Glinka Ruslan and Lyudmila aria titles. Opera Ruslan and Lyudmila. Parsing and analysis. Luxurious grand ducal gridnitsa in Kyiv. Wedding feast. Svetozar sits at the table, on both sides of him are Ruslan and Lyudmila, on the sides of the table are Ratmir and Farlaf. Guests and mu

Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka. Opera "Ruslan and Lyudmila"

The opera “Ruslan and Lyudmila” by M. I. Glinka was written based on the plot of the poem of the same name by A. S. Pushkin. In his poem, Pushkin sang of strong and courageous people, faithful and kind, he sang of honesty, justice and love.

Glinka’s opera has many features in common with Russian epics: the spirit of high patriotism, the majesty of the images, the combination real life with fairy-tale fiction.

There is a green oak near the Lukomorye;
Golden chain on the oak tree:
Both day and night the cat is a scientist
Everything goes round and round in a chain;
He goes to the right - the song starts,
To the left - he tells a fairy tale.

There are miracles there: a goblin wanders there,
The mermaid sits on the branches;
There on unknown paths
Traces of unseen animals...

Overture

Numerous guests gathered for the wedding feast in the luxurious mansions of the Kyiv prince Svetozar. The prince celebrates the wedding of his daughter, the young princess Lyudmila, and the glorious Russian hero Ruslan. At the table, among the many guests of honor are the Khazar prince Ratmir and the Varangian knight Farlaf. Their faces are gloomy. Like Ruslan, Ratmir and Farlaf sought the love of the beautiful Lyudmila, but were rejected. Lyudmila gave her heart to Ruslan.

Bayan's song "Things are long ago" days gone by…»

The attention of all guests is focused on the wonderful singer-storyteller - Bayan. He sings, accompanying himself on the harp. The golden strings fascinate listeners with their ringing sound.

Things of days gone by
Legends of deep antiquity!
About the glory of the Russian land,
Ring, golden strings,
Good things are followed by sorrows,
Sadness is the key to joy.
Belbog created nature together
And the gloomy Chernobog.

Lyudmila's Cavatina "Don't be angry, noble guest..."

Princess Lyudmila has a light and cheerful disposition. She is graceful and friendly. There can't be any gloomy faces at her wedding. Beauty with kind words turns to his rejected suitors, Farlaf and Ratmir, for consolation. Such brave knights as they are worthy of the most beautiful girls, and the future awaits them happy love and glory. This is exactly what Lyudmila convinces her offended fans of. But the heart of Lyudmila herself forever belongs to Ruslan. The hero conquered the young girl with his courage, bravery, strength of feeling, unshakable loyalty and kindness.

Lyudmila's kidnapping scene

The happy bride has no idea what difficult trials both she and the groom will have to endure. The insidious and powerful wizard, the evil dwarf Chernomor, was inflamed with passion for Lyudmila. The sorcerer and magician has complete control over the forces of nature and befuddles people. He can fly through the air, covering vast distances. All the strength of the little dwarf lies in his long beard.

Chernomor planned to kidnap Lyudmila and move her to his palace. In the midst of the wedding feast, darkness suddenly sets in. Thunderclaps are heard, and everyone present suddenly plunges into a strange stupor:

Thunder struck, light flashed in the fog,
The lamp goes out, the smoke runs out,
Everything around is dark, everything is trembling,
And Ruslan’s soul froze.

When everyone woke up from their strange stupor, they discovered that the beautiful young princess had disappeared without a trace. The father is grieved, Ruslan is in despair, and all the guests are confused. Prince Svetozar makes a decision: to dissolve the union of Lyudmila and Ruslan, since the groom did not save the bride. The one who finds Lyudmila and returns her to her father will marry her.

Ruslan, Farlaf, and Ratmir set out in pursuit of Lyudmila’s insidious kidnapper. Farlaf and Ratmir cannot hide their joy - the hope of taking Lyudmila away from both the kidnapper and Ruslan has once again settled in their souls. The rivalry between the suitors flared up with renewed vigor.

Finn's Ballad "Welcome My Son..."

Ruslan, overcome with despair and doubt, sets out in search of his bride. Who will come to his aid? Who will give wise advice, who will support him, who will strengthen his faith in his own strength?

Pushing the copper helmet over his eyebrows,
Leaving the reins from powerful hands,
You're walking between the fields,
And slowly in your soul
Hope dies, faith fades.

Even as a young shepherd, Finn fell in love with the unapproachable, proud beauty Naina. He confessed his love to her, but was rejected. “Shepherd, I don’t love you,” he heard in response. Finn goes hiking in distant countries to win military glory through exploits. After heroic deeds, Finn returns to Naina, laying the spoils at her feet. “Hero, I don’t love you,” he hears again from the beautiful Naina.

