Oleg and Valentina Svetovid are mystics, specialists in esotericism and occultism, authors of 14 books.
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Fairytale names
Fairytale names- these are the names of the heroes of fairy tales beloved from childhood. Behind every fairy-tale name there is an image, a character, a destiny. People remember fairy tales they read in childhood throughout their lives, and they keep books with their favorite fairy tales for their children.
Fairytale names
Akella
Alyonushka
Alesha Popovich
Baba Yaga
Bagheera
Baloo
Barmaley
Baron Munchausen
Pinocchio
Vasilisa Mikulishna
Varvara-beautiful
Winnie the Pooh
Gerda
Danila the master
Father Frost
Grandfather Mazay
Nikitich
Dr. Aibolit
Duremar
Thumbelina
Elena the beautiful
Elena the Wise
Zhikharka
Goldilocks
Dragon
Cinderella
Ivan the Fool
Ivan Tsarevich
Ilya Muromets
Karabas Barabas
Carlson
Koschei the Immortal
Kolobok
The Little Humpbacked Horse
King Thrushbeard
Cat Basilio
Leopold the cat
Cat Matroskin
Cat Purr
Puss in Boots
Little Red Riding Hood
Crocodile Gena
Chicken Ryaba
Fox Alice
Lutonya
Malvina
Thumb Boy
Mowgli
Mickey Mouse
Moidodyr
Marya the Mistress
Marya-marevna
Morozko
Cecotuha fly
Dunno
Nikita Kozhemyaka
Olle-Lukoje
Papa Carlo
Pippi Longstocking
Cockerel-Golden Comb
Princess on the Pea
Postman Pechkin
Pierrot
Prospero
Maya the Bee
Piglet
Mermaid
Ruslan and Ludmila
Sadko
Svetogor the hero
Gray Neck
Silver hoof
Sivka-burka-Prophetic Kaurka
Sineglazka
Scrooge
Snow Maiden
The Snow Queen
Blue Beard
sleeping Beauty
Nightingale the Robber
Suok
The Three Little Pigs - Nif-nif, Naf-naf and Nuf-nuf
Tugarin-snake
Fedot the Sagittarius
Finist-clear falcon
Foka of all trades doc
Mistress of Copper Mountain
Brave Little Tailor
Swan Princess
Princess Frog
Tsarevna-Nesmeyana
Tsar-Pea
King Dodon
Tsar Saltan
Cheburashka
Turtle Tortilla
Chernavka
Chernomor
Cippolino
Miracle Yudo
Shamakhan queen
Shapoklyak
Sherkhan
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Oleg and Valentina Svetovid
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Fairytale names
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People who write slander about us are guided by the basest motives - envy, greed, they have black souls. The times have come when slander pays well. Now many people are ready to sell their homeland for three kopecks, and it is even easier to slander decent people. People who write slander do not understand that they are seriously worsening their karma, worsening their fate and the fate of their loved ones. It is pointless to talk with such people about conscience and faith in God. They do not believe in God, because a believer will never make a deal with his conscience, will never engage in deception, slander, or fraud.
There are a lot of scammers, pseudo-magicians, charlatans, envious people, people without conscience and honor who are hungry for money. The police and other regulatory authorities have not yet been able to cope with the growing influx of "Deception for profit" madness.
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Sincerely – Oleg and Valentina Svetovid
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Boyan is an epic poet and singer in East Slavic mythology.
Brownie
They say that the brownie still lives in every village hut, but not everyone knows about it. They call him grandfather, master, neighbor, housekeeper, demon-housekeeper, but this is all he - the keeper of the hearth, the invisible assistant of the owners.
The brownie sees every little thing, tirelessly cares and worries so that everything is in order and ready: he will help the hard worker, correct his mistake; he enjoys the offspring of domestic animals and birds; he does not tolerate unnecessary expenses and is angry with them - in a word, the brownie is inclined to work, thrifty and prudent. If he likes the housing, then he serves this family, as if he went into bondage to her.
For this loyalty, in other places they call him that: he has killed him.
But he willingly helps the lazy and careless to run their households, torments people to the point that he crushes them almost to death at night or throws them out of their beds. However, it is not difficult to make peace with an angry brownie: you just have to put snuff under the stove, which he is a big fan of, or give any gift: a multi-colored rag, a crust of bread... If the owners love their neighbor, if they live in harmony with him, then will never want to part with it, even when moving to new house: they will scratch under the threshold, collect the garbage in a dustpan - and sprinkle it in the new hut, without noticing how the “owner” moves with this garbage to a new place of residence. Just remember to bring him a pot of porridge for his housewarming and say with all possible respect: “Grandfather Brownie, come home. Come live with us!”
Rare man can boast that he saw a brownie. To do this, you need to put on a horse collar on Easter night, cover yourself with a harrow, the teeth on yourself, and sit between the horses the whole night. If you're lucky, you'll see an old man - small, like a stump, all covered with gray hair (even his palms are hairy), gray with age and dust. Sometimes, in order to divert prying eyes from himself, he will take on the appearance of the owner of the house - well, he’s the spitting image! In general, the brownie loves to wear the owner's clothes, but always manages to put them back in place as soon as the person needs things.
Before the plague, fire and war, the brownies leave the village and howl in the pastures. If there is a big unexpected disaster, the grandfather notifies about its approach, ordering the dogs to dig holes in the yard and howl at the whole village...
