E. Kameneva
What did the apples tell you?
The pictures are different. Some depict nature, others depict portraits of people or some events.
But there are those where the main “characters” are flowers, fruits, books, pencils, a hammer, a plane, a violin... These paintings have a special name - “still life”. " Still life“- the word is French and translated into Russian means “inanimate nature”.
We are always surrounded by things. We get used to them, sometimes we even stop noticing them. And the artist has a keen, inquisitive gaze. In the simplest, most ordinary object, he can see the unusual, the beautiful, and depicts it. What we sometimes look at indifferently in the picture surprises and pleases with its unexpected beauty.
Another thing is interesting. The same jug or teapot will always look different on the canvases of different masters.
After all, every master is a special, unique artist. And he sees in his own way and conveys what he saw in his own way. Everything he experienced and felt is put into his work.
Let's try to look at the world through the eyes of artists.
Artist, birds and grapes
Once upon a time in Ancient Greece There lived an artist named Apelles. One day he depicted grapes in a painting. He left the picture on the terrace and left. When he returned, he was amazed to see that birds had flocked to her and were trying to peck at the berries. The grapes were painted so skillfully, the ripe bunches were so golden, that the birds took them for real. People admired Apelles' skill. This picture has not survived to this day. And the story about her turned into a legend.
IN different countries And in our old days, artists also loved to paint so that everything would be like in life.
Silence and peace emanate from the still life of the old Russian master Grigory Teplov. It feels somehow homely here. It seems that the owners lived leisurely and the artist worked slowly, carefully writing out all the details. The gilded pattern on the book bindings and the old album with sheet music are clearly visible. Perhaps you can play a melody written on these notes on the piano.
In the center of the picture, on a blue ribbon, hangs a clock. At that distant time watches were rare and people were proud of them. Therefore, even the smallest details of the dial are very important and interesting for the artist.
The master depicted in detail and attentively an overseas bird - a bright green parrot perched on a shelf.
These ancient still lifes were called “tricks”. The shape of things and their color are depicted so believably in the paintings that the viewer could be deceived and mistake them for real.
Fyodor Tolstoy depicted flowers in a vase with the same authenticity. Every stem is visible through the greenish transparency of the glass; drops of dew tremble on the pink petals.
Look: the butterfly, as if alive, flew in and sat on the vase. It seems that now she will take off and fly away.
Everything is written out so accurately, as if the bird, butterfly and orange caterpillar were specially posed for the artist.
Large tray and small peaches
Before the master picks up brushes and paints, he first thinks about his still life. He examines different things, selects them, places them together, then away from each other... He “makes up” a still life, or, as they say, creates its composition. And only then does he begin to depict it all on canvas.
The largest object in Pavel Kuznetsov's painting is a brightly painted tray. Right there, in the middle of the table, the artist placed a teapot, a cup, and a glass bottle.
And in the foreground lie peaches and a knife. It would seem that they could be located in any other place in the picture. But this is where the artist needs the peaches. Try to close them with your hand, and you will see that the front has become empty, the tray seems to have become twice as heavy, larger, and the stability of the composition has been disrupted.
Take your hand away - balance will return to the picture. That's the important role these little peaches play. Every detail in a still life is thought out. It is no coincidence that the artist depicted light peaches: their color harmonizes with the pink tones on the tray and not only makes the composition even more stable, but gives the still life a special elegance and expressiveness.
When colors live together
Still life painting oil paints on canvas. And gouache and watercolor on paper.
Flowers artist Arthur Fonvizin wrote watercolor paints. He loved watercolors for their tenderness and transparency. I diluted the paints with water, and they flowed over a sheet of paper, softly shimmering from one tone to another, creating color richness. In some places the watercolor is so transparent that the paper shines through it and the vague outlines of the flowers seem to melt into the air. And sometimes the brush makes a thick stroke - and a velvety, delicate petal appears.
The colors in Fonvizin’s painting do not argue with each other, they live in harmony. This “commonwealth” of colors is called color. Thanks to him, the artist managed to convey the beauty of the bouquets, and even the most elusive things - air and quivering light.
The artist Ilya Mashkov was also a wonderful colorist. How skillfully and beautifully he selected yellow, green, gray, and purple tones in his still life “Bananas and Pineapples.” In the center of the composition are two pineapples with dense skins of scales. Here are the cut slices. It seems that touch them and thick, aromatic juice will flow. And for those who find pineapple not sweet enough, there is a sugar bowl with sugar.
