Direct author's description of Nozdryov. The image and characteristics of Nozdryov in the poem Dead Souls by Gogol essay

Nozdryov- a dashing 35-year-old “talker, carouser, reckless driver”; the third landowner with whom Chichikov starts bargaining for dead souls Oh.

The acquaintance takes place in Chapter 1, at dinner with the Prosecutor; resumes accidentally - in the inn (chapter 4). Chichikov heads from Korobochka to Sobakevich. Nozdryov, in turn, together with his “son-in-law Mezhuev” returns from the fair, where he drank and lost everything, including the crew. N. immediately lures Chichikov to his estate, simultaneously certifying Sobakevich as a “Jew,” and the hero of the novel himself (not too willing to agree to follow N.) as Opodeldok Ivanovich. Having delivered the guests, he immediately leads them to show the housekeeping. Starts with a stable, continues with a wolf cub, who is fed only one raw meat, and a pond where (according to N.’s stories, invariably fantastic) there are pikes, each of which can only be pulled out by two fishermen. After the kennel, where N. among the dogs looks “exactly like the father of the family,” the guests head to the field; Here, of course, Russians are caught with their hands.

N. is not too concerned about lunch (they sit down at the table only at 5 o’clock), since food is far from the main thing in his hectic life. But N. has an abundance of drinks, and, not content with their “natural” quality, the owner comes up with incredible “compositions” (bourgoignon and champagne together; rowan wine “with the taste of cream,” which, however, tastes like fusel). At the same time, N. spares himself; Noticing this, Chichikov slowly pours out his glasses too. However, the next morning, the owner, who “spared” himself, appears to Chichikov in a dressing gown, under which there is nothing but an open chest, overgrown with “some kind of beard,” and with a pipe in his teeth - and, as befits a hussar hero, he assures that in his mouth "The squadron spent the night." Whether you have a hangover or not is not at all important; the only important thing is that a decent reveler must suffer from binge drinking.

The “false hangover” motif is important to the author in one more respect. The night before, during the bargaining, N. quarreled to death with Chichikov: he refused to play cards with the violent “seller” for dead souls; refused to buy a stallion of “Arabian blood” and receive souls “in addition.” But just as N.’s evening cockiness cannot be attributed to alcohol fumes, so the morning peacefulness cannot be explained by forgetting everything that was done in a drunken stupor. N.’s behavior is motivated by one single thing spiritual quality: unrestrained, bordering on unconsciousness.

N. does not conceive anything, does not plan, does not “mean”; he simply does not know the limits in anything. Having recklessly agreed to play checkers with him for the soul (since checkers are not marked), Chichikov almost becomes a victim of Nozdryov’s revelry. Souls put “at stake” are valued at 100 rubles; N. moves three checkers at a time with the cuff of his sleeve and thus moves one of them into kings - leaving Chichikov no choice but to mix the pieces. Retribution seems inevitable. The mighty Porfiry and Petrushka seize the hero; N. shouts in excitement: “Beat him!” Chichikov is saved only by the appearance of a formidable police captain with a huge mustache, parodying deus ex machina (“god from the machine”) ancient Greek tragedy, and at the same time the finale of The Inspector General.

The retreating Chichikov hopes that the first meeting with N. will be the last; however, they still have two more meetings, one of which (Chapter 8, scene of the provincial ball) almost destroys the buyer of the “dead souls.” Suddenly encountering Chichikov, N. shouts loudly: “Ah, Kherson landowner, Kherson landowner!<...>he trades dead souls! - which gives rise to a wave of incredible rumors. When officials of the city of NN, completely confused in the “versions,” call on N., he immediately confirms all the rumors, without being embarrassed by their contradictory nature (chapter 9). Chichikov bought several thousand worth of dead souls; he is a spy, a counterfeiter; was going to take away the governor's daughter; priest Sidor from the village of Trukhmachevka was to officiate the wedding for 75 rubles; Chichikov - Napoleon; N. ends up with complete nonsense. And then he himself (in the 10th chapter) informs the “Kherson landowner” about these rumors, paying him a visit without an invitation. Once again, completely forgetting about the insult, N. offers Chichikov help in “taking away” the governor’s daughter, and for only three thousand.

Like all the other heroes of the poem, N. seems to “transfer” the outlines of his soul onto the outlines of his life. Everything at home is a mess. There are wooden trestles in the middle of the dining room; there are no books or papers in the office; “Turkish” daggers hang on the wall (on one Chichikov sees the inscription: master Savely Sibiryakov); N.’s favorite organ, which he calls an organ, begins to play the tune “Malbrug went on a hike,” and ends with a familiar waltz, and one lively pipe cannot calm down for a long time.