Kikimora
Kikimora, shishimora - in East Slavic mythology, the evil spirit of the house, a small woman - invisible (sometimes considered the wife of a brownie). At night, she disturbs small children, confuses the yarn (she herself likes to spin or weave lace - the sounds of K. spinning in the house portend trouble): the owners may escape from the house; hostile to men. May harm domestic animals, particularly chickens. With its main attributes (connection with yarn, damp places, darkness), Kikimora is similar to mokusha, an evil spirit that continues the image Slavic goddess Mokoshi. The name “Kikimora” - compound word. the second part of which is ancient name female character mary, mora.
Kikimora is a character best known mainly in the Russian North. Appears in the form of a small, hunched, ugly old woman, dressed in rags, sloppy and eccentric. Her appearance in a house or in outbuildings (on a threshing floor, in a stable or in a bathhouse) was considered an evil omen. It was believed that she settled in houses. built on an “unclean” place (on the boundary or where the suicide was buried). There is a well-known tale that in a newly built house there was a Kikimora, which none of the residents saw, but a voice was constantly heard demanding that the household members who sat down to dinner clear the table: she threw pillows at the disobedient ones and frightened them at night until then. until the whole family left the house (Vyatka province).
Bannik
Bannik, bainik, baennik, bainushko, etc., Belarusian. laznik - among Russians and Belarusians the spirit is the inhabitant of the bathhouse. Lives behind the heater or under the shelf. It can be invisible (according to some beliefs, it has an invisible cap) or appears in the form of a man with long hair, a naked old man, covered with dirt and leaves from brooms, a dog, a cat, white hare etc. There is a belief that BANNIK appears in the bathhouse for the first time after a woman in labor has been there. It is believed that BANNIK washes himself in a bathhouse and he should be left with water, soap and a broom, otherwise he will splash boiling water, throw hot stones, and cause fumes. When entering the bathhouse, it was customary to say: “Baptized on the shelf, unbaptized from the shelf” (Smolensk province).
Anchutka
Anchutka is one of the most ancient names for the devil, the demon. Anchutkas come in bathhouses and field ones. Like any evil spirits, they instantly respond to the mention of their name. It’s better to keep quiet about them, otherwise this heelless, fingerless man will be right there. The toeless one is anchutka because one day a wolf chased him and bit off his heel.
Bath anchutkas are shaggy, bald, scare people with their moans, and darken their minds. But they are very good at changing their appearance - just like the rest of the undead. Field sprouts are very tiny and more peaceful. They live in every plant and are called according to their habitat: potato, hemp, flax, oat, wheat, roznik, etc.
However, they say that the water also has its own anchutka - an assistant to the waterman or swamp. He is unusually ferocious and nasty. If a swimmer suddenly has a cramp, he should know that it is a water anchutka who has grabbed his leg and wants to drag him to the bottom. That is why, since ancient times, every swimmer has been advised to have a pin with him: after all, evil spirits are deathly afraid of iron.
Goblin
Leshy, forester, leshak, forester, forester, forester - the spirit of the forest in Slavic mythology. The goblin lives in every forest, especially loves spruce trees. Dressed like a man - a red sash, the left side of the caftan is usually wrapped behind the right side, and not vice versa, as everyone wears. The shoes are mixed up: the right shoe is on the left foot, the left shoe is on the right. The goblin's eyes are green and burn like coals.
No matter how carefully he hides his unclean origin, he fails to do this: if you look at him through the horse’s right ear, the goblin has a bluish tint, because his blood is blue. His eyebrows and eyelashes are not visible, he has corny ears (no right ear), the hair on his head is combed to the left.
A goblin can become a stump and a hummock, turn into an animal and a bird, he turns into a bear and a grouse, a hare, and anyone, even a plant, because he is not only the spirit of the forest, but also its essence: he is overgrown with moss, sniffles as if the forest is noisy, It not only shows itself as spruce, but also spreads like moss and grass. The goblin differs from other spirits by special properties inherent to him alone: if he walks through the forest, he is as tall as the tallest trees. But at the same time, going out for walks, fun and jokes on the forest edges, he walks there like a small blade of grass, below the grass, freely hiding under any berry leaf. But, in fact, he rarely goes out to the meadows, strictly observing the rights of his neighbor, called the field worker, or field worker. The goblin also does not enter villages, so as not to quarrel with brownies and buffaloes, especially in those villages where completely black roosters crow, “two-eyed” dogs (with spots above the eyes in the form of second eyes) and three-haired cats live near the huts.
But in the forest, the goblin is a full-fledged and unlimited master: all animals and birds are under his jurisdiction and obey him unrequitedly. Hares are especially subordinate to him. He has them as complete serfs, at least he even has the power to lose them at cards to the neighboring goblin. Squirrel herds are not exempt from the same dependence, and if they, migrating in countless hordes and forgetting all fear of man, run into big cities, and jump across rooftops, fall into chimneys and even jump out of windows, then the matter is clear: that means , the goblin led a whole artel gambling and the defeated side drove the loss into the possessions of the happy opponent.
Swamp kikimora
Kikimora - Evil, swamp spirit in Slavic mythology. A close friend of the goblin is the swamp kikimora. Lives in a swamp. He likes to dress up in furs made from mosses and weaves forest and swamp plants into his hair. But she rarely appears to people, because she prefers to be invisible and only shouts from the swamp in a loud voice. A little woman steals small children, drags unwary travelers into a quagmire, where she can torture them to death.
Mermaid
In Slavic mythology, mermaids are a type of mischievous evil spirits. They were drowned women, girls who died near a pond, or people swimming at inopportune times. Mermaids were sometimes identified with “mavkas” - from the Old Slavonic “nav”, dead man) - children who died without baptism or by strangled mothers.
