Municipal autonomous educational institution
"Basic comprehensive school No. 19, Kandalaksha
Integrated lesson
“Through the pages of Pushkin's story
“Peasant Young Lady”
Developed
literature teacher Kotikova T.M.
THROUGH THE PAGES OF PUSHKIN’S STORY “THE PEASANT GIRL”
Lesson equipment. Portrait of A.S. Pushkin.
Set of painting reproductions
Russian artists.
Set of photographs of folk
peasant costume.
Phonograms of works by M. Glinka.
On the children's tables there are scissors, glue,
paints, colored paper.
Items for table setting.
Fragments of art. film “Young Lady-
peasant woman"
Board design. Lesson topic: “On the pages of the story by A.S.
Pushkin “The Young Lady-Peasant Woman”
Lesson epigraph:
I need to write stories here
like this: simple, short and clear.
A.S. Pushkin
New words:
landscape, facade, interior,
living room, nobility.
Lesson plan.
Teacher's word. Characteristics of the Pushkin era (first half of the 19th century.)
Conversation on the perception of the work.
Analysis of a literary passage.
Dramatizing an excerpt from a story.
Analysis of a literary passage.
Group task. Draw a landscape for Pushkin's story.
Teacher's word. Russian landscape on canvases of famous artists.
Analysis of a literary passage.
Teacher's word. Peasant dress in paintings by Russian artists and photographs.
Art workshop. Making details of a peasant costume.
Staging an excerpt from the story using manufactured parts of a peasant costume.
Teacher's word. Architecture of noble houses and estates through text analysis.
During the classes.
1. The word of the literature teacher.
In “Belkin’s Tales” (and in the story “ Stationmaster”, and in the story “Blizzard”, and in the story “The Young Lady-Peasant Woman”) Pushkin shows life as it was at that time, without inventing anything, without decorating it. He talks about the life of different classes and estates of Russian society: about petty officials, about the urban poor, about the provincial nobility.
Pushkin and the era of Pushkin - 19th century. What time was it? We lived in this era for a long time, studying Belkin’s Tale. Pushkin gave us a meeting with Samson Vyrin, with the heroes of the story “Blizzard”.
Let us turn today to the story “The Young Lady-Peasant Woman”. Let's reread the pages of this work. Let's live for some time with the heroes of the story in the era, which we will conditionally call Pushkin.
What do you know about the first half of the 19th century?
(-serfdom, there are two classes: nobility and peasants)
There was a metropolitan and local nobility. Most of the nobility preferred life in secluded corners of Russia to noisy cities. Pushkin himself preferred Mikhailovskoye and Boldino to Moscow and St. Petersburg. Him among rural landscape better written. We know a lot about the Pushkin era from fiction, memoirs, historical essays.
Count Minsky and Samson Vyrin. Two poles of life - luxury and poverty, material well-being and poverty. It is no coincidence that Pushkin showed the tragedy in the story “The Station Agent” little man, born from the time of serfdom, legalized, which allowed the strong, rich, and successful to ruin the lives of little people.
Without seeing the tears, without listening to the groan,
Chosen by Fate for the destruction of people,
Here the lordship is wild, without feeling, without Law,
Appropriated by a violent vine
And labor, and property, and the time of the farmer.
Leaning on an alien plow, submitting to the scourge,
Here skinny Slavery drags along the reins
The Relentless Owner
Village, 1812
But here we have before us another work, which was included in “Belkin’s Tale”. The work is surprisingly light and joyful.
2. Let's re-read the pages of this story and think:
Which artistic image this era was created by Pushkin in “The Peasant Young Lady”? (conversation on the perception of the work).
Where do the events depicted in the story take place? ( remote provinces Berestov, Muromsky).
What pictures of the provincial nobility arise when reading the story? (dinners, rest, hunting, guests.).
Which character did you like the most and why?
What pleasantly surprises us in the relationships between the characters? (ease, friendliness).
· How does the ending of the story make you feel?
3. Working with text.
Find in the text a description of the morning, the grove where Lisa and Alexei Berestov meet. Read the passage expressively.
Which artistic media used by the author in the description.
The art teacher continues the conversation
The teacher talks about Russian nature, depicted on the canvases of Russian artists Levitan, Polenov, Savrasov, Shishkin.
What colors would an artist use to paint this morning, the grove? (gold, blue, pink)
What is landscape?
Draw the landscape that you imagine thanks to Pushkin’s words (the work is done on sheets of paper attached to the board).
The literature teacher works with the rest of the class
Find and read the description of the peasant costume that the serf girls prepared for Lisa of Murom.
Name the details of a peasant dress.
Who made peasant clothes?
How did the peasants decorate their dresses?
