Comparative characteristics of Oblomov and Stolz
Lazy people are always going to do something.
Luc de Clapier Vauvenargues.
The novel “Oblomov” was written by I.A. Goncharov in 1859. When the work was published, it captured all the attention of society. Critics and writers called the novel “a sign of the times” (N.A. Dobrolyubov), “the most important thing that has not existed for a long time” (L.N. Tolstoy), a new word appeared in everyday life: “Oblomovism.” I.S. Turgenev once remarked: “As long as there is at least one Russian left, “Oblomov” will be remembered.”
When I started reading this book, to be honest, I was a little annoyed. From the first chapters, the image of Oblomov was incomprehensible to me, and even... I had a certain dislike for this character. Not to the work itself, but specifically to it. I can explain - I was greatly outraged by my namesake for his laziness and apathy. It was unbearable. And how glad I was to learn in the process of reading this novel that Oblomov has, as Dobrolyubov puts it, an “antidote” - his friend, Andrei Stolts. It’s strange, but for some reason I was very happy. I noticed that Goncharov used this antithesis for a reason - he shows two opposites, originally conceived as a opposition between the West and Russia. But I learned about this a little later, in literature class...
What about the comparison between these characters? Take, for example, the image of Oblomov in the novel. He is depicted not with satirical, but rather with soft, sad humor, although his laziness and inertia often appear grotesque, for example, in the first part of the novel Oblomov’s day is described, during which the hero for a long time and painfully cannot muster the strength to get up from the sofa . This is how it appears before us main character. Why be surprised? Everything comes from childhood! Let's remember Oblomovka, the village where Ilya lived as a child... Oblomovka is a village of peace, blessings, sleep, laziness, illiteracy, stupidity. Everyone lived in it for their own pleasure, without experiencing any mental, moral or spiritual needs. The Oblomovites had no goals, no troubles; no one thought about why man and the world were created. And it was in this atmosphere that Ilya Ilyich Oblomov grew up and, I’m not afraid of this word... “raised”... Further, in the process of reading, we learn about his studies at the boarding school, where he “... listened to what the teachers said, because there was nothing else to do it was impossible, and with difficulty, with sweat, with sighs, he learned the lessons given to him...” Later, he treated the service in approximately the same way. True, at the very beginning he dreamed of serving Russia “as long as he could.” But laziness and indifference to life were so deep that all his noble dreams remained unfulfilled. He turns into a sloth and a couch potato. People around me are used to this. But don’t think that Oblomov is completely hopeless. All the strength and everything positive qualities he is revealed in his romance with Olga Ilyinskaya, which, however, is torn apart due to Oblomov’s inability to radically change his lifestyle and take serious practical steps.
What about Stolz? Stolz is the complete opposite of Oblomov. Half German by nationality, he grew up in an atmosphere of intellectual and physical labor. Stolz has been accustomed to order since childhood and firmly knows that everything in life can only be achieved through hard work. He repeated this thought to Oblomov tirelessly. This is natural, because Ilya Ilyich was cultivated like “an exotic flower in a greenhouse.” Stolz grew up “like a cactus accustomed to drought.” And all this was also the basis for the further lifestyle of Ilya Ilyich’s friend. Andrey is energetic, not without charm, and creates the impression of a reliable person. As for me, I see in Stolz a strong and straightforward personality, I don’t understand why Chekhov said differently about him. Stolz is super-energetic, muscular, active, standing firmly on his feet, having amassed a lot of capital for himself, a scientist, and a lot of travellers. He has friends everywhere and is respected as a strong personality. He is one of the main representatives of the trading company. He is cheerful, cheerful, hardworking... This is the difference from Oblomov, which is obvious.
Behind the antithesis of Stolz and Oblomov, one can see the opposition between the West and Russia. Stolz is portrayed by Goncharov as a harmonious, comprehensively developed personality, combining German pragmatism and Russian spirituality. He is clearly idealized by the author, who sees Stolz and others like him as the future of Russia, the possibility of its progressive development; this is emphasized in the plot by the fact that Olga Ilyinskaya gives her hand to Stolz. This, in my opinion, is the main comparison between Andrei Stolts and Ilya Oblomov.
In the novel “Oblomov,” Alexander Goncharov touches on the theme of friendship between people completely different in character and views.A comparative description of the image of Oblomov and Stolz will help the reader figure out whether it is capable of changing a person for the better.
