Surely many passengers asked before the flight how much the plane on which they would travel weighed. The impressive appearance of the iron bird makes you think that the weight of the aircraft soaring in the air actually reaches hundreds of tons.

Of course, any aircraft is designed to carry a certain number of passengers, luggage and fuel, so the weight of individual aircraft models can vary significantly.

Each model has a permissible take-off maximum, which consists of the aircraft’s own weight, the weight of the fuel required for the flight, and the weight of passengers with luggage and hand luggage. Given the take-off maximum, airlines set a limit on the number of passengers and luggage they can take.

The restrictions are caused by safety reasons - after all, even a few extra pounds on each passenger can create an emergency situation in flight. On larger aircraft models, the carry-on and baggage limits are correspondingly higher. Therefore, it would be useful to find out how much the aircraft of the most popular models in commercial aviation weigh.

Boeing 747 weight

The Boeing 747 passenger aircraft has rightfully led the ranking of the largest and heaviest airliners for transcontinental flights for thirty years. Its first flight took place back in 1969, and since then it has been operated by all the world's major airlines. The plane's crew consists of two people.

It can fly up to 15,000 km without refueling at a maximum speed of 1,102 km/h with six hundred passengers on board. There is a unique record in the history of the Boeing 747: during the fighting in Ethiopia in 1991 (Operation Solomon), 1,112 Ethiopian Jews were transported to Israel and saved on board the aircraft.

The question inevitably arises - how much the plane itself weighs, and what is its maximum take-off weight. With a length of 76.4 meters and a wingspan of 68.5 m, an empty Boeing 747 weighs, taking into account the amount of fuel filled, between 162-215 tons. The maximum permissible take-off weight of modifications is given in the table:

This airliner model also “distinguished itself” in that the Space Shuttle was transported to the cosmodrome on board the Boeing 747.

How much does a Boeing 737 weigh?

One of the most reliable passenger aircraft, the Boeing 737 has excellent technical characteristics. The model was developed and put into operation in 1964. Since then, the aircraft has occupied the first position in the ranking of the safest and best-selling passenger airliners. The empty weight of a Boeing 737 is in the range of 27-45 tons. You can find out the maximum take-off weight of its modifications from the table:

How much does an Airbus plane weigh?

Despite the enormous popularity of Boeings for passenger transportation near and far long distances, they are not the largest commercial airliners today. Since 2007, the first position in the ranking of the largest transcontinental aircraft in operation has been occupied by the double-decker Airbus A380 model.

This giant was developed in 2005 by the European aircraft concern Airbus S.A.S. To reduce the weight of the aircraft, the inventors used composite materials in the design. The aircraft is capable of flying at speeds of up to 1,020 km/h and covering 15,200 km without landing.

Today it is the world's largest airliner, with a wingspan of about 80 meters, a length of over 70 meters, and the permissible number of passengers on board in a three-class version is 555, and in a single-class cabin - 850 people. Despite its enormous size, the airliner's crew consists of two pilots.

The Airbus A380 is a worthy competitor to the Boeing 747, which has already begun to become obsolete. According to its size, the net weight of the aircraft ready to fly, depending on the modification, is:

It is not surprising that with such a “net weight” the maximum take-off weight of these aircraft is 560-590 tons.

Weight of the Tu 154 aircraft

The most used jet passenger aircraft in the USSR and the post-Soviet space is the Tu-154, named after its designer, A.N. Tupolev. Tupolev production took place from 1968 to 2013, during which time 998 aircraft were put into operation.

The main modifications of the Tu-154 are Tu-154B, Tu-154M. Production of the Tu-154B began in 1975. During this time, 378 Tu-154B-1 and Tu-154B-2 aircraft were produced. The length of the Tu-154 B-2 is 47.9 m, the wingspan is 37.55 m. Net weight passenger plane Tu-154 B-2 – 92t, and maximum take-off weight – 98t.

The plane's crew consists of 5 people, the number of passengers is up to 180.