The art teacher continues the conversation
A story about a peasant dress, a slide show of a collection of Russian costume of the 19th century from the collection of the Zagorsk State Historical and Art Museum-Reserve.
Group task (3-4 people)
Using colored paper, scissors, glue, etc., make the details of a peasant women's suit: headdress, beads, ribbons, rings, etc.
During group assignments, M.I.’s music plays. Glinka.
The art teacher continues the conversation
Summarizing group work artists. Performance evaluation.
Summing up the work on making parts of a peasant costume. .( best works used to create Lisa's costume).
4. Dramatizing excerpts of the story.
(Nastya asks for leave to visit Priluchino. She tells Lisa about Alexei Berestov)
(Date between Lisa and Alexei Berestov. The scenery is a landscape painted by a group of children.)
Find in the text a passage where G.I. accepts. Murom guests - Berestovs, father and son.
What did the living rooms look like in the houses of Russian nobles? What kind of furniture, what decorated the halls (watching a fragment of the film “The Young Lady-Peasant Woman”).
The art teacher continues the conversation
(A story about the architecture and interior of a noble estate of the 19th century. Demonstration of a reproduction of the painting by K.A. Zelentsov “In the rooms. Living room with columns on the mezzanine” 1833)
A literature teacher gives the lexical meaning of the words “interior”, “living room”, “facade”.
Group task (5-6 people)
Draw the interior details of the living room of a noble house.
The literature teacher continues the conversation
How does Muromsky receive guests? What does he treat them to?
Group task (2-3 people)
Table setting for a dinner party noble house 19th century.
Dramatization of excerpts from the story “The Young Lady-Peasant Woman” (The Berestovs at dinner with the Muromskys)
Literature teacher's final word
What artistic image of the era did Pushkin create in the story “The Young Lady-Peasant Woman?” (the era of joy, love, happiness, celebration).
Was this the norm in that era? (No. The norm of life is the tragedy of Samson Vyrin).
So, he idealized the era? The peasant girl Nastya and the landowner's daughter Lisa are friends. Landowner Alexei Berestov plays burners with the servants and is ready to marry the daughter of the blacksmith Akulina. No, Pushkin did not idealize. He wanted the life of landowners like Berestov and Muromsky to be the norm. This is what you need to strive for. After all, this story is about eternal values: love, mutual understanding, forgiveness, the beauty of nature, beautiful human relationships without deception, without pretense, Pushkin called for this.
Homework (variable)
Essay “My reading experience after reading Belkin’s Tales.”
Illustrations of your favorite episodes of the story.
Pick up musical composition, justify his choice for the episode he liked.
Preview:
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin
« Captain's daughter" 8th grade
Historical basis of the story. Features of the composition.
Goals : 1. Tell about the history of the creation of the story
2. Reveal the connection between “The Captain’s Daughter” and other works of Pushkin
3. Talk about the features of the composition
4. Develop the ability to answer questions coherently and logically
5. Foster a love of Russian history and Russian literature
Equipment: Electronic presentation, map of Russia in the 18th century, handouts
During the classes
1.Opening speech by the teacher.
Today in class we begin our acquaintance with Pushkin’s historical story “The Captain’s Daughter”. Our lesson will take place according to plan:
- Pushkin's movement towards prose
- Novel and story in Russian literature of the 30s of the 19th century
- Pushkin's requirements for a historical novel
- Pushkin's interest in the topic of popular uprisings
- The writer’s work on “The History of Pugachev” and “The Captain’s Daughter”
- Composition of the story
- Back in chapter 3 of “Eugene Onegin,” Pushkin talks about his desire to turn to realistic storytelling in prose. This was in 1824 in Odessa.
And in 1827, Pushkin was working on “Arap of Peter the Great.” 1830 - "Belkin's Tales" was completed, 1832 - 1833 - work on "Dubrovsky". Since the late 20s, prose has occupied a huge place in the writer’s work, although this does not mean a rejection of the poetic form.
- The development of prose in Pushkin’s work is also connected with the fact that in the 30s in Russian and foreign literature The novel and especially the story begin to develop widely.
Student's message about famous novels of that time (Marlinsky, Lazhechnikov, V. Scott)
- Pushkin closely follows the development of the novel and story. He formulates his requirements for a historical novel:“In our time, by the word novel we mean a historical era developed in fictional narrative».
- In the course of studying Pushkin’s work, we have already noted the poet’s interest in native history, to periods of great social upheaval, major turning points in the history of the country.
- The personality of which statesman evoked in the writer close attention? (Peter the First)
What are the works that describe the activities of Peter and his era? (“Poltava”, “ Bronze Horseman", "Arap of Peter the Great")
Why does the activity of Peter the Great arouse great interest in Pushkin?
In addition, the writer is also interested in the topic of popular uprisings.