Once again rejected by his chosen one, Finn goes to the gray-haired sorcerers to learn the secrets of magic from them. He masters the powers of love spells. The happiness of love seems to finally come true. But Finn sees in front of him a decrepit, gray-haired old woman - during the time he spent with the sorcerers, Naina managed to grow old. In horror, Finn rushed away from the ugly old woman, in whose chest he had lit the fire of love. The offended Naina harbored a grudge in her soul, dreaming of revenge on the infidel - after all, she also knows the secrets of witchcraft.

Finn promises Ruslan support, protection and help. He encourages his young friend - Lyudmila loves Ruslan and will remain faithful to him. But difficult trials await him. He will have to fight Lyudmila's kidnapper, the dwarf Chernomor, and overcome the spell of the evil sorceress Naina - after all, Naina, harboring a grudge against Finn in her heart, will try in every possible way to interfere with Ruslan in his search for Lyudmila.

Rondo Farlafa “The hour of my triumph is near...”

What about Farlaf? Not distinguished by courage and nobility, the boastful would-be groom hid in a ditch. He was frightened by the approach of some decrepit old woman. But the fears are in vain. The old woman - and this is the sorceress Naina - quickly persuades the hero to wait out the dangerous times. Let Ruslan himself rescue the beautiful princess from captivity, and then Naina will help Farlaf snatch the precious booty from the hands of the hero.

Farlaf triumphs in advance. He could never have dreamed of such a thing. Without effort, win the glory of the princess's liberator, push aside the hated Ruslan, without risking anything.

Ruslan on the dead field “Oh, field, field...”

Meanwhile, Ruslan continues on his way. He came across a field strewn with bones. Many brave warriors laid their heads here. Is Ruslan destined to die here too? But the hero drives away gloomy thoughts and turns to the God of War with a request: “Ah, Perun, a damask sword suits my hand.”

And in the distance a huge hill darkens in front of him. But what is it? The hill is alive! He's breathing!

Suddenly a hill, a cloudless moon
Palely illuminated in the fog,
It becomes clearer; looks brave prince -
And he sees a miracle before him.
Will I find colors and words?
There is a living head in front of him.

Ruslan's fight with the Head was brutal. Having inflated its cheeks, the monster knocked both horse and rider off their feet. The head teased its opponent by sticking out its huge tongue. But Ruslan caught the moment and stuck a spear into his tongue. The outcome of the fight was decided. The mortally wounded Head told Ruslan her sad story. He, an invincible giant, was treacherously beheaded by his own brother, the evil wizard Chernomor. The wonderful sword, which was guarded by the Head, grants Ruslan victory over the dwarf, all of whose witchcraft power lies in his huge beard.

Ruslan believes in his victory over the forces of evil:

Oh, Lyudmila, Lel promised me joy.
The heart believes that bad weather will pass...

Persian choir “Gloom lies in the field...”

Naina, trying to stop Ruslan and Finn, uses all her charms. She lures Ruslan's rival, the Khazar prince Ratmir, to a witch's castle where magical maidens live. With their wonderful singing, the maidens invite the brave Ruslan to join them:

The darkness of night falls in the field,
A cold wind rose from the waves;
It's too late, young traveler!
Take refuge in our gratifying tower!

Tired travelers are enchanted by the beauty of young maidens. It seems that they are ready to stay in this castle forever, forgetting about poor Lyudmila. Did Naina's charms prevail over the power of Finn, who promised Ruslan his support? Has Finn forgotten his promise?

But no, evil will not do well. The appearance of the good wizard Finn in the wonderful castle breaks Naina's spell. The heroes woke up from their dope. Ratmir returns to the arms of Gorislava, the girl he once loved and left. Now he appreciated her loyalty and strength of feelings. Ruslan continues the search for Chernomor. He will take revenge on his offender and free Lyudmila.

March of Chernomor

And Lyudmila, who was carried away by an unknown force, woke up in rich chambers. She walks through beautiful gardens. She is served by girls who remain silent and fulfill her every desire. She eats delicious dishes, enjoys the beauty of wonderful reservoirs and luxurious plants. But nothing can dispel her longing for home and her lover, or dispel anxiety. Who is her kidnapper? This question torments her day and night.

One night the door to her chambers opened, and a strange, amazing procession appeared before her eyes:

Instantly the door opened;
Silently, proudly speaking,
Flashing naked sabers,
Arapov is walking in a long line
In pairs, as decorously as possible,
And be careful on the pillows
He bears a gray beard;
And he follows her with importance,
Raising his neck majestically,
The hunchbacked dwarf from the door...
The princess jumped out of bed,
Gray-haired Karl for his cap
With a quick hand I grabbed it,
Trembling raised fist
And she screamed in fear,
That stunned all the Arabs...
Arapov's black swarm is restless;
They make noise, push, run,
They grab the sorcerer
And out they go to unravel,
Leaving Lyudmila's hat.

In such difficult situation Lyudmila shows strength of character. It is not fear or timidity that controls her. The maiden's honor is affected, and the princess is filled with anger. She would rather die than submit to someone else's will. The dwarf is pathetic and funny to her. All charms are powerless before her. Her love cannot be bought by luxury, threats, or magic.

