The main characters of the work Eugene Onegin (characteristics). The main characters of the novel “Eugene Onegin” Characteristics of all the characters of Eugene Onegin

>Characteristics of the heroes Eugene Onegin

Characteristics of the hero Eugene Onegin

Eugene Onegin - main character novel of the same name A. S. Pushkina, a young nobleman, a man with a complex and contradictory character. Onegin was born and raised in St. Petersburg. He did not have a mother, and his father, although a rich man, was frivolous and quickly squandered his fortune. After his death, all property went to creditors. Eugene was raised by French tutors who did not devote much time to science. In return, they taught him to speak French, understand Latin, dance the mazurka and recite epigrams. Well and quickly he mastered the “science of tender passion.”

Onegin grew up quite selfish, incapable of work, and easily hurting the feelings of other people. Every day he attended theaters, balls and feasts. The next morning I lazed in bed, and then again prepared to go out into the world. Soon, from such monotony, the young man developed melancholy. In order to somehow diversify his life, he tried to read books and study literary creativity. But he also soon became bored with this. Going to the village to visit his dying uncle, who bequeathed him a rich inheritance, he hoped to rest there from the bustle of the capital. He liked the change of environment, but even here he soon began to get bored. Such was the nature of the young nobleman.

In the village, Onegin met Lensky, who later became his best friend, as well as the Larin family. The meeting with Lensky opened up in him the opportunity for true friendship, hidden behind cold egoism. And the meeting with young Tatyana Larina touched something in his impoverished soul, but seeing the girl’s romantic nature, he did not dare to play with her feelings. In response to her letter of confession, he said that he could love her with the love of a brother and that family ties were not for him. Despite the fact that he was friendly towards these two people, this did not bring him happiness. He accidentally killed Lensky in a duel, and Tatyana was married off to someone else and became a princess. At the end of the novel, he saw her in a different light and fell in love with her, but this time she refused him. This refusal entailed a revolution in all his thoughts and emotional feelings.

Eugene Onegin

The main character of the work is Eugene Onegin, presented by the author in the image of a twenty-six-year-old young rich St. Petersburg nobleman. The hero is described in the novel as an educated, fashionable dandy, fluent in French and a little Latin, with decent manners, leading an idle life, without a position, loving to spend time at party balls and theatrical productions. The poet calls the characteristic features of Onegin indifference, coldness, causticity and slander, expressed in his sharp, chilled mind, contemptuous attitude towards people and constant boredom everywhere. Distinctive feature Evgeniy Onegin is the lack of ability for a deep, true feeling of love, being an experienced heartthrob who won the heart of Tatyana Larina.

Tatyana Larina

The second main character of the work is Tatyana Larina, depicted in the novel as a simple seventeen-year-old girl who comes from a poor noble family and lives in Russian outback. The girl is well educated, but at the same time she does not speak Russian well, since from childhood she was brought up communicating in French, although she is very interested in reading and contemplating the surrounding nature. Tatyana has an unremarkable appearance, although she has a peculiar special charm. By character, Tatyana is described as an intelligent, strong-willed, stubborn woman who combines silence, detachment, daydreaming and great imagination. Tatyana, having met Onegin, experiences a sincere and pure feeling for the young man, but it does not find reciprocity in Eugene. Subsequently, Larina agrees to marry the prince, with whom the girl’s life is built on mutual respect, fidelity and honesty.

Vladimir Lensky

One of the main characters of the novel is presented by the author Vladimir Lensky, described as a young, black-haired, handsome nobleman of eighteen years old, who received German education, who is a friend and neighbor of Evgeny Onegin. Lensky is well-educated, plays chess, plays music, and writes poetry. Vladimir is distinguished by his dreaminess, combined with a passion for philosophy, romanticism, an ardent, enthusiastic character, expressed in his naivety, gullibility, innocence, and faith in goodness. Lensky has the ability to have sincere, tender feelings for a woman and true friendship. In the finale of the work, Vladimir dies, being struck by Onegin’s shot in a duel over Lensky’s fiancée Olga Larina, who after a while becomes the wife of another man.

Olga Larina

Olga Larina is one of the main heroines of the novel, the younger sister of Tatyana Larina, a lovely fair-haired girl with blue eyes, beautiful shoulders, graceful breasts and a ringing voice. Olga has a cheerful, lively, carefree, playful disposition, distinguished by frivolity, playfulness, sociability, and rustic stupidity. Olga's inability to act thoughtfully and her passion for female coquetry become the cause of the death of Vladimir Lensky, who passionately loved Olga Larina and was considered her fiancé.