- Pushkin's interest in the popular movement is not accidental. In the early 30s of the 19th century, peasant unrest broke out with great force. Among them is the uprising of military villagers in the Novgorod province. Pushkin follows its development with excitement. In 1833, the poet worked in historical archives. He turns to the Minister of War Chernyshev for permission to gain access to documents related to the investigative case about Pugachev. Pushkin motivates this by the fact that he planned to work on the history of Suvorov (Suvorov took part in the liquidation of the Pugachev rebellion). He gets permission and gets to work. In addition to working in the archives, Pushkin travels to Kazan, Simbirsk, Uralsk, Orenburg, and he also visited Berdskaya Sloboda, the capital of Pugachev. He talks with the surviving witnesses of those events. At the beginning of 1834, the historical work “The History of Pugachev” (“The History of the Pugachev Rebellion”) was published.
The idea for “The Captain's Daughter” arose in Pushkin even before working on “The History of Pugachev”, at the time when he was writing “Dubrovsky”.
Name characters the story "Dubrovsky"?
What conflict is at the heart of the work?
Why did Dubrovsky fail and disband his gang? (In the fight against Troyekurov, Dubrovsky acts as a hero-avenger for his own grievances; the fate of the people does not interest him).
Pushkin realized that he would not be able to depict a genuine peasant uprising using modern material. Therefore, he turns to the history of the Pugachev rebellion.
The figure of Emelyan Pugachev seems very bright and original to Pushkin. He is a figure of great historical significance.
Working with the map. Indicate the cities, areas covered by the uprising, talk about the reasons for the defeat.
Work on the story continues for several years. In 1836 it was completed and published in the Sovremennik magazine. Pushkin appeared in the story as a scientist-historian and artist who created the first realistic historical novel.
6. Working with epigraphs.
How do you understand the meaning of the expression, which is an epigraph to the entire story?
Why did Pushkin take exactly these words?
From whose perspective is the story told?
What are the main features of the story (accuracy, conciseness, swiftness in the development of action, no deviations from the plot, strict correspondence of the story to the chronology of events)
How would you define the main themes of the work? (1. Theme of the people's movement. “Honor, duty, loyalty - both in service and in love)
7. Summing up the lesson.
8. Homework:Read 1-2 chapters; retelling the passage “Meeting with the counselor”, or a message about Emelyan Pugachev, or compiling an article for the encyclopedia “Pugachev’s rebellion”
A. S. Pushkin became interested in the events of the Pugachev rebellion (judging by his letter to his brother) in 1824, during Mikhailov’s exile; asked to send the well-known, even fashionable (although, as it turned out, full of absurdities and nonsense) novel “False Peter III, or the Life and Adventures of the rebel Emelyan Pugachev.”
In the summer of 1832 (or, as Pushkinists believe, somewhat earlier), Pushkin sketched out the first plan for a story or novel known to us, in which the features of the future “Captain's Daughter” are discerned. After some time, a second one appeared, and then a third one; below it is the date: “Jan. 31.” 1833,” but the novel “didn’t work”... Why? - One of the reasons we see is that Pushkin, most likely, did not know the era of the Pugachev revolt so well as to write a historical novel.
Pushkin studied newspapers and books and soon knew “everything that was published by the government regarding Pugachev.”
At the beginning of February 1833, Pushkin turned to the Minister of War, Count Alexander Ivanovich Chernyshev, asking for permission to use materials from the military archive. He explained his desire with his intention to write “The History of the Generalissimo Prince of Italy, Count Suvorov-Rymniksky,” but Pushkin was interested not in the brilliant commander, but in the forbidden “peasant king” Emelka Pugachev: for the time being, his true intentions had to be hidden.
The answer came quickly - permission was received. At the end of February - beginning of March, Pushkin was already getting acquainted with the materials
Map of Pushkin's journey
The secret expedition of the Military Collegium, archival materials of the General Staff, and in April he began “The History of Pugachev” and completed the work in just five weeks. This speed is explained by the fact that “History” was probably conceived as an introduction to the novel, but quickly developed into an independent study that did not cross out the idea of the novel, but constituted its verified historical basis.
In September, Pushkin visited the sites of the Pugachev rebellion in Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Simbirsk, Orenburg, Uralsk, interviewed old people, contemporaries and witnesses of the peasant war, recorded their stories, devotions, songs; collected materials in provincial archives.
In October he arrived in Boldino; put the papers in order here, wrote a new preface to “The History of Pugachev” and, returning to St. Petersburg, addressed the head of the III department of His Imperial Majesty’s Chancellery, Adjutant General A. Kh. Benckendorff with a letter:
“Dear Sir Count Alexander Khristoforovich!