Mad wizard!
I am the daughter of Svetozar,
I am the pride of Kyiv!
Not the spell of magic
Maiden's heart
Conquered forever
But the knight's eyes
Set my soul on fire...

“Oh, you are light, Lyudmila!”

And now Ruslan has finally reached the possessions of Chernomor and challenges the dwarf to battle. The hero soared to the very heavens, grabbing the kidnapper by the beard with his powerful hand. The villain became weak, asked for mercy, and descended from heaven to earth. It was then that Ruslan cut off his beard. The brave knight rushed to look for the princess - she was nowhere to be found! Ruslan, crushed by grief, rushed all over the garden and soon discovered his beloved, immersed in a magical sleep.

And so Ruslan went with the sleeping princess to Kyiv. But the trials did not end there. Naina's threats come true - the treacherous Farlaf kills his sleeping rival. In Kyiv, the cowardly deceiver is celebrated as a winner. But the father's grief does not subside. Nothing can awaken Lyudmila. Day and night, diligent mothers and nannies sing songs to Lyudmila. But it's all in vain!

The princess does not wake up.

“Glory to the great gods!”

Is no one really able to save Ruslan and restore justice? Will evil really triumph over good? What about Finn? Or is he also powerless? But no! Finn brings Ruslan back to life with the help of living and dead water. He gives the hero a magic ring - it will awaken Lyudmila from her sleep.

And here is Ruslan in Kyiv. Sorrowful songs are still sung over Lyudmila. The father, distraught with grief, does not leave his daughter. Ruslan rushes to Lyudmila, touches her with a magic ring - and, lo and behold! The princess is waking up!

All misfortunes, all trials are behind us. The grand wedding feast resumes. Glory to the great gods! After all, it was they who helped the young lovers overcome all troubles!

Glory to the great gods!
Glory to the holy fatherland!
Glory to Ruslan and the princess!

Presentation

Included:
1. Presentation, ppsx;
2. Sounds of music:
Glinka. Opera "Ruslan and Lyudmila":
01. Overture, mp3;
02. Bayan’s song “Affairs of bygone days” (French), mp3;
03. Lyudmila’s Cavatina “Don’t be angry, noble guest” (French), mp3;
04. Scene of Lyudmila's kidnapping (French), mp3;
05. Finn's ballad "Welcome my son" (French), mp3;
06. Rondo Farlafa “The hour of my triumph is near”, mp3;
07. Ruslan’s aria “Oh, field, field” (fr.), mp3;
08. Persian choir “Gloom lies in the field”, mp3;
09. March of Chernomor, mp3;
10. Choir “Oh, you are light, Lyudmila”, mp3;
11. Choir “Glory to the Great Gods”, mp3;
3. Accompanying article, docx.

The work uses unique illustrations of Palekh boxes.

« Ruslan and Lyudmila" - an epic opera in five acts. Composer - .Libretto by the author in collaboration with Valerian Fedorovich Shirkov, Konstantin Aleksandrovich Bakhturin, Nikolai Andreevich Markevich, Nestor Vasilyevich Kukolnik and Alexander Mikhailovich Gedeonov. The premiere took place on November 27, 1842 on stage in St. Petersburg. The plot is based on the poem of the same name by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. The action takes place in Ancient Rus' in Kyiv and fabulous places. On the knight's wedding day Ruslana and the prince's daughter Lyudmila the bride disappears. Tsar Svetozar promises half the kingdom to the one who returns his only beloved daughter. Three knights - Ruslan, Farlaf and Ratmir go on a search (each of them is in love with Lyudmila). A series of adventures in fairy tale worlds led Ratmir to death, Farlaf to meanness and expulsion from the kingdom, and Ruslan to his wife Lyudmila. Having awakened his beloved from sleep with a kiss and a magic ring, Ruslan regains his desired wife and the glory of a good warrior.

History of creation

Mikhail Ivanovich wrote the first excerpts of the opera in 1837 and worked on the work for 5 years. He knew that Pushkin wanted to redo some passages of the poem, but the premature death of Alexander Sergeevich forced Glinka to turn to other poets. There are many rumors surrounding the history of the libretto. Some say that the composer behaved carelessly and thoughtlessly, while others, on the contrary, note the painstaking work and dedication in creating the text. The reason for this was the stories of Glinka himself. One evening the composer enthusiastically played musical sketches from “ Ruslana and Lyudmila"in the company of Nestor Vasilievich Kukolnik and Konstantin Aleksandrovich Bakhturin. Bakhturin, inspired by the idea of ​​an opera, wrote a plan for the future opera in just half an hour and “drunk.” And, imagine, the libretto was drawn up based on that note! Glinka did a great job, working out the libretto in every detail, paying attention to both the main line and the smallest details. This is evidenced by the composer’s manuscripts and notes that have survived to this day. The libretto was written preserving the poems of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, but with changes in some characters and adjustments to the storyline.