N.'s surname connects him with the comic characters of Russian “nosological” literature, whose humorous flavor was provided by endless jokes about the characters’ noses. Clothes (striped arkhaluk), appearance (blood and milk; thick black hair, sideburns), gestures (dearly throws off his cap), manners (immediately switches to “you”, tries to kiss, calls everyone either “darlings” or “fetkzhas”) , continuous lies, cockiness, passion, unconsciousness, readiness to spoil your best friend without any purpose - all this from the very beginning creates a recognizable literary and theatrical image of a violent clicker. N. is recognizably associated with the vaudeville type Buyanov, with Khlestakov from The Inspector General. But unlike the “complex” Khlestakov, who in his inspired lies overcomes the wretchedness of his own existence, N. does not “overcome” anything. He simply lies and shits “out of the briskness and glibness of his character.” A typical episode is in which N. shows Chichikov and Mezhuev his possessions - and, leading them to the “border” (a wooden post and a narrow ditch), suddenly, unexpectedly for himself, begins to assure: “... everything you see on this side , all this is mine, and even on the other side, all this forest that turns blue over there, and everything that is beyond the forest, everything is mine.” This “overkill” brings to mind Khlestakov’s uncontrollably fantastic lies. But if N. overcomes anything, it is not himself, not his social inferiority, but only the spatial tightness of the surrounding life; his truly boundless lie is the flip side of Russian prowess, which N. is endowed with in abundance. And unlike the “nosological” characters, from the Buyanovs, from Pirogov, from Chertokutsky and similar empty heroes, N. is not completely empty. His violent energy, which does not find proper use (N. can play solitaire recklessly for weeks, forgetting about everything in the world), nevertheless gives his image strength, a bright individuality, and puts him in a relatively high place in the peculiar hierarchy of negative types developed by Gogol - “ third from bottom."

Essentially, if before N. Chichikov (and the reader) meet hopeless, mentally dead characters, which do not and cannot have a place in the future, transformed Russia (the image of which was to be created in the 3rd volume of the poem), then with N. begins a series of heroes who have retained at least something alive in themselves. At least a lively, with all his stupidity, character and a lively, rudely vulgar, but expressive speech(the countess, whose hands are the most delicate superflue; dogs with the “strength of black meat”, etc.). That is why N. is endowed with a certain conditional semblance of a biography (whereas Manilov is completely devoid of a biography, and Korobochka has only a hint of a biographical background). Even if this “biography” is parodic and monotonous: “robbery” adventures “ historical figure" That is, a person who always ends up in all sorts of stories. That is why, having appeared on the pages of the novel back in the 1st chapter, he not only actively acts in two chapters, 4th and 6th, but also participates in chapters from 8 to 10. His image does not seem to fit within the closed boundaries of a single episode; N.’s relationship with the novel’s space is built according to the same type as his relationship with space as such - “all this is mine, and even on the other side<...>everything is mine." It is no coincidence that the author brings Chichikov together with N. in a tavern - that is, on the way back to the side road lost by the coachman Selifan, symbolizing the path to the future.

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Landowner Nozdryov from the story by N.V. Gogol - another one characteristic type landowners of that time. He is collectively, which exposes the characteristic shortcomings and behavioral characteristics of several people united by similar personality and character traits.

Nozdryov family

Nozdryov is one of the landowners of the city of N. At the time of the story, he is 35 years old. He was once a married man, but his married life did not last long. Soon his wife died, Nozdryov did not remarry, quite possibly because he was not predisposed to family life. In marriage with his wife, they had two children, but their fate and upbringing are not of interest to Nozdryov - he is more interested in the personality of his children’s nanny, who had a pretty appearance, than in the children themselves.

Dear readers! We invite you to familiarize yourself with what is described in the poem by N.V. Gogol “Dead Souls”.

One gets the impression that Nozdryov is interested in everything, except for his children, he even treats his dogs much better than he treats them.

Nozdryov was not the only child in the family - he also has a sister. It is known that she married woman. Her husband is a certain Mr. Mizhuev. He is not only a relative of Nozdryov, but also best friend. In his company, Nozdryov often appears at fairs, and together they are engaged in carousing. According to Nozdrev's son-in-law, his wife is not at all similar in character to her brother - she is sweet and good woman.

