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Authorized (share) capital of the enterprise

Accounting for the formation of authorized (share) capital

The interpretation of such concepts as “authorized capital”, “authorized fund”, “share capital”, “mutual fund” depends on the organizational and legal form of the enterprise and the provisions of the legislation to which these enterprises fall.

Currently, in business practice, organizational and legal forms of creating organizations are used.

A business partnership is a commercial organization with a share capital divided into the contributions of participants.

A general partnership is recognized as a partnership whose participants (general partners), in accordance with the agreement concluded between them (founding agreement), are engaged in entrepreneurial activities on behalf of the partnership and are liable for its obligations with the property belonging to them. They can be individual entrepreneurs and commercial organizations, and the number of participants must be at least two.

Legal and individuals can only be members of one general partnership. A participant in a general partnership is obliged to make at least 50% of his contribution to the share capital by the time of registration of such a partnership. The rest must be paid within the time limits established by the memorandum of association.

Figure 2 - Classification of business entities by type of ownership

Profits and losses are distributed in proportion to the share in the share capital. If, due to losses incurred, the cost net assets becomes lower than the share capital, then the profit received is not distributed among the participants until the net assets exceed the share capital.

Limited partnership (limited partnership) is a commercial organization in which, along with participants engaged in entrepreneurial activities (general partners), there are one or more limited partners who bear the risk of losses from the activities of such a partnership. Risk of loss equal to the sum their contributions to the share capital. Limited partners do not participate in economic activity. The position of general partners in a limited partnership and their liability for obligations are determined in the manner established for a general partnership.

In society with limited liability It is not the share capital that is formed, but the authorized capital, which is divided into shares determined by the constituent documents (memorandum of association, charter). Size authorized capital must be at least 100 minimum wages. If a company is founded by one person, then its constituent document is the charter. The size of the participant's share in authorized capital determined as a percentage or as a fraction. The company's charter may limit the maximum size of a participant's share and the possibility of changing the ratio of shares of its participants. At the time of registration of a limited liability company, the authorized capital must be paid by the participants by at least 50%. The remaining 50% is payable during the first year of activity.

Participants in such a company are not liable for its obligations and bear the risk of losses to the extent of the value of their contributions. This company cannot have another business company consisting of one person as its sole participant.

If at the end of the second and each subsequent year the value of net assets is lower than the authorized capital, then the company is obliged to announce its reduction. If the value of net assets is less than 100 minimum wages, then the company is subject to liquidation.

An additional liability company is established by one or more persons in a manner similar to the procedure for establishing limited liability companies. The difference between them is that participants in a company with additional liability assume responsibility for the company’s obligations not only in the amount of contributions, but also with their other property in the same multiple of the value of the value of their contributions.

Participants in a company with additional liability jointly and severally bear subsidiary liability for its obligations with their property in the same multiple of the value of their contributions to the authorized capital. If one of the participants goes bankrupt, his liability for the company's obligations is distributed among the remaining participants in proportion to their contributions.

A joint stock company is a company whose authorized capital is divided into a certain number of ordinary and preferred shares. Shareholders are not liable for the company's obligations and bear the risk of losses only to the extent of the value of the shares they own. The number of founders of an open joint stock company is not limited; the number of founders of a closed joint stock company cannot exceed 50. The minimum size of the authorized capital of an open joint stock company is not less than 1000 minimum wages; closed joint stock company - not less than 100 minimum wages. On the day of registration of a joint stock company, its authorized capital must be paid up by at least 50%.

A production cooperative is a voluntary association of citizens for joint activities, based on their personal labor participation and the association of property share contributions by its members (participants). Unlike participation in other forms of business, membership in a cooperative presupposes personal labor participation in its activities. The cooperative is liable for its obligations with all its property; if there is a lack of funds, members of the cooperative bear additional responsibility in the amount and manner provided for by law and the charter of the cooperative.

In agriculture in to a greater extent This form of enterprise organization is widespread. In this case, the cooperative is called an agricultural production cooperative. Production agricultural cooperatives (cooperative farms, collective farms, agricultural and fishing cooperatives) are organized for joint production activities of citizens and legal entities. Their activities are based on personal participation and involve the pooling of share contributions. The authorized capital of an agricultural production cooperative is called a mutual (indivisible) fund.