The premiere of “Ruslan and Lyudmila” was greeted rather coolly, and royal family and left the performance completely without waiting for it to end. Despite this, the opera had 32 performances in St. Petersburg, and then exactly the same number in Paris. The success of the opera was gradual, from performance to performance the audience applauded more and more, perhaps this is due to the fact that more and more democratic public began to attend opera performances. The opera is still staged today both on the domestic stage and abroad.

The opera celebrates nobility, loyalty and heroism, and condemns meanness and cowardice. The work is permeated with the opposition of light and darkness. Many colorful characters show the diversity of life in all its glory. The courageous knight Ruslan saves his beautiful wife Lyudmila... Other important characters also add rich colors to the opera: the inspiring Bayan, the passionate Ratmir and the coward Farlaf, the wise Finn, the evil Naina and the cruel sorcerer Chernomor. Monumental images are close in spirit to every listener, because the opera glorifies true values a real person.

In defense artistic value the opera was performed by V.F. Odoevsky: “Almost all music was combined in the opera: Eastern and Western, Russian and Italian, German, Finnish, Tatar, Caucasian, Persian, Arabic - and all this forms an artistic, truly pictorial whole...”

Fun facts:

• The opera premiered on the six-year anniversary of Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka's first opera "" (on the same stage and on the same date).
• The original copy of the score has not survived. The only complete manuscript was burned in a fire in 1859. Nikolai Andreevich, Mily Alekseevich Balakirev and Anatoly Konstantinovich Lyadov worked on the restoration of the opera.
• The costumes for the opera were created according to the instructions of Karl Bryullov
• At one of the rehearsals, Glinka himself performed Finn’s ballad instead of the ill performer of this part, Leonov.
• The music of the opera was warmly received by F. Liszt, who at concerts happily played his own arrangement of the Chernomor march

History of creation

Even during Pushkin’s lifetime, Glinka conceived an opera based on his youthful poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila” (1820). Great poet became interested in this idea and even took part in discussing the plan for the future opera. However, the tragic death of Pushkin accepted the emerging commonwealth. The original plan for the opera was drawn up by the minor poet and playwright K. A. Bakhturin (1809-1841), about which Glinka’s sad exclamation is known: Bakhturin instead of Pushkin! How did this happen? “I don’t understand it myself.” The final text was written by the poet and music lover, a friend of the composer V. F. Shirkov (1805-1856), with the active participation of Glinka. His other friends were also involved in the creation of the libretto to one degree or another - the writer N.V. Kukolnik (1809-1868), the ethnographer and historian N.A. Markevich (1804-1860) and the son of the director of the imperial theaters, the dramatic censor M.A. . Gedeonov (1814 - late 1850s).
The text of the opera has been significantly changed in comparison with the original source. Youthful lightness, mischief, irony gave way to an epic beginning, the lyrics became deeper and more sublime. Some adjustments have been made to the plot: Ruslan has two, not three, rivals in the libretto, Ratmir and Farlaf, and the Khazar prince becomes Ruslan’s disinterested assistant, since his love was returned to himself by the beautiful captive Gorislava (Pushkin does not have it). Special role acquires the image of the prophetic Bayan, briefly mentioned by the poet.
Work on the opera's music took place over several years. The most intensively - in 1837, when Act I was almost completely completed and presented to the theater directorate. The following summer, on the Kachenovka estate in Ukraine, a Persian choir, Chernomor's march and Finn's ballad, composed there, were performed. In 1838, a number of numbers were written, including Gorislava’s cavatina, and in the spring of 1839, Lyudmila’s cavatina from Act I. In the summer of 1840, Ruslan’s majestic introduction and aria “O Field, Field” appeared in three weeks. The entire score of the opera was completed in April 1842. The premiere took place on November 27 (December 9), 1842 in St. Petersburg, at the Bolshoi Theater (as it was then called Mariinsky Theater).

