(D. Likhachev)
Composition
What place does literature occupy in people's lives? What does reading give us? How to choose the right books? How important is it to read a book “disinterestedly”, with something interesting? Academician Dmitry Likhachev invites us to reflect on the problem of correct reading.
The text talks about the fact that books and reading can become a way of life for every person, you just have to choose the right book, because, according to Likhachev, it serves as “a guide to other eras and to other peoples, it opens people’s hearts to us.” Literature is of great importance in people’s lives, it gives us “a colossal, extensive and deepest experience of life”, brings wisdom, enriches inner world person, raising him.
D. S. Likhachev encourages us to read books meaningfully, thoughtfully, delving into every little detail, because it is in the little things that the most interesting and mysterious lies. You need to immerse yourself in reading not for the sake of someone else, but for yourself. The author believes that the most important is classical literature, which has stood the test of time, but he does not reject modern literature, because only it can answer many questions of our time. And in order to truly understand and love a book, you need to re-read it several times.
Tatyana Larina, main character novel in verse by A. S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”, had the same feeling for books strong love, which I also feed. “Now with what attention she / Reads a sweet novel, / With what living charm / Drinks seductive deception!” Tatyana read books, imagining herself in the place of the main heroines of the novels: immersed in reading with her head, she shared with them the feelings that owned them.
I spent unforgettable minutes with L. N. Tolstoy’s epic novel “War and Peace.” Worried about Andrei Bolkonsky, worried about the fate of Marya Bolkonskaya, surprised by the actions of Pierre Bezukhov, I read page after page. I immediately fell in love with Princess Marya, and I could not leave the book closed: my worries about the princess forced me to open the novel I loved again and again. And the joy I felt when I found out that Marya had finally found happiness with Nikolai Rostov cannot be expressed in words.
The more books I read, the more often I find “my” books, the more I understand Likhachev’s words: “there are many books without which you cannot live.”
The main (but, of course, not the only) way of one’s intellectual development is reading.
Reading should not be random. This is a huge waste of time, and time is the greatest value that cannot be wasted on trifles. You should read according to the program, of course, without strictly following it, moving away from it where additional interests for the reader appear. However, with all deviations from the original program, it is necessary to draw up a new one for yourself, taking into account the new interests that have arisen.
Reading, in order to be effective, must interest the reader. It is necessary to develop an interest in reading in general or in certain branches of culture. Interest can be largely the result of self-education.
Creating reading programs for yourself is not so easy, and this should be done in consultation with knowledgeable people, with existing reference guides of various types.
The danger of reading is the development (conscious or unconscious) of a tendency towards “diagonal” viewing of texts or various types of speed reading methods.
“Speed reading” creates the appearance of knowledge. It can be allowed only in certain types of professions, being careful not to create the habit of speed reading; it leads to attention disorder.
Have you noticed how great an impression is made by those works of literature that are read in a calm, leisurely and unhurried environment, for example on vacation or during some not very complex and non-distracting illness?
Literature gives us a colossal, vast and profound experience of life. It makes a person intelligent, develops in him not only a sense of beauty, but also understanding - an understanding of life, all its complexities, serves as a guide to other eras and to other peoples, opens the hearts of people to you. In a word, it makes you wise.
If you didn’t read the work carefully the first time, read it again, for the third time. A person should have favorite works that he turns to repeatedly, which he knows in detail, which he can remind others about in the right environment and thereby either lift the mood, or defuse the situation (when irritation against each other accumulates), or make them laugh, or simply express your attitude towards what happened to you or someone else.
My literature teacher taught me “disinterested” reading at school. I studied in the years when teachers were often forced to be absent from classes - either they were digging trenches near Leningrad, or they had to help some factory, or they were simply sick. Leonid Vladimirovich (that was the name of my literature teacher) often came to class when the other teacher was absent, casually sat down on the teacher’s table and, taking books out of his briefcase, offered us something to read. We already knew how he could read, how he could explain what he read, laugh with us, admire something, be amazed at the art of the writer and rejoice at what was to come.
So we listened to many passages from “War and Peace,” “ The captain's daughter", several stories by Maupassant, an epic about Nightingale Budimirovich, another epic about Dobrynya Nikitich, a story about Grief-Misfortune, Krylov's fables, Derzhavin's odes and much, much more. I still love what I listened to back then as a child. And at home, father and mother loved to read in the evenings. We read for ourselves, and some of the passages we liked were read for us. Read Leskov, Mamin-Sibiryak, historical novels- everything that they liked and that we gradually began to like.