Tatiana's husband

The secondary hero of the work is Tatyana Larina’s husband, depicted in the image of a prince, who is an old friend and distant relative of Onegin, with whom they have fun together during their youth.

Mother Praskovya

Also, minor characters in the novel are members of the Larinsky family, including the girls’ father Dmitry Larin, mother Praskovya, and nanny Filipyevna. Larina's spouses live happily family life, because they are distinguished by reasonableness, wisdom and kind attitude towards each other and others. Filipyevna is portrayed as a good-natured peasant woman who, at the early age of thirteen, married without love at the behest of her parents.

Princess Alina and Zaretsky

As minor characters the works are presented by the poet Princess Alina, who is the cousin of the Larin sisters, an old, sick woman with whom the family stays when arriving in Moscow for the bride fair, despite her illness, who loves to host dinner parties, as well as Lensky’s second in the duel, depicted in the image of his friend, Mr. Zaretsky, who has extensive experience in conducting duels, is distinguished by common sense, a sharp mind, but at the same time possesses with an evil tongue, expressed in bad gossip, prudence, cunning. In his youth, Zaretsky manifests himself as a brawler, gambler and rake, remaining an old bachelor for the rest of his life, but at the same time having numerous illegitimate children from serf peasant women. As time passes, Zaretsky changes and, at the end of his life, is engaged in educating his children and quietly running the household.

Option 2

There are many heroes in the novel. The main characters of the novel are Evgeny Onegin and Tatyana Larina.

Eugene Onegin- nephew of a rich uncle who came to his village. His uncle soon died and left Evgeniy a decent inheritance. Onegin was born in St. Petersburg, a nobleman, he is 26 years old. Leads an idle lifestyle - balls, visiting theaters, dinner parties. Nothing is known about the mother; the father squandered the family fortune. Onegin received a home education - at first there was a governess, then she was replaced by a French tutor. No one was particularly interested in how he raised the boy.

He didn’t punish him much, he scolded him slightly. He took me for a walk to the Summer Garden. So such a young rake grew up. Dressed in the latest London fashion. Onegin learned early to manipulate women - to be a hypocrite, to conceal hope, to feign jealousy. This is not to say that he was a stupid young man - he read the works of the utopian socialist Adam Smith. But he didn’t understand poetry and prose - he couldn’t distinguish an iambic from a trochee.

Tatyana Larina – lives in the village with his parents and sister. She is 17 years old when she first meets Onegin. She does not have a bright attractive appearance, but she has a beautiful soul. Tatiana, unlike Onegin, reads romantic novels about love and dream books, which were so popular at that time. She believes in fortune telling, carols at Christmas time, and sleds down the hills in winter.

Minor characters

Vladimir Lensky – village neighbor of Onegin and Larins. He is also a young nobleman, only 18 years old, a poet and romantic. Handsome and rich. He studied the philosophy of Immanuel Kant and poetry in Germany. He is in love with Tatiana's sister Olga. Tragically dies in a duel at the hands of Onegin.

Praskovya Larina- mother of Tatyana and Olga, landowner. She manages the name herself, pickles mushrooms for the winter, and shaves the foreheads of serfs. She did not marry Dmitry Larin for love. At first I even wanted to kill myself. But then she fell in love with her husband, learned to manage him and calmed down.

Dmitry Larin- father of Olga and Tatyana. By the beginning of the events described in the novel, he had already died. I didn’t like to read, but I didn’t see much harm in it either. He loved his wife and indulged her whims in every possible way. In practice, the wife managed the estate, the serfs, and him.

Olga Larina- Tatyana's sister. Cute blonde. For Lensky, she is the female ideal. Because of her frivolous behavior, Onegin and Lensky quarreled. Vladimir challenged Evgeniy to a duel. After the death of Vladimir Lensky, she married a lancer.

Filipevna- an elderly serf woman who nursed Tatyana. She was forcibly married to a boy, Vanya, who was 13 years old.

Zaretsky- neighbor of the Larins and Onegin, in his youth a drunkard, gambler, reveler. A cunning and calculating person. He has illegitimate children. It was he who pushed Lensky to the duel. And he acted as his second.

Princess Alina- a relative of Praskovya Larina, living in Moscow. It is with her that the Larins stay when they come to the bride fair.

Tatiana's husband, Prince N- wounded general, participant in the war with Napoleon Bonaparte. He was treated favorably at court. Husband of Tatyana Larina.

Guillot- Onegin's servant. He agreed to be Onegin’s second.

Heroes of the work Eugene Onegin

The novel “Eugene Onegin” is the pearl of the works of A.S. Pushkin. The work is moralizing and the images of the characters show what is good and bad. In the creation, all attention is paid not only to the central characters, but also to the secondary ones. There are no bad or good characters here, they are all ambiguous and are not subject to harsh criticism.