To the moment state registration of a production agricultural cooperative, its members are required to make at least 10% of the share contribution; they can pay the rest within a year from the date of registration.

There is no minimum size of a mutual fund in a production cooperative. An increase or decrease in a mutual fund is carried out with a simultaneous change in the charter. The property owned by the cooperative is divided into shares of its members in accordance with the charter. The part of the cooperative's mutual fund attributable to indivisible production facilities is included in an indivisible fund that is not subject to division. When leaving an agricultural production cooperative, these amounts may be compensated by cash payments.

A unitary enterprise is a commercial organization that is not endowed with the right of ownership to the property assigned to it by the owner, which is indivisible and cannot be distributed among contributions or shares. Property unitary enterprise is in state or municipal ownership and belongs to the enterprise with the right of economic management or operational management. The owner of the property is not liable for the obligations of the unitary enterprise. The purpose of the unitary enterprise is the implementation of specific production, public and social functions, designated by the state.

Corporation is a legal entity, an association of individuals or legal entities. A corporation exists independently of its owners and operates on the principles of limited liability, i.e. it has the right to raise capital in cash on its own behalf without imposing unlimited liability on its owners.

As a result of the separation of ownership and management, the corporate form has a number of advantages. The shareholders' capital share can be transferred to other owners. The corporation raises equity and debt capital on its own behalf. As a result, shareholders have limited liability for the corporation's debt obligations. The most they can lose is the money they invested in its shares.

In Russia, corporations are represented by financial and industrial groups (FIGs).

FIG - voluntary association of enterprises; is a set of legal entities acting as the main and subsidiaries or who have fully or partially combined their tangible and intangible assets on the basis of an agreement to create a financial industrial group for the purpose of technological or economic integration for the implementation of investment and other projects and programs aimed at increasing competitiveness and expanding the market for goods and services, increasing production efficiency, creating new workers places

Regardless of the form of ownership, the authorized capital in all cases reflects the amount of capital determined in constituent documents organizations.

For commercial agricultural enterprises with any organizational and legal status, accounting of the authorized capital in the form of contributions (shares) and shares at their original cost, determined in the constituent documents on the date of registration of the enterprise, is kept on account 80 “Authorized capital”.

Account 80 is intended to summarize information about the state and movement of the authorized capital (share capital, authorized capital) of the organization. The balance of account 80 must correspond to the amount of authorized capital recorded in the constituent documents of the agricultural enterprise. Entries on account 80 are made when forming the authorized capital, as well as when increasing and decreasing the authorized capital only after making appropriate changes to the constituent documents of the organization.

After the state registration of an organization, its authorized capital in the amount of contributions of the founders (participants) provided for by the constituent documents is reflected in the credit of account 80 in correspondence with account 75 “Settlements with founders”. The actual receipt of deposits of the founders is carried out on the credit of account 75 in correspondence with the accounts of non-current assets, inventory and Money. Accounting is organized in such a way as to ensure the formation of information on the founders of the organization, stages of capital formation and types of shares.

In the course of its activities, a joint-stock company engaged in the production of agricultural products may increase or decrease its authorized capital. A change in the size of the authorized capital of an organization is always associated with the re-approval of its constituent documents by the general meeting of founders and their re-registration with the relevant government bodies.

Today in agriculture there is a tendency towards reorganization of enterprises: mergers, annexations, divisions, spin-offs, etc., which raises a number of questions regarding the accounting of authorized capital.

When reorganizing agricultural enterprises, the rights and obligations of each of them are transferred to the newly created legal entity (entities) in accordance with the transfer act. The transfer deed and separation balance sheet drawn up during the reorganization of legal entities include financial statements compiled in accordance with the procedure established by the Ministry of Finance of Russia in the scope of the annual accounting report forms as of the last reporting date (reorganization date). Upon merger and accession of individual legal entities - agricultural enterprises (divisions) - to balance sheets of each of them, at the request of their legal successors, acts of inventory of property and liabilities may be attached, confirming the accuracy of individual items of these balance sheets. When dividing agricultural enterprises, the separation balance sheet formed consists of the general balance sheet for the previously existing legal entity and the balance sheets of each new legal entity formed on the basis of divisions that were previously part of the previous legal entity. The separation balance sheet data is also the balance sheet data of each new legal entity on the date of commencement of activity after state registration.

When an agricultural enterprise is liquidated, its property is sold, and the funds received are used to pay off obligations. The remaining funds are credited to the authorized capital of the enterprise. After this entry, the remaining funds are distributed among the participants (founders) of the legal entity in the manner established in the constituent documents. If the liquidated legal entity does not have enough property and other liquid assets, the authorized capital is allocated to cover losses. If the authorized capital is unrealistic, creditors' claims against the debtor are made in established by law ok. It is recommended that the reorganization of agricultural enterprises be timed to coincide with the end of a certain reporting period (year or quarter).

Joint-stock companies may buy back shares from shareholders for the purpose of their subsequent resale, cancellation or distribution among their employees. Repurchased shares do not provide voting rights at shareholder meetings, and dividends are not accrued or paid on them. They can be reflected on the company’s balance sheet up to one year after their redemption. Repurchased shares are accounted for in account 81 “Own shares (shares)”.

The debit of account 81 reflects the acquisition of shares (shares), and the credit reflects the sale or cancellation. In this case, the wiring is done:

  • - Dt 81 Kt 50, 51, 52, etc. - acquired own shares (shares);
  • - Dt 80 Kt 81 - canceled own shares (shares).

Shares purchased are received at the actual purchase price. When they are cancelled, the difference in cost is charged to account 91 “Other income and expenses”.

Reflection of the authorized capital by shareholders and founders in an agricultural enterprise should solve two main problems:

  • 1) accounting and accurate confirmation of the rights of owners, including when they change, to securities;
  • 2) obtaining information about persons who have the right to demand from the joint-stock company the fulfillment of obligations under issued securities.

Both tasks can be solved by accounting for shares sold to shareholders, maintaining a register of shareholders directly by the joint-stock company or with the help of a specialized professional organization engaged for this purpose. In this case, the organization maintaining the register of shareholders (a joint stock company or a professional participant in the securities market) is the holder of the register of shareholders.

Agricultural joint stock companies with more than 50 shareholders are required to entrust the maintenance of the register specialized organization(registrar) - depository bank or other investment institution. Maintaining the register of shareholders begins no later than one month from the date of state registration of the company. At the same time, the company is not relieved of responsibility for maintaining and storing the register of shareholders.

It is advisable to keep records of the company's settlements with shareholders on shares owned by them in agriculture on special personal accounts. Summary data on all personal accounts of shareholders on the value of shares owned by them, dividends due and paid serve as the basis for reflecting in synthetic accounting and reporting data on the value of authorized capital and settlements with shareholders for dividends.

Account 80 “Authorized capital” is also used to summarize information about the status and movement of contributions to common property under a simple partnership agreement. In this case, account 80 “Authorized capital” is called “Deposits of partners”.

The property contributed by the partners to the simple partnership on account of their contributions is credited to the debit of the property accounting accounts (51 “Current accounts”, 01 “Fixed assets”, 41 “Goods”, etc.) and the credit of account 80. When returning property to the partners in the event Upon termination of a simple partnership agreement, reverse entries are made in accounting.

Analytical accounting for account 80 “Deposits of comrades” at enterprises Agriculture is carried out for each simple partnership agreement and each participant in the agreement.

To account for a mutual (indivisible) fund in agricultural production cooperatives, account 80 “Authorized capital” with sub-accounts opened on it is intended. Amounts credited to these sub-accounts in the general manner are reflected in the debit of account 75 “Settlements with founders”. Analytical accounting for subaccounts is maintained for each member of the cooperative, each share amount and each object of the indivisible fund.

A consumer cooperative does not involve drawing up a constituent agreement, therefore accounting for the formation of its mutual fund is possible using accounts 75 or 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors.” Since the mutual fund has a specific purpose specified in the charter of the cooperative, account 86 “Targeted financing” is additionally used.

The following entries are made in accounting:

  • - Dt 86 Kt 80 - reflects the amount of the share contribution;
  • - Dt 75-1, 76 Kt 86 - reflects the debt of the members of the cooperative for contributions to the mutual fund;
  • - Dt 50, 51 Kt 75, 76 - contributions from members of the cooperative have been made.

Members of an agricultural cooperative are required to cover losses incurred by making additional contributions within three months after approval of the annual balance sheet. Cooperatives have the right to engage in business activities. The resulting profit is distributed among its members. In this case, cooperatives keep separate records of two types of activities.

When an agricultural cooperative is liquidated, losses are necessarily covered by additional contributions, and if they are insufficient, by the property of the members of the cooperative.

The Civil Code of the Russian Federation provides for each organizational and legal form special kind original property. For partnerships - share capital; for companies - statutory; for cooperatives - a mutual fund. Share capital is not clearly defined in current legislation. The status of share capital is very similar to the status of authorized capital in companies. The difference lies in the responsibility of the participants for the obligations of the enterprise. Since general partners in general and limited partnerships bear the risk of losses with their property in full, the legislation does not impose special requirements on share capital. Even his name is not defined minimum size, which is justified, since the share capital is not the only property at the expense of which debts on the obligations of the partnership will be repaid.
The authorized capital of LLC and JSC consists of the nominal value of shares (shares) of its participants (shareholders). The size of the company's authorized capital must be no less than a hundred times the minimum wage (for an OJSC - no less than a thousand times the minimum wage) established by Federal Law on the date of submission of documents for state registration of the company. Typically, the founders of an enterprise choose the minimum amount of authorized capital, which, firstly, reduces the amount of their costs for contributions to the authorized capital; secondly, it simplifies the assessment of non-property contributions (the assessment by the company's participants is sufficient). The size of the authorized capital and the nominal value of its shares are determined in rubles. The authorized capital determines the minimum amount of property that guarantees the interests of creditors. A contribution to the authorized capital of a company can be money, securities, other things, property or other rights that have a monetary value. The monetary value of non-monetary contributions to the authorized capital of the company made by its participants and accepted into the company by third parties is approved by the decision general meeting participants (shareholders) of the company, adopted by all participants (shareholders) of the company unanimously. If the nominal value (increase in nominal value) of the share of an LLC participant in the authorized capital of the company, paid for by a non-monetary contribution, is more than two hundred minimum wages established by federal law on the date of submission of documents for state registration of the company or corresponding changes in the company’s charter, such contribution must be assessed an independent appraiser. The nominal value (increase in the nominal value) of the share of a company participant, paid for by such a non-monetary contribution, cannot exceed the amount of valuation of the specified contribution, determined by an independent appraiser.
If non-monetary contributions are made to the authorized capital of the company, the company's participants and an independent appraiser, within three years from the date of state registration of the company or corresponding changes in the company's charter, jointly and severally bear, if the company's property is insufficient, subsidiary liability for its obligations in the amount of the overvaluation of non-monetary contributions. For a joint-stock company, the monetary valuation of property contributed in payment for shares when establishing a company is made by agreement between the founders.
When paying for additional shares in non-cash, the monetary valuation of the property contributed to pay for the shares is made by the board of directors (supervisory board) of the company. When paying for shares in kind, an independent appraiser must be involved to determine the market value of such property, unless otherwise provided by federal law. The value of the monetary valuation of property made by the founders of the company and the board of directors (supervisory board) of the company cannot be higher than the value of the valuation made by an independent appraiser.
Based on the norms of the current federal legislation, the assessment of non-monetary contributions by the founders is carried out by indicating it in the decision to create an enterprise. Each founder of the company must make a full contribution to the authorized capital of the company within the period determined by the constituent agreement and which cannot exceed one year from the date of state registration of the company. It is not permitted to relieve the founder of a company from the obligation to make a contribution to the authorized capital of the company, including by offsetting his claims to the company. At the time of state registration of the company, its authorized capital must be paid by the founders at least half.

It represents the initial funds invested by all the founders in order to ensure the functioning of the enterprise. Such funds can be securities, property rights expressed in monetary terms.

  • issue arising from the sale of previously contributed shares at a price exceeding their par value;
  • and the company's capabilities, which entailed an additional issue of shares;
  • growth in the capitalization of the enterprise after its revaluation, for example, due to an increase in the value of basic non-cash investments;
  • the occurrence of exchange rate differences that may appear in the authorized capital from funds generated in the currency of another state.

The resulting amount of additional capital is usually used to cover losses. The minimum or maximum amount of additional capital is not regulated by law.

Revaluation of non-current assets and additional capital - the topic of the video below:

Statutory folding

Authorized share capital is formed by organizations that regulate their activities only by constituent documents. According to the form of business organization, it can be or. The amount of share capital is formed by the shares of the founders of the enterprise.

Authorized share capital is the real capital necessary for the functioning of the enterprise. Share capital is part of the total property of the enterprise and often differs from its actual value.

The difference is that the authorized share capital is formed only by the funds of the participants of the enterprise - the object public relations, and its amount not only appears on the balance sheet of the enterprise, but is also reflected in the constituent documents. Funds of the pooled capital, expressed in monetary terms, are not saved separately. They are anonymized and stored in correspondent accounts along with other receipts.

  • The main one is ensuring the functioning of the enterprise during its formation and protecting the rights of creditors. Share capital performs a kind of guarantee function. In this case, the founders of the enterprise are obliged to notify creditors, and they, in turn, have the right to demand early repayment of loan funds.
  • And one more function of share capital is law-defining. The right to manage the enterprise of each of its participants is determined by the share of participation.

According to the law Russian Federation the end of the second year and subsequent financial reporting periods must provide amounts no less than those indicated in the authorized capital. Otherwise, society must start.

Composition of equity capital

The ratio of the Criminal Code and the Republic of Kazakhstan

It is traditionally believed that reserve capital needs to be formed by enterprises planning to conduct the most risky species activities. For example, these are joint-stock companies, especially those operating in the foreign economic sphere. Contributions to the reserve fund are made from profits.

  • The minimum amount of reserve capital for an LLC must be 5% of the amount of the authorized capital, contributions must continue until the ratio of 25% of the authorized capital is reached.

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The share capital of a limited partnership is formed from the contributions of general partners and investors; the latter’s contribution is certified by a certificate of participation issued to the investor by the partnership.  

The investor is obliged to make a contribution to the share capital of the Partnership within the time limits determined by agreement of the Participants of the Partnership. If the deadlines for making deposits are violated, the Investors pay the Partnership a fine in the amount of 10% per annum on the undeposited portion of the deposit, and also compensate for the losses caused.  

The Participants of this Agreement, regardless of the size of their shares in the joint capital of the Partnership, have one vote. Agreements may provide for a different procedure for determining the number of votes of the Participants.  

In the event of a Participant leaving the Partnership, the shares of the remaining Participants in the share capital of the Partnership increase accordingly. The agreements may provide otherwise.  

A participant in a general partnership is obliged to make at least half of his contribution to the joint capital of the partnership by the time of its registration. The rest must be paid by the participant within the time limits established by the constituent agreement. If this obligation is not fulfilled, the participant is obliged to pay the partnership ten percent per annum on the unpaid part of the contribution and compensate for the losses caused, unless other consequences are established by the constituent agreement.  

If one of the participants leaves the partnership, the shares of the remaining participants in the share capital of the partnership increase accordingly, unless otherwise provided by the constituent agreement or other agreement of the participants.  

Thus, a participant in a general partnership is obliged to make at least half of his contribution to the joint capital of the partnership by the time of its registration. The rest must be contributed by the participants of the general partnership within the time limits established by the constituent agreement. If this obligation is not fulfilled, the participant in the general partnership is obliged to pay the partnership 10% per annum on the unpaid part of the contribution and compensate for the losses caused, unless other consequences are established by the constituent agreement.  

Thus, a participant in a general partnership is obliged to make at least half of his contribution to the share capital of the partnership by the time of its registration, and the rest - within the time limits established by the constituent documents. The authorized capital of a limited liability company must be paid at least half by its participants at the time of registration of the company. The rest is payable during the first year of the company's activities.  

A participant in a general partnership is obliged to contribute at least half of his contribution to the share capital of the partnership by the time of its registration. The rest must be paid by the participant within the time limits established by the constituent agreement. If this obligation is not fulfilled, the participant is obliged to pay the partnership 10 per annum on the unpaid part of the contribution and compensate for the losses caused, unless other consequences are established by the constituent agreement.  

The property of the partnership remaining after this is distributed among the general partners and investors in proportion to their shares in the joint capital of the partnership, unless a different procedure is established by the constituent agreement or agreement of the general partners and investors.  

The inheritance of a participant in a limited partnership who was an investor includes the share of this investor in the share capital of the partnership. The inheritance of a participant in a limited liability company or an additional liability company includes the share of this participant in the authorized capital of the company, unless the charter of the company stipulates that such a transfer of the share to the heirs is allowed only with the consent of the remaining participants of the company. Refusal to consent to the transfer of a share entails the obligation of the company to pay its value to the heirs in the prescribed manner.  

The inheritance of a participant in a limited partnership who was an investor includes the share of this investor in the share capital of the partnership.  

The foundation agreement contains: name, location, procedure for managing the general partnership; the size and composition of the partnership's share capital; the size and procedure for changing the shares of each participant in the share capital; riz-measures, composition, terms and procedure for making contributions; liability of participants for violation of obligations to make contributions. The management of a general partnership is carried out by general agreement of all participants. The constituent agreement may provide for cases when a decision is made by a majority vote of the participants. Each participant in a general partnership has one vote, regardless of whether he is authorized to conduct the affairs of the partnership or has the right to familiarize himself with all documentation for the conduct of affairs.  

The foundation agreement contains: name, location, procedure for managing the general partnership; the size and composition of the partnership's share capital; the size and procedure for changing the shares of each participant in the share capital; the size, composition, timing and procedure for making contributions; liability of participants for violation of obligations to make contributions. The management of a general partnership is carried out by general agreement of all participants. The constituent agreement may provide for cases when a decision is made by a majority vote of the participants. Each participant in a general partnership has one vote, regardless of whether he is authorized to conduct the affairs of the partnership or has the right to familiarize himself with all documentation for the conduct of affairs.  

The inheritance of a participant in a general partnership or a general partner in a limited partnership includes the right to the value of the share of this participant in the joint capital of the partnership, unless otherwise provided by the constituent agreement. If an heir is accepted as a participant in a general partnership (clause 2 of Article 78) or as a general partner in a limited partnership, the value of the share is not paid to him.  

The existence of any business company at first is carried out through contributions from its founders. In joint-stock companies and LLCs, these contributions form the authorized capital. Share capital is the authorized capital of partnerships. Read on for more details on how it is formed, registered and taken into account.

Definition

A business partnership is a commercial organization with capital divided into parts. Participants' contributions form the organization's property. Let's consider existing species organizations.

General partnership

The participants of this organization, under a concluded agreement, are engaged in entrepreneurial activities on behalf of the partnership. They are liable for obligations to the extent of the property they own. This category includes individual entrepreneurs and commercial organizations. All property of such partnerships belongs to the society.

A minimum of two people can participate in one partnership. One person can only belong to one society. All participants sign the memorandum of association and pay the contribution. Management is carried out jointly. Each person acts on his behalf, unless otherwise stated in the contract.

When conducting business together, any transaction requires a unanimous decision of all participants. If one or more people are conducting business, then the remaining members must receive a power of attorney to conduct business. Net income/losses are distributed among participants in the same ratio as shares in capital. All participants bear joint liability for obligations in the capital.

Limited partnership

A limited partnership differs from the previous one in that, in addition to general partners, it also includes investors. The latter bear risks within the limits of the amounts contributed and do not participate in management entrepreneurial activity. Investors can be individual entrepreneurs, commercial organizations, citizens and legal entities. Government bodies cannot become investors in a limited partnership.

The partnership operates on the basis of a constituent agreement. Investors cannot act on behalf of the company even on the basis of a power of attorney. But they have the right:

  • receive part of the profit in the same proportion as the share in capital;
  • acquainted with annual report and balance.

A limited partnership can be liquidated after the departure of all participants. General partnerships may not be liquidated, but converted into limited partnerships.

Legislation

Authorized (share) capital is the registered deposits of the company's participants. The procedure for its formation is prescribed in the norms of the Civil Code. Some standards are detailed in the Federal Law “On LLC”.

Types of capital

IN business societies The authorized capital determines the size of net assets. It is a kind of guarantee of the return of funds to creditors. Therefore, the minimum amount of capital is prescribed at the legislative level - 100 or 1000 minimum wages.