Breakfast on a pink table
On the table there is a small samovar, a glass, eggs, flowers... The objects lie in front of us, clearly in the palm of our hand. Their form is clear and distinct.
The edges of the samovar, polished to a shine by someone’s caring hand, sparkle merrily. The reflection of the table can be seen in its mirror surface. Here and there the artist used very light strokes. And immediately the sun sparkled and sparkled on the glass of unfinished tea, on the glass vase, on the lid of the samovar.
The whole picture shines like a transparent summer morning. No wonder the author Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin called it “Morning Still Life”.
Usually a still life does not depict a person. He is not here either. But we feel his invisible presence. After all, it was a man who collected and placed blue bells and yellow daisies in a vase; he was recently sitting and drinking tea... And it involuntarily seems that this man is very close.
To enhance the feeling of human closeness, Petrov-Vodkin depicted a dog. A big red dog is patiently waiting for his owner.
Flowers that will never wither
One day, the artist brought branches of fragrant lilac into the house, and his workshop was filled with aroma. He admired the flowers. What bright and delicate colors, how many shades of violet, lilac, lilac!
The flowers were nice. But as time passes, they will fade and crumble. The master wanted to preserve their lush but short flowering forever.
And now in front of us in the painting of Pyotr Konchalovsky is this bouquet. Decisive, broad strokes seem to sculpt the shape of each flower and the entire bouquet as a whole. This free style of painting especially clearly conveys the artist’s delight in the generous beauty of nature.
What did the apples tell you?
Still life is not just an image of some things. It has meaning, content.
Here are the apples painted by Konchalovsky. Pink, yellow, greenish with red barrels... Quite ripe, full of juice, fragrant. They must have just been collected. The morning cool still lies on the blue-green leaves. We look at the apples, and they tell us about the beautiful garden where they grew, about the apple trees, bending their branches under the weight of the fruit.
Things depicted in still lifes can tell a lot. About myself, about people, about the time in which they lived.
In the first harsh years after the revolution and civil war I was hungry. Potatoes, herring and black bread were considered simply a feast. Therefore, it is no coincidence that they became the “heroes” of Petrov-Vodkin’s still life.
It would seem, what is beautiful and interesting about potatoes? Or in herring? Is it worth writing them at all?
But look what miracles the artist creates. You can’t take your eyes off the herring - it’s so beautiful. How many shades did the master find for her - silver-gray, pearl, blue... Potatoes and bread are painted in delicate colors.
In those same years, the artist Mashkov created his “Still Life with a Samovar.” Metal utensils sparkle with a cold shine. Even the copper pans smell cold, and we feel somehow sad to look at them.
Then the houses were dark, there was no heat, there was not enough coal to heat the samovar or iron. So the things are standing on the table closely, as if they are huddling together, trying to keep warm. How skillfully their shape, color, and material from which they are made are conveyed.
Mashkov depicted the most modest ordinary objects, but with the power of his talent he was able to reveal a deeper meaning in this still life. He told us about the difficult post-revolutionary time.
Holiday in the picture
Years have passed. People's lives have changed. The houses became warm, the light bulbs lit up brightly, and there was a lot of everything in the shops.
Mashkov rejoices at this abundance and enthusiastically paints a still life with bread. The lush, rosy bread still breathes the heat of the oven from which it was taken out. And what is there not! Rolls and loaves, rolls with a crispy crust! Yummy pretzel! As if the hospitable owner was preparing to welcome guests.
The yellow, brown, and reddish tones of the picture convey the warmth of the bread. We can even smell it. The one you hear when you walk past the bakery. Mashkov turns the image of ordinary bread into an elegant, cheerful holiday.
The artist brings joy
In autumn, all kinds of fruits ripen in the valleys of Armenia. At this time of year, the artist Martiros Saryan liked to come here. I watched how people cut heavy bunches of grapes, how they carefully removed ripe fruits from trees, how they put them in tall wicker baskets, and then small gray donkeys took them away. And Saryan writes all this with broad, bold strokes. He does not try to depict details, like F. Tolstoy. Fruits and flowers on his canvases seem flat, not voluminous. For Saryan, the main thing is their colors. After all, he saw the world so bright, so juicy!..