Plot

Prince of Kyiv Svetozar celebrates the wedding of his daughter Lyudmila and the glorious knight Ruslan. Among the guests are Ruslan’s unlucky rivals, the Khazar prince Ratmir and the Varangian knight Farlaf. The prophetic singer Bayan sings about the heroic past, then his thought turns to the newlyweds: harsh days await them. Lyudmila swears her love to her chosen one - this is the guarantee of her happiness with Ruslan. Bayan sings another song - about the great singer who will preserve the story of Lyudmila and Ruslan for posterity. Suddenly thunderclaps are heard and darkness falls. When it dissipates, the young princess is not among the feasters. Svetozar calls on the knights to find her missing daughter and promises to give her to the savior as his wife.
The Ruslan road leads to the north. He comes to the cave of Finn, a wise old man who reveals to him the name of Lyudmila’s kidnapper. This is an evil wizard, Karla Chernomor, into whose domain no one has ever managed to penetrate. But the glorious knight will be able to defeat the villain. He just needs to beware of the machinations of the insidious sorceress Naina, who takes revenge on everyone whom Finn helps.
Farlaf also decided to try his luck. But he was tired of the dangerous path. He trembles with fear at every sound. He is also frightened by the decrepit old woman who comes his way. This is Naina. She calms the cowardly knight: the sorceress will help defeat Ruslan and take possession of Lyudmila. Overjoyed, Farlaf promises to obey the old woman in everything.
Ruslan finds himself on a battlefield strewn with the bones of fallen soldiers. In the middle of the field is a huge Head, which begins to blow on the knight with terrible force. Overcoming the rising wind, Ruslan hits the Head with a spear. Staggering, she reveals the hidden magic sword. Only they can defeat Chernomor, the cunning and evil brother of the Head, who cut it down.
The next test is Naina's magical castle. Sweet-voiced maidens beckon travelers to relax and lose themselves in their arms. Both Ruslan and Ratmir succumb to their charms, whom Gorislava, who had abandoned him and came here in search of him, begs in vain to remember his former love. Finn's appearance dispels Naina's magic. The knights continue their difficult path.
Lyudmila is grieving in captivity. The magical gardens of Chernomor do not please her eyes. Postyly dances magical maidens and gifts sent by the treacherous ruler. He himself appears - a dwarf with a huge beard, carried on pillows by little blacks.The sound of a battle horn announces the appearance of Ruslan, who challenges Lyudmila's kidnapper to a mortal battle.

Characters:

HISTORY OF CREATION

“The first thought about Ruslan and Lyudmila was given to me by our famous comedian Shakhovsky... At one of Zhukovsky’s evenings, Pushkin, speaking about his poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila,” said that he would change a lot; I wanted to find out from him exactly what alterations he intended to make, but his premature death did not allow me to fulfill this intention.” This describes the origins of the idea for the opera “Ruslan and Lyudmila”. The composer began working on the opera in 1837, without yet having a finished libretto. Because of Pushkin's death, he was forced to turn to minor poets and amateurs from among his friends and acquaintances. Among them were N.V. Kukolnik (1809-1868), V.F. Shirkov (1805-1856), N.A. Markevich (1804-1860) and others.

The text of the opera includes some fragments of the poem, but in general it was written anew. and his librettists made a number of changes to the cast of characters. Some characters disappeared (Rogdai), others appeared (Gorislava); have undergone some modifications and storylines poems.

The concept of the opera differs significantly from the literary source. Pushkin's brilliant youth poem (1820), based on the themes of the Russian fairy-tale epic, is characterized by features of light irony and a playful attitude towards the heroes. I resolutely rejected this interpretation of the plot. He created a work of epic proportions, full of great thoughts and broad life generalizations.

The opera glorifies heroism, nobility of feelings, fidelity in love, ridicules cowardice, condemns treachery, malice and cruelty. Throughout the entire work, the composer conveys the idea of ​​the victory of light over darkness, the triumph of life. Traditional fairy tale plot with exploits, fantasy, magical transformations was used to show diverse characters, complex relationships between people, creating a whole gallery human types. Among them are the chivalrously noble and courageous Ruslan, the gentle Lyudmila, the inspired Bayan, the ardent Ratmir, the faithful Gorislava, the cowardly Farlaf, the kind Finn, the treacherous Naina, and the cruel Chernomor.

The opera was written over five years with long breaks: it was completed in 1842. The premiere took place on November 27 (December 9) of the same year on stage Bolshoi Theater in St. Petersburg.

PLOT

The high mansions of the Grand Duke of Kyiv Svetozar are full of guests. The prince celebrates the wedding of his daughter Lyudmila with the knight Ruslan. The Prophetic Bayan sings a song about the glory of the Russian land, about bold campaigns. He predicts the fate of Ruslan and Lyudmila: hanging over the heroes mortal danger, they are destined for separation and difficult trials. Ruslan and Lyudmila swear to each other eternal love. Ratmir and Farlaf, jealous of Ruslan, secretly rejoice at the prediction. However, Bayan reassures everyone: invisible forces will protect the lovers and unite them. The guests praise the newlyweds. The tunes of Bayan sound again. This time he predicts the birth of a great singer who will save the story of Ruslan and Lyudmila from oblivion. In the midst of the wedding revelry, a clap of thunder is heard and everything is plunged into darkness. The darkness dissipates, but Lyudmila is gone: she has been kidnapped. Svetozar promises his daughter's hand and half the kingdom to the one who saves the princess. Ruslan, Ratmir and Farlaf go on a search.

In the far northern region, where Ruslan’s wanderings led him, lives the good wizard Finn. He predicts the knight's victory over Chernomor, who kidnapped Lyudmila. At Ruslan's request, Finn tells his story. Poor shepherd, he fell in love with the beautiful Naina, but she rejected his love. Neither his exploits nor the wealth obtained in bold raids could win the heart of the proud beauty. And only with the help of magical spells did Finn inspire Naina to love himself, but in the meantime Naina became a decrepit old woman. Rejected by the wizard, now she is pursuing him. Finn warns Ruslan against the machinations of the evil sorceress. Ruslan continues on his way.

