Belgorod Fortress and service in it

How historically truthful and romantically beautiful is the short novel by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter"!

This work introduces us to a real Russian nobleman and hereditary officer Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, who set an example of true nobility and patriotism.

When Peter grew up, his father decided to enlist him in the guard so that his son would serve in the army “like a real soldier.

Grinev’s arrival at the Belogorsk fortress, where he was sent to serve, was very mundane and boring. Instead of the imaginary “formidable bastions, towers and ramparts,” he sees a small village surrounded by a log fence.

All the inhabitants of the fortress greeted Grinev in a friendly manner, and the family of the commandant of the fortress, Captain Mironov, turned out to be very welcoming and friendly and “treated him as if they had known each other for centuries.”

The next day after his arrival, Pyotr Andreevich Grinev meets another young officer - Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin, “discharged here from the guard for a duel.” They quickly get to know each other and become close. Shvabrin tells Grinev about all the inhabitants of the fortress, about the local orders and customs.

Soon Grinev meets Masha, the daughter of Captain Mironov.

A few weeks after his arrival at the Belogorsk fortress, the service became for Pyotr Andreevich “not only bearable, but even pleasant: in the commandant’s house he was received as if he were family, Masha stopped shying away from him, a desire for literature awoke in him...”

One day Grinev “wrote a song” that he himself really liked, and took it to show Shvabrin. And he began to “mock him in the most caustic way,” and, in addition, slandered Masha Mironova. A quarrel occurred between the officers, which ended in a challenge to a duel.

This quarrel, like nothing else, reveals the human essence of each participant: for Shvabrin it costs nothing to insult a girl, to discredit her; Grinev, how noble and fair man, cannot stand slander and is ready to defend the honor of the innocent.

Despite all the efforts of the commandant Vasilisa Yegorovna to upset the duel and reconcile the opponents, the duel between the officers still took place.

Seizing the moment when Grinev looked back at the cry of his servant Savelich, Shvabrin stabs him in the shoulder, seriously wounding him. Only a dishonest person could do such a thing, taking advantage of the enemy's vulnerability.

The wound turned out to be so serious that Grinev lay unconscious for five days, and the commandant’s entire family nursed him.

After recovery, he confesses to Masha Mironova “his heartfelt inclination”, reports this in a letter to his parents and eagerly awaits a response from them.

Unfortunately, Pyotr Andreevich’s father did not understand his feelings, but intended to get to his son “and teach him a lesson for his pranks, like a boy,” meaning the duel that took place.

Grinev, as a person obedient to his parents’ will, honestly tells Masha about the “obstacle to their love” on the part of his parents.

Pyotr Andreevich's further stay in the Belogorsk fortress becomes almost unbearable: he falls into gloomy thoughtfulness, loneliness and inaction, his spirit is completely broken.

But the further outcome of events still connects the fates of Masha Mironova and Pyotr Grinev.

You read the lines of the novel about the time of Grinev’s service in the Belogorsk fortress and it’s as if you see its lights through the blizzard weather, where life flows calmly and measuredly, where simple and good people, where the caring old Mironovs hospitably welcome everyone.

School essay

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, the great Russian poet, wrote not only poetry, but also prose works, especially at the end creative activity. Pushkin's prose reaches its utmost perfection in his last major work - the historical story "The Captain's Daughter." Pushkin deeply and carefully studies the era of the Pugachev uprising using archival materials, travels to the scene of the novel - in the Volga region, in the Orenburg steppes, where the living memory about the leader of the popular movement. According to V. O. Klyuchevsky, in "The Captain's Daughter", based on careful research historical sources, different enormous power generalizations, " more history than in "The History of the Pugachev Rebellion".

Belogorsk fortress, in which young Grinev was to serve, was located “forty miles from Orenburg” and was a village surrounded by a log fence. At the gate, Grinev saw “a cast-iron cannon; the streets were cramped and crooked; the huts were low and mostly covered with straw.” The commandant himself lived in a simple wooden house, built on a high place near a wooden church.

The first meeting with the commandant produced young man an extraordinary impression: he was a “cheerful and tall old man, in a cap and a Chinese robe,” he commanded twenty “old invalids” lined up “in front.” Less than a few weeks had passed before Grinev’s life in the Belogorsk fortress became for him “not only bearable, but even pleasant.” In the commandant’s house he “was received like family”; Ivan Kuzmich and his wife were “the most respectable people.” The commandant became an officer “from soldiers’ children”; he was a simple man, poorly educated, but “honest and kind.” Mironov zealously fulfilled his duty, serving the empress and punishing her enemies. In the face of death, he showed extraordinary courage.

Vasilisa Egorovna, a simple and hospitable woman, met Pyotr Grinev in the fortress as if she had known him for “a century.” She “looked at the affairs of the service as if they were her master’s, and ruled the fortress as accurately as she ruled her house.” For twenty years she and her husband lived in this fortress. She was accustomed to the military way of life, exposed to dangers, and even in the terrible days of the Pugachev Troubles, she did not leave her husband and was not afraid to share his fate.