Mizhuev often denounces Nozdryov’s lies, but still does not leave the category of friends - their common passion for drinking and carousing makes them related and does not allow them to quarrel.

Appearance

The landowner Nozdryov stood out favorably in appearance compared to all the other landowners of District N - he was a prominent and attractive man. Nozdryov had a round, ruddy face, his cheeks were childishly full. When Nozdryov burst into laughter, his cheeks trembled funny. He had teeth as white as snow and dark hair. Nozdryov's face was favorably framed by pitch-black sideburns. From time to time, his sideburns suffered severely in desperate fights with card “friends,” but after the brawl they grew back just as thick.

The landowner's body was also covered with hair - on his chest it was as thick as on his head and more like a beard.

Nozdryov's height was average, and his body could not be called athletic, but it was not flabby either.

Despite his unbalanced life schedule, Nozdryov seemed to be the embodiment of health - and was a man of “blood and milk”: “health seemed to be dripping from his face.”

Gogol doesn’t talk much about the peculiarities of Nozdryov’s wardrobe. It is known that the landowner preferred a caftan of Caucasian cut, which was the national clothing of the mountain peoples - arkhaluk. In addition, he wears a robe at home. He usually wore a robe over his naked body. He was dressed casually, so one could see his thickly haired chest without effort.

Peasants and the village of Nozdreva

Nikolai Vasilyevich says little about the living conditions of the peasants and the state of the village. Based on Nozdryov’s own lifestyle, it can be assumed that he has a good income from his estate - so good that he can afford to live in grand style and not do business. Nozdryov has a clerk - it is he who deals with all the affairs of the landowner.

Since Nozdryov was very fond of boasting about everything he could, the fact that he did not do the same in relation to his village or peasants suggests that not everything was so good on his estate, but the fact that there are many “dead souls” in him once again confirms this idea.

On our website we invite you to find out about N.V. Gogol’s work “Dead Souls”, follow his character and description of his appearance.

When Chichikov comes to Nozdryov, he shows him his farm: first the landowner shows his horses. There wasn’t much to boast about here - Nozdryov lost some horses at cards, so part of the cost was empty. Among the horses, Chichikov was shown two mares and a nondescript-looking stallion, but, according to the owner, very expensive. The next curiosity on Nozdryov’s estate was a wolf, which the owner kept on a leash and fed raw meat.

The wolf was followed by a pond with incredibly sized fish. Chichikov, however, was not able to look at this extraordinary fish, but Nozdryov assured that it was not sometimes that two people were required to pull the fish out of the pond - it was so big.

Nozdryov’s greatest pride and weakness were dogs - of different breeds and colors. Nozdryov had a huge number of them, the landowner loved and cherished them to such an extent that they could be equated to full-fledged relatives: “Nozdryov was among them just like a father among the family; all of them, immediately throwing their tails up, which is called by the rules of dogs, flew straight towards the guests and began to greet them.”

On his estate there is a water mill and a forge. It is likely that Nozdryov’s peasants are skilled workers and craftsmen, since the landowner boasts that he always manages to sell his goods at the fair at the highest price.

This was not the end of Nozdryov’s household, but the reasons for boasting ended - the roads on his estate were terribly neglected, the fields were so low that water “champed” from the ground:

“In many places their feet squeezed out the water beneath them, the place was so low. At first they were careful and stepped carefully, but then, seeing that it was of no use, they walked straight on, not distinguishing where there was more and where there was less dirt.”

Of all his serfs, the reader can get acquainted with only some representatives. Most of the attention in the story is paid to the cook, who, apparently, was not distinguished by culinary skills - he mixed completely incompatible ingredients, it seemed that whatever came to hand first ended up in his dishes.

In the story you can see a meager description of the servant Porfiry, who wears an arkhaluk to match his master, however, his caftan is in a deplorable state and is already quite worn out.

In the dining room one could see his two serfs - they were busy whitewashing the room, but their detailed description appearance Gogol doesn’t show any specifics about the condition of the costume. It is known that they carried out their work while singing some monotonous and seemingly endless song. It can be assumed that Nozdryov was not distinguished by authoritarianism towards his serfs - his house was not clean, and in the dining room, in addition to general desolation, one could see the remains of food and crumbs.

Nozdryov Estate

Nikolai Vasilyevich does not provide an external description of Nozdryov’s estate. The internal state is also not exposed to detailed images.