“Disinterested” but interesting reading is what makes you love literature and what broadens a person’s horizons.
Know how to read not only for school answers and not only because everyone is reading this or that thing now - it’s fashionable. Know how to read with interest and slowly.
Why is TV now partially replacing books? Yes, because TV forces you to slowly watch some program, sit comfortably so that nothing disturbs you, it distracts you from your worries, it dictates to you how to watch and what to watch.
But try to choose a book to your liking, take a break from everything in the world for a while, sit comfortably with a book, and you will understand that there are many books that you cannot live without, which are more important and more interesting than many programs. I'm not saying stop watching TV. But I say: look with choice. Spend your time on things that are worth spending. Read more and read with greater choice. Determine your choice yourself, depending on the role of the book you have chosen in history. human culture to become a classic. This means that there is something significant in it. Or maybe this essential for the culture of mankind will be essential for you too?
Classic– one that has stood the test of time. With him you won't waste your time. But the classics cannot answer all questions today. Therefore, it is necessary to read modern literature. Don't just jump at every trendy book. Don't be fussy. Vanity causes a person to recklessly spend the largest and most precious capital he has - his time.
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Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev in the text I read makes me think about such a pressing problem in our world as reading. This topic worries many, because in our age of developed information technology modern man devotes less and less time to paper books. Nowadays, as the author rightly notes, people read more “for show”: what needs to be read “(whether according to the school curriculum or at the behest of fashion and vanity)”, and not for their own pleasure.
According to the author, read literary works it is necessary “in a calm, leisurely and unhurried atmosphere” in order for the most important thing to be revealed: what the writer wanted to convey to the heart, to the soul of the reader who picked up the book. “Uninterested” but interesting reading is what makes you love literature and what broadens your horizons person," says Likhachev. Literature, according to Dmitry Sergeevich, with “complete immersion” can do amazing things with a person: make him intelligent, develop “not only a sense of beauty, but also an understanding of life, all its complexities” and much, much more.
The author’s position is that you need to read more and read “with the greatest choice.” Likhachev urges us not to waste the largest and most precious capital we have - our time on "vanity",
Criteria
- 1 of 1 K1 Formulation of source text problems
- 3 of 3 K2
Literature gives us a colossal, vast and profound experience of life. It makes a person intelligent, develops in him not only a sense of beauty, but also understanding - an understanding of life, all its complexities, serves as a guide to other eras and to other peoples, opens the hearts of people to you. In a word, it makes you wise.
A person should have favorite works that he turns to repeatedly, which he knows in detail, which he can remind others about in the right environment and thereby either lift the mood, or defuse the situation, or make you laugh, or simply express your attitude towards what happened to you or with someone else.
“Uninterested” but interesting reading is what makes you love literature and what broadens a person’s horizons.
Try to choose a book to your liking, take a break from everything in the world for a while, sit comfortably with a book, and you will understand that there are many books that you cannot live without.
Read more and read with greater choice. Determine your choice yourself, depending on the role the book you have chosen has acquired in the history of human culture in order to become a classic. This means that there is something significant in it. Or maybe this essential for the culture of mankind will be essential for you too?
A classic is one that has stood the test of time. With him you won't waste your time. But the classics cannot answer all the questions of today. Therefore, it is necessary to read modern literature. Don't just jump at every trendy book. Don't be fussy. Vanity makes a person recklessly spend the largest and most precious capital he has - his time.
Russian language lesson in 9th grade.
Lesson topic : Preparing to write concise presentation in the State Examination Paper.
Lesson Objectives :
Develop basic skills in working with text: learn to see the structure of the text, identify micro-topics, find theses and arguments, distinguish between main and secondary information.
Strengthen your skills brief retelling text, observing logical connections between its parts.
Learn to compress text using basic techniques: generalization and exclusion.
Continue to instill in schoolchildren a love of books and reading.
Lesson type : speech development lesson.
Equipment : text by D.S. Likhachev for writing a concise presentation (from the collection “Dictations and presentations in the Russian language”. Publishing house “Exam” Moscow 2012)
Progress of the lesson.
Organizational moment.