The main characters are Tatyana Larina and Evgeny Onegin.

Onegin is a young rich nobleman, lives in St. Petersburg, he, like everyone else, metropolitan nobility spends his time at balls, in the theater and looking for new entertainment. In the novel, he is approximately 26 years old, carefully monitors his appearance, and dresses in fashion. Despite his idle life, he does not feel satisfied and is constantly sad. Onegin gained fame as a ladies' man, he is not a stupid young man, he has many talents, but in society he is considered only sweet and smart. Evgeny is an egoist, he is dependent on public opinion, he does not value his loved ones. His sincerity lies only in melancholy and indifference. For fear of falling in the eyes of society, he kills a friend.

Tatyana Larina is the daughter of a provincial nobleman. For Pushkin, she became the embodiment of Russian national character. She is quiet and calm; she prefers books to noisy companies. She feels more comfortable alone with herself. She is approximately 17 years old, her beauty is discreet, and she dresses simply. Despite his modesty, having fallen in love with Onegin, he takes the first step. As a result, having received a refusal, she pulls herself together and begins to live anew, marrying a worthy but unloved man. Two years later, she has the strength to refuse Onegin, despite her love. After all, she is faithful to her husband.

Minor characters are no less important in this work.

Vladimir Lensky is a young and rich nobleman. Onegin's best friend and his complete opposite. Vladimir is a dreamer, he believes in love, kindness and friendship. Since childhood, he has been in love with Olga Larina, the youngest of the sisters. Despite his great popularity among girls, Vladimir wants to marry Olga, writes and dedicates poetry to her. Lensky became jealous of the younger Larina for Onegin, and as a result died at the hands of a friend in a duel.

Olga Larina is Tatyana's younger sister, her opposite. She is a beautiful flirt, her character is not endowed with depth. The youngest Larina is cheerful, flighty and carefree. As a result of her frivolity and playfulness, Lensky dies in a duel. Olga does not mourn him for long and marries a young officer.

Praskovya Larina is the mother of Tatyana and Olga. In her youth she was a dreamy person. She loved one sergeant, but she was married off to another. At first she could not come to terms with this, but over time she got used to married life and learned to carefully manage her husband.

Tatyana Filipevna's nanny. A kind old woman, she has been caring for the eldest Larina since infancy, teaching her life stories and protects in every possible way.

Prince N is Tatiana's husband, his life is dedicated to serving the Motherland. He loves Tatyana and is ready to do anything for her.

Zaretsky is a neighbor and friend of Lensky and Onegin. Zaretsky is not stupid, but cruel and indifferent. After a stormy youth, he lives on his estate, has no wife, but has illegitimate children from peasant women. He was a second in Lensky's duel. He can be considered the most negative hero, because it was in his power to stop the duel and reconcile his friends.

Princess Alina is the sister of Praskovya Larina. Lives in Moscow, hosts the Larins when they come to the bride fair. She herself is an old maid, having never been married. Despite his old age, he continues to host receptions in his home.

The novel is timeless, this is one of greatest works, it was popular when written to this day.

Sample 4

The main character of the novel in verse by Alexander Pushkin is Evgeny Onegin. This is a young nobleman originally from St. Petersburg. It meets all the requirements of a representative high society that time. Evgeniy looks impeccable: dressed in the latest fashion, with a beautiful haircut. In society, he is considered a pleasant conversationalist for his ability to maintain a conversation on all sorts of topics, although he does not shine with special knowledge. Onegin is witty, fluent in French and a good dancer. He leads an idle lifestyle, knows all the secrets of seducing the ladies and enjoys great success with them. At the same time, he is a person satiated with life and cold in emotions. Idleness and monotony weigh on him. Onegin goes to the village to visit his seriously ill uncle and after his death assumes the rights of the owner of a rich estate and learns to manage the estate. He meets his young neighbor Lensky, and they become inseparable friends, although completely different in character. Taking offense at his friend over a trifle, Onegin, to spite him, courtes his bride at the ball. Conflict between friends leads to tragedy. Onegin kills Lensky in a duel. Evgeniy is shocked by the terrible event and goes abroad.

Tatyana Larina is the daughter of a provincial landowner, living in the wilderness, in a village. This is an inconspicuous, modest, thoughtful girl. She leads a solitary life and has no friends. Tatyana learns about the world through French novels and has a subtle, sensitive nature. Having met Onegin, the girl falls madly in love with him. He doesn't pay any attention to Tatyana. This forces her to be the first to confess her love to Eugene, which was completely unacceptable at that time. All the sadder for Tatyana is his refusal. A few years later they meet Onegin at a ball. Now she is a luxurious, self-confident socialite. What unites her with the former naive girl is the nobility of her soul and actions. She still loves Onegin, but refuses him a relationship, remaining faithful to her husband.