He was attracted by red, yellow, purple flowers, dazzlingly elegant huge bouquets in simple glass jars or clay jugs.
And this still life by Saryan can be called a song about the harvest. Before us are red flaming pomegranates, golden quinces, fragrant peaches, apples, pears...
The artist worked right in the open air, and therefore in the distance, in the lilac-blue haze, mountains with a snow-white cap on the top are visible. But this picture is not only about beauty. It is also about the great work of man, about his strong hands that grew the fruits of the earth, and about the hot sun that gave them juice.
Saryan’s canvases are full of jubilant joy. He admires his homeland - Armenia and makes us admire its gifts.
So we visited the world of things together with the artists. And although the word “still life” means “inanimate nature,” there is so much life in these paintings! How many good feelings and thoughts they gave us!..
An artist, working on a still life, seems to be talking with things, penetrating their quiet life, so that he can then tell people about it with colors.
And if you begin to look carefully at what surrounds you, perhaps you will discover beauty that you had not noticed before.
Kameneva, E.O. What the apples told us / E.O. Kameneva. - M.: Malysh, 1986. - 27 s.
Most educated people who consider themselves intellectuals are well versed in art. But many of them know only the most famous paintings by artists. This is not surprising, because you cannot be savvy in all areas of knowledge, unless, of course, you are Anatoly Wasserman. That is why we have prepared a description of the painting “Morning Still Life” by Petrov-Vodkin to fill this gap in the public’s knowledge of art.
Biography
Kuzma Sergeevich Petrov-Vodkin lived a rather interesting life.
He shining example how a man from the lower strata of society, almost illiterate, was able to become a professor at the Academy of Arts and head the Leningrad Union of Artists. He comes from the small town of Khvalynsk. It was there that he spent his childhood, where he received his first drawing lessons from local icon painters. Then Kuzma entered the Samara painting class of F. Burov. It was here that the formation of the artist’s unique style began. Its further art education continued in St. Petersburg. Art school gave him the basis that was reflected in a rethought form in all the works of Petrov-Vodkin. One of the artist’s first works was the painting “In a Cafe”.
"Bathing the Red Horse" was next big picture artist.
The description of the painting “Morning Still Life” by Petrov-Vodkin, which will be given below, arouses curiosity. This is not the artist’s most famous painting, but it is one of those that were painted in their own, unique style.
The history of the creation of “Morning Still Life”
The year was 1918. Just ended October Revolution, but its effects are still visible in the city. The new government turned out to be favorable to Petrov-Vodkin, who had absolutely no understanding of politics, and did not even try to do so. It was in 1918 that Kuzma Sergeevich became a teacher at the Academy of Arts. The creativity of this period is aimed at understanding the revolution and its consequences.
The history of the creation of the painting “Morning Still Life” by Petrov-Vodkin is quite interesting. In a period of eternal shortage of food and, as a result, hunger, the artist does not despair. He is trying to convey to the people through his still lifes that they need to appreciate every moment of their life. A description of the painting “Morning Still Life” by Petrov-Vodkin will be given below, but for now let’s look at stylistic features canvases. It is made in a realistic manner, which is not entirely typical for the artist. But Kuzma doesn’t change his favorite colors. The canvas is painted in the artist’s three favorite colors: yellow, blue and red.
Artist's intention
The main idea of the painting “Morning Still Life” (Petrov-Vodkin) is to convey the exciting moment of the early morning. The sunset, which every village person watched every day, now becomes something wonderful. Few people are willing to trade 2 hours of sleep for 15 minutes of admiring the first rays of the sun. Petrov-Vodkin grew up in the village, and he had the opportunity to see many sunrises and sunsets. That is why in 1918, at the moment of birth new system authorities, Kuzma Sergeevich decides to paint the sunrise. This subtle allegory is barely visible, but if you look closely, it is visible in many details of the picture. The artist tried to show that any morning happy person should start with sunshine and strong tea. The description of the painting “Morning Still Life” by Petrov-Vodkin can be given very briefly: the breakfast of a village man who is in need, but at the same time does not lose heart and knows how to find joy in every moment of life.