The eyes of such mermaids glow with green fire. By their nature, they are nasty and evil creatures, they grab bathing people by the legs, pull them under the water, or lure them from the shore, wrap their arms around them and drown them. There was a belief that a mermaid's laughter could cause death (this makes them look like Irish banshees).
Some beliefs called mermaids the lower spirits of nature (for example, good “beregins”), who have nothing in common with drowned people and willingly save drowning people.
Swampwomen
Bolotnitsa (omutnitsa, shovel) is a drowned maiden living in a swamp. Her black hair is spread over her bare shoulders and decorated with sedge and forget-me-nots. Disheveled and unkempt, pale-faced with green eyes, always naked and ready to lure people to her only in order to tickle them to death without any particular guilt and drown them in the quagmire. Swampwomen can send crushing storms, torrential rains, and destructive hail to the fields; steal threads, canvases and linens from women who have fallen asleep without prayer.
Brodnitsa
Maidens - Beauties with long hair, guardians of fords. They live with beavers in quiet pools, mend and guard fords paved with brushwood. Before an enemy attack, wanderers imperceptibly destroy the ford, directing the enemy into a swamp or pool.
Dashingly one-eyed
Spirit of evil, failure, symbol of grief. There is no certainty regarding Likha’s appearance - he is either a one-eyed giant or a tall, thin woman with one eye in the middle of his forehead. Dashingly is often compared to the Cyclopes, although apart from one eye and tall stature, they have nothing in common.
The saying has reached our time: “Don’t wake up Dashing while it’s quiet.” In a literal and allegorical sense, Likho meant trouble - it became attached to a person, sat on his neck (in some legends, the unfortunate person tried to drown Likho by throwing himself into the water, and drowned himself) and prevented him from living.
Likh, however, could be gotten rid of - deceived, driven away by force of will, or, as is occasionally mentioned, given to another person along with some gift. According to very dark superstitions, Likho could come and devour you.
Ghoul
Ghouls are lower spirits, demonological creatures. The “Tale of Idols” talks about the ancient veneration of ghouls by the Slavs. In popular belief, these are evil, harmful spirits. Ghouls (like vampires) suck blood from people and animals. They were identified with the dead, emerging from their graves at night, lying in wait and killing people and livestock. author of the encyclopedia Alexandrova Anastasia
By folk beliefs, ghouls became people who died an “unnatural death” - violently killed, drunkards, suicides, etc., as well as sorcerers. It was believed that the earth does not accept such dead people and therefore they are forced to wander the world and cause harm to the living. Such dead people were buried outside the cemetery and away from housing. Such a grave was considered a dangerous and unclean place; it should be avoided, and if you had to pass by, you should throw some object on it: a chip, a stick, a stone, or just a handful of earth. In order for the ghoul not to leave the grave, he had to be “calmed” - the corpse had to be dug out of the grave and pierced with an aspen stake.
And so that the deceased, who did not live out his “life,” did not turn into a ghoul, his knee tendons were cut so that he could not walk. Sometimes coals were sprinkled on the grave of a supposed ghoul or a pot of burning coals was placed.
On a special day of obedience to the dead Eastern Slavs Semik was considered. On this day, they also commemorated all untimely deceased relatives: unbaptized children, girls who died before marriage. In addition, in Semik they took special measures against pawned dead people who, according to legend, were capable of causing harm to a person. Aspen stakes or sharp metal objects were driven into their graves.
In Semik, burials were held for those who, for one reason or another, remained unburied. A common grave was dug for them and buried with a prayer service and funeral service. It was believed that otherwise the pawned dead could take revenge on the living, sending various disasters to them: drought, storm, thunderstorm or crop failure
Baba Yaga
Baba Yaga (Yaga-Yaginishna, Yagibikha, Yagishna) is the oldest character in Slavic mythology.
Baba Yaga is a more dangerous creature, possessing much greater power than some witch. Most often, she lives in a dense forest, which has long instilled fear in people, since it was perceived as the border between the world of the dead and the living. It’s not for nothing that her hut is surrounded by a palisade of human bones and skulls, and in many fairy tales Baba Yaga feeds on human flesh, and she herself is called the “bone leg”.
Just like Koschey the Immortal (kosch - bone), she belongs to two worlds at once: the world of the living and world of the dead. Hence its almost limitless possibilities.
In fairy tales she acts in three incarnations. Yaga the hero possesses a treasure sword and fights with the heroes on equal terms. The Yaga kidnapper steals children, sometimes throwing them, already dead, onto the roof of their home, but most often taking them to her hut on chicken legs, or into an open field, or underground. From this strange hut, children, and adults too, escape by outwitting Yagibishna. And finally, Yaga the Giver warmly greets the hero or heroine, treats him deliciously, soars in the bathhouse, gives useful tips, presents a horse or rich gifts, for example, a magic ball leading to a wonderful goal, etc.
This old sorceress does not walk, but travels around the world in an iron mortar (that is, a scooter chariot), and when she walks, she forces the mortar to run faster, striking it with an iron club or pestle. And so that, for reasons known to her, no traces are visible, they are swept behind her by special ones, attached to the mortar with a broom and broom. Frogs and black cats serve her, including cat Baiyun, crows and snakes: all creatures in which both threat and wisdom coexist
Koschey the Immortal (Kashchei)
One of the well-known Old Slavic negative characters, usually represented as a thin, skeletal old man with a repulsive appearance. Aggressive, vengeful, greedy and stingy. It is difficult to say whether he was the personification of the external enemies of the Slavs, an evil spirit, a powerful wizard, or a unique variety of undead.
