the first. This is not only more profitable from a financial point of view, but also due to sanitary and hygienic standards. A herd of 300 animals will require about 35 tons of feed.

In addition to the main food, multivitamin complexes and supplements must be included in the diet of livestock.

Equally important is constant access to clean drinking water. Pregnant and sick individuals should receive special attention.

In addition to feeding, some types of animals require the creation of a certain microclimate. In a room specially equipped for a barn, not only a comfortable temperature must be maintained, but also an appropriate level of air humidity.

The shed must be insulated from drafts, but provided with good air circulation.

We should not forget about lighting. For example, for high productivity of chickens, long daylight hours are necessary, but too much light can become stressful for laying hens and have the opposite effect. Likewise, the presence of strong noise can lead to a drop in egg production.

Farms of any type are subject to close sanitary and epidemiological control.

• Preventive control. Carried out at the stage of registration of a farm. The compliance of the territory and equipment with the relevant standards is determined. The technological process, rules for personnel, future conditions for keeping animals, etc. are approved. The conclusion of the preventive control will be the receipt of permission.
• Current control. It is carried out in the immediate production process through scheduled and unscheduled inspections. The discovery of any violations may result in administrative liability or even temporary suspension of production processes and sales of products until the farm corrects its mistakes.

Sales channels

Implementation finished products- the main stage of farming, on which all the profit received depends. The most favorable development of the event will be the conclusion of an agreement for the supply of products for a large network. Depending on the chosen niche and form of production (individual entrepreneur or LLC), it is possible to use various wholesale and retail sales channels.

The main ways of selling products can be:

• weekend fairs;
• market;
• own retail store;
• non-chain partner stores;
• resellers;
• public catering.

As additional sales channels, it is also worth considering farm participation in seasonal exhibitions, government tenders, and membership in an agricultural consumer cooperative.

In addition to standard distribution channels, do not forget about technological progress. At the moment, there are several large platforms on the Internet for selling agricultural products directly to customers. These can be either small retail orders or large wholesale orders on an ongoing basis.

Calculation of financial indicators

The financial calculations of a farm depend on many factors: the scope of industries, the size and type of production, the equipment used and the initial capital. The approximate cost of starting a project for a herd of 40 animals will be 3 million rubles, which includes:

1. Acquisition of territory - 100,000 rubles.
2. Costs for Construction Materials- 120,000 rub.
3. Purchase of transport and equipment - RUB 1,000,000.
4. Purchase of young animals - 600,000 rubles.
5. Connection of communications - 100,000 rubles.
6. Purchase of feed for the first six months - 450,000 rubles.
7. Expenses for wages employees for the first six months - 300,000 rubles.
8. Insurance deductions(30%) - 90,000 rubles.
9. Other expenses - 200,000 rubles.

Entrepreneurs who have connected their business with farming can count on reducing the cost of government contributions due to the transition to a single agricultural tax.

According to experienced farmers, the main cost per year is feed (up to 40%). That is, by increasing start-up costs for the parallel development of crop production and creating your own source of feed, it is possible to achieve higher business profitability.

Having calculated the economic indicators of the project with the successful sale of products, we can talk about a profitability of 35% and a payback of the project in 3 years.

The opening of modern farms is an alternative to existing large-scale collective farms in terms of supplying agricultural products to cities.

This article will discuss the nuances of running such a business.

Pros and cons of business

This activity as a branch of business occupies one of the leading positions among types of entrepreneurial activity and has certain prospects in the future. This is explained by specific advantages - they are associated with the widespread passion for healthy eating and eating only natural products, which creates an increased demand for them among all consumer groups: from mothers with infants to pensioners.

Inexperienced entrepreneurs may think that opening a new farm is not only promising, but also more than simple. However, in practice, such an event is associated not only with the requirement of having experience in running a business in a similar field, but also with significant difficulties that may arise in the development of the economy.

Besides, this type business is associated with some risks that may arise during its development. These include:

• seasonality of activity;
• lack or instability of demand for products;
• high competition;
• reduction in income of potential consumers;
• increase in prices for supplies of raw materials and materials;
• increase in the cost of renting large agricultural equipment.

Therefore, to reduce the likelihood of these risks occurring, as well as to successfully develop a business, it is necessary to draw up a business plan. It will gradually plan activities for opening a farm, list ways to reduce risks, and also calculate and analyze the main economic indicators of the project - revenue, start-up capital and payback periods.

What is needed to open a farm?

The first thing to do when writing a business plan is it is necessary to decide on the direction of business development. Modern farms can operate in various directions, among which the following industries are the most popular:

• Breeding domestic animals and birds. The products of production in this case can be not only meat and offal, but also wool, skins, feathers, eggs, milk, etc.
• Growing agricultural crops (cereals, industrial crops, melons and others).
• Growing vegetables and fruits.
• Other activities, including beekeeping, fishing, mushroom cultivation, growing herbs and so on.