The Tu 154M aircraft began flying in 1982. Until the end of serial production in 2013, over 400 aircraft of this modification were put into operation, which are still in use in civil aviation today.

With an aircraft length of 48 m, the wingspan is 37.55 m. An empty Tu-154M weighs 53 tons, and its maximum take-off weight is 102 tons.

The Tu-154 is piloted by a crew of 3 people, maximum quantity passengers on board - up to 175 people. At the same time, the flight range of the Tu 154 B-2 is up to 2,780 km at a maximum speed of 950 km/h, while the Tu-154M has a higher flight range at a maximum speed of 935 km/h – up to 3,900 km.

How much does the largest plane in the world weigh?

If among passenger airliners the largest aircraft in the world is rightfully the Airbus 380, then it is the leader among all types of aircraft from the beginning of their operation until today belongs to the Ukrainian giant AN-225 “Mriya” (Dream). This is a transport aircraft developed by the designers of the Design Bureau named after. Antonova (Ukraine).

If we talk about technical specifications aircraft, then it should be said that the machine has a length of 84 m, and its wingspan is 88.4 m. Its movement is provided by six turbojet engines, which makes it possible to fly with a range of 15,000 km at a cruising speed of 850 km/h.

The An-225 was designed to provide a transport system during the construction of a reusable spaceship"Buran". The task of Mriya was to deliver the spacecraft and elements of the launch vehicle from the construction site to the cosmodrome. In addition, it was planned that the Buran could be delivered from an alternate airfield in the event of an emergency landing.

What is the weight of this truly unique machine? The maximum take-off weight of the Mriya is 600 tons, and the weight of the transported cargo is 250 tons. At maximum load, the aircraft is capable of covering a distance of up to 4,500 km.

At the same time, it is possible to transport monocargoes with non-standard dimensions and weight up to 200 tons on the aircraft fuselage (outside).

Mriya made its first flight in December 1988. Unfortunately, currently in Ukraine there is only one aircraft in working condition, which is operated by Antonov Airlines for commercial purposes for international transport.

Rossiya is the largest airline in the Aeroflot group. The geography of its flights covers 120 routes within Russian Federation and 22 foreign destinations. In 2014, the Zenit football club appointed Rossiya as its official air carrier.

The main airport is Pulkovo in St. Petersburg. The aircraft fleet includes 61 aircraft, 16 of which are Boeing 737-800.

Boeing 737 airliners are used on short and medium-haul routes.

Boeing 737-800 interior diagram

Rossiya uses 3 types of seat layouts on its Boeing 737-800 aircraft. Two of them are in full economy class for 189 passengers. They differ only in the placement of the 1st row: it can start on the left side with seats A, B, C or on the right - D, E, F.

The two-salon layout is designed for 168 seats.

Is it possible to choose your own seat and fly with greater comfort? And where is the best place to sit on a Boeing 737-800?

Cabin layout for one class

Let's consider the arrangement of seats on an airplane of only one class. Rossiya has such a layout of the Boeing 737-800 cabin, designed for 189 passengers and consisting of 32 rows.

Layout for 189 passengers

Rows 1-10 - bow. If you are asked about your preferences during check-in, feel free to choose seats in this part of the plane, they are considered the most comfortable. Why?

The most comfortable in this area of ​​the Boeing 737 "Russia" are considered to be the first row A, B, C and the second D, E, F (and vice versa, see the cabin diagram). It will be comfortable for pregnant women, disabled people and passengers with small children to sit here: the space in front of the seats is very comfortable and there are holders for the cradle (see photo).

Baby bassinet in the first row

If you require a carrycot, please request it at least 36 hours before departure. Upon registration you will receive priority to use it.

Rows 11-21 – the middle part of the plane above the wings. If you are afraid of turbulence, choose places here, this zone is the most stable. The view from the windows will be partially blocked by the wings, so those who like to look out the window will not like it here.