Looking for Lyudmila and Farlaf. But everything that comes along the way frightens the cowardly prince. Suddenly a scary old woman appears in front of him. This is Naina. She wants to help Farlaf and thereby take revenge on Finn, who protects Ruslan. Farlaf is triumphant: the day is near when he will save Lyudmila and become the owner of the Principality of Kyiv.

Ruslan's search leads him to an ominous deserted place. He sees a field littered with the bones of fallen soldiers and weapons. The fog clears, and the outlines of a huge Head appear in front of Ruslan. It begins to blow towards the knight, and a storm arises. But, struck by Ruslan’s spear, the Head rolls away, and a sword is discovered under it. The head tells Ruslan the story of two brothers - the giant and the dwarf Chernomor. The dwarf overcame his brother by cunning and, cutting off his head, forced it to guard the magic sword. Giving the sword to Ruslan, the Head asks for revenge on the evil Chernomor.

Naina's Magic Castle. The maidens, subservient to the witch, invite travelers to take refuge in the castle. Ratmir’s beloved Gorislava is also grieving here. Ratmir, who appears, does not notice her. Ruslan also ends up in Naina’s castle: he is fascinated by the beauty of Gorislava. The Knights are saved by Finn, who breaks Naina's evil spell. Ratmir, returned to Gorislava, and Ruslan set off again in search of Lyudmila.

Lyudmila languishes in the gardens of Chernomor. Nothing pleases the princess. She yearns for Kyiv, for Ruslan, and is ready to commit suicide. An invisible chorus of servants persuades her to submit to the power of the sorcerer. But their speeches only provoke the anger of the proud daughter of Svetozar. The sounds of a march herald the approach of Chernomor. Slaves bring in a dwarf with a huge beard on a stretcher. The dancing begins. Suddenly the sound of a horn is heard. It is Ruslan who challenges Chernomor to a duel. Having plunged Lyudmila into a magical sleep, Chernomor leaves. In battle, Ruslan cuts off Chernomor's beard, depriving him of his miraculous power. But he cannot awaken Lyudmila from her magical sleep.

Ruslan's camp was set up in the valley. Night. Ratmir guards the sleep of his friends. The frightened slaves of Chernomor, whom Ruslan freed from the power of the evil wizard, run in. They report that Lyudmila was kidnapped again by an invisible force, followed by Ruslan.

Farlaf, having kidnapped the princess with the help of Naina, brought her to Kyiv, but no one is able to awaken Lyudmila. Svetozar mourns his daughter. Suddenly Ruslan appears. With Finn's magic ring he awakens the princess. Jubilant Kiev residents glorify the brave knight and glorify their homeland.

MUSIC

"Ruslan and Lyudmila" is an epic opera. Monumental images of Kievan Rus, legendary figures of the Grand Duke Svetozar, the hero Ruslan, the prophetic folk singer The accordion takes the listener to a setting of deep antiquity, giving rise to an idea of ​​beauty and greatness folk life. Significant place The opera is occupied by fantastic pictures of the kingdom of Chernomor, the castle of Naina, the music of which is endowed with an oriental flavor. The main conflict - the clash between the forces of good and evil - is reflected in the music of the opera thanks to the relief opposition musical characteristics actors. Vocal parts goodies, folk scenes are full of songs. Negative characters are either deprived vocal characteristics(Chernomor), or depicted using a recitative “talk” (Naina). The epic style is emphasized by the abundance of choral crowd scenes and leisurely, as in an epic narrative, development of action.

The idea of ​​the work - the triumph of the bright forces of life - is revealed already in the overture, which uses the jubilant music of the opera's finale. In the middle section of the overture, mysterious, fantastic sounds arise.

The first act impresses with the breadth and monumentality of its musical execution. The act opens with an introduction, including a number of numbers. Bayan’s song “Affairs of Bygone Days,” accompanied by the plucking of harps imitating harps, is kept in a measured rhythm and is full of majestic calm. Bayan’s second song “There is a desert land” has a lyrical character. The introduction ends with a powerful cheerful choir “To the Bright Prince, health and glory.” Lyudmila’s cavatina “I’m sad, dear parent” - a developed scene with a choir - reflects the different moods of a girl, playful and graceful, but capable of great things sincere feeling. The choir “Mysterious, Delightful Lel” resurrects the spirit of ancient pagan songs. The kidnapping scene begins with sharp orchestral chords; the music takes on a fantastic, gloomy flavor, which is preserved in the canon “What wonderful moment”, conveying the state of numbness that has gripped everyone. The act is crowned by a quartet with a choir “O knights, quickly into the open field”, full of courageous determination.

The second act, consisting of three scenes, begins with a symphonic introduction, depicting a harsh, mysterious northern landscape, enveloped in wary silence.

In the first picture, Finn's ballad takes center stage; her music creates a noble image, full of deep humanity and moral beauty.