Description
Painting by artist Petrov-Vodkin “Morning Still Life” is not the most outstanding canvas, but one of the most comfortable. You can see tenderness in every detail here. The painting depicts a cat and a dog. The cat sits on the owner's lap, and the dog is opposite them. It is clear that the artist loves animals, and even despite everyday difficulties, he finds the time and desire to care for his pets. There is a bouquet of wildflowers on the table. From the fact that the bouquet contains bells and dandelions, it is clear that the flowers were just picked, because in the picture they are depicted fresh, and as you know, when cut, these plant varieties quickly wither. It is clear that it is unlikely that the artist collected flowers for himself. Most likely, he collected them for his beloved wife or daughter. There is a meager breakfast on the table - 2 eggs and a box of matches. The box most likely contains salt - it was very difficult to get after the revolution. The still life exudes kindness and freshness. The artist managed to stop one moment and managed to do it perfectly.
Lesson summary
"The world of things - still life"
Objective of the lesson: introduce the history of the emergence of the genre of art - still life.
Lesson objectives:
Introduce students to the genre of “still life”;
Show the meaning and place of still life in art, the role and significance of things in human life;
Materials and equipment:
For the teacher: reproductions of paintings by artists, dictionary of terms, computer, classical music in instrumental arrangement.
Lesson progress
Hello. Our lesson today will begin somewhat unusually, and you will help me with this. I ask (I invite 2 assistants) to go to the board and act out a scene from the students’ lives.
Scene
(A girl stands near the easel and draws a still life; a boy enters the class and approaches the girl)
Boy: Hello! What are you doing?
Girl: I'm making a still life.
Boy: What?
Girl: I want to draw a still life. Do you remember Oksana Valerievna reading us a poem?
Boy: I don't remember something.
Girl: We'll remind you now.
(3 people go to the center of the class and read the poem “About Pictures”)
1 student:
If you see in the picture -
A river is drawn
Or spruce and white frost,
Or a garden and clouds,
Or a snowy plain
Or a field, or a hut,
Required picture
Called scenery.
2nd student:
If you see what's in the picture
Does anyone look at us?
Or a prince in an old cloak,
Or like a steeplejack,
Pilot or ballerina,
Or Kolka, your neighbor,
Required picture
Called portrait.
3rd student:
If you see in the picture
Cup of coffee on the table
Or fruit drink in a large decanter,
Or a rose in crystal,
Or a bronze vase,
Or a pear, or a cake,
Or all items at once,
Know what it is - still life.
(Students take their seats, the skit continues.)
Boy: Oh, it talked about pears and cakes, and also about coffee, but you only have a vase.
Girl: But with flowers!
Boy: Are you drawing, then?
Girl: Don't interfere.
Boy: Here you are drawing a still life, but you probably don’t know when and where it first appeared, what artists worked on the still life?!
Girl: And you're right, I know absolutely nothing about this.
(The teacher enters the class)
Teacher: Hello guys! What are you doing here today?
Girl: So I decided to draw a still life, but I know absolutely nothing about it.
Boy: Tell us in detail about the history of still life.
Teacher: I will be happy to share my knowledge with you, and you listen very carefully. (Children sit in their seats).
2. Presentation of new material accompanied by slides
We are always surrounded by things. We get used to them, sometimes we stop even noticing them. But an artist, with an inquisitive, keen eye, can see the unusual and beautiful in the simplest, most ordinary object. What we sometimes look at indifferently in a picture surprises and pleases, and can even tell about a person, his habits, way of life, social status...
And the topic of our lesson today will be: “The world of things - still life.”
Question: You know the word “still life” very well. What is this?
(Students' answers)
"Still life" comes from French nature morte, which literally means “dead nature”, is a genre of fine art that is dedicated to the depiction of things surrounding a person, usually placed in a real everyday environment and compositionally organized into a single group.
In addition to inanimate objects, still life also depicts objects of living nature, isolated from natural connections and thereby turned into a thing - fish on the table, flowers in a bouquet, fruits in a dish, etc.
Question: Can a still life include people, animals, birds, and insects?
Complementing the main motif, a still life may include images of people, animals, birds, and insects.
Still life motifs, as details of composition, are already found in the art of the Ancient East and antiquity. Their images usually served to characterize a person, indicating his position and occupation.
