1 Soviet ruble. Peoples of the republics of the union, unite! the renewed USSR is our civilizational choice

10.10.2019

Soviet ruble- currency of the USSR from 1923 to December 26, 1991. Until 1947, it circulated in parallel with the chervonets.

The first ruble of the RSFSR was issued in 1919 in the form of a credit note.

The design of most Soviet banknotes was developed by the outstanding Russian engraver and artist Ivan Ivanovich Dubasov.

In the USSR, from 1924 until 1992, paper banknotes in denominations up to 10 rubles(one chervonets) were issued by the treasury and were called State treasury notes, from 10 rubles and above by the State Bank and were called . Since 1991, “State Treasury Notes” have also become known as Tickets of the State Bank of the USSR.

The Soviet ruble after the monetary reform on January 1, 1961 was formally equal to 0.987412 g of gold, but there was no possibility of exchanging rubles for gold. Currently, the ruble has no gold equivalent.

After the collapse of the USSR in 1992-1995 Soviet ruble was gradually withdrawn from circulation. The last country Tajikistan became the country that abandoned the Soviet ruble (May 10, 1995). Russia left the Soviet ruble zone in July 1993.

Purchasing power of the ruble

Since bank checks were not common in the USSR, most direct payments were made in cash, and therefore the number of rubles in circulation was extremely large. Rubles were printed at Goznak factories in Moscow and Leningrad. The purchasing power of the ruble was differentiated by the state depending on the types of markets and prices; in particular, by natural and climatic zones: I, II, III, IV.

The ruble was an internal, not freely convertible currency. Export and import of rubles across the border in amounts b O more than 30 rubles per person was prohibited. This happened, in particular, due to the state monopoly on foreign trade. There were no rubles in circulation abroad, except for the foreign currency ruble and the CMEA ruble, although all foreign trade payments were calculated in rubles at the foreign exchange rate determined monthly by the State Bank of the USSR.

In 1950, mainly for settlements with foreign countries, the ruble was set at a high gold base (0.222168 g), although its purchasing power within the country was then 45% lower than before the war. On November 15, 1960, the gold “content” of rubles was increased to 0.987412 g and at the same time 10 old rubles were replaced by one new one. This devalued the ruble by 55.5%, but its value continued to be inflated. The State Bank bought one gram of gold for one ruble, but in 1973, on the black market in Odessa, only 0.07 grams of gold could be bought for one ruble. One American dollar on the black market in Odessa cost 20 rubles in 1955, 28 rubles in 1960, 2.6 rubles in 1965, 6.15 rubles in 1970 and 5 rubles in 1973. A “certified” ruble in New York cost 2 in 1973 .60 dollars.

For one ruble:
American dollars
British pounds
French francs
German marks
Czechoslovak crowns
Polish zloty
Hungarian forints
Romanian lei

Names of the ruble in the titular languages of 15 republics of the USSR

	In the national language	Transliteration in Cyrillic


Ukrainian	karbovanets	karbovanets
Belorussian
Uzbek
Kazakh
Georgian
Azerbaijani
Lithuanian
Moldavian
Latvian
Kyrgyz
Tajik
Armenian
Turkmen
Estonian

Officially, during the USSR, the “ruble” was Ukrainian should have been translated as “karbovanets” (“karbuvati” - “to make notches”); the name "karbovanets" was indicated on Soviet banknotes, along with the names in the titular languages of all 15 republics of the Union. Accordingly, the designations “krb” were found in stores in the Ukrainian SSR.

Banknotes of the sample 1924, 1925, 1928

According to the decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated March 7, 1924, the issue of Sovznak was stopped, and the issued banknotes were subject to redemption at the ratio of 1 ruble in gold (treasury notes) for 50,000 rubles in Sovznak of the 1923 model.

Banknotes of earlier issues were also exchanged at the rate of 1 ruble for 5,000,000 rubles of the 1922 model or 1 ruble for 50,000,000,000 rubles of earlier issues (500 billion Banknotes 1919-1921 = 1 chervonets 1924). Many hoped that paper chervonets would be exchanged for gold, although no government act on the free exchange of chervonets for gold was ever issued. Nevertheless, the population exchanged paper chervonets for royal gold coins and vice versa.