In general, Nozdryov was not a good owner, he disdainfully treated his estate and farm, he liked to enjoy the fruits, but did not strive to ensure his future and the future of his children. In his house one could feel the absence of a woman's hand - the tasteless decoration of the house was complemented by general disorder and garbage.

For Nozdryov, this state of affairs did not present any inconvenience - for him it was a common thing.

Nozdryov's office was little like classic workrooms - there were no papers or books. And for the landowner this was unnecessary - the manager of his estate was in charge of the affairs of his estate, and Nozdryov was accustomed to spending his leisure time in other activities, for example, playing cards. Nozdryov's office was full of a variety of weapons: two guns, sabers, daggers.

In addition to weapons, in the office one could also see a collection of smoking pipes - different shapes and material, they finally turned the landowner’s office into a mini-museum.

Also in the office there was a mahogany organ, which Nozdryov began to demonstrate - however, the organ was not in perfect condition - from time to time it malfunctioned, its playing was more like a medley - the songs did not change one into another sequentially, after the end of the composition, but played fragmentarily in pieces mixed together. The organ-organ played on its own for some time after Nozdryov left it alone: ​​“Nozdryov had long ago stopped turning it, but there was one very lively pipe in the organ-organ, which did not want to calm down.”

Nozdryov’s dining room, at the time of Chichikov’s visit, was undergoing renovation work - two peasants were whitewashing it, standing on trestles: “In the middle of the dining room there were wooden trestles, and two men, standing on them, whitewashed the walls, singing some kind of endless song.”

Despite the renovation work, negligence in cleaning could be seen with the naked eye - crumbs and remnants of yesterday's food could be seen in the dining room: “There were traces of yesterday's lunch and dinner in the room; it seems that the floor brush was not touched at all. There were bread crumbs on the floor, and tobacco ash was even visible on the tablecloth.”

Judging by the way Nozdryov himself reacted to this state of affairs, it can be assumed that neither the crumbs, nor the food, nor the general garbage in his house bothered him, or rather, he did not notice them at all. He was extremely unpretentious in matters of home improvement.

Personality characteristics

First of all, what is striking in the image of Nozdryov is his desire to become “one of us” for a person. He quickly switches to “you” when communicating with a person, which especially unpleasantly impressed Chichikov, since, according to Pavel Ivanovich, such a transition was undeserved and went beyond the bounds of etiquette, but this does not bother Nozdryov. He often deviates from the norms of etiquette, and it is likely that he has never heard of some features and rules and does not even suspect not only that he is violating these rules, but also that such rules and norms exist at all. For example, his habits include talking and laughing very loudly. When Chichikov makes a deal with Nozdryov, he is surprised to discover how he loudly discusses the nuances of buying and selling, as if it were the most ordinary thing.

Perhaps such a cheeky tone is to some extent connected with his cheerful character and addiction to drinking. Nozdryov does not miss the opportunity to boast about what unusual wine he tried, and the champagne that is usually served in the governor’s house is just kvass in comparison.

Nozdryov loves revelry and all kinds of entertainment (in his understanding, one is inseparable from the first); he cannot imagine how one can live, depriving oneself of such good things and pleasant pastime. Nozdryov does not understand how some landowners can sit at home all the time - he cannot stay on his estate for more than one day - he is bored and does not know what to do with himself.

Nozdryov does not value his money. He despises misers who do not dare to spend an extra penny. It is likely that his attitude towards money was formed because Nozdryov himself works very little - only in cases where the business cannot advance without his intervention. He does not know the price that he has to pay for this or that entertainment - money comes to him easily and goes away just as easily.

Nozdryov's special passion was cards - he is a regular at the card table. However, playing honestly is not in the landowner’s rules - during the game he constantly cheats and deceives. Those around him have long known this attitude towards the card game, so they are always attentive to him while playing.

From time to time, Nozdryov was seen in machinations at the card table and was immediately subject to criticism and even beatings with hair being torn out, in particular his thick sideburns. This state of affairs does not bother Nozdryov - his sideburns grow quickly, and grievances are forgotten before the fight ends. A day later, Nozdryov is ready to sit down at the table to play cards along with the recent debaters, as if nothing had happened.

In general, Nozdryov is bad and a demon honest man. He often becomes the cause of troubles and problems in the lives of other people - Nozdryov can easily upset a wedding and cause the deal to be cancelled. The landowner never sees anything bad or bad in his actions. The reason for this is his addiction to fiction and gossip. Nozdryov often lies, even for the most innocuous reasons. “Nozdryov is a rubbish man, Nozdryov can lie, add more, spread God knows what, some other gossip will come out.”

