All will pass. But the stars will remain.
M. Bulgakov
Today a lot has already been said about M. A. Bulgakov as a major master of words, the author of the play "Days of the Turbins", the story " dog's heart", the novel "The Master and Margarita". But the writer began with the theme of the White Guard, since Bulgakov saw it all, knew it, loved the Russian intelligentsia and wanted to understand its tragedy.
“I love this novel more than all my works,” the author wrote about “The White Guard.” True, the pinnacle novel “The Master and Margarita” had not yet been written. But of course, " White Guard"occupies a very important place in literary heritage Bulgakov.
Why did I like this work, which I read in one sitting? The most important thing, perhaps, is not even that the writer showed the revolution through the eyes of white officers. The value of M. Bulgakov’s novel is in the subtlest emotional aura of spirituality, which is diffused in a world surrounded by cream curtains, where, “despite the guns,” there is a starchy and clean tablecloth, roses stand on the table, where a woman is a demigoddess, and honor does not lie in fidelity only to St. Andrew’s banner, to the Tsar, but also to comradeship, duty to the younger and weaker. And this book also excites me, as well as the writer, because it is full of memories of my native Kyiv.
This novel still attracts us today precisely because of the strength and depth of the author’s thoughts and feelings. This is a bright, poetic book about childhood, adolescence and youth, lyrical dreams and dreams about lost happiness.
And at the same time, it is obvious that “The White Guard” is a historical novel, a strict and sad story about the great turning point of the revolution and tragedy civil war, about blood, horror, confusion, absurd deaths.
As if looking down from the heights of time...
I read a lot of works different writers. But most of all I like the work of Mikhail Afanasyevich a. Unfortunately, he died in 1940. All of his works are unique in their writing style and structure, they are all easy to read and leave a deep imprint on the soul. I especially like Bulgakov's satire. I have read books like "Fatal eggs”, “Heart of a Dog” and the most wonderful book, as it seems to me, “The Master and Margarita." Even when I read this book for the first time, I was overwhelmed great amount impressions. I cried and laughed over the pages of this novel. So why did I like this book so much?
In the thirties of the 20th century, Mikhail Afanasyevich began work on his main book, the book of life - “Master and Margarita." He made the greatest contribution to the literature of the Soviet period by writing such a wonderful book.
"The Master and Margarita" was written as a "novel in novel": chronologically it depicts the thirties in Moscow, and also gives historical plan events taking place two thousand years ago.
It seems to me that such a unique plot was given in order to compare the psychology of people, their goals, their desires, in order to understand how successful society has been in its development.
The novel begins with a meeting at the Patriarch's Ponds between the chairman of MASSOLIT, Mikhail Aleksandrovich Berlioz, and young writer Ivan Bezdomny. Berlioz criticized Bezdomny’s article on religion because Ivan depicted Jesus in his article in very black colors, and Berlioz wanted to prove to people that “Christ in fact does not exist and will not exist.” could." Then they meet a very strange man, apparently a foreigner, who with his story takes them back two thousand years, to ancient city Yer-shalaim, where he introduces them to Pontius Pilate and Yeshua Ha-Nozri(slightly modified image of Christ). This man is trying to prove to writers that Satan exists, and if there is Satan, then, therefore, there is Jesus. The foreigner says strange things, predicts his imminent death through cutting off his head, and, naturally, the writers take him for a madman. But later the prediction comes true and Berlioz, who fell under a tram, cuts his head. Ivan is perplexed and tries to catch up with the departing stranger, but to no avail. Ivan is trying to figure out who this guy is a strange man, but he understands it only later, in a madhouse, that it is Satan himself - Woland.
Berlioz and Ivan are only the first to suffer at the hands of the devil. Then something incredible is happening in the city. It seems that Satan has come to ruin everyone's life, but is that so? No. It’s just that every millennium the devil himself comes to Moscow to see if people have changed during this time. Woland acts as an observer, and his retinue does all the tricks (Cow- ev, Behemoth, Azazello and Gella). The variety show was staged by him only to evaluate people, and he concludes: “Well... they are people like people. They love money, but this has always been the case... Humanity loves money, no matter what it is made of... Well, frivolous... well, well... housing problem only spoiled them...” As a result of the actions of Satan Woland and his retinue in Moscow, deceit, greed, arrogance, deceit, gluttony, meanness, hypocrisy, cowardice, envy and other vices of Moscow society in the thirties of the 20th century are revealed. But is all society so low and greedy?
In the middle of the novel, we meet Margarita, who sells her soul to the devil in the name of saving her loved one. Limitless and pure love it is so strong that even Satan Woland himself cannot resist it.
Margarita was a woman who had wealth, a loving husband, in general, everything that any other woman could dream of.
shina. But was Margarita happy? No. She was surrounded by material wealth, but her soul suffered from loneliness all her life. Margarita is my ideal woman. She strong in spirit, a persistent, courageous, kind and gentle woman. She is fearless because she was not afraid of Woland and his retinue, proud because she did not ask until she was asked, and her soul is not devoid of compassion, because when her deepest desire was to be fulfilled, she remembered poor Frida , which promised salvation. Loving the Master, Margarita saves the most important thing for him, the goal of his whole life - his manuscript.
The master was probably sent by God to Margarita. Their meeting, it seems to me, was predetermined: “She carried in her hands disgusting alarming yellow flowers... And I was struck not so much by her beauty as by the extraordinary, no one invisible loneliness in the eyes! Obeying this yellow sign “I also turned into the alley and followed in her footsteps...”
The misunderstood souls of the Master and Margarita find each other, love helps them survive and pass all the tests of fate. Free and loving souls they finally belong to eternity. They were rewarded for their suffering. Although they are not worthy of “light” due to the fact that both sinned: the Master did not fully fight for the goal of his life, and Margarita left her husband and entered into a deal with Satan, they deserve eternal peace. Together with Woland and his retinue, they leave this city forever.
So who is it anyway? Woland? Is he a positive or negative character? It seems to me that it cannot be considered either positive or negative hero. He - "…Part that force that always wants evil and always commits good". He personifies the devil in the novel, but with his calmness, prudence, wisdom, nobility and unique charm, he destroys the usual idea of “black power”. That's probably why he became my favorite hero.
The complete opposite of Woland in the novel is Yeshua Ha-Nozri. This is a righteous man who came to save the world from evil. For him, all people are kind, " evil people does not exist, there are only unfortunates.” He believes that the worst sin is fear. And indeed, it was the fear of losing his career that forced Pontius Pilate to sign Yeshua’s death warrant and thereby doom himself to torment in flow two thousand years. And it was precisely the fear of new torment that did not allow the Master to finish his life’s work.
And in conclusion, I want to say that I not only really like the novel “The Master and Margarita,” but it also teaches me not to be like everyone else negative characters this novel. It makes you think about who you are, what is going on in your soul, what good you have done to people. The novel helps you understand that you need to be above all troubles, strive for the best and not be afraid of anything.
All will pass. And the stars will remain
M. Bulgakov
Today much has already been said about M. A. Bulgakov as a major master of words, the author of the play “Days of the Turbins,” the story “Heart of a Dog,” and the novel “The Master and Margarita.” But the writer began with the theme of the White Guard, since Bulgakov saw it all, knew it, loved the Russian intelligentsia and wanted to understand its tragedy.
“I love the novel more than all my works,” the author wrote about “The White Guard.” True, the pinnacle novel “The Master and Margarita” had not yet been written. But, of course, “The White Guard” occupies a very important place in Bulgakov’s literary heritage. Why did I like this work, which I read in one sitting? The most important thing, perhaps, is not even that the writer showed the revolution through the eyes of white officers.
The value of M. Bulgakov’s novel is in the subtlest emotional aura of spirituality, which is diffused in a world surrounded by cream curtains, where, “despite the guns,” there is a starchy and clean tablecloth, roses stand on the table, where a woman is a demigoddess, and honor does not lie in fidelity only to St. Andrew's banner, to the Tsar, but also to the nobility, duty to the younger and weaker.
And this book also excites me, as well as the writer, because it is full of memories of my native Kyiv.
This novel still attracts us today precisely because of the strength and depth of the author’s thoughts and feelings. This is a bright, poetic book about childhood, adolescence and youth, lyrical dreams and dreams about lost happiness. And at the same time, it is obvious that “The White Guard” is a historical novel, a strict and sad story about the great turning point of the revolution and the tragedy of the civil war, about blood, horror, confusion, and absurd deaths.
As if from the heights of time, Bulgakov is looking at this tragedy, although the civil war has just ended. Information from the site Bigreferat.ru / site “Great and terrible was the year after the birth of Christ, 1918,” he writes. Events pulled in and swept ordinary people, mere mortals into their whirlpool. These people rush around and curse, like Alexey Turbin, who involuntarily became a participant in the evil being done. Infected by the hatred of the crowd, he attacks a newspaper delivery boy: a chain reaction of evil infects good people. Nikolka looks at life with confusion, Elena is looking for her own path. But they all live, love, suffer.
Many witnesses to the revolution and civil war spoke about the terrible disaster that swept over Russia, crippling human destinies. The world is up in arms and plunged into chaos. The City is immersed in the fog of chaos. Not just Kyiv, not just a city, but a kind of symbol of general devastation and tragedy, although this was precisely Kyiv, the writer’s hometown. City, love, home, war... A novel about the fate of the Russian intelligentsia in the era of revolution. Bulgakov painted a deeply intelligent Russian way of life. Here they are sympathetic to human weaknesses, attentive, and sincere. There is no arrogance, swagger, stiffness here
In the Turbins' house they are irreconcilable with everything that stands beyond the threshold of decency. But the Talbergs and Lisovichs live next to the Turbins.