Childhood and education
Ilya Ilyich Oblomov grew up as a spoiled child. The parents were too protective of their son and did not give him the opportunity to prove himself. Didn't like to study. He believed that science was sent to people as punishment for their sins. As a thirteen-year-old boy, he was enrolled in a boarding school. He often asked his mother for permission to stay at home and not go to school. I did not receive sufficient knowledge at the university due to my own laziness.Andrey Ivanovich Stolts was a smart boy. He absorbed knowledge like a sponge. His father raised him in strictness. Mother did not encourage “labor education.” When the father sent his son to university, he did not take him to the city. I said goodbye at the gate without unnecessary emotions, put on his cap, and pushed him so hard that he knocked him off his feet.”
Appearance
Ilya has overweight. His “plump arms and soft shoulders” gave his appearance a certain delicacy. “His complexion was not ruddy or dark, he seemed positively pale.” There were always certain thoughts in the gray eyes that quickly disappeared before they had time to settle in their heads.Andrey he is thin, has no cheeks at all, and has dark skin. “It was made of bones, nerves and muscles, and resembled an English horse.” His face had expressive green eyes. It exudes masculinity and health.
Aspirations and wealth
Ilya Oblomov at thirty-two years old, he had acquired absolutely nothing on his own. He left the service because of a stupid mistake he made, sending important documents not at the address. He couldn't complete a simple assignment. Lives in rented apartments. The property inherited from parents suffers losses and does not bring adequate prosperity. Ilya Ilyich knows nothing about financial matters.Doesn't try to keep up with anything and create something in life. He lies on the sofa, constantly in a sleepy state.
Stolz“I served, after resigning, I went into business on my own and made a house and money. He's involved in some company that ships goods overseas." Does not make mistakes in work. He achieved respect in society and material wealth through his own efforts. “He is constantly on the move: if society needs to send an agent to England or Belgium, they send him. Should be created new project or disassemble new idea- Stolz is chosen.”
Love for a woman
Andrey respects opposite sex. In his relationship with Olga Ilyinskaya, he proves himself to be a true gentleman, capable of solving all the concerns of his beloved and making her happy. He achieved his goal - he married the one he loves.Ilya always tactful in dealing with women. He loved Olga Ilyinskaya, but could not overcome his laziness and reluctance to change. I was afraid of the ordinariness of marriage. He caused his beloved a lot of trouble; she often cried because of his caustic speeches. He married the widow Pshenitsyna, from whom he rented a room. She demanded absolutely nothing from him. Such relationships suited Oblomov.
Attitude to life
Andrey Stolts, full of health, wishes to live many more years. Although he is a realist, phrases are often heard from his lips that he wants to “live two hundred, three hundred years.” Adheres to the goal that everything should be accomplished based on clearly defined tasks. The dream had no place in his soul.Ilya Oblomov calls himself an “old caftan.” Sometimes he voices thoughts that he would lie down and fall asleep forever. Likes to dream. His imagination often paints imaginary pictures. The images of the future wife and children are especially clearly highlighted.
So, the main character of the novel is Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. But the author pays no little attention to best friend Oblomov - Stoltz. Both heroes live at the same time, and it would seem that they should be similar, but is this so? Oblomov appears to us as a man “... about thirty-two or three years old, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness glowed throughout his face.”
Stolz is the same age as Oblomov, “he is thin, he has almost no cheeks at all, ... his complexion is even, dark and no blush; his eyes, although a little greenish, are expressive.” Oblomov's parents were Russian nobles who owned several hundred serfs. Stolz was half German on his father's side, his mother was a Russian noblewoman.
Faith, Andrei Ivanovich, professed Orthodox, spoke Russian. Oblomov and Stolz have known each other since childhood; they studied in a small boarding school located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhleve.
Stolz's father was the manager there. “Maybe Ilyusha would have had time to learn something well from him if Oblomovka had been about five hundred miles from Verkhlevo... The charm of Oblomov’s atmosphere, way of life and habits extended to Verkhlevo;...
There, except for Stolz's house, everything breathed the same primitive laziness, simplicity of morals, silence and stillness." But Ivan Bogdanovich raised his son strictly: "From the age of eight he sat with his father behind geographical map, sorted through the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of the peasants, townspeople and factory workers, and with his mother he read sacred history, learned the fables of Krylov and sorted through the warehouses of Telemachus. "As for physical education, then Oblomov was not even allowed out into the street, and Stolz “took up from the pointer and ran to destroy birds’ nests with the boys,” sometimes disappearing from home for a day. From childhood, Oblomov was surrounded by the tender care of his parents and nanny, and Stolz was brought up in an atmosphere of constant mental and physical labor. But both Oblomov and Stoltz are already over thirty, what are they like now?