Vladimir Lensky is a rich neighbor of the Larins and Onegin. This is a handsome young man with shoulder-length black curls who was educated in Germany. He is a romantic poet, with a pure and naive soul, who believes in people. Vladimir has not yet been spoiled by the intrigues of high society. He has known Olga Larina since childhood and is in love with her. Their wedding is supposed to take place in two weeks, but life young man ends in a duel from Onegin's shot.

Olga is the younger sister of Tatyana Larina. This is a lovely flirty young lady. She is full of life, cheerful and carefree. Olga's frivolous behavior arouses jealousy in her fiancé Lensky and leads to his death. The girl does not grieve for long and marries a lancer.

Praskovya Larina is the mother of Tatyana and Olga. In her youth, Praskovya was in love with a sergeant, but she was forcibly married to Dmitry Larin and taken to the village. At first she cries and is bored, but gradually gets used to her husband and to village life. She takes the reins of government in the family into her own hands and manages not only the estate, but also her husband, who loves her endlessly and obeys her in everything. Their life passes measuredly and calmly. They honor and observe folk traditions, sometimes receive guests in the evenings. Already in old age, Praskovya becomes a widow.

Evgeny Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov studied together at the university and became friends; they participated in the same nihilist youth movement. Kirsanov was not actually a nihilist to the core like Bazarov

School! How much this word means to me. How much hidden awe lies hidden in him. I love and will always love this place where we spend all our childhood and youth.

The central character of "Eugene Onegin", a novel in verse, after which the work is named, is a native of St. Petersburg, a young nobleman, spoiled by social evenings and receptions. He is single and is capable of making a worthy match for any of the “elite” brides. Evgeniy’s manners are not just good, they are polished to shine. And it costs him nothing to turn the head of even the most selective lady.

Onegin is good-looking, courteous, educated, dressed in the latest fashion and closely follows appearance. Despite the fact that the hero has lived in the world for a little more than a quarter of a century and is constantly among noisy friends, his existence is poisoned depressive state. This “noble” blues is associated with the uncertainty in which Eugene lives. He gravitates towards a free, unencumbered life, but among the idle crowd he feels lonely. Pushkin’s hero does not yet know what he would like to devote his life to. Inconsistency in relationships, parties, small talk, where the hero has no equal, he was pretty tired of. But in order to devote himself to hard work, Onegin is too lazy. Perhaps this is how the “crisis of 30 years” crept up on the young master.

Finding himself at a crossroads, he comes to the deep province to take over the inheritance left to him by his dying uncle. Evgeniy stops at a new estate. And from the leisurely village life he begins to feel even more depressed. In order to somehow unwind, he makes friends with his neighbor, local romantic and poet Vladimir Lensky, who introduces him to the Larin family. Lensky wooes their youngest daughter Olga. Onegin immediately notes that her older sister is much more interesting. Tatyana falls in love with the city guest literally from the first minutes of their acquaintance. Raised on French novels, the girl writes a letter to the chosen one of her heart in French, where she confesses her love to him. But Evgeny rejects the girl’s ardor, since he understands that a party like Tatyana Larina was created exclusively for married relationships. The hero is not ready to get married yet.

Some time later, Lensky brings Onegin to a party at the Larins’ house. Tatiana's name day is being celebrated. Evgeniy becomes bored, he gets angry with his young friend and, for the sake of “humorous” revenge, dances and flirts with his fiancee. Out of jealousy, Lensky challenges the city slicker to a duel. The joke turns into tragedy - the young poet dies during a duel. Onegin leaves the village and goes on a long journey.

Returning to St. Petersburg two years later, the hero meets Tatyana, now a married lady, at a ball. Continuing to love him, the girl agreed to marry a rich man, Prince N. Now she is cold and unapproachable to Onegin. Seeing her differently, Evgeniy realizes that he is in love. He writes and gives letters to Tatyana, but receives no answers. Having achieved a personal meeting, Onegin passionately confesses his love. But the “new” Tatyana firmly refuses him, explaining that he was late, and she will never break her oath of fidelity to her husband. The hero is left alone and hears the steps of Prince N approaching.

Onegin Quotes

We all learned a little bit
Something and somehow
So upbringing, thank God,
It's no wonder to shine here...

You can be a smart person
And think about the beauty of your nails...

He who lived and thought cannot
Don't despise people in your heart...

How smaller woman we love,
The easier it is for her to like us
And the more likely we destroy her
Among seductive networks...