It is undeniable that Koschey possessed very strong magic, avoided people and often engaged in the favorite activity of all villains in the world - kidnapping girls.
Dragon
Serpent Gorynych - in Russian epics and fairy tales, a representative of the evil principle, a dragon with 3, 6, 9 or 12 heads. Associated with fire and water, flies across the sky, but at the same time correlates with the bottom - with a river, a hole, a cave, where he has hidden wealth, a kidnapped princess
Indrik is a beast
Indrik the Beast - in Russian legends “the father of all animals”, a character in the Dove Book. Indrik is a distorted name of the god Indra (the variants “foreigner”, “inrok” can cause an association with a unicorn, but INDRIK is described with two, not one horn). INDRIK was attributed the properties of other fantastic images of the medieval book tradition - the king of the waters, the opponents of the snake and crocodile - “onudr” (otter) and ichneumon, the fabulous fish “endrop”.
According to Russian folklore, Indrik is an underground beast, “walks through the underground like the sun in the sky”; he is endowed with the traits of the owner of the water element, sources and treasures. I. acts as an opponent of the serpent.
Alkonost
Alkonost is a wonderful bird, a resident of Iria - the Slavic paradise.
Her face is feminine, her body is birdlike, and her voice is sweet, like love itself. Hearing Alkonost's singing with delight can forget everything in the world, but there is no harm from her to people, unlike her friend the bird Sirin. Alkonost lays eggs “at the edge of the sea”, but does not hatch them, but immerses them in the depths of the sea. At this time, there is no wind for seven days until the chicks hatch.
Iriy, irye, vyriy, vyrey is a mythical country located on the warm sea in the west or southwest of the earth, where birds and snakes winter.
Gamayun
The bird Gamayun is the messenger of the Slavic gods, their herald. She sings divine hymns to people and proclaims the future to those who agree to listen to the secret.
In the ancient “Book, verb Kosmography,” the map depicts a round plain of earth, washed on all sides by a river-ocean. On the eastern side is marked “the island of Macarius, the first under the very east of the sun, near the blessed paradise; That’s why it’s so popular that the birds of paradise Gamayun and Phoenix fly into this island and smell wonderful.” When Gamayun flies, a deadly storm emanates from the solar east.
Gamayun knows everything in the world about the origin of earth and sky, gods and heroes, people and monsters, animals and birds. According to ancient belief, the cry of the bird Gamayun foretells happiness.
A. Remizov. Gamayun
One hunter tracked down a strange bird with the head of a beautiful maiden on the shore of a lake. She sat on a branch and held a scroll with writing in her claws. It read: “You will go through the whole world by untruth, but you will not turn back!”
The hunter crept closer and was about to pull the bowstring when the bird maiden turned her head and said:
How dare you, pathetic mortal, raise weapons against me, the prophetic bird Gamayun!
She looked into the hunter's eyes, and he immediately fell asleep. And in a dream he dreamed that he saved two sisters - Truth and Untruth - from an angry boar. When asked what he wanted as a reward, the hunter answered:
I want to see the whole wide world. From edge to edge.
“This is impossible,” said Pravda. - The light is immense. In foreign lands, sooner or later you will be killed or enslaved. Your wish is impossible.
“It’s possible,” her sister objected. - But for this you must become my slave. And henceforth live a lie: lie, deceive, deceive.
The hunter agreed. Many years later. Having seen the whole world, he returned to his native land. But no one recognized him or recognized him: it turns out that his entire native village fell into the open ground, and in this place a deep lake appeared.
The hunter walked for a long time along the shore of this lake, grieving over his losses. And suddenly I noticed on a branch that same scroll with ancient writings. It read: “You will go through the whole world by untruth, but you will not turn back!”
This is how the prophecy of the things of the bird Gamayun came true.
Sirin
Sirin is one of the birds of paradise, even its very name is consonant with the name of paradise: Iriy.
However, these are by no means the bright Alkonost and Gamayun.
Sirin is a dark bird, dark force, messenger of the ruler of the underworld. From head to waist Sirin is a woman of incomparable beauty, and from the waist she is a bird. Whoever listens to her voice forgets about everything in the world, but is soon doomed to troubles and misfortunes, or even dies, and there is no strength to force him not to listen to Sirin’s voice. And this voice is true bliss!
Firebird
Firebird - in Slavic mythology, a fiery bird the size of a peacock. Her feathers glow blue, and her armpits glow crimson. author of the encyclopedia Alexandrova Anastasia
You can easily get burned on its plumage. The fallen feather retains the properties of the Firebird plumage for a long time. It glows and gives warmth. And when the feather goes out, it turns into gold. The Firebird guards a fern flower.
The land of fairy tales is the most amazing and wonderful of all countries. Where else, if not here, can you see a carpet - an airplane in the sky, walking through the forest, meet the Gray Wolf and Fox Patrikeevna speaking human language, or accidentally come across the dilapidated hut of Baba Yaga.
The Russian people have an innumerable number of fairy tales. Russian people lived among nature, the forests were dense around them. It was scary for a person in such a forest; much was incomprehensible. Trying to explain something, to calm down, to amuse themselves, our ancestors came up with tales, legends, stories in which the heroes were water creatures, goblins, kikimoras, and also plants or animals.