Banknotes of the 1934 model

In 1934, new banknotes of 1, 3 and 5 rubles were issued. The numbering of banknotes is serial, six-digit, the series designation is one or two letters. In 1937, the second issue of these banknotes was carried out without changing the date on them. There was no signature on the banknotes of this issue people's commissar finance. The signature really got in the way. If he suddenly turned out to be an enemy of the people, he would have to somehow remove the banknotes from circulation, cover up the signature, or completely destroy the banknotes, which would be very expensive. The absence of a signature eliminated this need and solved the problem.

1934 series
Image		Denomination (rubles)	Dimensions (mm)	Main color	Description			Date exit
Face	Reverse side				Face	Reverse side	Watermark
					Denomination in numbers and words in the languages of the republics of the USSR, coat of arms of the USSR	Denomination in large numbers, patterns.

Banknotes of the 1938 model

In 1938, new treasury notes were issued in denominations of 1, 3 and 5 rubles. The colors of the banknotes are traditional, but what is unconventional is the absence of watermarks. Banknotes of higher denomination were issued by the State Bank of the USSR in the form of chervonets.

1938 series
Image		Denomination (rubles)	Dimensions (mm)	Main color	Description			Date exit
Face	Reverse side				Face	Reverse side	Watermark
						Denomination in numbers and words in the official languages of the 11 republics of the USSR.	Absent

In 1947, another monetary reform was carried out. With a constant price scale, old money was exchanged for new ones in a ratio of 10:1. The coin remained in circulation at face value.

In total, two types of banknotes were issued, differing in the number of turns of the ribbon in the coat of arms of the USSR: the first issue had 16, the second (1957) - 15. Accordingly, the number of inscriptions “one ruble” in the languages of the union republics changed. The reason for this was the abolition of the Karelo-Finnish SSR.

1947 series
Image		Denomination (rubles)	Dimensions (mm)	Main color	Description			Date exit
Face	Reverse side	Denomination (rubles)	Dimensions (mm)	Main color	Face	Reverse side	Watermark	Date exit
					The inscription “State Treasury Note”, the coat of arms of the USSR, the denomination in numbers and words in the official languages of all republics of the USSR.	Denomination in numbers and words.


				Red, blue	The inscription “Ticket of the State Bank of the USSR”, a full-face portrait of V.I. Lenin, the coat of arms of the USSR, denomination in numbers and words.	Denomination in numbers and words in the official languages of all republics of the USSR.
				Blue-green
							V. I. Lenin (Like on the chervonets of 1937)
				Beige, purple		Panorama of the Kremlin from the Sofia embankment: Borovitskaya Tower, Armory Chamber, Vodovzvodnaya Tower, Grand Kremlin Palace, Tainitskaya, Petrovskaya, 1st and 2nd Nameless Towers, Archangel Cathedral, Ivan the Great Bell Tower.	V. I. Lenin (Like on the chervonets of 1937)

Banknotes of the 1961 model

In 1961, another monetary reform was carried out. The price scale was changed 10 times from January 1, 1961. 1, 2 and 3-kopeck coins remained in circulation at face value. Money of the 1961 model turned out to be the most durable in the entire history of the USSR: it existed unchanged until the reform on January 23, 1991.

For more than 30 years of existence, only two varieties of ruble banknotes were issued, differing in the height of the letters of the series: for the first issue it was 3.5 ( capital letter) and 2.5 mm (small letter), the second has 4 and 3 mm, respectively. The rest of the banknotes had no varieties.

1961 series
Image		Denomination (rubles)	Dimensions (mm)	Main color	Description			Date exit
Face	Reverse side	Denomination (rubles)	Dimensions (mm)	Main color	Face	Reverse side	Watermark	Date exit
					The inscription “State treasury note”, denomination in numbers and words.	Denomination in numbers and words in 15 official languages of the republics of the USSR.	Dark and light five-pointed stars
					The inscription “State treasury card”, coat of arms of the USSR, Vodovzvodnaya Tower, Bolshoi Kremlin Palace, Ivan the Great Bell Tower, denomination in numbers and words.
					The inscription “State Treasury Note”, the coat of arms of the USSR, the Spasskaya Tower of the Kremlin, denomination in numbers and words.