Most farms are created on the basis of existing households located in rural areas. This circumstance makes it possible to significantly reduce the size of the start-up investment for equipping the farm, since initially such formations were built taking into account the chosen direction of development.

In addition, many households have at their disposal (owned or leased) land developed for agricultural needs. By newly created farms, such lands can be used for growing crops or for developing pastures for grazing livestock.

When creating a farm, it must be registered, for which an organizational and legal form must be chosen.

Most often she is chosen peasant farm (peasant farm). Its features are the absence of the need for education legal entity, as well as the possibility of including all family members in the farm. In this case, it is necessary to elect the head of the farm, which can be any person from the family who has reached the age of majority.

Next, it is necessary to resolve taxation issues, for which the peasant farm must be registered with tax authorities. You should know that farms pay single agricultural tax.

An individual entrepreneur - the head of a peasant farm must be registered in Pension Fund, and also receive a letter from Rosstat about the assignment of statistics codes. In addition, the farm must have its own current account opened in the selected bank.

To open a farm, you need start-up capital. In this case, part of the funds can be borrowed from the bank. To do this, you need to provide a well-written business plan with transparent tracking of financial flows. It is advisable to contact banks or private financial institutions focused on issuing loans specifically to agricultural organizations, since other banks simply may not understand the peculiarities of organizing activities set out in the business plan.

Some farms may qualify for financial business support from the state, but only farms whose activities are included in the agro-industrial complex development program can benefit from such assistance.

Chicken breeding

Chicken meat is one of the most popular all over the world, not only due to its high taste characteristics, but also its lower cost compared to pork, beef and other types of meat. And we don’t even need to mention the popularity of chicken eggs, since they are included in almost all modern dishes. That is why raising chickens is a business that can generate stable, tangible income.

The most successful location for such a business is the territory of a country house, preferably owned by an entrepreneur. When opening a chicken breeding farm, you need to rely on the following key points in organizing this business:

1. Choosing a bird breed. According to modern classification, chicken breeds are divided into egg breeds (bred specifically for laying eggs), meat breeds (bred for the purpose of producing meat) and meat-egg breeds (bred for complex production of products).
   When choosing a specific breed, an entrepreneur should focus on the availability own experience and set goals. When choosing a specific breed, it is necessary to find out all the features of keeping birds, including such indicators as the air temperature in the chicken coop and the level of light.
2. Number of chickens kept on the farm. This indicator affects other conditions for organizing a business - the volume of feed purchases, the number of farm workers, the size of the chicken coop, the walking area, etc.
3. Chicken coop equipment. It is naive to believe that a chicken farm involves only building a chicken coop. Additionally, it must be equipped with various equipment and installations - feed trays, drinking bowls, air humidity meters, temperature meters, etc.
4. Careful monitoring of the birds' condition. Careful monitoring of chickens after purchase is required to prevent the risk of chickens falling. appearance, plumage condition, shedding level and beak pallor.
5. Bird walking. The place and time for walking chickens should be carefully thought out, and walking should mainly be carried out during the warm period of the year and daylight hours. Since chickens look for food for themselves while walking, it must be provided in the form of worms, feed and corn.

The estimated payback period for such a business is about 8 months, which characterizes the direction as highly profitable.

Pig farming

Pig breeding is one of the most profitable species commercial activities in the field of livestock farming. When doing business in this direction, special attention should be paid to the sale of pedigree young animals. In order for the initial investment to pay off, it is necessary to sell 2-3 generations of animals. The choice of feeding method for pigs (dry or liquid) depends on the preferences of the breeder himself.

The conditions of the premises in which animals will be kept also affect their healthy development. Building a building from scratch is quite expensive and unprofitable for starting a new business. Therefore, it is recommended to find an empty farm and then rent or buy it. After this, repairs must be made to the room, all the required networks must be connected - ventilation, electricity and water supply.

It should be remembered that the better the premises are equipped, and the entire process of raising animals is automated, the less it will be necessary to hire workers to monitor the maintenance of pigs. However, you simply cannot do without such vacancies as livestock technician, veterinarian, manager-administrator and accountant.

In this direction profitability is estimated at 25%, accordingly, starting investments can pay off in about 4-5 years.

Sheep breeding

Developing a business related to sheep farming has certain advantages. They consist not only of a stable income, but also of constant demand for farm products. At the same time, the products include not only meat, but also wool, as well as sheep’s cheese.

This direction has the advantage that a business can be started literally with the acquisition of a few heads, and in the future, as the farm develops and establishes operations, the number of animals can be increased.

