Mamin-Sibiryak Dmitry Narkisovich- Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin Sibiryak. MAMIN SIBIRYAK (real name Mamin) Dmitry Narkisovich (1852 1912), Russian writer. In the novels “Privalov’s Millions” (1883), “Mountain Nest” (1884), “Gold” (1892) there are pictures of mining life in the Urals and... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
- (1852 1912), writer. In 1872 76 he studied at the veterinary faculty of the Moscow Art Academy, in 1876 77 at the law faculty of the university. At the same time, he was engaged in reporting work and published his first stories in St. Petersburg magazines. Life of literature... ... St. Petersburg (encyclopedia)
Real name Mamin (1852 1912), Russian writer. One of the founders of the so-called sociological novel: “Privalov’s Millions” (1883), “Mountain Nest” (1884), “Gold” (1892), where he depicts, often satirically, the mining industry... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary
Mamin Sibiryak (pseudonym; real name Mamin) Dmitry Narkisovich, Russian writer. Born into a priest's family. Studied in Perm... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
MAMIN SIBIRYAK (real name Mamin) Dmitry Narkisovich (1852 1912) Russian writer. The novels Privalov's Millions (1883), Mountain Nest (1884), Gold (1892) realistically depict the mining life of the Urals and Siberia in the 2nd half. 19 at... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
MAMIN-SIBIRYAK Dmitry Narkisovich- MAMIN SIBIRYAK (real name Mamin) Dmitry Narkisovich (18521912), Russian writer. Rum. “Privalov’s Millions” (1883), “Mountain Nest” (1884), “Wild Happiness” (“Zhilka”, 1884), “ Stormy stream"(On the Street, 1886), "Three Ends" (1890), "Gold" ... ... Literary encyclopedic dictionary
- (pseud. Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin) (1852 1912). Rus. prose writer, better known for his realistic novels about life in the Urals and Siberia during the period of formation of capitalist relations there. Genus. in the Vishino Shaitansky plant, Verkhoturye district. Perm province. WITH… … Big biographical encyclopedia
- (present family name Mamin; 1852–1912) – Russian. writer. Genus. in the family of a priest. He studied at a theological school. Without completing the medical course. – surgical Academy, entered the law school. ft Petersburg. un ta. Due to financial insecurity and poor health, I was... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Pseudonyms
Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin 1896 Aliases: Sibiryak Date of birth: October 25 (November 6) 1852 (18521106) Place of birth: Visimo Shaitansky plant, Perm province Date of death ... Wikipedia
Books
- , Mamin-Sibiryak Dmitry Narkisovich. He has written action-packed novels, historical stories, short stories and essays about residents of factory villages and taiga villages. He knew well the life and customs of the Ural mines, lived in Siberia,...
- Fairy tales and stories for children. Mamin-Sibiryak (number of volumes: 2), Mamin-Sibiryak D.. His pen includes action-packed novels, historical stories, stories and essays about residents of factory villages and taiga settlements. He knew well the life and customs of the Ural mines, lived in Siberia,...
The father really dreamed of his son graduating from theological seminary and following in his footsteps. At first it seemed that these plans were destined to come true: Dmitry became a student at the Perm Theological Seminary. But, after studying for a year, the guy admitted to his father that he did not see any further point in studying. This upset loved ones; they tried to reason with their son. In such a situation, the son accepted the only the right decision- leave wherever your eyes lead you. And his eyes looked towards the capital, St. Petersburg.
Here began my wanderings around the faculties of the Medical-Surgical Academy. At first, Mamin Jr. entered the veterinary department, and after studying for a year he moved to the medical department. The next place of study is St. Petersburg University. Here Dmitry studied for two years at the Faculty of Science, from where he moved to the Faculty of Law. However, here a year was more than enough for him to understand: walking through the labyrinths of the law is not his bread. In addition, due to constant malnutrition and poor living conditions, Dmitry’s tuberculosis worsened.
What's the bottom line? For six years of study, not a single diploma, not a single certificate of completion educational institution. But during the same period, Dmitry Narkisovich determined his main path, deciding to become a writer. And for this higher education desirable, but not required.
Already his first work, “Secrets of the Green Forest,” dedicated to the Urals, reveals his extraordinary talent. And given the fact that Mamin was in dire need of money, there was no need to force him to write - everything was already coming out of the pen of a dropout student. However, one of the first significant novels - “In the Whirlpool of Passions”, published in a small-circulation magazine and signed with the pseudonym E. Tomsky, was rolled out by critics, as they say, on a log. And the aspiring writer decides for himself - more paper I won’t spoil it...