				Violet
						Denomination in numbers and words in 15 official languages of the republics of the USSR, Grand Kremlin Palace, Tainitskaya Tower.	V. I. Lenin
						Denomination in numbers and words in 15 official languages of the republics of the USSR, Vodovzvodnaya Tower.	V. I. Lenin

Coins from 1961

>Coins of this type have been in circulation for the longest time. Formally, coins of 1, 2, 3 kopecks remained legal tender until the end of 1998, and until 2003 they could be exchanged at branches of the Bank of Russia in quantities divisible by 1 new kopeck (that is, 10 old rubles) (see Monetary reform in Russia (1998)).

Image	Denomination	Diameter	Material	Edge	Reverse	Obverse
	1 kopeck		copper-zinc alloy	ribbed
	2 kopecks		copper-zinc alloy	ribbed	Inscription "USSR", coat of arms Soviet Union	Denomination floral ornament
	3 kopecks		copper-zinc alloy	ribbed	The inscription "USSR", coat of arms of the Soviet Union	Denomination, floral ornament
			copper-zinc alloy	ribbed	The inscription "USSR", coat of arms of the Soviet Union	Denomination, floral ornament
			copper-nickel alloy	ribbed	The inscription "USSR", coat of arms of the Soviet Union	Denomination, floral ornament
			copper-nickel alloy	ribbed	The inscription "USSR", coat of arms of the Soviet Union	Denomination, floral ornament
			copper-nickel alloy	ribbed	The inscription "USSR", coat of arms of the Soviet Union	Denomination, floral ornament
			copper-nickel alloy		The inscription "USSR", coat of arms of the Soviet Union	Denomination, floral ornament
			copper-nickel alloy		The inscription "USSR", coat of arms of the Soviet Union	Denomination, floral ornament

Banknotes of the 1991 model

In order to carry out monetary reform, in 1991 new banknotes of 50 and 100 rubles of the 1991 model were issued, the so-called. "Pavlovian" Banknotes of the 1991 model in denominations of 1, 3, 5, 10, 200, 500 and 1000 rubles were issued later.

The old banknotes of 1, 3, 5, 10 and 25 rubles of the 1961 model and all Soviet coins in circulation continued to circulate along with the new ones of the 1991 model. A new 25 ruble banknote was not issued.

1991 series
Image		Denomination (rubles)	Dimensions (mm)	Main color	Description			Date exit
Face	Reverse side	Denomination (rubles)	Dimensions (mm)	Main color	Face	Reverse side	Watermark	Date exit
				Beige, blue, red	The inscription “Ticket of the State Bank of the USSR”, coat of arms of the USSR	Denomination in numbers and words in Russian	Five-pointed stars and waves	April 1991
				Green, pink	The inscription “Ticket of the State Bank of the USSR”, coat of arms of the USSR, Vodovzvodnaya Tower, Grand Kremlin Palace, Ivan the Great Bell Tower
				Blue, pink	The inscription “Ticket of the State Bank of the USSR”, coat of arms of the USSR, Spasskaya Tower of the Kremlin
				Red, turquoise	The inscription “Ticket of the State Bank of the USSR”, portrait of V. I. Lenin in profile, coat of arms of the USSR, denomination in numbers and words
				Green, yellow, red		Denomination in numbers and words in 15 official languages of the republics of the USSR, Grand Kremlin Palace, Tainitskaya Tower	V. I. Lenin
				Beige, blue		Denomination in numbers and words in 15 official languages of the republics of the USSR, Vodovzvodnaya Tower	V. I. Lenin
				Beige, blue		Denomination in numbers and words in Russian, Vodovzvodnaya Tower		April 1991
				Light green			V. I. Lenin
				Red, burgundy
				Blue, gray

Coins from 1991-1992

In 1991, the State Bank of the USSR issued coins of a new type, different from the previous ones in sizes - 10 kopecks (steel clad with brass), 50 kopecks and 1 ruble, as well as new denominations - 5 rubles (nickel alloy), 10 rubles (bimetal). In 1992, a 10 ruble coin (bimetallic) was also issued.

Image	Material				Release date
	brass clad steel			Denomination, floral ornament
	copper-nickel alloy	ribbed	The inscription “State Bank of the USSR”	Denomination, floral ornament
	copper-nickel alloy	ribbed	The inscription “State Bank of the USSR”	Denomination, floral ornament
	copper-nickel alloy	intermittently ribbed	The inscription “State Bank of the USSR”	Denomination, floral ornament
		intermittently ribbed	The inscription “State Bank of the USSR”	Denomination, floral ornament
	Bimetal (circle made of bronze, rim made of copper-nickel alloy)	intermittently ribbed	The inscription “State Bank of the USSR”	Denomination, floral ornament

Banknotes of the 1992 model

In 1992, new banknotes were issued in denominations of 50, 200, 500, 1000 rubles. Graphic design has been added to banknotes.