It will be quite problematic to engage in sheep farming within the city limits, which is why the vast majority of such farms are located in rural areas. Another advantage is that any room, even unheated one, is suitable for keeping animals. It is necessary to purchase space for sheep walking taking into account the further increase in the number of sheep.

Despite the fact that the profitability of the sheep farming business is is only 10-15%, with a competent approach to business and drawing up a clearly structured business plan, the farm can pay for itself in 1-1.5 years.

Growing crops

Among the variety of activities, grain crops are rapidly gaining popularity. Moreover, not only traditional varieties (rye and wheat), but also modern cultures bred through selective selection.

According to the latest statistical data, the volume of harvested grain increases annually, which characterizes this area of ​​​​agricultural business as quite promising. An important advantage is the significant support from the state, which in many ways allows us to solve the problem of finding start-up capital.

However, it can be difficult for a newly created farm to grow agricultural crops in a developed competitive environment. That is why it is necessary to draw up a competent business plan that takes into account all the features of this activity.

When planning a business, you first need to decide on the specific grain crop that you intend to grow. Further planning of everything will be based on this choice. technological process, including aspects such as:

• features of soil cultivation;
• methods of sowing seeds;
• timing and technology of harvesting;
• types of fertilizers used;
• methods of protecting plants from harmful insects and diseases, etc.

Subject to a well-written business plan, rational use funds received from the state and full adherence to the planned plan in commercial activities, the business of growing grain crops is able to pay off in less than 18 months.

Growing vegetables/fruits

Opening an agricultural farm to grow vegetables or fruits also applies to promising directions business development due to the widespread passion for eating only natural products. And, since potential consumers do not fully trust the quality of agricultural products grown by state collective farms, the opening of private farms may well become promising business, bringing a stable income. Moreover, according to experts, prices for these products will only rise in the future, while demand will not only not decrease, but may even increase.

Like any other area of ​​business development, this activity requires drawing up a competent business plan that takes into account all the features and capabilities of the entrepreneur himself. The first step in the business plan should be to determine what kind of crop is supposed to be grown, taking into account the regional characteristics of the territory where the farm will be opened. That is, you need to decide which crops are suitable for growing in the climate of a particular region and which are not.

Also, one of two methods of growing vegetables/fruits must be chosen, namely growing in greenhouses or open ground. Methods must be selected to protect the crop from the unwanted effects of insects and crop diseases.

It should be remembered that automation of the growing process in a positive way affects farm productivity, thereby increasing business profitability.

When opening a farm to grow vegetables or fruits, you should remember to obtain quality certificates for your products, which has a positive effect on your success in finding distribution channels and forming regular customers for your products. With skillful business management, investments in opening a farm can pay off in less than a year.

Product markets

Establishing stable distribution channels for grown products is essential for successful farming. To search for channels, a preliminary analysis of the situation on the local market of agricultural products must be carried out. During this analysis, the development of business in a given region is assessed, the level of competition is determined and the level of demand for products is calculated.

At the same time, it is important to determine the directions for searching for sales channels, they can be:

• Organizations working in the catering sector - cafes, restaurants, canteens at factories and industrial enterprises, places Catering in educational, office and other organizations.
• Organizations directly involved in the food industry - meat and bakery plants, enterprises producing pasta and cereals, organizations producing confectionery products, etc.
• Wholesale and retail trade enterprises.

It should be remembered that one of the the most important conditions A successful search for distribution channels is the competitiveness of farm products, as well as an appropriate level of quality at reasonable prices.

If farm products meet the requirements, then they can be sold through independent sale in food markets (both retail and wholesale).

Costs and payback periods

The amount of costs associated with organizing a peasant farm largely depends on the initial conditions of the business. For example, if a peasant farm is created on the basis of an already existing household, then the size of the starting investment will be significantly smaller, since land and outbuildings will already be available.

A different situation arises if the farm is created from scratch. At the same time, the amount of starting capital may also differ depending on the chosen direction of business development, the cost of renting a plot, the price of purchasing animals or plants, and other things.

If we take average figures, then in total, opening a peasant farm will require approximately 5-6 million rubles.

The profitability of the business also depends on what direction the farm’s activities have been chosen. For example, if the farm is planned to be developed in the field of pig breeding, then the initial investment will pay off in approximately 4-5 years. If the peasant farm works in the direction of breeding chickens, then the business will begin to make a profit after 8 months due to the high demand for the products.

Thus, when planning to open a farm, first of all, it is necessary to determine the direction for its development, find out the features of farming in this area and draw up a structured business plan that defines the entire further organization business, taking into account the maximum reduction in the likelihood of risks.

Video about organizing farms

The video discusses the question of where to start a business in this direction: