According to information published in a report by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan, the number of people living in the country rising sun, who are more than 100 years old, for the first time in history exceeded 50 thousand people, or more precisely - 51,376 people. This number exceeds last year's figure for the number of centenarians in Japan by approximately four thousand people. And according to UN forecasts, by 2050 in Japan there will already be about a million people who have crossed the 100-year-old mark.
Where else on our planet do people live noticeably longer than others and why?
Where in the world do they live the longest?
The oldest person in Japan is named Jiroemon Kimura, his current age is 115 years, and his date of birth is April 19, 1897. Kimura, according to the Guinness Book of Records, is the oldest man in Japan and in the world.
However, in Japan, as indeed in most regions of the world, representatives of the fair sex live the longest. Thus, 87.3 percent of all Japanese centenarians are women, a trend that has continued for 32 years. In general, in the Land of the Rising Sun the most large number centenarians per capita - according to data as of September 2010, there is one centenarian over 100 years old per 2,900 inhabitants. Most Japanese centenarians live on the islands of Okinawa and Kyushu. Everyone who has reached the age of 100 in the country receives a memorial letter and a gift from the country's Prime Minister.
If we consider the number of centenarians per capita in other countries, then Sweden follows Japan in the number of people over 100 years old. There, according to 2011 data, with a population of 9 million 417 thousand people, there are 1,600 centenarians, that is, one centenarian for every 5,888 people.
Next comes Great Britain - here there is one centenarian for every 6,777 people; in total, there are about nine thousand centenarians in Foggy Albion.
In Cuba, not least due to its favorable climate and well-developed healthcare, there are 1,551 people over 100 years of age. With a population of just over 11 million people, there is one centenarian for every 7,222 people.
There are also countries on Earth in certain regions of which there is an increased concentration of people whose age exceeds 100 years. Thus, in China, in its western part, as well as in Tibet, there live nationalities whose representatives live to a very old age. Many centenarians live in Shanghai - in 2010, there were 923 people over 100 years old living there.
The Italian island of Sardinia is also known for its long-livers - here, in a village with the unpronounceable name Perdasdefogu, the world's most big family centenarians in the world. The Guinness Book of Records states that the total age of Melis's nine siblings exceeds 819 years. The head of the family, Consolata Melis, turned 105 years old in August 2012. She has 14 children, 24 grandchildren, 25 great-grandchildren and three great-great-grandchildren. Consolata's oldest sister is 99 years old, and the youngest is 78. In total, according to statistics, 370 people over a century old live in Sardinia, and in 2002 Antonio Todde died on the island, who was almost 113 years old!
Another place where there are many centenarians is the Greek island of Ikaria in the Aegean Sea. At the beginning of the 21st century there was much more people, whose age is 90 years or more than in Europe. At that time, about eight thousand people lived on the island, of which people who crossed the 90-year mark were 1.6 percent males and 1.1 percent female, which somewhat contradicts the generally accepted statistics on the predominance of centenarians women.
Why can people live so long in some regions of the world?
Reasons for longevity
Every region of the world with a large percentage of centenarians among the total population has its own reasons why people live this way. long life. Some of these reasons are universal, that is, they may be suitable for different regions of the planet, while others have their own local characteristics.
The country with one of the highest life expectancy rates is Japan, approximately 83.91 years (according to CIA World Factbook 2011). However, this was not always the case - before World War II, residents of the Land of the Rising Sun lived, on average, only about 40 years. The situation began to change in the second half of the 20th century. The secret of the longevity of the Japanese is considered, first of all, their diet. It mostly includes seafood, which enriches the body with fluoride and iodine, soy, products from which have a beneficial effect on bone health and prevent the occurrence of heart disease, as well as green tea- it activates metabolism in the human body. Such national culinary preferences also contribute to the fact that in Japan, only about three percent of the population is overweight.
In Scandinavian countries, life expectancy, despite the cold climate and short summer duration, is also high - approximately 75-78 years. One of the secrets of Scandinavian centenarians is eating fish with high content fat It protects joints, blood vessels, the heart, and also helps slow the development of Alzheimer's disease. In addition, long life also contributes to sports activities. fresh air- so, about 70 percent of Finnish residents are actively involved in this.
In Italy average duration life is approximately 77 years, and this despite the fact that Italy is one of the most smoking European countries. The secrets of Italian longevity are considered to be strong ties between relatives, eating hot peppers, and a mild maritime climate.
One more European country with high life expectancy - France. There this figure is almost 78 years - the highest in Europe. The secret here is not so much in the diet of the French (they eat pates, cheeses, cream, meat and drink wine), but in the amount they eat at a time - French residents eat, as a rule, in small portions and do it slowly.
The highest life expectancy outside Europe is in Cuba, reaching 76 years. Cubans live long lives despite traditional smoking of strong cigars and a large number the coffee they consume. The secret here is believed to be the excellent healthcare system on Liberty Island, as well as the natural optimism of the Cubans.
What about Russia? Where in our country do people live for a long time?
What about in Russia?
As for Russia, in our country people live the longest in the Caucasus: in the mountainous regions of Karachay-Cherkessia, Dagestan, Chechnya and other places in the region. According to data for 2003, in Abkhazia, for a population of about 215 thousand people, there were 250 people aged 100 years or more. The secret of Caucasian centenarians is mountain and sea air, unique nature and good ecology.
According to Rosstat data for June 2011, the first place in life expectancy among Russian regions is occupied by Ingushetia (78 years), second by Dagestan (74 years) and third by Moscow (just under 74 years). They live the least in Tyva - the life expectancy of men in this region is 54 years.
Did you know that life expectancy depends not only on our genes, physical activity and diet, but also on what country we live in? Thanks to the enormous achievements of modern medicine, people all over the world are living longer. Based on data from the World Bank, the UN, the Bloomberg news agency and reports from the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), a ranking of countries with the highest life expectancy was compiled. Want to know what countries these are? We present to your attention the top 10 countries where people live the longest.
10 PHOTOS
10. Norway.
The average life expectancy in the country is 81.3 years. Official retirement age- 67 years old. Currently, the group of people over 60 years old makes up 22 percent of the Norwegian population.
In the photo: Norway, Atlanterhavsvegen. (Photo: Marthe Marie Meltzer/Flikr.com).
9. France. The average life expectancy in France is 81.67 years. The official retirement age is 60 years. Pensioners over 60 years of age make up 24 percent of the country's population.
In the photo: Paris, France. (Photo: Daniel Cheong)
8. Israel. The average Israeli citizen lives 81.76 years. Men retire at age 67, and women at age 62. 15 percent of Israel's population are over 60 years of age.
In the photo: Israel, Tel Aviv. (Photo: ronsho/Flikr.com).
7. Sweden. Swedes live on average 81.8 years. They retire at the age of 65. Already more than 25 percent of the population of this country is over 60 years old. Interestingly, only 4.1 percent of Swedish pensioners live with their adult children. This is one of the lowest rates in the world.
In the photo: Stockholm, Sweden. (Photo: Tobias Lindman/Flikr.com).
6. Australia. 81.85 years is the average life expectancy in Australia. The official retirement age for men is 65 years, for women - 64 years. Currently, 20 per cent of Australian society are over 60 years of age.
In the photo: Sydney, Australia. (Photo: Yury Prokopenko/Flikr.com).
5. Italy. The average Italian lives 82.09 years. The retirement age for men is 65 years, for women - 60 years. People over 60 years old make up 27 percent of the total Italian population.
In the photo: Italy, Manarola. (Photo: Dominic Boudreault/Flikr.com).
4. Spain. In Spain, the average lifespan is 82.33 years. Both men and women retire here at the age of 65. People over 60 make up 23 percent of the Spanish population.
In the photo: Spain, Barcelona. (Photo: Moyan Brenn/Flikr.com).
3. Iceland. The average life expectancy in the country is 82.36 years, and the retirement age is 67 years. Thanks to the good demographic situation, the population over 60 years of age is only 17 percent. FYI: Iceland has one of the highest birth rates in Europe. 2. Japan.
The average Japanese citizen lives 82.59 years. The Japanese retire at the age of 65. People over 60 make up 32 percent of the country's total population, the highest figure in the world.
In the photo: Japan, Tokyo. (Photo: Marufish/Flikr.com).
1. The leader of the ranking is Switzerland. The Swiss live the longest in the world - 82.70 years. The official retirement age in Switzerland is 65 for men and 64 for women. People over 60 make up 23 percent of the Swiss population.
In the photo: Switzerland, Lungern. (Photo: Anik Messier/Flikr.com).
For reference: the average life expectancy in Russia is 66.05 years; in Ukraine - 68.1 years; Belarus - 70.2 years.
By different estimates, the Russian-speaking diaspora in the world numbers from 25 to 30 million people. But it is extremely difficult to accurately calculate the number of Russians living in different countries, since the very definition of “Russian” is unclear.
When we talk about the Russian diaspora, we involuntarily return to the rhetorical question - who should be considered Russians: either they are exclusively Russians, or they are joined by citizens of the former republics of the USSR, or they also include descendants of immigrants from Russian Empire?
If we count only immigrants from Russia as Russians abroad Russian Federation, then no fewer questions will arise, since they will include representatives of numerous nationalities living on the territory of Russia.
Using the term “Russian” as an ethnonym, we are faced with the problem of national identity on the one hand, and integration and assimilation on the other. Let's say, today's descendant of immigrants from the Russian Empire living in France may feel Russian, while someone born into a family of immigrants in the 1980s, on the contrary, will call himself a full-fledged Frenchman.
Considering the vagueness of the term “Russian diaspora” and the not yet established concept of “Russian diaspora,” another phrase is often used – “Russian-speaking diaspora,” which includes those for whom the Russian language is a unifying principle. However, this is not without controversial issues. For example, according to 2008 data, about 3 million US residents declared their Russian origin, but Russian is the native language of only 706 thousand Americans.
Germany
The Russian-speaking diaspora in Germany is considered the largest in Europe. Taking into account various data, on average it is 3.7 million people, most of whom are Russian Germans. In families that arrived in Germany 15-20 years ago, Russian is still the mother tongue, although some of the immigrants use a mixture of Russian and German, and only a few are fluent in German. It is curious that there are cases when immigrants who have already begun to use German, again return to more familiar Russian speech.
Now in every major city in Germany there are Russian shops, restaurants, travel agencies, there are even Russian-speaking law firms and medical institutions. The largest Russian communities are concentrated in Berlin, Hamburg, Stuttgart, Düsseldorf and Frankfurt am Main. However, the largest concentration of the Russian-speaking population is in the state of Baden-Württemberg.
Argentina
The largest Russian diaspora South America is located in Argentina. According to unofficial data, its number reaches 300 thousand people, of which about 100 thousand speak Russian to one degree or another.
Historians count 5 waves of emigration from Russia to Argentina. If the first was “Jewish”, the second was “German”, then the last three are called “Russian”. The waves of “Russian emigration” coincided with turning points in Russian history - the revolution of 1905, civil war and perestroika.
At the beginning of the 20th century, many Cossacks and Old Believers left Russia for Argentina. Their compact settlements still exist. A large colony of Old Believers is located in Choel-Choel. While maintaining their traditional way of life, Old Believer families still have an average of 8 children. The largest colony of Cossacks is located in the suburbs of Buenos Aires - Schwarzbalde and consists of two settlements.
Russian Argentines carefully maintain cultural ties with their historical homeland. Thus, the Institute of Russian Culture operates in the capital. In Argentina there are also radio stations broadcasting exclusively Russian music - Rachmaninov, Tchaikovsky, Prokofiev.
USA
According to experts, Russian is the seventh most common language in the United States. The Russian-speaking population grew unevenly in the country: the last and most powerful wave of emigration to the United States swept over the Soviet republics at the turn of the 1980s and 90s. If in 1990 the American authorities counted about 750 thousand Russians, today their number exceeds 3 million people. Since 1990, a quota was introduced for citizens of the USSR - no more than 60 thousand immigrants per year.
It should be noted that in the USA it is customary to call “Russians” all those who came here from the CIS countries and have different ethnic roots - Russian, Ukrainian, Jewish, Kazakh. Here, more than anywhere else, the duality of the situation is manifested, when ethnic identification and native language do not mean the same thing.
There is a large Russian-speaking diaspora in Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco and Houston. But still, most immigrants prefer to settle in New York, where the connection with Russian history, tradition and culture has been largely preserved.
Israel
It is not known how many representatives of the Russian-speaking diaspora there would be in Israel now if, at the turn of the 1980s and 90s, the US government had not convinced the Israeli authorities to accept the main flow of immigrants from the USSR. The Soviet leadership also contributed to this process by simplifying the repatriation of Jews to Israel.
In the first two years, about 200 thousand immigrants from the USSR arrived in Israel, but beginning of XXI century, the number of emigrants from Russia decreased to 20 thousand people per year.
Today, the Russian-speaking diaspora in Israel numbers about 1.1 million people - approximately 15% of the country's population. This is the second national minority after the Arabs. The diaspora is predominantly represented by Jews - there are no more than 70 thousand ethnic Russians in it.
Latvia
Latvia can be called the country where there are the most Russians per capita - 620 thousand people, which is approximately 35% of the total number of residents of the country. The Russian-speaking diaspora in Latvia is also called the “diaspora of cataclysms”, since Russians remained here after the collapse of the USSR.
It is interesting that the inhabitants of ancient Russian lands settled on the territory of modern Latvia back in X-XII centuries, and in 1212 the Russian Compound was founded here. Later, Old Believers actively moved to the country to escape persecution.