22-32 row. The tail of the plane is the most uncomfortable area. Here you can hear the noise of the engines and feel more turbulence. The queue for the toilets is crowded at the last five rows. The worst seats are considered to be the last row. The backrests do not recline because they are blocked by a partition.

Seats near emergency exits

In front of rows 15 and 16, on both sides, there are 4 emergency exits. Sitting here is very comfortable thanks to the large space in front of the seats. If you look at the layout of the cabin, in this area the most comfortable in the Boeing 737-800 is row 16. Rossiya does not provide these seats to the following categories of passengers:

• Passengers with children from 2 to 12 years old.
• Unaccompanied children under 18 years of age.
• Pregnant.
• For passengers with animals.
• Foreigners who do not speak Russian and English.
• For disabled people.

These restrictions are introduced for flight safety. The people sitting here, in the event of an accident, will have to strictly follow the instructions of the pilots and flight attendants.

Best places

"" sells the best seats on the plane for an additional fee. They are called "Space+". Please check this information when checking in for your flight.

Increased comfort seats on Boeing 737-800

According to the diagram, there are 800 Rossiya Airlines in the Boeing 737 cabin best places:

• 1 A, B, C and 2 D, E, F – wide pitch of seats and cradle mounts.

Be careful, on VQ-BUF and VQ-BUE aircraft this is:

• 1 D, E, F and 2 A, B, C
• 16 A, B, C, D, E, F (in all single-cabin Boeing 737 800) - large space in front of the seats.

Good places

• 15 A, B, C, D, E, F – comfortable legroom, but the backs of the seats are blocked.

Bad places

• 31 C, D – aisle seats next to the toilets, there may be constant disturbance by people standing in line;
• 32 A, B, C, D, E, F – blocked seat backs, proximity to toilets.

When can you choose the best seats on a plane? If you are flying with Rossiya on a Boeing 737-800, this can be done at check-in at the airport or independently online 24 hours before departure.

Cabin layout for two classes

Boeing 737-800 "Russia" with two classes of service on board are designed for 168 passengers. According to the cabin layout, 12 seats are allocated to “business class” and 156 to “economy” class. Let's look at how to choose the best places.

100% comfort in business class

The business class cabin has 3 rows of 2 seats on each side. Comfortable space between the seats allows you to relax during the flight. This cabin is not as noisy as the “economy” one.

During the flight, business passengers can use blankets and sleep masks.

On board the aircraft you are allowed to use phones, tablets and computers without Internet access.

Comfortable stay in business class of Boeing 737-800 "Russia"

Economy class

The Boeing 737-800 has 26 rows in economy class. It starts from row 4. Let's look carefully at the diagram and choose priority places.

Rows 4-9 – bow. If these places are free, choose them. Many airlines sell them at a premium rate.

The first row is the most comfortable for passengers with infants; there are mounts for a cradle. It will also be convenient for passengers with disabilities.

The carrycot is provided for children under one year weighing up to 9 kg.

For children over 2 years old, there is a child seat that is attached to the seat on the plane.

It is better for transit passengers to board in this part of the aircraft. After landing, they will get out faster and check in for their connecting flight. The photo shows the first row of economy class.

First row in economy class on a Boeing 737-800 Rossiya

Rows 10-17 – the middle part of the plane above the wings. If you are afraid of flying or are afraid of turbulence, choose seats in this zone, you will be more relaxed.

The view from the windows in the middle part of the plane is partially limited by the wings; for those who like to look at the panorama, this is not the best option.

Rows 12 and 13 – seats of increased comfort near emergency exits. The downside is that you can’t put bags under the seats, it’s cooler here and the seat backs in row 12 don’t recline. Not all categories of passengers may be seated in the emergency exit seats (see above in the description of the cabin with one class of service).

Rows 17-26 – tail section. The tail of an airplane is an uncomfortable zone. This is where the engine noise is loudest and chatter is greatest.

The worst seats are the aisle seats at the end of the cabin and the very last row.