In the paintings of Ancient Egypt or Mesopotamia, we see the staffs of kings, weapons of warriors, ritual objects of mythical characters - gods and heroes, as well as household items - various vessels and bowls, baskets of tax collectors, scribe and builder accessories, musical instruments and pieces of furniture.
The masters of Ancient Greece created beautiful works, but their paintings were destroyed over time and have not reached us.
However, we know that in the late period of their history, the ancient Greeks achieved such a technique for conveying what was depicted that sometimes their creations seemed alive. About two and a half thousand years ago, as legend says, two Greek artists argued among themselves which of them was the better painter. One was called Zeuxistus, the other Parrhasius.
A year later they finished their paintings.
The painting by Zeuxis depicted large grapes with a matte coating, brightly shining in the sun. Its green leaves seemed to tremble in the wind. The birds in the garden, seeing a bunch of grapes, flew up to the painting and began pecking at the berries.
After this, Parrhasius showed his picture. It depicted a white curtain, behind which an image seemed to be hidden. Zeuxis quickly approached the painting and tried to push back the curtain, deciding that it was real.
The winner of the competition was Parrhasius, who managed to deceive the artist's keen eye.
Wall decoration became very popular in Ancient Rome. The walls of villas, tombs, residential buildings and public buildings were covered with frescoes and mosaics, showing special interest in detail and achieving such a technique for conveying what was depicted that sometimes their creations seemed alive.
The Romans loved to depict baskets with flowers and fruits, fish and seafood, vegetables and game, eggs and chickens, as well as the remains of festive feasts. These images are distinguished by their amazing life-like authenticity and plastic expressiveness, which speaks of the keen observation skills of ancient masters.
The art of the Middle Ages was focused on subjects of a religious nature; its masters were not interested in the materiality of things.
During the Renaissance, artists regained their interest in the material world. But, as an independent genre, still life appears in Western European art only at the end of the 16th - beginning of the 17th centuries, thanks to the innovative genius of Caravaggio, who chose an ordinary basket with apples, grapes and figs as the subject of one of his most famous paintings, “Fruit Basket.” , kept in the Ambrosiana Gallery in Milan. And it reached a special peak in the 17th century, primarily in Holland and Spain.
In Dutch, the genre of depicting objects of inanimate nature is more closely related to the word - stilleven - “quiet life”.
“The quiet life of things” has always attracted Dutch painters. But, if earlier the image of objects real world had a purely symbolic meaning and was reduced to a simple enumeration, now it presents the viewer with a single ensemble that has a hidden edifying meaning.
Such paintings were in great demand, they were intended to decorate the interiors of dining rooms: lovers of noisy hunting fun asked to paint “hunting trophies”, simpler city dwellers ordered small still lifes - “breakfasts” - often modest, but sometimes very solemn, flower lovers - depictions of compositions with flowers and fruits, and if a person thought about life, then philosophical still lifes appeared.
Dutch still life is distinguished by an abundance of different types of this genre: "dead game"(Abraham van Beyeren) "fish"(Abraham van Beyeren) "flowers and fruit" (Jan David de Heem), "breakfast"(Willem Claes Heda), allegorical still life - Vanitas - “vanity of vanities” (Peter Claes), where each object symbolizes something.
In Dutch still life there is always a sense of calm contemplation and a special love for rendering real forms surrounding things, special attention to the transfer of the light environment, the varied texture of materials, the subtlety of tonal relationships and color structure.
Let's look at two works by Dutch artists Willem Claes Heda, "Breakfast with Blackberry Pie" and Jan van Huysum, "Flowers."
Question: What is shown in these paintings?
(Students' answers)
In the history of art, two main types of still life have emerged. In the first, things speak not about themselves, but about their owner. This is like an indirect characteristic of him. The man is invisibly present in the picture, and sometimes it seems as if he has just walked away and might return immediately.
In another type of still life, objects are depicted as something valuable in themselves. They speak first of all about themselves, as if inviting the viewer to admire the beauty of their appearance, shape and color.
Question: Which work of which artist can we attribute to the first type of still life, and which to the second?
(Students' answers)
Almost three centuries later, another Dutch artist, Vincent Van Gogh, painted flowers. He wrote very simply, without external comparisons, beautiful layout. I wrote what I saw.
Question: Consider the artist’s work “Sunflowers”, what feelings arise in you?