Ilya Ilyich turned into a lazy gentleman, whose life is spent lying on the sofa: “Ilya Ilyich’s lying down was neither a necessity, like that of a sick person or like a person who wants to sleep, nor an accident, like that of someone who is tired, nor a pleasure, like a lazy person: this was his normal state." Stolz cannot imagine life without movement: “He is constantly on the move: if society needs to send an agent to Belgium or England, they send him; if they need to write some project or adapt a new idea to business, they choose him. Meanwhile, he goes to the world and reads: when he has time - God knows." Comparing Oblomov and Stolz, we see that they are very different, but what unites them?
Yes, undoubtedly, friendship, but what else? It seems to me that they are united by an eternal and uninterrupted sleep. Oblomov sleeps on his sofa, and Stolz sleeps in his stormy and eventful life. “Life: life is good!” says Oblomov, “What to look for there?
Interests of the mind, heart? Look where the center is around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are dead people, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society!... Don’t they sleep sitting all their lives?
Why am I more to blame than them, lying at home and not infecting my head with threes and jacks?" I completely agree with Oblomov and believe that people who live without a specific, lofty goal are simply sleeping in pursuit of satisfying their desires. But who is more needed than Russia? Oblomov or Stolz?
Of course, such progressive people as Stolz are simply necessary, especially at the beginning of the third millennium. But the Oblomovs will never die, there is a piece of Oblomov in each of us, we are all a little Oblomov in our souls.
It seems to me that the problem of the “sleeping man”, raised in the nineteenth century by Goncharov, is still relevant today. Lenin’s words are well known that even after three revolutions “the old Oblomov remained and he had to be washed, cleaned, scuffed and torn for a long time in order for any sense to come out.”
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- Kazakova Tamara Vladimirovna, teacher of Russian language and literature, gymnasium No. 192 “Bryusovskaya”, St. Petersburg Preparation for the seminar: Read the article by N. A. 1. The image of Oblomov is greatest creation I. A. Goncharova. The very character of this hero predetermines his mediocre, uninteresting fate, devoid of external EXAMINATION Regulatory documents(continued) Are the endings of M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin's fairy tales funny or sad? Satirical image"masters of life" in fairy tales by M. E. Goncharov I. A. Essay on a work on the topic: Ideological and compositional features of I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” In the center of Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” is the complex I. A. Goncharov “Oblomov” “The “task of existence” and “practical truth” (Oblomov and Stolz) (continued) Oblomov’s antipode is Stolz (from the German stolz - “proud”). Already
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The characters of the main characters in Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” are portrayed exceptionally correctly and talentedly by the author. If the artist’s task is to snatch and catch life essence, inaccessible to the understanding of the average person, the great Russian writer coped with it brilliantly. His main character, for example, personifies the whole social phenomenon, named after him “Oblomovism”. No less worthy of attention is the phenomenal friendship of Oblomov and Stolz, two antipodes, who, it would seem, should have irreconcilably argued with each other or even despised each other, as often happens in communication completely different people. However, Goncharov goes against stereotypes, connecting the antagonists with strong friendship. Throughout the entire novel, observing the relationship between Oblomov and Stolz is not only necessary, but also interesting for the reader. Collision of two life positions, two worldviews - here main conflict in Goncharov's novel "Oblomov".
The differences between Oblomov and Stolz are not difficult to find. Firstly, his appearance catches your eye: Ilya Ilyich is a portly gentleman with soft features, plump hands, and slow gestures. His favorite clothing is a spacious robe that does not restrict movement, as if protecting and warming a person. Stolz is fit and slender. Constant activity and business acumen characterize his practical nature, so his gestures are bold and his reactions are quick. He is always dressed appropriately to move in the light and make the right impression.
Secondly, they have different upbringings. If little Ilyusha was groomed and cherished by his parents, nannies and other inhabitants of Oblomovka (he grew up as a pampered boy), then Andrei was brought up in strictness, his father taught him how to run a business, leaving him to make his own way. Stolz, as a result, did not have enough parental affection, which he was looking for in his friend’s house. Oblomov, on the contrary, was too kindly treated, his parents spoiled him: he was not fit for service or for the work of a landowner (taking care of the estate and its profitability).
Thirdly, their attitude to life differs. Ilya Ilyich does not like fuss, does not waste effort on pleasing society or at least wedging into it. Many people condemn him for laziness, but is it laziness? I think not: he is a nonconformist who is honest to himself and to the people around him. A nonconformist is a person who defends his right to behave differently from what is customary in his contemporary society. Oblomov had the courage and fortitude to silently, calmly adhere to his position and go his own way, without wasting his time on trifles. His demeanor reveals a rich spiritual life, which he does not display on a social display. Stolz lives in this showcase, because hanging around in good society always brings benefits to the businessman. We can say that Andrei had no other choice, because he is not a gentleman, his father earned capital, but no one will leave the villages to him as an inheritance. From childhood it was instilled in him that he had to earn his own living, so Stolz adapted to the circumstances, developing hereditary qualities: perseverance, hard work, social activity. But if he is so successful by modern standards, why does Stolz need Oblomov? From his father, he inherited an obsession with business, the limitations of a practical person, which he felt, and therefore subconsciously reached out to the spiritually rich Oblomov.