USSR 1992 banknotes were also issued by the Central Bank of Russia (but continued to be called tickets of the State Bank of the USSR).

1992 series
Image		Denomination (rubles)	Dimensions (mm)	Main color	Description			Date exit
Face	Reverse side				Face	Reverse side	Watermark
				Green, yellow, red	The inscription “Ticket of the State Bank of the USSR”, portrait of V. I. Lenin in profile, coat of arms of the USSR, denomination in numbers and words	Denomination in numbers and words in Russian, Grand Kremlin Palace, Tainitskaya Tower	Dark and light five pointed stars	April 1992
				Light green		Palace of Congresses, Trinity Tower
				Red, burgundy		Building of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces, Spasskaya Tower
				Blue, gray		St. Basil's Cathedral, Spasskaya Tower, view from Vasilyevsky Spusk

From July 26 to August 7, 1993, a confiscation monetary reform was carried out in Russia, during which money circulation In Russia, treasury notes of the State Bank of the USSR were confiscated. The reform also solved the problem of separating the monetary systems of Russia and other CIS countries that used the ruble as a means of payment in internal money circulation. During 1992-1993, almost all union republics introduced their own currencies. The exceptions are Tajikistan (the Russian ruble remained in circulation until 1995), the unrecognized Transnistrian Moldavian Republic (introduced the Transnistrian ruble in 1994), and unrecognized Abkhazia and South Ossetia (the Russian ruble remained in circulation).

State	New currency	Exchange rate	Date of introduction
Armenia Nagorno-Karabakh	Armenian dram	200 Soviet rubles
Azerbaijan (except Nagorno-Karabakh)	Azerbaijani manat	10 Soviet rubles 5,000 old manats
Belarus	Belarusian ruble	10 Soviet rubles 1,000 old rubles
Georgia (except Abkhazia and South Ossetia)	Georgian coupon Georgian lari	1 Soviet ruble 1,000,000 GEL coupons
Kazakhstan	Kazakhstani tenge	500 Soviet rubles
Kyrgyzstan	Kyrgyzstani som	200 Soviet rubles
	Latvian ruble Latvian lats	1 Soviet ruble 200 Latvian rubles
	Lithuanian coupon Lithuanian litas	1 Soviet ruble 100 coupons
Moldova (except Transnistria)	Moldavian coupon Moldovan leu	1 Soviet ruble 1,000 coupons
Russia Abkhazia South Ossetia	Russian ruble	1 Soviet ruble 1,000 old rubles
Transnistria	Transnistrian ruble	1 Soviet ruble 1,000,000 old rubles
Tajikistan	Tajik ruble Tajik somoni	100 Soviet rubles 1,000 rubles
Turkmenistan	Turkmen manat	500 Soviet rubles 5,000 old manats
	Ukrainian Karbovanets Ukrainian hryvnia	1 Soviet ruble 100,000 Karbovanets
Uzbekistan	Uzbek sum	1 Soviet ruble 1,000 old soums
	Estonian kroon	10 Soviet rubles

Traditional colors of ruble banknotes

(Both tsarist and Soviet.)

1 ruble - olive brown.
3 rubles - green, salad green.
5 rubles - blue, emerald blue.
10 rubles - light red.
25 rubles - gray-violet.
50 rubles - gray-green.
100 rubles - yellow-beige, pastel shades.

What income did the average Soviet family have in 1985? What does that income look like? modern conditions? I’ve been wanting to make this comparison for a long time, let’s see what we can come up with.

We take 1985 because it last year classical Soviet system, later Gorbachev’s leadership set a course for the revival of capitalist relations, private business, the ability to cash out by bank transfer, conduct financial fraud, private organizations were allowed foreign trade, etc.

We will compare urban families.