(Students' answers)
Combinations of simple objects can express a variety of feelings. In the Museum of Fine Arts in Moscow there is a still life by Henri Matisse “Red Fishes”. What could be more ingenuous? Red fish swim in the aquarium and that's it. But the composition awakens feelings in us.
Question: What feelings does Matisse’s painting “Red Fishes” awaken in you?
(Students' answers)
3. Summing up the lesson. Quiz.
Quiz questions:
In what century, where was the birth of still life as an independent genre?
How is the expression translated? nature morte?
What do the Dutch call the art of depicting things?
Were things depicted in ancient times? In which states?
Name a few artists who worked in the “still life” genre?
What are the two main types of still life paintings?
“The Art of Still Life” - A. Pereda. French school Still life with art attributes. Abraham Mignon (1640-1679) (?). Willem Claes Heda. 1594 - between 1680 and 1682. French school. Oil. 1976. Oil. 1979. The most common type of still life is the depiction of household items. Oil. 1882-1883.
"Dutch still life" - Flemish school painting. Flemish school. Still life is the depiction of inanimate objects in painting or graphics. Dutch still life. Peter Claes. Willem Claes Heda. Ian Faith. What is still life? Fish shop. A butterfly born from a cocoon means resurrection. Still life. Dutch still life XVII V.
“IZO Still Life” - What color palette is the still life made in (warm, cold)? Determine the lighting of the still life (artificial lighting, direct natural, natural diffused). In which image is the correct size of the still life chosen? I. Grabar. Determine the type of still life: realistic, decorative, abstract. Untidy table.
“Still life genre” - Drawing. Schemes of solutions for static and dynamic compositions. Ancient Egypt. Drawing Painting Graphics DPI Sculpture. Color. Image objective world– still life. Still life in warm and cold colors. Still life in fine arts. Expressive possibilities of still life. Untidy table.
“Still Lifes by I.I. Mashkov” - Why do you think the artist arranged the objects this way? Still Life (1912). It was in still life that I.I. Mashkov reached the heights of full-blooded pictorial realism. The painter’s canvases awaken a cheerful, joyful feeling. Still life with a skull. Find synonyms for the words: fragrant - red -. Still life with pomegranates.
“Still life lesson” - Fizminutka. Side lighting. Unlike, for example, showing the same reproduction from a book! Still life with bird cherry. K. Monet. Kheda V.-K. Sequence of work execution. allows extensive use of the visual channel. Let's continue working! The ninth wave. P. Konchalovsky, I. Still lifes, once painted by artists, tell us not only about things.
Visual arts 6th grade
Lesson topic. What does a still life tell?
Lesson type: combined lesson
Objective of the lesson: expanding knowledge about genre features
still life, drawing on the theme: “Books on the table.”
Lesson objectives:
Educational: show the expressive possibilities of still life and its
compositional possibilities;
teach the basics of linear perspective;
learn to analyze works of art.
Educational: develop observational, creative and
cognitive activity, ability to use
means of expression and composition
regularities of the genre.
Educational: education of aesthetic sensitivity,
observation;
show the meaning of things in a person’s life;
nurturing positive emotional attitude
to the world.
Lesson equipment: multimedia presentation
Epigraph: “As you are, so are the sleighs”
Lesson progress
1. Organizational moment
2. Motivation educational activities
Guys, today in class we are going to get to know a genre that you already know well. But today we also recognize this genre from other, previously unknown sides. Let's remember the poetic riddle of the poet and musician Grigory Gladkov to find out what genre we will talk about today.
(Slide No. 1)
If you see in the picture
Cup of coffee on the table
Or fruit drink in a large decanter,
Or a rose in crystal,
Or a bronze vase,
Or a pear or a cake,
Or all items at once,
-
Know that this is... a still life.
(Slide No. 2)
Announcing the topic of the lesson.
Updating of reference knowledge
Questions for students:
1. Please remember how to briefly define what a still life is?
2. Is the still life genre relevant for all types of fine art?
3. What is the main thing? means of expression uses painting?
(Slide No. 3)
4. What means of expression is the main one for graphics?
(Slide No. 4)
5. Which of the expressive means of sculpture can be called the main one?
(Slide No. 5)
Guess game.
Let's, guys, remember other genres of fine art.