Living in the capital is becoming unbearable: no money, no decent housing. Where to go so as not to completely sink to the bottom? Where are they waiting for him? Naturally, only at home. This is where the 25-year-old “veterinarian-lawyer” returns. And so as not to be confused with Mr. Tomsky, who wrote an unsuccessful novel, he takes a new pseudonym - Sibiryak. Simple and tasteful. This is exactly how the book of essays from the life of mine workers was signed, which was called very simply - “Prospectors”.
This topic, coupled with the description of the morals and life of the Ural workers, and those who mercilessly exploit them, will become a “passing theme” in all the works of Mamin-Sibiryak. His most significant works are “Privalov’s Millions”, “Mining”, “Three Ends”.
In 1890, Mamin-Sibiryak divorced his first wife and married a talented artist from the Yekaterinburg drama theater M. Abramova and moves to St. Petersburg, where he takes place last stage his life. Unfortunately, their marriage was short-lived - the very next year Abramova died during childbirth, leaving her daughter Alyonushka in her husband’s arms. Thanks to the girl, Dmitry Narkisovich revealed himself to readers from a different side - as an interesting storyteller for the younger generation. He knew how to speak to children in their language: simply, intelligibly and entertainingly. The cycle “Alenushka’s Stories” can rightfully be attributed to the best works writer. One “Grey Neck” is worth it! Not to mention Emel the Hunter! It turns out that it’s not too late to start writing for children, even at 40...
By the way, not everyone knows that Mamin signed many of his works, especially ethnographic articles, with the pseudonyms Bash-Kurt and Onik. If you come across these particular authors, do not be surprised by their masterful words: the Ural “Pushkin” is felt from the very first paragraphs.
Unfortunately, the hardships and illnesses suffered by the writer in his youth affected him closer to old age. Having celebrated his 60th birthday, the writer intended to live long. But his heart stopped a little more than a week later - November 15, 1912...
Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin-Sibiryak 1852 - 1912
Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin-Sibiryak was born on November 6, 1852, in the factory village of Visimo-Shaitansky, Verkhoturye district, Perm province, into the family of a poor factory priest. Real name is Mamin. He was educated at home, then studied at the Visim school for children of workers.
In 1866 was assigned to the Yekaterinburg Theological School. Then he studied at the Perm Theological Seminary for 4 years. Then the future writer studied to become a veterinarian at the St. Petersburg Medical-Surgical Academy, then at the Faculty of Law of St. Petersburg University. But, after studying for a year, he was forced to leave due to financial difficulties and a sharp deterioration in health (tuberculosis began).
The house where the writer lived in Yekaterinburg. In the summer of 1877 he returned to the Urals, to his parents. The following year, his father died, and the whole burden of caring for the family fell on Mamin-Sibiryak. In order to educate his brothers and sister and be able to earn money, it was decided to move to a large cultural center. Yekaterinburg was chosen, where his new life begins.
During these years, he makes many trips around the Urals, studies literature on the history, economics, ethnography of the Urals, and immerses himself in folk life, communicates with “simpletons” who have vast life experience.
The first fruit of this study was a series of travel essays “From the Urals to Moscow”, published in the Moscow newspaper “Russian Vedomosti”. Then his essays “In the Stones” and short stories (“At the Border of Asia”, “In Thin Souls”, etc.) were published in the magazine “Delo”. Many were signed under the pseudonym D. Sibiryak.
In 1890 the writer moved to St. Petersburg, where he spent the last stage of his life (1891 - 1912). A year later, his wife dies, leaving her sick daughter Alyonushka in the arms of her father, shocked by this death.
After the bitter loss of his beloved wife, Mamin-Sibiryak also emerged as an excellent writer about children and for children. His collections "Children's Shadows" and "Alenushka's Fairy Tales" (1894-1896) were very successful and included in Russian children's classics.
Mamin-Sibiryak’s works for children “Winter quarters on Studenoy” (1892), “Grey Neck” (1893), “Zarnitsa” (1897), “Across the Urals” (1899) and others became widely known. Some critics compare Mamin's fairy tales with Andersen's.
With his daughter Alyonushka Dmitry Narkisovich took children's literature very seriously. Addressing writers, his contemporaries, Mamin-Sibiryak urged them to truthfully tell children about the life and work of the people. “A children’s book is a spring ray of sunshine that awakens the dormant powers of a child’s soul and causes the seeds thrown onto this fertile soil to grow.”
Recent years During his lifetime the writer was seriously ill. On October 26, 1912, his fortieth anniversary was celebrated in St. Petersburg creative activity, but Mamin already had a bad reaction to those who came to congratulate him - a week later, on November 2 (15), 1912, he died. Since 1956, the ashes of the writer, his daughter and wife have been located on the Literary Bridge of the Volkovsky Cemetery in St. Petersburg.
A difficult life, full of hardships. Death of loved ones, poverty, illness. The biography of Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak has many difficult, sometimes almost hopeless pages. He was not recognized for a long time; famous writers called his works uninteresting and mediocre. But he was able to overcome himself, cope with difficulties, ascend to the literary Olympus and even receive the unspoken title “voice of the Urals.”