And fairy tales are a repository of information forgotten by people about events that happened so long ago that it is difficult to remember. Any fairy tale carries at least two levels of information: general and hidden. The general level speaks about what is good and what is bad in a given society. But the hidden one talks about life in distant times, shades true heroes for getting fairy tale characters, well recognized by readers and storytellers of any generation.
I present to you the ten most popular fairy-tale heroes of Russian folk fairy tales:
In 10th place is the well-known master of disguise, the Frog Princess, who successfully took part in the fairy tale of the same name.
In 9th place is the miracle of domestic poultry farming - the magnificent and inimitable Firebird from the fairy tale “Ivan Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf”.
And in 8th place is a resident of dense forests, sometimes kind, sometimes evil, the unique Leshy with the fairy tale “The King’s Son and His Uncle.”
In 7th place is expensive, of extraordinary beauty gold fish, who managed to take part in two fairy tales
"Gold fish",
"Golden Slipper"
6th place is taken by the most terrible monster with an indefinite number of heads, the nasty Miracle Yudo, who caused trouble in two fairy tales:
"Ivan peasant son and Miracle Yudo",
"Ivan Bykovich."
On the 5th line of our hit parade is a hybrid of human and animal, a little stupid and terribly greedy Damn. He "lit up" in three cautionary tales:
"Golden Axe"
"Unwashing"
"The Enchanted Queen".
The tireless horse Sivka-Burka rightfully takes 4th place with the following three tales:
"Sivka-Burka"
“A pig has golden bristles, a duck has golden feathers, a golden-horned deer and a golden-maned horse,”
Well, we've reached the top three winners of our hit parade.
The honorable 3rd place is occupied by the well-known, slender and now living Koschey the Immortal. This old man “spoiled the blood” of the participants in seven fairy tales:
"Princess Frog",
"Snake Princess"
"Koschei the Deathless",
"Elena the Wise"
"Marya Morevna"
"Well done Bulat"
"The Tale of Koshchei the Immortal."
On the 2nd position of our hit parade is a universally recognizable snake with a personality disorder and fiery character, the inimitable Serpent Gorynych. He inherited in 11 tales:
"The sworn prince"
"Crystal Mountain"
"Ivan the Tsarevich and Martha the Princess"
"Nikita Kozhemyaka"
"About a stupid snake and a smart soldier"
"Kuzma Skorobogatiy"
« Animal milk»,
"Ivan Goroshko"
"Wonderful shirt"
"Two Ivan soldier's sons"
“About Dobrynya Nikitich and Zmey Gorynych.”
The serpent Gorynych is associated with fire and water, flies across the sky, but at the same time it also correlates with the bottom - with a river, a hole, a cave, where he has hidden wealth, a kidnapped princess (or three princesses), a noble bride, “Russian fulls”; There are also numerous offspring of Zmey Gorynych - “little snakes”.
Well, the winner is a terribly attractive girl of unknown age, merry, laughing Baba Yaga. This is the most frequently encountered character in Russian folk tales. I counted 18 fairy tales, but this list can be continued:
"Vasilisa the Beautiful"
"The Enchanted Princess"
"Stepdaughter and stepmother's daughter"
"A Tale of Two Sisters"
"Ivan Tsarevich and Bely Polyanin»,
"Marya Morevna"
"Ivan Bykovich"
"Light Moon"
"The Grateful Dead"
“Go there - I don’t know where, bring that - I don’t know what”
"The Tale of Koshchei the Immortal"
"Baba Yaga"
"Tereshechka"
"Swan geese",
"Sister Alyonushka and brother Ivanushka»,
“Knee-deep in gold, elbow-deep in silver”
"Princess Frog",
"The Tale of rejuvenating apples and living water."
This is what the top ten most popular fairy-tale characters from Russian folk tales look like.
Prototypes of heroes of Russian folk tales
Where did such fairy-tale images come from in fairy tales, which are simply a reflection of folk myths, and those, in turn, half-forgotten facts of life?
I will reveal to you the secrets of the most popular fairy-tale characters who were among the top three winners.
The secret of Koshchei the Immortal.
There are several versions.
First. The Encyclopedia “Myths of the Peoples of the World” says that Koschey means “captive”, “slave”. The word is borrowed from the Turkic language, and is connected, rather, with the slavery not of Koshchei himself, but of the girls and boys whom he kidnapped. That is, initially, captives of an evil sorcerer or deity were called kashchei, and then the common noun became a proper noun. And now we know only one Koshchei - the Immortal.
Second. They call Koshchei the Immortal not because he cannot die, but because his Death is hidden too far. So in the fairy tale “Koshey the Immortal” - he says: “I have death in such and such a place; there is an oak tree, under the oak tree there is a box, in the box there is a hare, in the hare there is a duck, in the duck there is an egg, in the egg is my death.”
Third. If you look at this issue from a mythological point of view, you can see that Koschey, personifying Winter, Cold, Death, steals Love and Beauty in the faces of young girls, so that Spring does not come, so that permafrost and darkness are established. But there is a good fellow - Ivan Tsarevich, a symbol Sunlight and Warm spring Thunder and Rain. With the help of the forces of nature (magical beasts), he defeats Death, and Spring comes to Earth.
Now let's try to imagine what Koschey the Immortal looked or could have looked like. Fairy tales and drawings for them made by artists will help us with this. They are the ones who create the image, the portrait of the hero we read about in a book or a fairy tale.
I conducted a small survey among my friends. 10 people took part in it. I asked how you imagine Koshchei the Immortal, and received approximately the same answer. Everyone sees an old, very thin, rather skinny and bony man who resembles a skeleton covered in skin. But he is not a weak old man, but very strong, one might say, wiry. Well, his character is harmful, evil, voluptuous, greedy (most likely even stingy), and he is completely unpolite, rude and ungrateful.