Nozdryov has an explosive and unrestrained character - it costs him nothing to be rude to anyone or become a participant in a fight.

Thus, Nozdryov in Gogol’s story is shown as an ill-mannered person who does not know how to appreciate what he has. He is a bad owner, a bad father and a bad friend. Nozdryov gives preference not to his children, but to the dogs that he cares for and cherishes. Nozdryov is a constant participant in revelry, gossip and quarrels.

Characteristics of Nozdryov in the poem “Dead Souls”: description of appearance and character in quotes

For the first time in the work he appears in the city of NN. The reader does not learn anything special about him except that he was a card sharper. His whole being was somehow absurd: he was ridiculous, he spoke nonsense, without thinking about the consequences of his statements.

The author himself, depicting the image of Nozdryov, speaks of him as a “broken guy.” Actually, this is true, and all the hero’s actions emphasize this. Nozdryov is used to living for today, thinking little about the future. So, for example, he exchanged his winnings at cards for absolutely unnecessary items and things, which he lost to other, more successful players the very next day.

All this, according to Gogol himself, was due to some kind of nimbleness, liveliness and restlessness of the character of the hero. This “energy” forced Nozdryov to commit other actions, most of them rash and spontaneous.

Characteristics of the hero

Many writers of the first half of the 19th century assigned a huge role to the theme of Russia in their work. Like no one else, they saw the gravity of the situation of the serfs and the ruthless tyranny of officials and landowners. Moral values fade into the background, and money and position in society come to the fore. Serfdom underlies state system Russia. People do not strive for the best, are not interested in sciences and art, and do not try to leave any spiritual heritage for their descendants. Their goal is wealth. In his quest for profit, a person will stop at nothing: he will steal, deceive, sell. All this cannot but worry thinking people who are not indifferent to the fate of Russia. And, of course, NVG could not ignore this. The meaning of the name "M's souls" is very symbolic. G spares no color, showing the reader the spiritual misery that threatens Russia. We can only laugh at what we cannot fix. A whole gallery of landowners passes before the reader as the plot of “The M-th Souls” progresses; the direction of this movement is very significant. Having begun the image of the landowners with the empty, idle dreamer and dreamer Manilov, G. completes this portrait gallery with “a terrible hole in humanity” - Plyushkin. Somewhere in the middle, not between them, is Nozdryov. There is something in him from Manilov’s crazy fantasies and something from Plyushkin’s greed. We first meet N in the city of NN and do not learn anything special about him, except that he is a card sharper. But on the way to Sobakevich’s estate, the roads of N-va and Ch-va intersect once again. And here G did not spare colors to describe the habits and character of this landowner. In my opinion, N is one of the most ridiculous characters in the poem. Everything about him is absurd: his funny manner of boasting, the obvious nonsense that he sometimes talks without thinking about the consequences, and much, much more. G calls him a broken guy, and he is. N lives for today and does not think about tomorrow: having won at cards, he exchanged all his winnings for all sorts of unnecessary things, which the next day were lost to another, more successful player. The author says that this was due to some kind of “restless nimbleness and liveliness of character.” This same glibness forced N to commit other rash acts, such as his excessive boasting. Everything that N has is the best, the most thoroughbred dogs, the most expensive horses, however, in fact, often the boasting does not even have a real basis. His domain ends in someone else's forest, but this does not stop N from calling it his own. This landowner constantly gets into all sorts of stories: either he will be removed from the assembly of the nobility, or he will participate in “inflicting a personal insult on the landowner Maximov with rods while drunk.” There is one more trait N that deserves special attention: he loved to spoil the people he knew, and the closer he knew the person, the more the landowner bullied him. He upset weddings, trade deals, never considered his pranks to be offensive, and was often surprised to learn about the offense of an acquaintance. Despite the fact that the work contains a fair amount of humor, “M d” can be called “laughter through tears.” What awaits Russia: a complete loss of spirituality or a complete inability to take serious actions? This question torments the author. People have changed little, so “Md” is a warning for us too.

In the poem “Dead Souls,” Gogol vividly depicted the “masters of the country,” the landowners responsible for the economic and cultural state of Russia, for the fate of the people. One of them, Nozdryov, appears before us in Chapter 4 of the first volume. During the meeting at the tavern, Chichikov continues to get to know him, and we begin. That's why the episode is important.