His works are still relevant today, his fairy tales are read by modern children. With the help of fictional characters: Komar Komarovich, Ruff Ershovich, Brave Hare, they learn to love nature, respect elders, be kind, sympathetic and fair.
Childhood
Dmitry Mamin, the pseudonym Sibiryak added to the surname later, was born on November 6, 1852, in the small village of Visimo-Shaitan, Perm province (now the village of Visim, Sverdlovsk region). His father was a factory priest, his mother raised four children.
Father Narkis Matveevich was very fond of books, especially the classics: Pushkin, Gogol, Krylov. The essays were kept in a custom-made brown cabinet with glass doors. For Mom, he was something like a family member.
Dmitry Narkisovich recalls that since childhood he read serious works. It was difficult to get children's literature, so buying the first such book was a real event for him. In the autobiographical story “From the Distant Past,” the writer will write: “How now I remember this children’s book, the name of which I have already forgotten. But I clearly remember the drawings contained in it, especially the living bridge of monkeys and paintings of tropical nature. Of course, I never came across a better book than this one.”
Education
Until he was eight years old, Dmitry was homeschooling. His life was limited to the territory of the yard. They were rarely allowed outside of it. Everything changed when I entered the factory primary school, new friends and hobbies appeared. Teachers described the boy as talented, interested and enthusiastic.
The parents did not have funds for studying at the gymnasium. The son is sent to the Yekaterinburg Theological School. Studying there was torment for Mamin-Sibiryak. Remained in memory corporal punishment, cramming. Then Dmitry is enrolled in the Perm Theological Seminary, but the young man understands that he will not follow in his father’s footsteps and will not become a clergyman. He reads the banned Herzen, Dobrolyubov, Chernyshevsky, and dreams of reforms in the country.
In search of himself, Dmitry goes to St. Petersburg. He enters the Medical Academy in the veterinary department. At the same time, he attends revolutionary circles, reads Marx, and participates in political debates. He does this so clearly and convincingly that the police set up surveillance. He lives very poorly. He rents a tiny, cold room and saves on literally everything.
Two years later, Mamin-Sibiryak understands that veterinary medicine is not his life’s work, and transfers to the Faculty of Law. But getting a higher education is not destined. His father becomes seriously ill, he has nothing to pay for his studies, and Dmitry himself develops tuberculosis. In the summer of 1877, after 6 years of metropolitan life in St. Petersburg, a young man returns to the Urals. These years of wandering will form the basis autobiographical work"Characters from the life of Pepko."
Creative path
Dmitry Mamin begins writing in St. Petersburg. He immediately realizes that literature is his calling. He signs his first stories with the surname Tomsky, but critics, including the eminent Saltykov-Shchedrin, are not enthusiastic about the works of the novice author. The first impulse is to put an end to creative career. But Mamin decides not to give up and improves his skills year after year: he searches for his own style, literary devices, images.
It is published in the St. Petersburg newspaper “Russkiy Mir”, in the magazines “Krugozor” and “Son of the Fatherland”. His short stories“In the Mountains”, “Mermaids”, “Secrets of the Green Forest” talk about the Ural nature, the Ural way of life and the life of ordinary people.
Mamin-Sibiryak’s truly literary talent is revealed after returning to his native place. The disease recedes, but the father dies. Dmitry becomes the head big family. In search of work, he goes to Yekaterinburg; getting a job without education is difficult. The young man is engaged in tutoring and quickly gains fame as the best teacher in the city.
He writes mostly at night, and soon the works of the unknown Dmitry Sibiryak appear in famous magazines in Moscow and St. Petersburg. In 1882, a series of travel essays “From Moscow to the Urals”, stories “In Thin Souls”, “At the Border of Asia” were published. The heroes of the books are simple Ural workers, their lives are very realistic. A lot of space on the pages is devoted to descriptions of nature. The author was talked about in literary circles. His collections sell out quickly. And the once categorical Saltykov-Shchedrin happily publishes the writer in his “Notes of the Fatherland.”
Dmitry Narkisovich signs his first major work, “Privalov's Millions,” with the double surname Mamin-Sibiryak, which will remain with the writer forever. Under it the author will write many works, most different genres. These are the novels “Mountain Nest”, “On the Street” and “Birthday Boy”, the play “Gold Miners”, the stories “Okhonin’s Eyebrows” and “The Gordeev Brothers”. With the birth of her daughter, Mamin-Sibiryak will also prove herself as a children's author. His "Alyonushka's Tales" are rightfully considered a children's classic.
Personal life
Dmitry Narkisovich was married twice. The first wife was Maria Alekseeva. The couple got married almost immediately after their return young man from St. Petersburg to the Urals. The marriage lasted about ten years.