Designations of seats in the cabin

All seats on the plane are indicated by letters:

• The windows have the letters A and F. For those who fly alone, who like to read or sleep, this is the best choice.
• Middle – B, E. It is better for people with aerophobia to sit in the middle.
• The extreme ones are C, D. The aisle seat is good for those who like to sit with their legs stretched out or often walk around the cabin during a flight.

Best places

At Rossiya Airlines, regardless of the layout of the Boeing 737-800 cabins, these are seats with a large seat pitch:

Good places

• 12 A, B, C, D, E, F – large legroom, but fixed seat backs;
• 13 A, F – there are no armrests on the side of the aircraft.

Worst places

• 28 C, D – aisle seats next to the toilets;
• 29 A, B, C, D, E, F – the very last row, the backs of the seats are motionless.

Video review of the aircraft

You can look at the Boeing 737-800 aircraft of Rossiya Airlines in the presentation video dedicated to the Kaluga airliner, which arrived at the airport of the same name:

To make your flight on a Boeing 737-800 comfortable, carefully study the cabin layout in advance and choose the best seats based on your own priorities. Rossiya wishes you a pleasant flight!

Boeing 737- the world's most popular narrow-body jet passenger aircraft. Boeing 737 is the most massively produced jet passenger aircraft in the entire history of the passenger aircraft industry (6,160 aircraft ordered and 5,109 delivered). The aircraft has been produced by Boeing since 1967. Boeing 737 so widely operated that at any given time there are an average of 1,200 aircraft in the air 737 , and every 5 seconds one 737 takes off somewhere in the world. In fact, Boeing 737- This common name more than ten types of aircraft.

Story

Boeing 737 was developed for the relatively low-capacity, short-range passenger aircraft market, where the BAC 1-11 and DC-9 played a major role. In this fight, Boeing was initially far behind its competitors: in 1964, when the development of the aircraft began, its competitors were already undergoing flight certification. To speed up the development process, Boeing borrowed technologies used on the Boeing 707 and Boeing 727 (the most noticeable similarity is the fuselage Boeing 737 with the fuselages of these aircraft), However, during static tests with a 95 percent load, one of the wing devices was damaged, revealing a flaw in this design. After the redesign, a new, more advanced wing appeared, which made it possible to use the aircraft on short runways and increased the cruising altitude. As a result, fuel efficiency has increased. In general, the development of the aircraft was relatively inexpensive and was carried out very quickly. The seats in the cabin were arranged 6 in a row, which provided greater capacity than its competitors, which had five seats in each row.

Modifications -100 And -200 recognizable by the cigar-shaped engine nacelle, almost completely integrated into the wing from its leading to trailing edge. On the first models Boeing 737 Pratt and Whitney JT8D engines with a low bypass ratio were used. These models are also easy to recognize by the smooth bend of the upper edge of the keel.

Boeing 737-100 made its first flight on April 9, 1967 and entered service with West German Lufthansa in February 1968. 737-200 first took off on August 8, 1967. Only 30 modification aircraft were delivered 737-100 . Boeing 737-200 with a longer fuselage became much more popular and was produced until 1988. The first customer of this modification was the American airline United Airlines. After producing 135 aircraft, Boeing developed a fundamentally new, more efficient reverse mechanism, but this improvement cost Boeing $24 million.

Early 80's Boeing 737 underwent the first major reconstruction. The biggest change was the use of CFM International CFM56 engines instead of JT8D. CFM56- turbojet engine With high degree double-circuit. It is much larger in diameter, so it was suspended under the wing on pylons, and the principle of an integrated engine was abandoned. But the low ground clearance of the aircraft (a feature borrowed from the Boeing 707) in this case created a problem, so it was decided to place the units, usually located at the bottom of the engine section, on the sides of the compressor section. This is associated with the unusual “flattening” of the gondola. At the same time, the cabin 737 was upgraded to the level of the Boeing 757 and Boeing 767. The first model of a new series of aircraft Classic - 737-300 was put into operation in 1984. Later this generation was replenished with airplanes 737-400 And 737-500 .