The author describes Nozdryov as follows: “He was of average height, a very well-built fellow with full rosy cheeks, teeth white as snow and jet-black sideburns. It was fresh, like blood and milk; his health seemed to be dripping from his face.”

Judging by the portrait, the hero has plenty of energy and strength. Where does he spend it?

Nozdryov tells Chichikov that he is returning from the fair, where he “was blown away.” So we find out that the hero is unusually passionate. Moreover, this applies not only various games. Nozdryov lies, for example, recklessly. He loves to fantasize and boast so much that he seems to have long ago lost his sense of reality: “But if I had only twenty rubles in my pocket,” Nozdryov continued, precisely no more than twenty, I would have won back everything, that is, except for what I would have won back, so like an honest person, I would put thirty thousand in my wallet now.”

A third person participates in the conversation, Nozdryov’s son-in-law Mishuev, who is constantly trying to bring his father-in-law down to earth. But this is impossible. Nozdryov lies “with inspiration” and he sincerely, ardently believes in his own chatter! In addition, he is incredibly stubborn and will never admit that he is wrong. For example, in a dispute with Mishuev over his own loss, Nozdryov first gives arguments that are not relevant to the case (“Do you think your major plays well?”), and then changes the topic and the interlocutor (“But, brother Chichikov, how we partied in first days!"). But his remark should be the last!

The hero also cannot be silenced or interrupted so that he listens to a lengthy monologue of his interlocutor. Nozdryov has no idea even about the basic rules of behavior in society.

It feels like no one has ever been involved in raising a hero, and yet here is a nobleman! So Gogol debunked the myth about representatives of the ruling class as highly cultured and educated people. Nozdryov doesn’t even know how to say hello. “Bah, ba, ba! - he suddenly cried, spreading both arms at the sight of Chichikov. What destinies?" This is instead of a greeting! Here we learn that Nozdryov says “you” to Chichikov, although “he, for his part, did not give any reason for this.”

Nozdryov is ready to fraternize with the whole world, but such “kinship” imposes certain obligations on the opposite side. The hero seems to be saying: “Everything that is mine is yours, but also everything that you have, give it to me.” Nozdryov uses other people's property without asking and without any embarrassment, the latter is not characteristic of him at all. The hero treats the time of other people in exactly the same way, so in response to Chichikov’s phrase that he has urgent business, he says: “Well, that’s the point! I just made it up! Oh, Opodeldok Ivanovich!

Nozdryov simply does not understand how people can do something serious, work. Life for him is a continuous holiday consisting of drunken revelry, card game and hound hunting. The hero is always ready for entertainment and never gets tired of it. He easily finds friends like himself, the same stupid revelers: “... how we started drinking, brother... Staff captain Kisses... so nice! such a mustache, brother! He simply calls Bordeaux a burdashka... Lieutenant Kuvshinnikov... Oh, brother, what a lovely man! here, one might say, is a reveler in all its form.”

Nozdryov is very emotional. This can be understood at least by the epithets that he bestows on his friends. In general, the hero clearly divides people into two camps: some are “pretty”, “nice”, while others are “kids”, “pigs”, “beasts”, “swindlers”, “scoundrels”. Moreover, Nozdryov is contradictory; his “bad” people can instantly become “good” and vice versa. The hero is unpredictable, so Chichikov behaves very carefully. Fearing to offend Nozdryov, he, for example, examines the puppy and, surprisingly, finds the right words, to praise the purchase of a “buddy”: he says that the dog is a “good breed” and has a “good instinct”. In this episode, Chichikov again demonstrates his ability to adapt to people. The hero responds to Nozdryov’s familiarity and rudeness with endurance and “Olympic” calm. He endures kisses and hugs from his “friend”, even agrees to go to him: “I’ll actually go to Nozdryov. Why is he worse than others, the same person, and even lost. He is, apparently, willing to do anything, so you can ask him for something for nothing.” Chichikov knows his business, he is steadily moving towards his intended goal, overcoming all obstacles. As an experienced “businessman”, the hero is constantly looking for new, easier ways to gain profit. But Chichikov was wrong with Nozdryov: it is impossible to come to an agreement with an unpredictable person.

The episode of the meeting of the heroes in the tavern reveals the characters, obvious and hidden, and the potential capabilities of the interlocutors. Mainly, the author here portrays Nozdryov, whose nature is characterized by aimless activity. The hero wastes his irrepressible energy. This is a playmaker, one of many in the gallery of “dead souls.”

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