The second was not so long and lasted only 15 months. His wife, Yekaterinburg theater actress Maria Abramova, died in childbirth, giving the writer a daughter, Alyonushka. The girl was very weak and the doctors openly declared that she would not survive. But the father literally took care of the baby and subsequently dedicated all his fairy tales to his daughter.
With his second wife, Mamin-Sibiryak moves to St. Petersburg. Later life writer takes place in the northern capital. Although his heart and soul are still inextricably linked with the Urals. In the last years of his life, the famous author was seriously ill; a cerebral hemorrhage and newly discovered tuberculosis seriously undermined his health. Dmitry Mamin died on November 15, 1912, shortly after his 60th birthday.
Obituaries will appear in famous newspapers and magazines. The Pravda newspaper will write: “A bright, talented, warm-hearted writer has died, under whose pen the pages of the past of the Urals came to life, an entire era of the march of capital, predatory, greedy, who did not know how to restrain himself in anything.” The writer will be buried at the Nikolskoye cemetery in St. Petersburg, next to his wife Maria Abramova. And on the granite monument with a bronze bas-relief the words “Live a thousand lives, suffer and rejoice in a thousand hearts - that’s where” will be carved. real life and true happiness."
Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin-Sibiryak (real nameMom's ; 1852-1912) - Russian prose writer and playwright.
Born into the family of a priest in the Visimo-Shaitansky Plant, now the village of Visim, Sverdlovsk region. He studied at the Perm Theological Seminary (1868-1872). In 1872 he entered the veterinary faculty of the St. Petersburg Medical-Surgical Academy; Without graduating, he transferred to the Faculty of Law of St. Petersburg University. In 1877, due to poverty, he was forced to leave his studies and go to the Urals, where he remained until 1891. Then he lived in St. Petersburg and Tsarskoe Selo. Began publishing in 1875. The first work “Secrets green forest"dedicated to the Urals.
Its second period began in 1882. literary activity. Since the appearance of the essays from the mine life “Prospectors,” Mamin, who began to sign the pseudonym Sibiryak, attracted the attention of the public and critics and quickly gained fame. His Ural stories and essays are published: “At the turn of Asia”, “In the stones”, “We all eat bread”, “In thin souls”, “Scrofula”, “Fighters”, “Translator in the mines”, “Wild happiness”, “Abba”, “On Shikhan”, “Bashka”, “Thunderstorm”, “Blessed” and others. The author's style is already clearly outlined in them: the desire to depict nature and its influence on people, sensitivity to the changes taking place around them. On the one hand, the author depicted majestic nature full of harmony, on the other, human troubles and the difficult struggle for existence. The signature of Mamin-Sibiryak remained with the writer forever. But he signed many of his things, especially ethnographic articles, with the pseudonyms Bash-Kurt and Onik. In 1883, his first novel from factory life in the Urals appeared: “Privalov’s Millions.” The author characterizes working people, types, figures that are new in Russian literature. The second novel, “Mountain Nest” (1884), describes the mining region from different sides. Here Mamin expressed his idea of elemental forces acting blindly in life. A natural continuation of “Mountain Nest” is the novel “On the Street,” where the action takes place in St. Petersburg. It shows the formation of capitalism, accompanied by the breakdown of the old way of life, previous ideals, ideological vacillations and searches among representatives of the intelligentsia. In the novel “Three Ends” (1890), the author talks about the life of schismatics in the Urals.
In 1891, Mamin-Sibiryak finally moved to St. Petersburg. His great novel “Bread” (1895) and the story “The Gordeev Brothers” date back to this time. With a novel he completed a series of works depicting Small Motherland, its morals, customs, social life, pre-reform and post-reform life. Many stories are dedicated to the same region. Mamin-Sibiryak also acts as a writer about children and for children. His collection “Children's Shadows” was a very great success. Understanding of child psychology is marked by “Alyonushka’s Tales” (1894-1896), the stories “Emelya the Hunter” (1884), “Winter Quarters on Studenoy” (1892), “The Gray Neck” (1893) and others. Mamin-Sibiryak is the author of the novel “Gold”, stories and essays “Parental Blood”, “Flying”, “Forest”, “Poison”, “The Last Requirement”, “Winch”, and the collection “About the Masters”. He also wrote dramatic works, legends, historical stories. Some works are marked by features of naturalism. The author described his first steps in literature, accompanied by attacks of acute need and despair, in the novel “Characters from the Life of Pepko” (1894). It reveals the writer’s worldview, the principles of his faith, views, ideas; altruism coexists with disgust for human ill will, for brute force, pessimism - with love for life and longing for its imperfections.
The artistic talent of Mamin-Sibiryak was highly appreciated by N. S. Leskov (1831-1895), A. P. Chekhov (1860-1904), I. A. Bunin (1870-1953).