The average size of a Soviet urban family in 1985 was 3.5 people, in the RSFSR - 3.2 people. (1) The total family income in the same year in the USSR averaged 143 rubles. per capita rubles per month [oops, my eye was confused - data for 1987, in 1985 - 135 rubles. All my calculations should be adjusted by 1%, basically the same))], which means the total monthly income of our family of 3.5 people. was equal to 500.5 rubles (2) Reference:
The average monthly salary of workers and employees of the USSR in 1985 was 190.1 rubles. (3) Family income 500.5 rub. consisted of 396.4 rubles. salary, 47.5 rub. pensions, scholarships, benefits and subsidies, 16.5 rubles. income from personal farming, as well as 39.5 rubles. other income (IMHO this includes shadow income). In addition, in 1985, 88.9 million square meters of free housing, including collective farm housing, were built. total (usable) area, which per capita is 0.32 sq.m., and for our family - 1.12 sq.m. This pace implied that a child born into our family should have received his own personal room exactly at the age of puberty.
To make a comparison, we need to take the structure of monetary expenses of a Soviet family in 1985 and convert it into modern prices.

The structure was as follows:
For food - 33.7%
Fabrics, clothing and footwear - 18.1%
Cars, motorcycles, bicycles - 1.6%
Other non-food products - 11.3%
Alcohol - 3%
Payment for apartments, utilities and maintenance of own houses - 3%
Other cultural and community services - 7%
Taxes, fees, payments - 9.4%
Other expenses - 5.1%
Family savings - 7.8%.

Let us derive approximately the conversion factor of the 1985 Soviet ruble spent on food into modern rubles. The question is not as simple as it might seem. After all, modern products are much inferior in quality to the products of that time. The pricing systems are fundamentally different. For example, meat was bought at both state prices and market prices, but today - only at market prices. The packaging is very different. Today there are more body kits when trading. Therefore, I will take the coefficient for natural bottled milk.
In 1985 - 28 kopecks. per liter of EMNIP, a week ago I bought a one and a half liter bottle of this milk for 75 rubles, i.e. liter - 50 rub. K=179. In order not to argue too much, I remind you that this also includes prices for food in canteens, and there a Soviet four-course lunch for 80 kopecks would be equal today to at least 350 rubles. K=438. And then we ate in canteens at work all the time.
We use this coefficient for milk. 33.7% from 500.5 rub. - this is 169 rubles spent by a Soviet family on food. Today it is 30,251 rubles.
Coefficient for fabrics, clothing and footwear. Here the question concerns my specialty. We'll bring out a man's shirt. 1985 - 10 rubles, modern analogue - 2500 rubles. K=250. Many will argue because... It seems to ordinary people that clothes are cheaper today. In fact, today a lot of extremely bad clothes and shoes are sold, which Soviet era They just didn't put it on the market. But goods of similar Soviet quality are expensive. Accordingly, modern cheap shoes and clothes have to be changed more often.
In 1985, a Soviet family spent 18.1% or 90.6 rubles on fabrics, clothes, and shoes. Today, with K = 250, it is 22,650 rubles.
To "cars, bicycles, motorcycles". In 1985 VAZ-2106, best car middle class, cost 7260 rubles. Today, a new middle-class car of equally reliable construction will cost about a million. K=138. Accordingly, 1.6% or 8 rubles spent in 1985 turns into modern 1104 rubles.
For other non-food products we will display by household appliances, after all, this is the most expensive purchase. Let's take the new, coolest TV. 1985 - approximately 800 rubles. New product from the same “Horizon” - 38,000 rubles. K=47.5. Let’s not waste time on trifles, pointing out that K according to school notebooks goes beyond 200, let’s use TV K. Accordingly, 11.3% or 56.6 rubles. 1985 turns into 2689 rubles. today's.
To alcohol. I recently bought vodka for a alumni meeting - 450 rubles. for half a liter. In 1985 - 5.3 rubles. K=84.9. In 1985 - 3% of the family budget or 15 rubles, which today is equal to 1274 rubles.
To the communal apartment. In 1985, this was 3% of the family budget or 15 rubles. Today, let’s take approximately, on average, taking into account seasonal prices, and rather underestimated 8,000 rubles. K=533. Let's lower it further, rounding to 500. Then the Soviet 15 rubles. 1985 turns into 7,500 rubles today.
For cultural and community services. Services have also become more expensive. 40 kopecks - simple men's haircut in 1985, today I last time I got my hair cut like a comb and gave 450 rubles. and 50 rub. tips. I think you can look for and get a haircut for 250 rubles. Then K=625. A movie ticket in the evening is 50 kopecks versus 400 rubles. K=800. It’s also better not to go to kindergartens)) By transport services too)) Let's not argue too much, I use an underestimated coefficient of 500. Then 7% or 35 Soviet rubles turn into modern 17,500 rubles.
Taxes and all kinds of insurance fees have increased significantly today, but I don’t understand how to calculate the coefficient here. I suggest comparing budgets minus such expenses.
Other expenses. Here, in particular, expenses on health and education. What was free or extremely cheap in 1985 has become serious blows according to the family budget. I'll take K out of the banal flu. You got sick with the flu today and easily spent 1000 rubles on treatment. In 1985 they would have spent roughly a ruble. Here is the coefficient of “other” expenses, which is affected by distribution paid services in health and education. Then 5.1% or 25.5 rubles. 1985 today turns into 25,500 rubles.
We still need to add what the Soviet family received for free in 1985. Let’s make the symbol of this free bonus a square meter of free living space received. 1.12 sq.m. per year, and per month - 0.1. As an average modern price square meter housing, let’s take the price in my Saratov - 36,000 rubles, if I’m not mistaken. This is 3000 rubles per month. Let's add them.
Let's summarize.
In 1985, the average Soviet family of approximately 3.5 people with average salary its employees 190 rubles. minus 47 rubles for taxes and fees, minus the deferred 39 rubles, I spent 414.5 rubles on life.
To have a similar standard of living today Russian family must spend 111,468 rubles per month. Of course, the average Russian family does not spend that much, so it is forced to buy food substitutes, cheap clothes and shoes, and save on treatment and vacation.
Thus, we can calculate the exchange rate of the Soviet ruble relative to family expenses. One ruble in 1985 is 269 rubles in 2016.
We can also understand what 190 rubles of the Soviet salary in 1985 is. Today it is a salary of 51,110 rubles. Young people just have to explain that in 1985 a job cost 190 rubles. one could find it extremely easily, just like a job for, say, 250 rubles. But today a job for 51 thousand rubles...