But pathetic is the one who foresees everything,
Whose head isn't spinning...

Dashing fashion, our tyrant,
The disease of the newest Russians...

And here is public opinion!
Spring of honor, our idol!
And this is what the world revolves on!...

Moscow... so much in this sound
For the Russian heart it has merged!
How much resonated in him!...

Talking too much
We are happy to accept...

Blessed is he who was young from his youth,
Blessed is he who matures in time...

Give me the forbidden fruit,
And without that, heaven is not heaven for you...

Love for all ages...

I thought: freedom and peace
Substitute for happiness.
My God! How wrong I was...

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin” became a breakthrough in the literature of that time. At that time, the Russian language was in a stage of active development and replenishment with new phrasal units. According to the same Pushkin, every person who writes in Russian was already a priori a writer - in order to express himself, it was necessary to come up with a certain turn of phrase, because such options did not exist in the language stock. Therefore, the appearance of a work of significant volume attracted the attention of readers.

Definition of genre

"Eugene Onegin" is a novel. Several factors indicate this.

Wide system of acting characters

All heroes can be divided into main and secondary. Some of them appear once in the text and then only for a few moments. The main array of events falls on 12 characters. Not all of them actively take part in the conflict that has arisen; some of them are represented by indirect action.

Portraying many aspects of life

The life of the main characters is described from different sides, multifaceted. The reader can see the character's action in different life situations, find out how he manifests himself in others social roles. For example, as a family member - in other words, how he treats his relatives, how social subject- this is how the character acts in society, as an employee - as a person fulfilling certain job requirements, etc.

Period

The events of the novel cover a time period of several years. This duration of action is also a characteristic of the novel as a genre.

Number of storylines

There are always several plot lines in a novel. There is no maximum allowed value for storylines. In "Eugene Onegin" the main story line lies in the relationship between Evgeny Onegin and Tatyana Larina.

There are also two side ones - the first concerns the friendship of Lensky and Onegin; the second is the love feeling between Olga Larina and Vladimir Lensky.

Lyrical digressions and explanations of the author

Characteristic feature the novel is also the presence lyrical digressions or additional information in the text itself, allowing a deeper understanding of the essence of what is happening. The most striking manifestations of “Eugene Onegin” in this regard are Tatiana’s dream, the girls’ songs, and the poetry of Vladimir Lensky.

Features of the genre

Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin" has elements of a socio-psychological novel. Alexander Sergeevich actively portrays the internal state of the characters, their spiritual doubts and searches.

Unexpected, sometimes extreme, events in the lives of characters allow us to more fully understand their character traits. Revealing dreams, daydreams, hidden desires contributes to the analysis of the subconscious part of the personality.

Another feature is that the novel is written in poetic form, in other words, it is a novel in verse.

Features of stanza

Since the novel has a poetic form, the main features of poetry should also be considered.
The work was written in a special stanza. Its rhyme scheme is depicted as follows: AbAb CCdd EffE gg. Let's decipher it.

The first four lines are connected by cross rhyme. In this case, the first and third lines are represented by a female rhyme, and the second and quadruple lines are represented by a masculine rhyme.

The next four lines are united by an adjacent rhyme, that is, they rhyme in two lines. The first two of them are feminine rhymes, the next two are masculine.

The next four lines are connected by a ring rhyme - the first line (also 9 in the general list of lines of verse in the novel) rhymes with the 4th (12 in the general list), and is a feminine rhyme, and the 2nd with the 3rd (10 and 11 respectively), and is represented by a masculine rhyme. The last two lines rhyme with each other in a masculine rhyme.

This type of stanza was called the Onegin stanza, since its initial identification was made precisely in this novel.

Novel structure

Initially, Pushkin outlined the volume of the novel at 9 chapters, but later changed his intention, reducing their number to eight. The fact is that the eighth chapter was supposed to describe Onegin’s trip to Odessa, but the objects depicted by Pushkin in this chapter could incur the wrath of the authorities, so Alexander Sergeevich not only abandons the idea of ​​publishing it, but also partially destroys the text of the chapter.

A characteristic feature of the chapters was that each of them is essentially a complete work and allows you to break off the narrative at any of them. In this way, the similarity with the manner of Byron's fragmentary presentation was emphasized.

Heroes of the novel

The system of the novel's heroes is quite simple - at the center of events there is a couple united by attraction to each other. They are joined by several groups minor characters, which contribute to the development of the conflict that has arisen between the two main characters. The text also contains episodic characters– their influence on the development of the plot is minimized; they were created by the author to create a certain mood in society.

The main characters of the novel

The main characters of Pushkin's novel are Evgeny Onegin and Tatyana Larina.