The second picture is opposite in nature to the first. Naina's appearance is outlined by the prickly rhythms of short orchestral phrases and cold instrumental timbres. An apt comic portrait of a jubilant coward is captured in Farlaf’s rondo “The hour of my triumph is near.”

In the center of the third picture is Ruslan’s aria, magnificent in music; her slow introduction “O field, field, who strewn you with dead bones” conveys a mood of deep, concentrated meditation; second section, in quick energetic movement, endowed with heroic features.

The third act is the most diverse in terms of colorfulness and picturesque music. Alternating choirs, dances, and solo numbers depict the setting of Naina’s magical castle. The flexible melody of the Persian choir “The darkness of the night lies in the field” sounds enchantingly seductive. Gorislava's Cavatina "Love's Luxurious Star" is full of hot, passionate feeling. Ratmir’s aria “And the heat and heat replaced the night with a shadow” is marked with a pronounced oriental flavor: the whimsical melody of the slow section and the flexible waltz-like rhythm of the fast section outline the ardent nature of the Khazar knight.

The fourth act is distinguished by its lush decorativeness and the brightness of unexpected contrasts. Lyudmila’s aria “Oh, your share, share” is an extended monologue scene; deep sadness turns into determination, indignation and protest. Chernomor's march paints a picture of a bizarre procession; the angular melody, the piercing sounds of trumpets, and the flickering sounds of bells create a grotesque image of an evil sorcerer. The march is followed oriental dancing: Turkish - smooth and languid, Arabic - agile and courageous; The dance suite concludes with a fiery, whirlwind lezginka.

The fifth act contains two scenes. In the center of the first is Ratmir’s romance, “She is my life, she is my joy,” imbued with bliss and passion.

The second scene is the finale of the opera. The harsh, sorrowful chorus “Oh, you, light-Lyudmila” is close to folk lamentations. The second move, “The bird will not wake up in the morning,” is also colored with sadness, interrupted by Svetozar’s mournful remarks. The music of the awakening scene is filled with morning freshness, the poetry of blossoming life; Ruslan sings a melody full of lively, tremulous feeling (“Joy, clear happiness”); Lyudmila joins him, and then the rest of the participants and the choir. The final chorus (“Glory to the Great Gods”) sounds jubilant, light and cheerful (overture music).

1 A. A. Shakhovsky (1777-1846) - playwright, author of many vaudevilles and comedies.

2 Bayan's second song, not directly related to the plot, is a kind of musical dedication to Pushkin.

Ruslan and Lyudmila (Glinka)

"Ruslan and Lyudmila"- opera by Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka (in 5 acts). Libretto by Valerian Shirkov, Konstantin Bakhturin and Mikhail Glinka based on the poem of the same name by Alexander Pushkin.

History of creation

“The first thought about Ruslan and Lyudmila was given to me by our famous comedian Shakhovsky... At one of Zhukovsky’s evenings, Pushkin, speaking about his poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila,” said that he would change a lot; I wanted to find out from him exactly what alterations he intended to make, but his premature death did not allow me to fulfill this intention,” this is how Glinka describes the origin of the idea for the opera “Ruslan and Lyudmila.” The composer began working on the opera in 1837, without yet having a finished libretto. Because of Pushkin's death, he was forced to turn to minor poets and amateurs from among his friends and acquaintances; among them were Nestor Kukolnik (1809-1868), Valerian Shirkov (1805-1856), Nikolai Markevich (1804-1860) and others.

The text of the opera includes some fragments of the poem, but in general it was written anew. Glinka and the librettists made a number of changes to the cast of characters. Some characters disappeared (Rogdai), others appeared (Gorislava); The plot lines of the poem also underwent some alteration.

The concept of the opera differs significantly from the literary source. Pushkin’s brilliant youth poem (1820), based on the themes of the Russian fairy tale epic, has the features slight irony, a humorous attitude towards the characters. Glinka refused this interpretation of the plot. He created a work of epic proportions, full of great thoughts and broad life generalizations. The opera glorifies heroism, nobility of feelings, fidelity in love, ridicules cowardice, and condemns treachery, malice, and cruelty. Throughout the entire work, the composer conveys the idea of ​​the victory of light over darkness, the triumph of life. Glinka used the traditional fairy-tale plot with exploits, fantasy, and magical transformations to show a variety of characters and complex relationships between people, creating a gallery of human types. Among them are the knightly noble and courageous Ruslan, the gentle Lyudmila, the inspired Bayan, the ardent Ratmir, the faithful Gorislava, the cowardly Farlaf, the wise Finn, the treacherous Naina, and the cruel Chernomor.

The opera was written by Glinka over five years with long breaks: it was completed in 1842. The premiere took place on November 27 (December 9) of the same 1842 on stage in St. Petersburg (See Belcanto.Ru, authors V. Pankratov, L. Polyakova).