Although I tried as little as possible to use my precious permission to bother the attention of the sovereign emperor, I now dare to ask for the highest permission: I once thought of writing a historical novel dating back to the time of Pugachev, but, having found a lot of materials, I abandoned fiction and wrote the history of Pugacheashchina. I dare to ask, through Your Excellency, permission to submit it for the highest consideration.”
The Tsar read the manuscript, made 23 amendments, noticed that the title “The History of Pugachev” would be better replaced by “The History of the Pugachev Rebellion” (with which Pushkin agreed: “the Tsar’s name, we admit, is more accurate”), and not only allowed the book to be printed, but also the expenses According to the publication, he attributed it to his own account: Pushkin received a loan of 20,000 rubles.
In December 1834, “The History of the Pugachev Rebellion” was published. The book was greeted coldly. The circulation sold out poorly, and the Minister of Public Education Sergei Semenovich Uvaroa “shouted” about it “as an outrageous composition.” In Pushkin's time the word "outrage" had next value: “to excite, disturb, disturb, incite to grumbling, displeasure, rebellion, to cause an uprising.”
What was it that excited and alarmed the minister so much? What “outrageous” did he find in “The History of the Pugachev Rebellion”? What does this even mean? historical work the great Poet of Russia?
Pushkin was the first to make a hole in the decree on eternal tradition
The history of the creation of the story "The Captain's Daughter"
From mid-1832, A.S. Pushkin began work on the history of the uprising led by Emelyan Pugachev. The poet was given the opportunity to get acquainted with the king classified materials about the uprising and the actions of the authorities to suppress it. Pushkin turns to unpublished documents from family archives and private collections. His “Archival Notebooks” contain copies of Pugachev’s personal decrees and letters, extracts from reports on military operations with Pugachev’s detachments.
In 1833, Pushkin decides to go to those places in the Volga and Urals regions where the uprising took place. He looks forward to meeting eyewitnesses of these events. Having received permission from Emperor Nicholas I, Pushkin leaves for Kazan. “I’ve been in Kazan since the fifth. Here I was busy with old people, contemporaries of my hero; I traveled around the outskirts of the city, examined the battle sites, asked questions, wrote down notes, and was very pleased that it was not in vain that I visited this side,” he writes to his wife Natalya Nikolaevna on September 8. Next, the poet goes to Simbirsk and Orenburg, where he also visits the battle sites and meets with contemporaries of the events.
The “History of Pugachev”, written in Boldin in the fall of 1833, was formed from materials about the riot. This work of Pushkin was published in 1834 under the title “The History of the Pugachev Rebellion”, which was given to him by the emperor. But Pushkin had a plan work of art about the Pugachev uprising of 1773–1775. It arose while working on Dubrovsky in 1832. The plan of the novel about a renegade nobleman who found himself in Pugachev’s camp changed several times. This is also explained by the fact that the topic that Pushkin addressed was ideologically and politically acute and complex. The poet could not help but think about the censorship obstacles that had to be overcome. Archival materials, stories of living Pugachevites, which he heard during a trip to the site of the uprising of 1773–1774, could be used with great caution.
According to the original plan, the hero of the novel was to be a nobleman who voluntarily went over to Pugachev’s side. His prototype was second lieutenant of the 2nd Grenadier Regiment Mikhail Shvanovich (in the plans of the novel Shvanvich), who “preferred a vile life to an honest death.” His name was mentioned in the document “On the death penalty for the traitor, rebel and impostor Pugachev and his accomplices.” Later, Pushkin chose the fate of another real participant in Pugachev’s events - Basharin. Basharin was captured by Pugachev, escaped from captivity and entered the service of one of the suppressors of the uprising, General Mikhelson. The name of the main character changed several times until Pushkin settled on the surname Grinev. In the government report on the liquidation of the Pugachev uprising and the punishment of Pugachev and his accomplices dated January 10, 1775, Grinev’s name was listed among those who were initially suspected of “communication with the villains,” but “as a result, turned out to be innocent” and were released from arrest. As a result, instead of one hero-nobleman in the novel, there were two: Grinev was contrasted with a nobleman-traitor, the “vile villain” Shvabrin, which could make it easier to carry the novel through censorship barriers.
Pushkin continued to work on this work in 1834. In 1836 he reworked it. October 19, 1836 is the date of completion of work on The Captain's Daughter. “The Captain’s Daughter” was published in the fourth issue of Pushkin’s Sovremennik at the end of December 1836, a little over a month before the poet’s death.
What is the genre of The Captain's Daughter? Pushkin wrote to the censor, handing over the manuscript: “The name of the girl Mironova is fictitious. My novel is based on legend...” Pushkin explained what a novel is: “In our time, by the word novel we mean a historical era developed in a fictional narrative.” That is, Pushkin considered his work historical novel. And yet, “The Captain’s Daughter”, a small work, is more often called a story in literary criticism.