The most cruel blows of fate are taken by those who are faithful to duty, who are decent. And Talberg and others like him know how to fit in, know how to survive. Leaving his wife Elena and her brothers, he flees Kyiv with the Petliurists. There is a war of ideas going on. But do ideas fight? The Turbins are monarchists in their views, but for them the monarchy is not so much the tsar as the most sacred pages of Russian history, which were traditionally associated with the names of the tsars. Despite all the rejection of the ideology of the revolution, the author understood the main thing: it is the fruit of the most shameful centuries-old oppression, moral and physical, of the masses.
While leading the narrative, Bulgakov seems to remain neutral. He notes with equal objectivity the courage of the Bolsheviks and the honor of the white officers. But he hates Bulgakov. He hates Petliura and the Petliuraites, for whom human life is worthless. He despises politicians who incite hatred and anger in the hearts of people, because hatred rules their actions. With lofty words about the city, the mother of Russian cities, they cover up their cowardly acts, and the city is drenched in blood.
Love and hate clash in the novel, and love wins. This is the love of Elena and Shervinsky. Love is higher than everything in the world. There cannot be a more humane conclusion from the drama that we witness while reading the novel Man and Humanity Above All. Bulgakov asserts this in his novel. The turbines managed to preserve their honor from a young age and survived, losing a lot and paying dearly for mistakes and naivety. The epiphany, albeit later, still came. This is the main meaning and lesson of M. A. Bulgakov’s historical novel “The White Guard,” which makes this book modern and timely.
List of used literature and sources
To prepare this work, materials from the site http://www.site were used
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>> Mine favorite piece M. A. Bulgakova |
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| The beginning of M. Bulgakov’s novel “The White Guard” |
| Artistic originality novel by M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita” |
| Biblical motives of Bulgakov's work "The Master and Margarita" |
| "The Master and Margarita" by M. Bulgakov |
| Ontologically similar to those in M. Bulgakov’s novel “The Maister and Margarita” |
| The role of landscape in M. Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita" |
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All will pass. And the stars will remain
M. Bulgakov
Today much has already been said about M. A. Bulgakov as a major master of words, the author of the play “Days of the Turbins,” the story “Heart of a Dog,” and the novel “The Master and Margarita.” But the writer began with the theme of the White Guard, since Bulgakov saw it all, knew it, loved the Russian intelligentsia and wanted to understand its tragedy.
“I love this novel more than all my works,” the author wrote about “The White Guard.” True, the pinnacle novel “The Master and Margarita” had not yet been written. But, of course, “The White Guard” occupies a very important place in Bulgakov’s literary heritage. Why did I like this work, which I read in one sitting? The most important thing, perhaps, is not even that the writer showed the revolution through the eyes of white officers.
The value of M. Bulgakov’s novel is in the subtlest emotional aura of spirituality, which is diffused in a world surrounded by cream curtains, where, “despite the guns,” there is a starchy and clean tablecloth, roses stand on the table, where a woman is a demigoddess, and honor does not lie in fidelity only to St. Andrew’s banner, to the Tsar, but also to comradeship, duty to the younger and weaker.
And this book also excites me, as well as the writer, because it is full of memories of my native Kyiv.
This novel still attracts us today precisely because of the strength and depth of the author’s thoughts and feelings. This is a bright, poetic book about childhood, adolescence and youth, lyrical dreams and dreams about lost happiness. And at the same time, it is obvious that “The White Guard” is a historical novel, a strict and sad story about the great turning point of the revolution and the tragedy of the civil war, about blood, horror, confusion, and absurd deaths.
As if from the heights of time, Bulgakov is looking at this tragedy, although the civil war has just ended. “Great and terrible was the year after the birth of Christ, 1918,” he writes. Events dragged on and swept ordinary people, mere mortals into their whirlpool. These people rush around and curse, like Alexey Turbin, who involuntarily became a participant in the evil being done. Infected by the hatred of the crowd, he attacks a newspaper delivery boy: a chain reaction of evil infects good people. Nikolka looks at life with confusion, Elena is looking for her own path. But they all live, love, suffer.
Many witnesses to the revolution and civil war spoke about the terrible disaster that swept over Russia, crippling human destinies. The world is up in arms and plunged into chaos. The City is immersed in the fog of chaos. Not just Kyiv, not just a city, but a kind of symbol of general devastation and tragedy, although this was precisely Kyiv, the writer’s hometown. City, love, home, war... This novel is about the fate of the Russian intelligentsia in the era of revolution. Bulgakov painted a deeply intelligent Russian way of life. Here they are lenient towards human weaknesses, attentive and sincere. There is no arrogance, swagger, or stiffness here. In the Turbins' house they are irreconcilable with everything that stands beyond the threshold of decency. But the Talbergs and Lisovichs live next to the Turbins.