By the 90s Boeing 737 lost technological superiority in favor of the A320. The 737-X program was launched in 1993 or NG (Next Generation- New generation).

Series 737NG includes series 737-600 , -700 , -800 And -900 , noticeably different from the first aircraft of the family 737 . 737NG- this is completely new series, which has little in common, except for the fuselage design, with the original aircraft Boeing 737. The biggest changes were new wings, new avionics, and improved engines. The total number of aircraft parts was reduced by a third, which reduced its weight and improved controllability. Additional transformations also include optional vertical wingtips - “winglets”, which significantly reduce fuel consumption and improve takeoff and landing characteristics. It became possible to install “winglets” on aircraft that were not initially equipped with them, including early types.

In 2001, an aircraft was created by lengthening the fuselage Boeing 737-900, which actually seats more passengers than the Boeing 707 and competes in the same class as the Boeing 757. One week of orders for -900 received more than the entire family 757 for the entire year 2004. In 2005 Boeing 737 lost one of my main ones distinctive features- additional “brow” windows located on top of the main front window in the cockpit. In the 60s, such glass was a requirement of the US Federal Aviation Administration for flight certification to improve visibility at high bank angles. However, today this is not required, and Boeing offers aircraft customers this option as a choice.

In July 2005, Boeing announced the start of work on creating a variant 737-900ER(Extended range), previously known under the designation 737-900X. 737-900ER the same size as 737-900 , but it has an additional pair of doors. Passenger capacity increased to 215, 26 more than 737-900 . The first aircraft is planned to be delivered in the first half of 2007. The first operator is Lion Air with an order for 30 aircraft.

Work on the aircraft was also announced 737-700ER. It is again similar in size to its prototype, but it has additional fuel tanks and an increased maximum take-off weight. The first customer is the Japanese All Nippon Airways.

Boeing has already hinted that the next big project after the Boeing 787 will be a family replacement aircraft 737 , although it is not entirely clear whether a new design will be developed within the next 7-10 years. However, such an aircraft today is designated as 737RS.

The first flight took place on February 24, 1984. The first production vehicles were delivered to customers in the fall of the same year.

737-400

Boeing 737-400 was lengthened by 3 meters, to 35.23 meters, compared to the 737-300 primarily due to the requirements of charter carriers. Due to the increase in cabin volume, it was necessary to redesign the air conditioning system, which became the main difference between this aircraft in the family. Associated with these changes is the presence of two missing windows on each side, allowing aircraft -400 easy to distinguish from others 737 Classic. The aircraft is also equipped with additional emergency exits on the wing (two on each side, whereas on -300 And -500 - one at a time) and a tail heel, which prevents the destruction of the structure of the rear fuselage in the event of touching the runway during takeoff. These design features became characteristic of subsequent “long” 737 (-800 , -900 ).

737-900/-900ER

To better compete with Airbuses, a model was developed Boeing 737-900- the longest aircraft of the family. But the number of doors has not been increased, as required by the Federal Aviation Administration. Therefore, the passenger capacity of the aircraft was significantly reduced not so much because of design flaws, but because of laws. After the completion of production of the 757, a new aircraft was introduced - Boeing 737-900ER, equipped with additional tanks and doors. The advanced wing design provides low fuel consumption at a cruising speed of 0.78 Mach. The first customers are Alaska Airlines (737-900) and Lion Air (737-900ER). A variant has been developed based on the aircraft BBJ3.

Main competitor - A321, Although Boeing 737-900 noticeably less.

Military options

There are several types of military aircraft, created on the basis of civilian Boeing 737 for special purposes.