Eugene Onegin- a nobleman by birth, a wealthy young man, who by coincidence came to visit his dying uncle. His life is typical for young people of that period - balls, dinner parties, theaters. He is very popular in St. Petersburg society.

Tatyana Larina also a noblewoman, but her family is not so rich and famous. At the time of the beginning of events, she is 17 years old. Tatyana, at the time of the development of the main events, was deprived of the opportunity to actively visit secular society, led a quiet and secluded life in the village with her parents and sister.

Minor characters of the novel

The list of minor characters in Pushkin's novel is more voluminous.

• Vladimir Lensky- friend of Evgeny Onegin, nobleman. He is a poet and romantic. Lensky dies at the hands of Onegin in a duel;
• Praskovya Larina- mother of Tatyana and Olga. Sweetheart and kind woman old age;
• Dmitry Larin- landowner, father of Tatyana and Olga. He died before the start of the story;
• Olga Larina- The youngest daughter of Praskovya Larina and Tatyana’s sister. A frivolous and flirtatious girl. Her behavior becomes a prerequisite for the development of a conflict between Lensky and Onegin and, as a consequence, a duel;
• Filpyevna- serf peasant woman, nanny of Tatyana Larina. A good-natured and affectionate old lady;
• Prince N- landowner, husband of Tatyana Larina, relative of Evgeny Onegin;
• Zaretsky- landowner, Lensky's second in the duel, his friend and comrade of Eugene Onegin;
• Princess Alina- cousin of Praskovya Larina. Praskovya and Tatyana Larina stay in her house upon their arrival in Moscow.

History of writing and publication

The novel “Eugene Onegin” is not one of the works written in one go. It took Pushkin more than seven years to create the narrative. According to the author's own calculations, the exact period of writing is 7 years, 4 months and 17 days.

Pushkin began work on the text of the novel in Chisinau on May 9, 1823. It took more than 5 months to write it - the chapter was completed on October 22. This text was not the final version and subsequently underwent many revisions and changes. This chapter was first published in 1825.

Writing the second chapter was not such a long process. By December 8 of the same 1823, it was already ready, however, as in the case of the first chapter, this did not become the final version - the text was subject to correction and was first published in 1826.

Pushkin began writing the third chapter immediately. The process of writing it was quite long - about 8 months and on October 2, 1824 it was written in full. Pushkin was in no hurry to publish the chapter; readers saw it only in 1827.

The writing of the fourth chapter was interrupted from time to time. Pushkin was distracted by writing other works, so the whole process took a year and three months. The text was completed in January 1826. It was published in 1828 simultaneously with the fifth chapter.

The fifth chapter of the novel was also written intermittently. Pushkin began work on it two days before final version fourth chapter. The writing took 10 months. In November 1826, the chapter was already ready.

The manuscript of the sixth chapter has not survived, so there are no reliable dates indicating the period of its writing. Most likely, Pushkin began work on it immediately after finishing work on the fifth, and finished it in August 1827. It was published in March 1828.

The dates for the writing of the seventh chapter are also approximate. It is known that Pushkin began writing in August - September 1827, and finished in November 1828. It was published in March 1830.

The eighth chapter told about Onegin's journey; the completion of its work fell in September 1830, but in the light of political events, Pushkin abandoned the idea of ​​placing it as part of the novel. Only minor fragments of the chapter, published during the course of writing, have reached us. Full text The manuscript was destroyed by Pushkin.

The place of the deleted chapter was taken by a new one. It took 9 months to create it. It was ready in September 1830, and published in 1832 with the note “ Final chapter"Eugene Onegin"

In addition to fragments of chapter 8, a draft version of chapter 10 has also reached us. Presumably, this chapter was supposed to tell about Onegin’s trip to the Caucasus and his death, but there is no absolute certainty in this position.

“Eugene Onegin” was published as a separate book in 1833, its next publication took place in 1837.

Prototypes of "Eugene Onegin"

The novel “Eugene Onegin” is devoid of precise references to real people. Many alleged prototypes were discovered by writers and literary researchers after some time and are based on the similarity of certain events or character traits.

Chaadaev could very likely become the prototype of Onegin. He has some biographical similarities with Onegin. It may also be that this image arose under the impressions of Childe Harold and Don Juan - heroes of Byron's works.

In the image of Lensky one can easily read the resemblance to Kuchelbecker.

Other characters lack prototypes (or their prototypes were not discovered or announced by the author) and are collective images.

Byronism and the concept of the “superfluous man”

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin admired the works of J. Byron, so it is not surprising that Pushkin took over some elements characteristic of Byron’s work for himself.