Communicating to students the topic and objectives of the lesson.
Teacher's opening speech.
Guys, you know that one of the parts of the exam paper in the Russian language is writing a concise summary. This type of work with text requires knowledge of the structure of the text, the correct selection of its semantic parts, and the ability to use text compression techniques.
What does the word "compressed" mean?
What text compression techniques do we know?
On students' desks: text by D.S. Likhachev for writing a concise presentation (from the collection “Dictations and presentations in the Russian language.” Publishing house “Exam” Moscow 2012).
Text by D.S. Likhacheva.
Every person has a responsibility to take care of his own intellectual development. This is a duty to the society in which he lives and to himself.
The main (but, of course, not the only) way of one’s intellectual development is reading.
Reading, in order to be effective, must interest the reader. Interest in reading in general or in certain branches of culture
tours need to be developed in yourself. Interest may be largely
the result of self-education.
Why is TV now partially replacing books? Yes, because TV forces you to slowly watch some program, sit comfortably so that nothing disturbs you, it distracts you from your worries, it dictates to you how to watch and what to watch. But try to choose a book to your liking, take a break from everything in the world for a while, sit comfortably with a book, and you will understand that there are many books that you cannot live without, which are more important and more interesting than many programs. I'm not saying stop watching TV. But I say: look with choice. Spend your time on things that are worth spending. Read more and read with greater choice. Determine your choice yourself, depending on the role the book you have chosen has acquired in the history of human culture. To become a classic. This means that there is something significant in it. Or maybe this essential for the culture of mankind will be essential for you too?
A classic work is one that has stood the test of time. With him you won't waste your time. But the classics cannot answer all the questions of today. Therefore, it is necessary to read modern literature. Don't just jump at every trendy book. Don't be fussy. Vanity causes a person to recklessly spend the largest and most precious capital he has - his time.
4.Work according to the text.
Read the text. What type of speech does it belong to? (Reasoning).
What is the main idea of the text? (Main idea: reading is the main way of human intellectual development).
Remember the definition of the main concepts: microtheme, thesis, argument.
How can you title the text? “Reading is the basis of human development,” “Love reading.”
How many parts does the text consist of? The text consists of six parts.
Highlight the main ideas of each micro-topic.
№ Paragraph Microtheme
1 Every person needs to take care of his own
intellectual development.
2 Reading is the main way of intellectual
development.
3 Interest in reading - result
self-education.
literature gives understanding of life.
choice.
modern literature. The main thing is not to be
vain, don't waste time.
Since this text relates to reasoning, it is necessary to highlight the author’s thesis and arguments.
Thesis: Reading is the main way of human intellectual development.
Arguments: 1) It is necessary to develop an interest in reading. 2) Reading with pleasure makes a person wise and develops an understanding of life. 3)Read more and with the greatest choice. 4) Modern literature provides answers to today's questions.
8.Work on text compression.
We will compress the text using methods of excluding and summarizing information.
In our work we will combine the first three paragraphs of the source text:
Every person should take care of his intellectual development through reading. It must be interesting to the reader. Interest in reading is the result of a person’s self-education.
The first sentence states the author's thesis. We use generalization of sentences that are close in meaning, combining them into one. Next we use the exclusion technique homogeneous members and replacement complex sentence simple.
The next paragraph contains arguments and evidence of the author’s thesis.
Literature gives life experience, makes a person wise and intelligent, develops an understanding of life. All this is possible only when you read with pleasure and delve into every little detail. Watch TV shows and read books with serious choices. Don't waste time on unimportant works. Pay attention to both classical and modern literature. She will give answers to today's questions.
Here we have excluded repetitions of words (understanding, little things ), author's explanation in parentheses (whether according to the school curriculum or at the behest of fashion and vanity ), interrogative sentences. Sentence structures have been made simpler. We summarize sentences connected by one thought.
Therefore, read more, but do not be vain in your choice of literature. This will save you from losing your greatest value - time.
We replaced part of the sentence with a pronoun, eliminated repetitions of words and homogeneous members of the sentence. Sentences that are similar in meaning were generalized.
Logical connections between parts of the text provide words of one thematic group(book, reading, literature), summary words (therefore), use of personal and demonstrative pronouns.
5. Summing up the lesson.
What text compression techniques did we use?
Were all lesson objectives achieved?