The teacher announces the name of the painting, and the students guess the genre of the image (determining the genre of fine art by the title) and only then the image is shown:
“Morning in a pine forest”?
Slide number 6
"Boats at Sea"?
Slide number 7
"Girl with Peaches"?
Slide number 8
“A deuce again”?
Slide number 9
3. Communication of new material
Guys, the epigraph of our lesson will be a popular saying.
Slide number 10
Brief and simple sayings always contain very significant worldly wisdom.
Why did we use this particular saying for our lesson on still life?
Is it possible to find out anything about a person from his things?
Let's try to find out - who might these things belong to? Are these items modern or not?
Slides No. 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19
Indeed, things are not our silent companions in life; they can tell an observant person a lot (remember Sherlock Holmes). Therefore, probably, for a long time still life did not exist as a separate topic in fine arts, and served as an eloquent addition to the portrait genre.
Slide number 20
See how the artist, through the centuries, conveys to us a message about the character of the merchant who commissioned him for the portrait.
Can we say anything about the character of the merchant in the portrait? What is his look: kind and open or wary and suspicious?
Have you noticed that the merchant is surrounded by many things? Why did the artist seem to “imprison” him in a tight ring of these things?
Slide number 21
Look at the bouquet on the merchant’s desk. What impression does he make on you? How does he characterize the owner?
Slide number 22
Why does the artist bring a slightly open box of money to the foreground of the portrait?
Slide number 23
By combining these facts, is it possible to determine what feelings the artist had towards the person who ordered the portrait - the merchant?
As an independent genre, portraiture arose only in the 17th century. in Holland. Still life is a very young genre compared to others.
Slide number 24
Please note that in still lifes Dutch painters a person is always invisibly present. A cut lemon peel, a crumpled napkin, broken bread... Objects in still lifes seem to retain warmth human hands who touched them, moved something, dropped something. This is a feature of Dutch still life.
Slide number 25
When depicting still life objects, artists strive to most impressively show their shape, volume, color, and texture of the material from which they are made.
But still lifes are not only a beautiful illustration of life. They are full of complex symbols that must be read like a book.
Contemporary artists in their still lifes they continue these traditions, more freely handling the shape, light and color of objects. The themes of still lifes have also expanded. Artists choose very unexpected objects to depict, surprising viewers.
Slides No. 26, 27, 28, 29
Slide number 30
Setting up a practical task.
Completing a practical task.
Guys, because... Today we will draw a still life “Books on the table”, we need to remember the basic laws of linear perspective:
the near object is depicted larger than the distant one.
parallel lines stretching into the distance converge on the horizon line at the vanishing point.
Let's complete the first stages of the drawing, marking and drawing the main elements of the composition, together.
The teacher performs an educational drawing on the blackboard.
Here in front of us is the picture plane - our sheet of paper. Let's place it horizontally, because... a horizontal composition, as opposed to a vertical one, will allow us to expand the space of the table. We are not depicting open space; we will not see the horizon line. But we need to draw a line at eye level, approximately above the middle of the leaf. This line will also be the far edge of the table. We will not depict the outlines of the table from other sides, so as not to limit the object plane of the drawing. The compositional center of our work will be the book lying in the middle of the table, closer to the audience. We will place the remaining books to the left and right of it. (Appendix 1, 2)
Let's remember what means of expression can be used to highlight the compositional center.
Guys, we have finished building three books - the basis of our composition. The next stage is yours individual work. Choose the rest of the objects for your still life so that the audience can understand what profession the person works at this table, what his hobbies are, whether he loves nature, art, whether he is neat or prefers creative chaos. Maybe this will be your table - the way it is or the one you dream of. After drawing all the elements of your composition, decide whether it will be a graphic still life or a painting. This choice determines which means of expression will become the main one in your work. You will also choose the color of your future work yourself. Don’t forget that bright and rich colors will help convey the mood of joy and celebration, while the predominance of dark and cold colors will create an atmosphere of despondency and sadness.
Summing up the lesson.
Exhibition of the students' works, their discussion.
The guys ask each other questions about choosing objects for a still life, are interested in the names of the books depicted in their friends’ drawings, and celebrate successful works.
The teacher takes part in the discussion.
Questions from the teacher to the students:
Did you find it interesting in class today?
Do you consider your work successful or should it be improved?
Homework.
At the child's request, modify the still life.
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