Marya Ivanovna, the daughter of Captain Mironov, lived in the fortress with her parents. Since childhood, she was accustomed to such a life, but, despite the soldier’s environment, she grew up to be a subtle, sensitive girl. Independent mind, courage, ability to deep sincere feelings, loyalty this word- the main character traits of Masha Mironova. For the sake of love and friendship, she is capable of true heroism. Everyone who knows her likes her; Savelich calls her “an angel of God.”

The Grinevs' old servant, Savelich, is the personification of the bright folk character. He is characterized by truthfulness, good nature, courage, and human dignity. He selflessly serves his masters, all his desires, feelings and thoughts are subordinated to his masters. He looks at everything through the eyes of his masters, and therefore Pugachev for him, common man, - a villain and a fraudster.

The fortress was inhabited by people of a different kind, opposed to the “old guard”.

Officer Shvabrin is a representative of a noble family. This is a typical brilliant guards officer, a rich nobleman, not devoid of intelligence, but who received a superficial education. He is spoiled, accustomed to the fact that all his desires are fulfilled. In addition, Shvabrin is an envious person, a coward and an arrogant egoist, who became a supporter of Pugachev, not for ideological, but for selfish reasons.

In the images of the inhabitants of the Belogorsk fortress, the author seeks to convey to readers his idea that the “indigenous” nobility, who did so much in creating the Russian state, pushed away from power, disillusioned, retains the best class properties, and the “new nobility” in the person of Shvabrin , which has acquired political and economic power, is devoid of nobility, conscience, honor and love for the motherland.

The Belogorsk fortress was a village lost in the steppe, surrounded by tyn that had rotted in many places. The majority of the population consisted of soldiers of the disabled (disabled, that is, those who had passed military age, but remained in the ranks of the army) team, who made up a garrison of one hundred and thirty people, and Cossacks. The order in the fortress was the most domestic - Vasilisa Egorovna, the captain’s wife, was in charge. To a large extent, this was due to the fact that both the soldiers and their commanders, except Shvabrin, were themselves peasants who lived on subsistence farming, and there has never been a military threat as such. A peaceful, simple life dictated its own rules of existence. Minor unrest among the few bands of Bashkirs and Kyrgyz were relatively harmless, and they had not happened for many years. Most of the soldiers had already grown old serving in Belogorskaya; their commander and his wife had lived there for twenty years.
Ivan Kuzmich was an old campaigner, a bit stupid, but honest and kind. He became an officer from the children of soldiers and at heart continued to remain a soldier. His nobility (and only a nobleman could be an officer) was deprived of even that minimal aristocracy that Grinev’s parents possessed. He sometimes remembered about his service and tried to “teach” the soldiers, trying to explain to them where the right and where the left leg was, but his wife constantly pulled him back and, from an everyday point of view, was, as a rule, completely right.
Vasilisa Egorovna was an intelligent woman, talkative and curious, like any lively village woman, forced to manage a large household, and she considered the entire fortress to be her household. She adored news and everything that brought variety to her boring life, she tried to keep everything in her hands, which she succeeded in doing, since she was the commandant’s wife. Of course, her horizons were minimal, and the fact that Grinev’s father owned three hundred serfs made a deep impression on her, while this was a very small number of serf souls in the time of Catherine.
Marya Ivanovna, their daughter, was a quiet, silent person, easily embarrassed, but very sincere and sincere. She was a girl of marriageable age, but in such a wilderness to meet interesting person it wasn't easy at all. Masha had great sensitivity of the heart and could intuitively feel the qualities of a person, so she avoided Shvabrin.
Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin at first gave the impression of a witty and relaxed person who knew the value of local secrets and good-naturedly made fun of them. Later it turns out that this impression is deceptive, and Shvabrin conceals deep vulnerability in his soul.
The soldier's song included in the epigraph, on the one hand, sets the reader up in a certain brave mood and informs what the chapter should be about, on the other hand, it is a kind of humor of the author. Indeed, wooden fence the area around the village can hardly be called a “fortification”. in the song they sing about a cannon, and it seems that it’s just about the cannon from the story, because there was only one noise. The quotation from Fonvizin’s “Minor” orients precisely towards such a perception. It is the “old people” who turn out to be the inhabitants of the Belogorsk fortress, cut off from the world.