They were drawn to the opposite, feeling a lack of certain properties of nature, but could not learn from each other good qualities. None of them could make Olga Ilyinskaya happy: with both one and the other she felt dissatisfaction. Unfortunately, this is a fact of life: people rarely change in the name of love. Oblomov tried, but still remained faithful to his principles. Stoltz, too, was only enough for courtship, and then the routine of living together began. Thus, the similarity between Oblomov and Stolz was revealed in love: they both failed to build happiness.
In these two images, Goncharov reflected the contradictory trends in society of that time. The nobility is the support of the state, but its individual representatives cannot take an active part in its fate, if only because it is vulgar and petty for them. They are gradually being replaced by people who have gone through a harsh school of life, the more skillful and greedy Stolts. They do not have the spiritual component that is needed for any useful work in Russia. But even apathetic landowners will not save the situation. Apparently, the author believed that the fusion of these extremes, a kind of golden mean, was the only way to achieve the well-being of Russia. If we look at the novel from this angle, it turns out that the friendship of Oblomov and Stolz is a symbol of the unification of different social forces for a common goal.
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In my work I want to make a comparative description of two personalities - characters in the popular novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" - I.I. Oblomov and A.I. Stolts.
The author gave the portrait of both heroes as clearly as possible, with all the details and the author’s comparison. It is said about Oblomov: “he has grown a belly and thinks that nature sent him this burden.” That is, Goncharov ridicules Oblomov’s completeness and presents it to the reader as a negative sign. About Stolz, on the contrary, the author claims that “he is thin, he has almost no cheeks at all.” Ilya Ilyich has a face of “indefinite color”, which did not stand out in anything special and could not be equated with any of the existing colors; the author calls such a color “indifferent”. Stolz, on the other hand, has a “dark face” and his complexion is “even,” in contrast to Oblomov’s ugly face.
An important point in the work is the description of the health of the heroes: fat, without complexion, Oblomov says about himself “my health is bad,” and about the impeccable Stolz it is written: “he has retained the strength of his soul, the strength of his body ... the back of his head does not itch, he is not overcome by stye ".
If we study this issue more deeply, we will notice that Oblomov received a gentle, as he calls it, “Oblomov” upbringing, in which one learns until the first sign of fatigue, and Stolz, in turn, was trained “severely, practically and firmly”, which It’s even visible in the scene of the farewell between son and father, when the latter “was like throwing a kitten into the street: he didn’t hug him, he didn’t howl.” Oblomov did not know difficulties when Stolz experienced them at every step, Ilya was lazy and apathetic, and Andrei was cheerful day and night, Oblomov was quiet and timid, Stolz was self-confident, ready for any obstacle. Oblomov does not like life, does not like acquaintances, work, lives without a goal and considers reading a waste of time, unlike the life-loving, hardworking, travel-seeking Stolz.
Oblomov's childhood consisted of ordinary children's pranks, not punished by anyone. He didn’t try to develop physically and in general he cared the least about this moment. His daily routine consisted of eating and sleeping. Stolz spent his entire childhood in constant work, mainly helping his family with household chores.
The activities of the two characters I described were completely opposite. Ilya never participated in public life, lay on the couch and did not receive an education. Andrey is an active participant in any campaign, conducts business abroad and has visited all corners of the country.
The life position of the characters can be fit into one sentence, because as the whole work progresses, I think it becomes clear who is who: Oblomov did not set goals for himself and considered lying on the couch the peak of life, Stolz grabbed new and impossible ideas and carried them out them, while doing business and traveling at the same time.
The role of women and love for Oblomov and Stolz was also completely opposite. For the first, love was considered a kind of illness, mental shock, and continuous suffering. For the second, love was the fruit of labor and a heart that carries only positive emotions.
The semantic load of both characters lies in the fact that in the image of Stolz it is, but in the image of Oblomov it is not. It is not for nothing that Goncharov often uses the term “Oblomovism” in his works - which means apathetic laziness and inaction, an absolutely meaningless existence. Stolz is a treasure trove of meaning, full of motivation and asking new questions in the minds of readers. Studying the image of Stolz, a desire appears to travel, to travel the length and breadth of Russia, to open a business, to find good job, start learning, find love, overcome new difficulties. "Oblomov" by Goncharov - these are absolutely two different stories about two different types people, one of whom cannot swim out of his pool even with the help of the second, because the shackles of “Oblomovism” with every movement pull him deeper to the bottom.
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