Of course, Koshchei has a lot of wealth, gold, and various silver. He accumulates these riches so that he can later give a wedding gift to his bride. But since he steals brides from other suitors, and he himself does not look young and handsome, the brides all run away from him, ultimately with their real gentlemen - princes and princes. But this does not indicate that Koschey is stingy. He’s just thrifty and saving money for something very important to him.
Until now, the name Koshchei is used to call old misers, withered from stinginess and trembling over a hidden treasure, largely thanks to Pushkin and his lines:
"There the King of Koschey is wasting away over gold."
Koschey to this day remains one of the most colorful characters in fairy tales, about whom they write poems, come up with jokes and new ones. fairy tales, they even erect monuments, as in the city of Suzdal, for example.
Image of the Serpent Gorynych.
There are also several versions of what served as the prototype of the Serpent Gorynych. The first, most popular version among the people, refers to the Serpent Gorynych as the hordes of invaders who rolled into Rus' from the southern steppes, be it the Polovtsians, Tatar-Mongols or other nomads. This version was explained beautifully, but unconvincingly. They say that hordes of nomads rolled into Rus' like a many-headed snake, their avalanche wriggled like a snake, and the cunning and vile disposition of the Tatar-Mongol exactly repeated the character of the reptile.
But according to the latest scientific data, the Serpent Gorynych turned out to be not a living creature, but a secret weapon. Let's compare the description of the Serpent Gorynych with the technical characteristics of Mongolian weapons.
Let's start with the main feature of the Serpent Gorynych - its mouth bursting with fire (“flies, flames burst from its nostrils”). This description is perfectly suited for fire projectiles. The multi-headed nature of the Snake can be explained by the fact that the installations that sent projectiles to the enemy would today be called “multiple rocket launchers.” Mongolian “Katyushas” threw out dozens of fireballs, which, howling and hissing, rushed towards the Slavic fortifications. The wings of the Serpent Gorynych turned out to be stabilizers of powder rockets. Another proof of the rocket version is the fact that the Serpent Gorynych always purposefully flies in and immediately falls from the sky, and does not circle over cities ancient Rus', choosing a victim. Distinctive feature Gorynych's snake is his death at the hands of Russian heroes. The blood of the Serpent, according to fairy tales, is black, and Mother Earth does not want to accept it, to absorb it.
To summarize, we can say with confidence that the negative hero of a huge number of Russian fairy tales and epics was nothing more than the missile troops of the army of the Tatar-Mongol invaders.
The image of a terribly attractive girl of unknown age, a merry, laughing Baba Yaga.
Since childhood, everyone knows who Baba Yaga is and remembers almost everything about her tricks. In any fairy tale, Baba Yaga plays an important role. Eliminate it from the text. And the hero will definitely not be able to do anything. He either won’t get the treasure sword he needs, or he won’t receive exact instructions on where to look and where to go, and in the end, he will certainly end up hungry and dirty, since this harmful old woman will certainly feed him, water him and soar in the bathhouse from the very beginning, and then he does everything else. Thus, there is nowhere without her.
Baba Yaga is strange name has its own history. "Baba" is the mother, the main woman in ancient cultures. "Yaga" - fire. There was a verb "yagat". “Yagat” meant “to scream, putting all your strength into this scream.” Hunters and women in labor were yagali. It turns out that Baba Yaga was the main mother, a wise woman who knew everything.
Do you remember what she is like? Scary. Lives in dark forest, flies in a mortar, and all the time strives to fry and eat someone! Why then do Ivan Tsarevich and Vasilisa the Beautiful often come to Baba Yaga for advice? But because there was such a custom - to turn to your ancestors for any knowledge. And distant ancestors, of course, are in the other world, where entry to the living is prohibited. But Baba Yaga served as an intermediary, a guide in other world. After all, she herself apparently died a long time ago. This is evidenced by the description of her appearance in fairy tales: shaggy, flowing hair (braids in ancient times were unbraided only by dead women) and a bone leg (it is clear that she died so long ago that she even decayed). And her home is a hut on chicken legs - a prototype of the houses that people of the past built. They believed that after a person dies, his soul lives among people for some time. They made a doll for her, put her in a wooden house, and the house was placed on the stump of a felled tree, the roots of which very much resemble a chicken paw - here you have a hut on chicken legs!
After all, there is not a single fairy tale where Baba Yaga fries people, she just wants to do it. Where did this come from in the fairy tale? It turns out that there was such a ritual - baking a sick child. The midwife spoke the bread dough, wrapped the baby in it, put it on a shovel and stuck it in the oven. Then she took it out, unwrapped it, and gave the dough to the dogs. The child often recovered from such warming. So, if we interpret the fairy tale from the point of view of cultural history, then Baba Yaga is not a villain at all, but a folk healer. So Baba Yaga is not as scary as we think.
Conclusion.
By doing this work, I enriched my reading experience. I learned a lot of new Russian folk fairy tales.
I learned to analyze and highlight the main thing. I have collected, as it seems to me, interesting educational material that can be used in lessons of literary reading, history, and the surrounding world.
Characters invented in Russia are symbols of the childhood of each of us, while in different countries of the world they are perceived completely differently. For example, if in Russian mythology Baba Yaga is an evil spirit, then among the Scandinavians a similar character is the goddess of the kingdom of the dead, Hel.