No authorized capital is formed.

Share capital is the authorized capital of partnerships. We will present the process of its formation in more detail below.

Cooperatives are formed. Its members must make a 10% contribution by the time the organization is registered. The balance is repaid within one year. When creating a cooperative, the contribution is assessed by agreement of all members, and when a new participant joins, it is assigned by the board.

In state and municipal enterprises, the organization's stock capital is formed. Its size is determined by the owners. Participants are given three months from the date of registration to deposit all funds. The debt repayment date is considered the day the funds are transferred to a bank account or the property is transferred under the right of ownership. The authorized (share) capital of an organization cannot be divided into shares. Its minimum size for state enterprises is 5,000 minimum wages, and for municipal enterprises - 1,000 minimum wages.

Distribution of shares

The share capital is divided into shares of participants, but this does not lead to the same division of property. The owner of all property is the organization. The exception is cases when the right to use property is transferred as a contribution. Then the ownership rights remain with the founder.

The volume of capital is expressed in the monetary value of all deposits. The share of one founder is calculated as the ratio of his contribution to the total capital. It is expressed as a percentage or as a fraction. The amount of income, liquidation quota and the scope of rights of one participant are calculated in a similar ratio.

Capital Formation

The share capital of a general partnership is formed on the principle of subsidiary liability. That is, the organization is liable with all its property to creditors. These funds cannot be used as a guarantee for the payment of obligations.

The amount of share capital is prescribed in the constituent documents. Participation in its formation is the responsibility of the founders (Article 73 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). At the time of registration of the company, each member must make at least 50% of his contribution. The repayment terms of the remaining part are prescribed in the charter. In case of violation, the founder must pay 10% of the debt amount and compensate for the losses caused.

Where to begin?

In order to form the share capital of a partnership, before registering the organization, you need to open a bank account and deposit the minimum required amount. An account is opened on the basis of an application, copies of constituent documents certified by a notary, and a decision of the founders to create a company. This temporary account will only reflect transactions involving the transfer of funds to capital.

Formation of shares

The capital of any company can be formed not only from money, but also from securities, property, and other rights that have a monetary value. IN federal laws and the charter specifies specific types of property that cannot be used as contributions.

If the fund is formed from non-monetary assets, then the founder must indicate specific property, confirm that it is not part of any other organization, is not mortgaged, or is not under arrest. You also need to provide a monetary value of the transferred asset. If required, an independent examination can be ordered for these purposes. In some cases it is required by law. In particular, if the founder’s contribution to the LLC, paid for with property, exceeds 200 minimum wages. For this, the bar is set higher - 250 minimum wages.

Property contribution

Shared capital can be formed due to individually defined things. In this case, the founder is obliged to list their names, indicate the quantity, special characteristics (model, brand, manufacturer, etc.). For deposits in the form of things, the size, volume, weight, etc. are additionally indicated. For securities, the name of the holder, denomination, issuer, quantity, year of issue and monetary value are recorded. If we are talking about property rights, then their type, grounds for their occurrence, characteristics, and period of transfer should be indicated. Their value is stated in the form of a monetary value. Therefore, an object cannot be transferred as a contribution to the share capital intellectual property, "know-how". But the founder can transfer the right to use such an asset along with a registered license agreement. All this information, as well as the procedure and deadline for making contributions, is prescribed in the constituent documents. The fact that an asset is credited to the balance sheet is confirmed by a certificate signed by the chief accountant or manager.

Balance

In the balance sheet, the share capital is reflected on line 1310. The formation of the authorized capital is carried out using account 80 in the postings. The registered amount of contributions and the actual debt of the participants will be cut off separately. Let's look at typical wiring:

DT75 KT80 - capital formation.

DT10 (50, 41, 55, etc.) KT75 - receipt of contributions in the form of cash and property.

Analytics is carried out by founders, types of securities and stages of their issue.

In partnerships, account 80 is used to reflect information about the shares of each participant and is called “Deposits of partners.” The receipt of contributions is generated by posting DT51 KT80. Upon completion of the cooperation agreement, the property is returned to the members of the organization. This operation is recorded in the balance sheet by entry DT80 KT51.