Now on the Internet you can find many discussions about the exchange rate of the Soviet ruble. This debate is especially often developed on various forums and thematic sites among commentators. Here I will not suggest to you, my dear readers, to impose any idea about “whether it was good or bad,” but I will give only the facts. Despite the second decade of the 21st century, there is still an official exchange rate for the Soviet ruble. Yes, yes, I didn’t say it was official. Let me remind you that Western countries did not consider the ruble to be the so-called hard currency - a freely convertible currency, since in Soviet legislation there were restrictions on foreign exchange transactions. Also, the exchange rate of the Soviet ruble (I will now consider the post-reform period from 1961 to 1991) has always been stable and was not traded on the stock exchange.

So where does the official exchange rate of the Soviet ruble come from in our time, you ask? The fact is that the Russian Federation, being the legal successor of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, assumed all debt obligations. In simple words Russia owed it, for example, to the Paris Club, with which, thank God, it fully paid off in 2008, and so do mostly formerly friendly and not very socialist countries.

So, according to the data of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the official rates of the State Bank of the USSR of foreign currencies in relation to the ruble, used in payment and settlement relations of the Russian Federation with foreign countries under trade and credit agreements former USSR the following http://cbr.ru/currency_base/GosBankCurs.aspx?C_month=03&C_year=2013&mode=1&x=40&y=16.

Table of the exchange rate of the Soviet ruble to foreign currencies:

Currency units	Currency	Exchange rate, USSR rubles
100	Australian dollars	51,62
1000	Austrian schillings	47,96
1000	Belgian francs	16,36
100	Dutch guilders	29,94
10000	Greek drachmas	19,37
1000	Danish kroner	88,49
100	US dollar	50,54
100	Euro (European Currency Unit, ECU, ECU)	65,99
100	Irish pounds	83,79
10000	Icelandic kroner	40,56
10000	Spanish pesetas	39,66
100000	Italian lire	34,08
100	Canadian dollars	49,04
10	Kuwaiti dinars	17,82
100000	Lebanese pounds	33,59
100	German marks	33,74
1000	Norwegian kroner	88,08
10000	Portuguese escudos	32,92
100	Singapore dollars	40,81
100	Turkish lira	28,10
100	Finnish marks	11,10
1000	French francs	100,60
100	UK pounds sterling	76,73
1000	Swedish kronor	78,16
100	Swiss francs	53,96
10000	Japanese yen	54,60

From the above table it follows that there was only one (not freely convertible) currency in the world, which was more expensive than the Soviet ruble. This is a Kuwaiti dinar, for which you had to pay 1 ruble 78 kopecks. Neither dollars, nor pounds sterling, nor Deutschmarks, nor the euro introduced for non-cash payments were more expensive than the Soviet ruble, but always one and a half to two times CHEAPER.