The most cruel blows of fate are taken upon themselves by those who are faithful to duty and who are decent. But Talberg and others like him know how to fit in, they know how to survive. Leaving his wife Elena and her brothers, he flees Kyiv with the Petliurists. There is a war of ideas going on. But do ideas fight? The Turbins are monarchists in their views, but for them the monarchy is not so much the tsar as the most sacred pages of Russian history, which were traditionally associated with the names of the tsars. Despite all the rejection of the ideology of the revolution, the author understood the main thing: it is the fruit of the most shameful centuries-old oppression, moral and physical, of the masses.
While leading the narrative, Bulgakov seems to remain neutral. He notes with equal objectivity the courage of the Bolsheviks and the honor of the white officers. But he hates Bulgakov. He hates Petliura and the Petliuraites, for whom human life is worthless. He despises politicians who incite hatred and anger in the hearts of people, because hatred rules their actions. With lofty words about the city, the mother of Russian cities, they cover up their cowardly acts, and the city is drenched in blood.
Love and hate clash in the novel, and love wins. This is the love of Elena and Shervinsky. Love is higher than everything in the world. There cannot be a more humane conclusion from the drama that we witness while reading the novel. Man and humanity are above all. Bulgakov asserts this in his novel. The turbines managed to preserve their honor from a young age and therefore survived, losing a lot and paying dearly for mistakes and naivety. The epiphany, albeit later, still came. These are main meaning and the lesson of M. A. Bulgakov’s historical novel “The White Guard,” which make this book modern and timely.
Bibliography
To prepare this work, materials were used from the site http://www.coolsoch.ru
Essay on the topic: "M. A. Bulgakov - master of satire" ( Bulgakov. Composition. "Dog's heart").
One of the brightest and famous works Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov is considered the “Heart of a Dog”. This story reveals the satirical talent of the writer in the best possible way. The author wrote his work back in 1925, but it was published in Russia sixty-two years later. For half a century they did not know about the existence of this story in Russia, since censorship considered it political satire to the Soviet regime dominating the country.
And indeed, the author depicted in his work a socio-historical picture of Russia at that time, contrasting the life of different social strata of society after the global experiment - the revolution. The author tries to analyze its consequences using the example of a scientific experiment of his heroes. The story highlights the main problems of that time: change political power, the future path of the intelligentsia, moral issues. Reality and fantasy are closely intertwined into a bizarre plot in which it is easy to understand the true subtext.
The scientific experiment in the story is conducted by Professor Preobrazhensky, a talented surgeon. Bulgakov identifies the intelligentsia with his image. A representative of the new type of people that the revolution gave birth to is Polygraph Sharikov.
Preobrazhensky appears in the story as a creator who created something new, but dangerous person. The plot is based on the story of the relationship between an artificial creature and its creator. Bulgakov boldly expresses his opinion on such experiments - he does not believe that Preobrazhensky has the moral right to conduct them.
The professor fattened the yard dog, after which he tried to surgically transplant the pituitary gland of a man who had died the day before. The operation was a success and the dog began to recover. But changes began to happen too quickly: the dog’s hair fell out, she began to walk hind legs and talk.
The author raises the problem of a by-product of the revolution, such as immorality. It turned out that the male donor was a walking drunkard who did nothing but swear, steal and talk loudly about proletarian ideas. Sharikov inherited all this, embodying all the destructive traits of the people. To climb the social ladder, Sharikov decides to lead the cleanup of the city from stray cats, although he himself recently shed his dog’s skin. Polygraph's impudence knows no bounds. He easily picks up the main principles of the Bolshevik regime: devastation and universal equality. Sharikov does not know what morality is; he feels only those feelings that accompanied his two past lives.
The professor is overcome by regrets about the operation performed, and an epiphany comes to him. “Devastation is not in the closets, but in the heads” - with these words, belonging to Preobrazhensky, the author ridicules the Soviet regime. The professor is unable to re-educate the product of his experiment, so he decides on another operation that would return the proper state of affairs. The operation was again a success, and Sharikov again switched to barking, becoming a dog.
In the epilogue of the story, when the professor shows the dog to the police to prove his innocence, it sounds the main idea author: “...he said... This does not mean being human...”. Creatures like Sharikov are no different in appearance from ordinary people, but human feelings are alien to them. At the first opportunity, their inhumanity is revealed, revealing their vile nature. Unfortunately, the Sharikovs often achieve power by negatively influencing those around them, because immoral people are much easier to lead.
Mikhail Bulgakov is rightfully considered a master of satire, because in his hands it became a real weapon. A man with a dog's heart is a threat to society of any era. The writer’s story does not lose relevance in our time, being a kind of warning that should be heeded.