Alexander Sergeevich planned to write a novel within the framework of realism, but he failed to fully implement his intention - the first chapters of the novel are marked by inclusions of romanticism, and the main character is similar to a classic Byronic hero.

Evgeny Onegin is in search of himself and his meaning in life. He cannot find solace in conventional activities and, as a result, wastes his life.

Pushkin's Byronism skillfully reunited with a unique phenomenon in Russian literature - the concept of the “Superfluous Man.” The features of such a phenomenon are embodied in the image of Eugene Onegin.

The hero, like generally accepted traditions, leads his life. He received a decent education, has a talent for eloquence, and is quite in demand in society. He leads an idle way of life - for that time - this is not an innovation, but the norm, but soon this state of affairs begins to weigh on him. Since the image of Onegin is devoid of zeal for hard work - he does something only during the period of passion for a new process. As soon as the novelty fades into the background, Onegin loses interest in the activity. This state of affairs does not allow him to achieve significant results in any type of activity, which increases the state of melancholy and spleen.

At the end of the story, the Extra Person dies (in most cases this is due to illness). It is impossible to say for sure whether Pushkin planned to kill his hero. The preserved fragments of Chapter 10 make it possible to admit such a possibility.

Themes and problems of the novel

Like any novel, “Eugene Onegin” has diverse problems and themes.

Opportunity to realize oneself in society

How to find your place in life and society, organize yourself and your leisure time? What's the point human life? "Eugene Onegin" is not without philosophical basis. Pushkin examines and analyzes the life and principles of the contemporary aristocracy and tries to determine the path of human development.

Tolerance towards others

Man is social. His activities are inconspicuously connected with the interactions of other people. The novel clearly shows how ignoring such principles as tolerance and the ability to delicately express one’s position can cause irreversible tragic consequences.

Friendship

Communication between people often goes beyond the boundaries of acquaintance. From time to time, under the influence of common interests, views, or, conversely, the dissimilarity of the heroes, with the active interest of one of them in other types of activities, unknown or little known to him.

Love

Romantic feelings often become the cause of emotional distress and personal tragedies. What happens when one character plays with the feelings of another and is it possible to live fully after the disappointment of first love? – Pushkin is actively looking for answers to these questions.

Duty, pride and honor

The life of an aristocrat is integral to such concepts as duty, pride and honor. Actions and words of the representative high society should not go beyond the bounds of decency, he must maintain the proper level of honor and not stoop to shameful acts.

Attachment to public opinion

People do many things under the influence of public opinion. The disastrous result of such activity is demonstrated in the episode with the duel between Lensky and Onegin. Young people still have time to explain themselves, make peace and avoid a duel, but they do not do this, since it is contrary to public opinion.

Thus, the novel by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin is written in a realistic manner, but is not devoid of elements characteristic of romanticism. The wide structure of images allows you to fully reveal the problems and topics that interest the author.

Plan of characterization of a literary hero:
1. Where was Onegin born and lives, what is his position in society?
2. What kind of education did Onegin receive? Was such an education an exception among the nobility?
3. What does Onegin do, what is his hobby, what books does he read?
4. How did social life affect Onegin?
5. What characteristics of the hero does the author of the novel who befriends him note?
6. What is Onegin doing in the village?
7. What does Tatyana learn about Onegin in his house?
8. How does the author of the novel evaluate Onegin’s response to Tatyana’s letter?
9. Why did Onegin accept Lensky’s challenge?
10. How do you feel after the duel and travel?
11. What does Onegin’s meeting with Tatyana in high society bring?

Onegin is a young metropolitan aristocrat of the 20s of the 19th century, who received a typical aristocratic education under the guidance of tutors. They taught him “everything in jest,” “something and somehow,” but Onegin still received that minimum of knowledge that was considered mandatory among the nobility: he knew little classic literature, Roman and Greek, superficially - history, even had an idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe political economy of Adam Smith. Such an education, impeccable French, elegant manners, wit and the art of maintaining a conversation make him, in the opinion of society, a brilliant representative of the secular youth of his time. It took Onegin about eight years to live a social life. But he was smart and stood significantly above the crowd surrounding him. No wonder he felt disgusted with his empty and idle life. A “sharp, chilled mind” and satiety with the pleasures of the world led to Onegin’s deep disappointment with life. Languishing with boredom, Onegin tries to look for the meaning of life in some activity. He was attracted literary work. But the attempt to write “yawning”, out of boredom, could not, of course, be crowned with success. The system of his upbringing, which did not accustom him to work, also took revenge for itself: “nothing came from his pen.”
Onegin begins to read. And this activity did not produce results: Onegin “read and read, but to no avail,” and covered the shelf of books with “mourning taffeta.”