The Belogorsk fortress was a village lost in the steppe, surrounded by tyn that had rotted in many places. The majority of the population consisted of soldiers of the disabled (disabled, that is, those who had passed military age, but remained in the ranks of the army) team, who made up a garrison of one hundred and thirty people, and Cossacks. The order in the fortress was the most domestic - Vasilisa Egorovna, the captain’s wife, was in charge. To a large extent, this was due to the fact that both the soldiers and their commanders, except for Shvabrin, were themselves peasants, lived on subsistence farming, and there was never a military threat as such. A peaceful, simple life dictated its own rules of existence. Minor unrest among the few bands of Bashkirs and Kyrgyz were relatively harmless, and they had not happened for many years. Most of the soldiers had already grown old serving in Belogorskaya; their commander and his wife had lived there for twenty years.

Ivan Kuzmich was an old campaigner, a bit stupid, but honest and kind. He became an officer from the children of soldiers and at heart continued to remain a soldier. His nobility (and only a nobleman could be an officer) was deprived of even that minimal aristocracy that Grinev’s parents possessed. He sometimes remembered about his service and tried to “teach” the soldiers, trying to explain to them where the right and where the left leg was, but his wife constantly pulled him back and, from an everyday point of view, was, as a rule, completely right.

Vasilisa Egorovna was an intelligent woman, talkative and curious, like any lively village woman, forced to manage a large household, and she considered the entire fortress to be her household. She adored news and everything that brought variety to her boring life, she tried to keep everything in her hands, which she succeeded in doing, since she was the commandant’s wife. Of course, her horizons were minimal, and the fact that Grinev’s father owned three hundred serfs made a deep impression on her, while this was a very small number of serf souls in the time of Catherine.

Marya Ivanovna, their daughter, was a quiet, silent person, easily embarrassed, but very sincere and sincere. She was a girl of marriageable age, but in such a wilderness it was not at all easy to meet an interesting person. Masha had great sensitivity of the heart and could intuitively feel the qualities of a person, so she avoided Shvabrin.

Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin at first gave the impression of a witty and relaxed person who knew the value of local secrets and good-naturedly made fun of them. Later it turns out that this impression is deceptive, and Shvabrin conceals deep vulnerability in his soul.

The soldier's song included in the epigraph, on the one hand, sets the reader up in a certain brave mood and informs what the chapter should be about, on the other hand, it is a kind of humor of the author. In fact, the wooden fence around the village can hardly be called a “fortification”. in the song they sing about a cannon, and it seems that it’s just about the cannon from the story, because there was only one noise. The quotation from Fonvizin’s “Minor” orients precisely towards such a perception. It is the “old people” who turn out to be the inhabitants of the Belogorsk fortress, cut off from the world.

Left behind a big literary heritage. All his works are wonderful and we read them with pleasure. Recently, in literature, we met. It consists of fourteen parts. Today we will analyze the third chapter of Pushkin’s famous work The Captain’s Daughter. This chapter is called Fortress. What is the Belogorsk fortress like in Pushkin’s work and what kind of order was established there?

What was the Belogorsk fortress and the order established in it?

Let's turn to the text of the work. When main character arrived at the Belogorsk fortress, he did not see impregnable and formidable bastions there, and there was no strict commander there. Grinev did not see the fortress or a brave army with weapons in their hands, just as he did not find cannons that would be placed on the walls. What appeared before his eyes?

Arriving at the place, Grinev sees the village. It was lost in the steppe and was surrounded by a fence made of logs. Many of them were already rotten, but this did not bother the local inhabitants. This is because military operations very rarely took place in this place, and the rare unrest of Kyrgyz gangs did not pose any danger. The village had an unsightly appearance with its crooked streets and low thatched houses. Grinev was met by the commandant, who could easily go to the exercises not in the commander’s uniform, but in an ordinary robe. The army was represented by disabled soldiers, those who had long since passed military age. A completely unprotected fortress, on whose territory there was only one old cannon.

But, despite the strange reality, Grinev liked the inhabitants. He met wonderful people, was able to see the beauty of their lives. Someone might have wished for a different company in the fortress, but the young man wrote in his notes that he did not need another company. The guy likes intimate conversations with people. All orders on the territory of the fortress are built in a homely manner. Explain this family character The relationships that have been established between people living in the fortress are not difficult. The commandant's wife is in charge there, the military themselves are former peasants, and the absence of a military threat dictates domestic harmony.

What are your impressions of each of the characters?

Reading the Fortress chapter, you are left with only good impressions about almost every hero. Here is Commandant Kuzmich, a seasoned soldier who, in his old age, wants peace. We also meet his wife, who manages everything in the fortress. Her name is Vasilisa Egorovna. She is an intelligent, curious and even lively woman who skillfully managed the household. She was a pious, powerful person. Lives according to the old style.

Masha is Kuzmich’s daughter, a sweet girl, slightly timid. Although she was not very smart, she was an honest and decent girl. Our hero falls in love with her.
In the third part we also meet Shvabrin. Here he is calling negative emotions, especially when you read Pushkin’s work further. Shvabrin was a dishonest officer who could easily stab you in the back. This is a person who can even slander just to achieve his goals.

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