Female images: “my light, mirror, tell me...”
Vasilisa the Wise, Elena the Beautiful, Marya the Mistress, Frog Princess, Snow Maiden, Alyonushka - female images who possessed not only stunning female logic, but also kindness, wisdom, beauty, and sincerity. The most striking of them are:
1 A fragile little girl, Santa Claus's assistant - a favorite New Year's guest, a role model for naughty children. Since the mid-19th century, the image of a little granddaughter has been replaced by a young beauty, with the obligatory kokoshnik or fur hat, the preferred clothing of Russian women.
No country in the world can boast of the same magical and romantic biography as the Russian Snow Maiden. In Italy, this is the fairy Befana, an old woman with a hooked nose who flies to children on a broom, giving gifts. A kind of “Santa Claus” in a skirt. The Mongols call their Snow Maiden Zazan Okhin, the girl Snow. The heroine traditionally asks riddles and gives gifts only after hearing the answer. In the USA, Santa has only reindeer as his assistants, but there is no Snow Maiden.
It is curious that if you try to translate the word Snow Maiden into English using the Google Translator service, the result will always be different. Yesterday Snegurochka was translated as “Snow - boy” (literally - snow boy). Today, Snegurochka in the service database is translated as Snow-maiden (Made from snow).
2 Masha, the Bear's restless companion, a naughty character in the record-breaking 3D cartoon.
The green-eyed fidget is fluent in hand-to-hand combat techniques, loves to be capricious and mischievous, and asks questions that are difficult to answer. The prototype of the animated series was the folklore heroine of a Russian folk tale. Director O. Kuznetsov borrowed character traits from the hero of O. Henry’s story “The Leader of the Redskins.” The team behind the series does not adapt native Russian characters for broadcast in different countries.
3 Baba Yaga- witch, heroine of Slavic mythology, endowed magical power. The negative character lures good fellows into his hut on chicken legs, without fail giving the heroes a fairy-tale horse and a magical navigator of those times - a ball of thread. The Russian witch is not always friendly, but if you have the gift of eloquence, she can help.
4 Firebird, a fabulous bird that heals the sick and restores sight to the blind, has to sister the Western European bird Phoenix, which knew how to revive from the ashes. The father of the two fiery heroines was most likely Peacock.
Each heroine is an individual, embodying good or evil, her actions and actions are directly related to her character and mission.
Male images: “there are still no shortage of heroes on the Russian land!”
No less colorful is the top positive male images, clearly conveying the spirit of the Russian man. The main images are always antagonistic: in contrast to the beautiful, there is always something bad. Without which male characters are Russian fairy tales unthinkable?
1 Father Frost.
In the Russian version - Morozko, Studenets, the mighty lord of the winter blizzard. The character adored by children rides three horses, binds ponds and rivers with the sound of a staff, and sweeps away cities and villages with his cold breath. IN New Year together with the Snow Maiden gives gifts. During the Soviet era, Grandfather was dressed in a red fur coat, the color of the country’s flag. The image of the popular Grandfather, who “wanders through forests and meadows” is played out differently in different countries: Santa Claus, Joulupuki, Jouluvana.
This is interesting:
According to the most conservative estimates of scientists, Santa Claus is already more than 2000 years old. For two thousand years, Santa Claus has appeared more than once in different images. First - in the guise of the pagan god Zimnik: an old man of small stature, with white hair and a long gray beard, with his head uncovered, in warm white clothes and with an iron mace in his hands. And in the fourth century, Santa Claus was reminded of Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker, who lived in Asia Minor in the city of Patara.
Grandfather began coming to the house with gifts with the beginning of the New Year celebrations in Rus'. Previously, he gave gifts to the obedient and smart, and beat the mischievous ones with a stick. But the years have made Santa Claus more compassionate: he replaced the stick with a magic staff.
By the way, Father Frost first appeared on the pages of books in 1840, when Vladimir Odoevsky’s “Children’s Tales of Grandfather Irenaeus” was published. In the book, the name and patronymic of the winter magician became known - Moroz Ivanovich.
In the twentieth century, Santa Claus almost disappeared. After the revolution, it was considered that celebrating Christmas was harmful for the people, because it was a real “priestly” holiday. However, in 1935, the disgrace was finally lifted, and soon Father Frost and the Snow Maiden appeared together for the first time at the Christmas tree celebration in the Moscow House of Unions.
2 Three heroes. Strong, brave, cheerful heroes have long become a symbol of Russia, thanks to a series of full-length adventures by Alyosha Popovich, Dobrynya Nikitich and Ilya Muromets. In fact, the brave fellows never met in life; according to epics, they even lived in different centuries.
This is interesting:
In 2015, the 6th part of the saga, “Three Heroes: Knight's Move,” released on screens, collected 962,961,596 rubles. Almost 1 billion rubles! Thus, the film became the highest-grossing animated film of the year. Although it all started modestly: the box office of the first part - “Alyosha Popovich and Tugarin the Serpent” (2004) - amounted to 48,376,440 rubles. Then the fees grew steadily.
3 Ivan the Fool(third son) is a character who embodies a special “magic strategy”: the hero acts contrary to common sense and always succeeds! The fool excels at solving riddles and wins evil spirits and valiantly saves the main character.
Pinocchio, Crocodile Gena, Doctor Aibolit, Barmaley, Winnie the Pooh, Leopold the Cat and Matroskin the Cat are also among the most popular and beloved heroes of Russian cinema, who rightfully occupy high positions in the ranking of fairy-tale characters.