After the collapse of the USSR, about 47 thousand Russian-speaking people left Latvia, although the situation stabilized very quickly. According to the sociological center Latvijas fakti, 94.4% of the country’s residents now speak Russian.
Most of the Russian-speaking population of Latvia is concentrated in major cities. For example, in Riga, almost half of the residents consider themselves to be part of the Russian diaspora. Virtually all big business in Latvia is controlled by Russians, it is not surprising that in the top ten of the ranking richest people Latvia includes six Russians.
Kazakhstan
Russians in Kazakhstan are mostly descendants of exiles people XIX- first half of the 20th century. The active growth of the Russian population of Kazakhstan began during the period Stolypin reforms. By 1926, Russians in the Cossack Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic made up 19.7% of total number population.
It is interesting that at the time of the collapse of the USSR, there were about 6 million Russians and other Europeans in Kazakhstan - this is more than half of the country’s inhabitants. However, up to the present time there has been a constant outflow of the Russian-speaking population. According to official statistics, 84.4% of the population in the country speak Russian, but about 26% consider themselves Russian - approximately 4 million people, which is the largest Russian-speaking diaspora in the world.
Every day the number of inhabitants on our planet is growing. This is due to many factors and varies from person to person. Therefore, it is very difficult to keep track of how many people live in the world. However, approximate data still exists.
Population of the planet
Today there are about 7 billion people living in the world; it is difficult to give exact data, since someone is constantly being born and someone is dying. For the most part, the population size of a given country depends on several factors, including the level of development of the state and, in particular, medicine, standard of living and even human temperament.
Many centuries ago on Earth there was much fewer people, but over time this figure grew rapidly. Despite global epidemics, diseases and horrors continue to multiply and populate every piece of the planet. Most of the population lives in the most developed megacities, where the standard of living is higher than in small cities, the same applies to countries. About half of the people live in the most populous countries.
China
This country rightfully occupies first place, almost reaching the figure of 1.5 billion, that is, almost 1/5 of how many people there are in the world today. Despite the fact that government authorities everyone possible ways are trying to regulate the birth rate, the number of people in the country is still growing rapidly, increasing by about 8.7 million annually.
India
If we talk about how many people there are in the world now, then the second place among the most populated states belongs to India. About 1.17 billion people live here, which is about 17% of the total world population. The annual population growth in this country is about 18 million people, which means that Indians have every chance of surpassing the Chinese in number.
USA
Thanks to a constant influx of immigrants from less developed neighboring countries, the United States ranks among the most populous countries in the world. About 307 million people live in this state different nationalities.
Indonesia
The fourth position on the list is occupied by a state located in Southeast Asia. About 240 million people live on its territory, which is about 3.5% of the total
Brazil
The top five is completed by this sunny country, which also happens to be the most populous state in South America. Exactly 3% of the world's people live in Brazil. The number of inhabitants of this state reaches 198 million inhabitants.
Pakistan
Sixth place belongs to Pakistan, which, according to the latest data, has about 176 million inhabitants, who make up 2.6% of the total population of our planet.
Bangladesh
The country, located in South Asia, is home to 156 million people. That is, the number of Bangladeshis is about 2.3% of the inhabitants of planet Earth.
Nigeria
This African country is also in the top ten in terms of population. The number of people living here reaches 149 million, that is, 2.2% of all people on the planet. In addition, Nigeria also occupies a leading position in terms of birth rate, which may soon help it overtake Bangladesh.
Russia
A significant part of how many people live on the planet is in Russia. Despite the fact that Russia is only in 9th place in terms of population. This is due to the fact that here the mortality rate significantly exceeds the birth rate. The territory of this state accounts for about 2% of the population of the entire Earth, that is, about 140 million people.
Japan
The top ten is completed by the Land of the Rising Sun, which, however, is the most developed of all those presented above. Approximately 127 million people live here, that is, 1.9% of the earth's population. What is important, since the country is in a somewhat conserved state, almost its entire population is indigenous Japanese.
Conclusion
The World Health Organization regulates the population of states and controls how many people there are in the world. To somehow reduce the birth rate in the very poor African countries, missionaries are regularly sent there to give lectures to the local population and provide them with the necessary contraception. Other states are taking different measures. For example, in China, authorities are combating too high a birth rate by imposing taxes on families who want to have more than one child. But such measures are extremely necessary, because the resources of our planet are limited, and they are greatly influenced by how many people there are in the world. Therefore, it is simply necessary to avoid in order to prevent an environmental catastrophe and serious depletion of all natural resources our planet Earth.