Here it is worth making a reservation that the notorious exchange rate of 63 kopecks per 1 US dollar remained hunchbacked until the beginning, i.e. Mikhail Gorbachev of the process known to us as perestroika, when a different course was announced. Namely, in 1986, on January 28th, the exchange rate of the Soviet ruble decreased slightly. Now the ratios of foreign currencies to the ruble were as follows:

1 US dollar - 0.7525 rub.

1 pound erased. — 1.0460 rub.

1 Deutsch Mark - 0.3102 rubles.

1 Canadian dollar - 0.5343 rubles.

1 French franc - 0.1008 rubles.

1 Swiss franc - 0.3674

100 yen - 0.381 rub.

1000 liras - 0.453 rubles.

That is, there was approximately a 25% devaluation of the Soviet ruble. As you can see, then only the English pound sterling crossed the psychological mark of 1 ruble. per pound.

One more thing. After the monetary reform of 1961, the value of the ruble was equal to 0.987412 grams of gold.

One more thing, regarding the European currency unit ECU (european currency unit, the French called it Communauté européenne). This currency was used from 1978 to 1998 in the European Economic Community (from 1993 to 1999 simply the European Community within the EU). Since the beginning of 1999, the exchange rate has been one to one for the euro.

And now, I don’t want to seem biased and biased - draw your conclusions, gentlemen!

Regular and commemorative coins 1 ruble USSR is popular among numismatists of all generations. Beginners and experienced collectors collect simple “weather records”, fill entire albums with “anniversaries”, silver rubles of the first half of the 1920s and rare stamped varieties.

The first 1 ruble of the USSR for circulation was issued in 1924. This denomination remained the largest for Soviet everyday coins until last days existence of an Allied Power. Only during the “Pavlovsk” reform of 1991 did metal 5- and 10-ruble notes appear.

Regular coins 1 ruble USSR: price and varieties

20-gram silver rubles from 1924 were minted according to tsarist standards relevant during the reign of Nicholas II. The changes affected only decoration sides of the coin, which were made under the new state ideology. The front side contains the coat of arms, motto and denomination. On the back - a worker and a peasant against the backdrop of a factory.

Half a century later, in 1961, it was decided to continue the minting of ruble coins. Please note that due to the multi-million circulation, the next issue is dated only 1964. Starting this year, metal ruble banknotes began to be issued almost every year. Specifications: weight - 7.5 grams, diameter - 27 mm, metal - copper-nickel alloy. The ruble of the 1961 model is considered the most common - however, there is also a rare “weather stamp” dated 1966 - 1983. Market value Such copies are an order of magnitude higher than the average large circulation.

The next (and last for the Union era) design change occurred 30 years later, in 1991. The so-called “” coins saw the light of day. The design changes also affected the obverse - it disappeared state emblem, which was replaced by the image of the Moscow Kremlin and the reverse - an oak branch appeared in the design of the details.

Anniversary and commemorative issues

The first Soviet “anniversary” dates back to 1965, when the ruble “XX Years of Victory over Germany” was issued. Both simple commemorative coins and coins made of precious alloys were issued. The most popular of them are:

Rubles dedicated to the anniversaries of Victory in the Great Patriotic War.
“Great People” series, consisting of 28 copper-nickel 1-ruble coins.
“50 years of Soviet power” (1967).
“100 years since the birth of V.I. Lenin" (1970).
"Olympic" series 1977-1980.

In our store you can inexpensively buy commemorative and regular coins and banknotes of Russia, the USSR, high-quality and accessories in which the collection will look great and will be preserved for a long time. Favorable prices, the opportunity to purchase all the necessary collectible goods in one place and not overpay for delivery - welcome to the online store Monetnik.ru!