Evil spirits: guardians of forests, swamps and houses
The largest group of Russian folk epics consists of mythical creatures. Vodyanoy, Kikimora, Leshy, mermaids, Brownie, Baba Yaga - magical images that appeared along with the inexplicable forces of nature. In their actions and character, these are more negative characters, but at the same time, they are charming and charismatic in their modern films and cartoons, these include:
1 Koschei the Deathless. A character with supernatural powers. According to legends, he is a treacherous old man who kills domestic animals. The sorcerer often kidnaps the protagonist's fiancee in the hope of "mutual love."
This is interesting:
In Soviet cinema, Koshei was brilliantly played by actor Georgy Millyar. Basically, he played all sorts of evil spirits and he had to apply complex makeup. But for the role of Koshchei the Immortal, makeup was practically not needed, since the actor himself resembled a living skeleton (after contracting malaria, the actor’s weight was only 45 kg).
Koschey the Immortal - Georgy Millyar - Article
A son, a spoiled prince and even a gray wolf. One of the most popular positive fairy-tale images is the hero, who has remarkable physical strength, stamina, courage and good nature. Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich are heroes who were not afraid of the three-headed Serpent Gorynych, Nightingale - and combine a brilliant mind, ingenuity and cunning.
Often in Russian fairy tales there are also kind animals - a horse, a wolf or a dog, which symbolize intelligence, cunning, devotion and fidelity.
Another well-known fairy-tale hero is the collective image of a simple Russian guy, Ivan. Ivan Tsarevich is always noble, brave and kind. He shows unprecedented heroism and reigns from evil forces. Ivanushka the Fool is another favorite positive Russian folk - most often this is the son in the family, but the most talented and unique. He knows how to understand animals, and they willingly help Ivanushka fight evil.
The kindest fairy tale hero
Answer yourself the question “which hero is the best?” It is possible only by specifying the purpose of good deeds. So, undoubtedly, Ivanushka can be called the kindest, who bravely goes against the dark forces, without thinking about his own well-being. True goodness is, first of all, determined by selflessness, since the hero who commits noble deeds for the sake of profit, he turns into a simple mercenary.
Traditionally, good heroes in fairy tales help the world restore the natural balance of good and evil, preventing the antagonist from realizing his insidious plans.
Therefore, a real good deed can be performed only when the hero is guided solely by the breadth of his soul. Such characters are Morozko, Grandfather Frost, Vasilisa the Beautiful, Cinderella's fairy godmother and other heroes who do good for the sake of good, without expecting any reward in return.
Thus, the title of the kindest fairy-tale hero can be awarded to each of these characters, since in the fight against evil it is not so much skill that is important as intention, and the intention of each of them is undoubtedly the most noble.
Without exaggeration, Ilya Muromets can be called the most famous of Russian epic heroes. Even that Russian who has never read epics or their prose retellings knows about this Russian hero at least from cartoons.
Researchers of Russian folklore know 53 epic heroic plots, and in 15 of them Ilya Muromets is the main character. All these epics belong to the Kyiv cycle associated with Vladimir the Red Sun - an idealized image of Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich.
Deeds of an epic hero
The beginning of the epic “biography” of Ilya Muromets is associated with a very typical motif of belated maturity for an epic hero: for 33 years the hero sits on the stove, unable to move either his arms or legs, but one day, three elders come to him - “walking stones.” In Soviet-era publications, the clarification of who these people were was “cut out” from the epics, but tradition hints that these are Jesus Christ and the two apostles. The elders ask Ilya to bring them water - and the paralyzed man gets to his feet. Thus, even the hero’s healing turns out to be associated with the readiness to perform a good deed, albeit insignificant.
Having acquired heroic strength, Ilya sets off to perform feats. It is noteworthy that neither Ilya Muromets nor other Russian heroes ever perform feats just for the sake of personal glory, as the heroes of Western chivalric novels sometimes do. The deeds of Russian knights are always socially significant. This is the most famous feat of Ilya Muromets - the victory over the Nightingale the Robber, who killed travelers with his robber whistle. “You are full of tears and fathers and mothers, you are full of widows and young wives,” says the hero, killing the villain.
Another feat of the hero was the victory over Idolishch, who seized power in Constantinople. Idol is a collective image of nomadic enemies - the Pechenegs or Polovtsians. These were pagan peoples, and it is no coincidence that Idolishch threatens to “smoke God’s churches.” Defeating this enemy, Ilya Muromets acts as a defender of the Christian faith.
The hero always appears as a defender of the common people. In “Ilya Muromets and Kalin the Tsar,” Ilya refuses to go into battle, offended by the injustice of Prince Vladimir, and only when the prince’s daughter asks the hero to do this for the sake of poor widows and small children, he agrees to fight.
Possible historical prototypes
No matter how fabulous the plots of the epics about Ilya Muromets may seem, historians say: this is a real person. His relics rest in the Kiev Pechersk Lavra, but initially the tomb was located in the chapel of St. Sophia of Kyiv - the main temple Kievan Rus. Usually only princes were buried in this cathedral; even boyars were not given such an honor, therefore, the merits of Ilya Muromets were exceptional. Researchers suggest that the hero died in 1203 during a raid by Cuman troops on Kyiv.
Another version is offered by historian A. Medyntseva, who tried to explain why the epic tradition connected the image of Ilya Muromets with Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich, who lived much earlier. Without denying the connection epic hero with the real-life Ilya Muromets, she points out that another source of the image could be the same person who served as the prototype for Dobrynya Nikitich. It was the uncle of Prince Vladimir