In the village where Onegin left St. Petersburg to receive an inheritance, he makes another attempt practical activities. Onegin's character is revealed further in the following plot plan: friendship with Lensky, acquaintance with Tatyana Larina, duel with Lensky, travel, love for Tatyana and last meeting with her. As the action of the novel develops, the complexity of Onegin's nature is revealed. Onegin appears in the novel as a bright, extraordinary personality. This is a person who clearly stands out from the surrounding society, both in his natural talent and in his spiritual needs.

“A sharp, chilled mind”, “involuntary devotion to dreams”, dissatisfaction with life - this is what created Onegin’s “non-imitative strangeness” and elevated him above the environment of “proud insignificance”. Following the characterization of Onegin in the first chapter, Pushkin recalls his dreams of freedom (“Will the hour of my freedom come?”) and adds:

Onegin was ready with me
See foreign countries."

These lines shed light on another important feature of Onegin’s mental makeup - his love of freedom. “Do you know me? “Yes and no…” Pushkin asks and answers, as if doubting that the reader will correctly understand Onegin’s complex social type. And the hero of the novel was really such a social type, the individual features of which Pushkin could reveal only by hints. “Oneginism” was a common phenomenon in Russia in the years when the novel was written. An explanation for this phenomenon must be sought in the socio-political situation of the country. In the 20s, the “beautiful beginning of Alexander’s days” had already passed, replaced by a reaction. Destiny the best people Russian society became bored and disappointed. Noting precisely this, Pushkin wrote in 1828 about Prince P. Vyazemsky: “How could he maintain his cheerfulness in Rus'?” True, in the circles of the most advanced Russian society, a political movement was already brewing, which later led to the Decembrist uprising. But it was a secret movement that did not include everyone advanced people. The majority of the Russian intelligentsia had no choice but to either go into service, i.e. join the crowd of “voluntary hoppers”, or stand aside from the government policy, remaining idle observers public life.

Onegin chose the second. Onegin's position is that of an idle man, but this position was a form of protest against official Russia. Onegin's tragedy lay in his “spiritual emptiness”, i.e. the fact that he did not have a positive program, high goals that would fill his life with social content. His life is a life “without purpose, without work.” Without taking the side of the government, Onegin does not participate in the fight against government reaction. He stays away from the action historical forces, expressing dissatisfaction with life only in the “anger of gloomy epigrams.” This passivity was also facilitated by certain qualities of his character: a lordly aversion to work; the habit of “freedom and peace”, lack of will and pronounced individualism (or “egoism”, as Belinsky puts it). Onegin has earned the right to be in charge actor novel, but life doomed him to the role of the main inactive person in history. Onegin's lot becomes the life of a wanderer and loneliness. Returning to St. Petersburg after the trip, he “seems a stranger to everyone.” He turns out to be an “extra person” in his society. This is the name given to people who, towering above environment, turned out to be unadapted to the struggle of life and suffered a downfall both in public life and in personal life.

The novel ends with the scene of Onegin meeting Tatiana after a three-year separation. How it turned out further fate Onegin? There is reason to think that the shock experienced by Onegin could have contributed to his revival. Indeed, the surviving excerpts of the tenth (burned) chapter of the novel suggest that the author intended to introduce Onegin to the Decembrist circle. But this one new page The hero's life was only outlined by the author, but not revealed. In the novel, Onegin appears as a living symbol " extra people"of his era.

Let's summarize what we read.

Evgeny Onegin is a young man, a St. Petersburg aristocrat, who received a superficial education at home, divorced from the national soil.

The French governor did not care about moral education Evgenia, did not accustom him to work, so the main occupation of Onegin, who entered adulthood, is the pursuit of pleasure.

An idea of ​​how he lived for eight years in St. Petersburg is given by the description of one day of the hero. The lack of serious business and constant idleness bored the hero and led him in his young years to disappointment in social life. Trying to get down to business does not bring results, since he does not know how to work.

Life in the village did not become a salvation for him, since a change of environment without work
above oneself, internal spiritual rebirth did not save Onegin from the blues.

It is important to see how the hero manifests himself in friendship and love. We come to the conclusion that Onegin, who conquered secular beauties, acted nobly towards Tatiana.

Her letter became an example for him of something else, spiritual attitude to love. He openly admitted that he appreciates the girl’s purity and sincerity, but his feelings are devastated, he is unable to love, the ideal of family happiness is not for him:
Found my former ideal,
I would probably choose you alone
To the friends of my sad days,
All the best as a pledge,
And I would be happy... as much as I could!
But I'm not made for bliss:
My soul is alien to him...