Characters

• Svetozar, Grand Duke of Kyiv, bass.
• Lyudmila, his daughter, is a soprano.
• Ruslan, the knight, Lyudmila's fiancé, is a baritone.
• Farlaf, Varangian knight, bass.
• Gorislava, captive of Ratmir, is a soprano.
• Finn, the good wizard, is a tenor.
• Bayan, narrator, tenor.
• Naina, the evil sorceress - mezzo-soprano.
• Chernomor, a dwarf, an evil wizard, is a role without words.

The sons of Svetozar, knights, boyars and boyars, hay girls, nannies and mothers, youths, gridni, chashniks, stolniks, squad and people; maidens of the magic castle, araps, dwarfs, slaves of Chernomor, nymphs and undines. The action takes place during the time of Kievan Rus.

Libretto

Action 1

Svetozar, the Grand Duke of Kiev, throws a feast in honor of his daughter Lyudmila. The contenders for Lyudmila's hand - the knights Ruslan, Ratmir and Farlaf - surround the beautiful princess. Lyudmila offers her hand to Ruslan. The prince approves of his daughter's choice, and the feast turns into a wedding celebration. Bayan in his songs predicts the misfortune that threatens the young couple, but he also sings that the love of Ruslan and Lyudmila will be sung by the poet of the north. The people wish happiness to the young couple. Suddenly a terrible thunder shakes the mansions. When everyone comes to their senses, it turns out that Lyudmila has disappeared. Svetozar, in desperation, promises Lyudmila’s hand to the one who returns the disappeared princess.

Act 2

Picture 1. Ruslan in the hut of the wizard Finn. Here the young knight learns that his bride is in the power of the evil dwarf Chernomor. Finn talks about his love for the arrogant beauty Naina and how he tried to ignite her love for himself with charms. But he fled in fear from his beloved, who by that time had grown old and become a witch. Naina's love has turned into great anger, and now she will take revenge on all lovers.
Picture 2. Farlaf is also trying to pick up Lyudmila's trail. His ally, the sorceress Naina, advises him not to do anything other than follow Ruslan, who will certainly find Lyudmila, and then Farlaf will only have to kill him and take possession of the defenseless girl.
Picture 3. Meanwhile, Ruslan is already far away. The horse brings him to an enchanted field strewn with dead bones. A huge head - Chernomor's victim - mocks Ruslan, and he strikes her. A magic sword appears, the head dies, but manages to tell a secret: only with this sword can one cut off Chernomor’s beard and deprive him of his magical powers.

Act 3

Palace of the sorceress Naina. She promised Farlaf to rid him of his rivals. Her enchantresses lured Ratmir to her and do not let him go, depriving him of his will, seducing him with songs, dances and their beauty. Then Naina has to kill him. The same fate awaits Ruslan. Her captive Gorislava, who left her harem in search of Ratmir, tries in vain to thwart Naina’s charms. But Finn appears and frees the heroes. They all go north together.

Act 4

In the Chernomor Palace, Lyudmila is entertained with music and dancing. It's all in vain! The princess thinks only about her beloved Ruslan.

But then the battle horn sounds: Ruslan in front of the Chernomor Palace! Chernomor plunges Lyudmila into deep sleep, and then accepts Ruslan’s challenge to a mortal fight. With a magic sword, Ruslan cuts off the dwarf's beard, which contained his power. Ruslan defeats Chernomor and hurries to Lyudmila. But the princess does not feel Ruslan’s embrace, she is sleeping in a deep sleep...

Action 5

In the Svetozar Palace in Kyiv they mourn the beautiful Lyudmila, whom no one can wake up. But magic can only be defeated by magic. Ruslan's friend and assistant, the wizard Finn, frees Lyudmila from the spell of the evil Chernomor. Lyudmila wakes up and, to the rejoicing of everyone present, falls into Ruslan’s arms.

Famous historical audio recordings

• Mark Reisen, Valeria Barsova, Elizaveta Antonova, Vasily Lubentsov, S. Khromchenko, Nikandr Khanaev, Elena Slivinskaya, Lyubov Stavrovskaya. Bolshoi Theater Choir and Orchestra, conductor Samuil Samosud. .

• Ivan Petrov, Vera Firsova, Evgenia Verbitskaya, Alexey Krivchenya, Sergey Lemeshev, Georgy Nelepp, Vladimir Gavryushov, Nina Pokrovskaya. Bolshoi Theater Choir and Orchestra, conductor Kirill Kondrashin. .

• Evgeny Nesterenko, B. Rudenko, Tamara Sinyavskaya, Boris Morozov, Alexander Arkhipov, Alexey Maslennikov, N. Fomina, Valery Yaroslavtsev, Galina Borisova. Bolshoi Theater Choir and Orchestra, conductor Yuri Simonov. . mp3

Footnotes

Links

• Summary (synopsis) of the opera “Ruslan and Lyudmila” on the “100 Operas” website
• Alexander Vedernikov: “Farlaf’s Rondo is actually 69 bars longer”

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