Specifications

• Wingspan: From 28.3 m to 34.3 m (36 m for aircraft with winglets)
• Length:
  • 28.64 m (-100)
  • 30.53 m (-200)
  • 33.4 m (-300)
  • 36.45 m (-400)
  • 31.01 m (-500)
  • 31.2 m (-600)
  • 33.6 m (-700, −700ER)
  • 39.5 m (-800)
  • 42.1 m (-900, −900ER)
• Keel height: 12.6 m (-600)/12.5 m (-700, −800, −900, −900ER)
• Maximum passenger compartment width: 3.5 m (all models)
• Engines: JT8D (-100, −200) CFM56-3 (-300, −400, −500) CFM56-7 (-600, −700, −800, −900, −900ER)
• Maximum take-off weight: 65,090 kg (600)/79,010 kg (-700, −800, −900)
• Passenger capacity: from 85 to 215 passengers.
• Cost: from $47 million to $80 million in 2006 prices.

Fuel system

There are three fuel tanks in the wing and center section: wing and central. The central one is developed first, then the wing ones. Each tank has two fuel pumps. Total maximum tank capacity of aircraft of the family 737 Original from 12700 to 15600 kg, depending on modification.

On family planes 737 Classic, the tank capacity has been increased to 16,200 kg, and it is also possible to install an additional fuel tank in the rear trunk.

In general, similar 737NG, the tank capacity was increased to 20,800 kg, the fuel tanks were changed: the central tank occupies not only the center section, but also part of the wing from the root to the engine pylon. The location of the pumps has also changed and a system for removing water from the tanks has been added.

On planes BBJ it is possible to install up to 9 additional fuel tanks in the luggage compartments, increasing the capacity to 37,712 kg.

The 737 Classic can land in ICAO CAT IIIA weather minimum conditions. The 737 NG can land in ICAO CAT IIIB weather minimum conditions.

Auxiliary Power Unit (APU)

APU selected as auxiliary power unit GTCP85-129 produced by Garrett Systems (now acquired by Honeywell), later for aircraft 737 Classic it became possible to install also an APU APS2000 by Hamilton Sunstrand.

On family planes 737NG installed by the APU GTCP131-9(B) manufactured by AlliedSignal (later merged with Honeywell)

Other facts

• The Boeing 737 owes its popularity largely to Southwest Airlines, which does not operate any other aircraft in its fleet except the 737.
• The first aircraft of the 737 family was nicknamed "Baby Boeing" ( English -Baby Boeing), since from the point of view of many pilots it looked like a small Boeing 707.
• At United Airlines, the plane received a different nickname - "Guppy", probably in honor of the fish of the same name.
• The engines of the Classic (-300, −400 and −500) and Next Generation (-600, -700, -800, -900) generation aircraft have air intakes that are not circular, unlike most other aircraft. Engineers needed to place additional equipment inside the engines to increase their power. Boeing was originally designed for small Pratt & Whitney engines, but the next generation required larger CFM65 engines. Due to the low ground clearance, the engine could only be expanded horizontally. As a result, the cross-section of the engine nacelle was more triangular than circular. In the industry, this solution was nicknamed “hamstering” ( English - hamsterization) due to the engine's resemblance to hamster cheeks.
• The 737 uses the same fuselage as the 707, 727 and 757, just shortened.
• Most 737 family cockpits are equipped with additional glass above the main windshield. T.n. “brow” glasses are borrowed from the Boeing 707. Their main task is to expand the viewing angle, especially during rolls. With the advancement of avionics, windows have become redundant, and pilots often cover them with newspaper to protect themselves from the sun's rays. Since 2004, the cockpit of 737s does not require the presence of these glasses.
• The fuselage of any Boeing 737 can accommodate the GE90 aircraft engine, which is equipped with the Boeing 777. This is one of the largest engines installed on aircraft.
• The total number of Boeing 737 parts is 3,000,551 (three million five hundred and fifty-one) pieces!
• The 737 does not have main landing gear doors. The main landing gear is retracted into recesses in the center section of the aircraft, creating virtually no aerodynamic drag. If you watch a 737 take off while standing on the ground, it's easy to notice the black tire rings under the wings. Boeing claims that this scheme is aimed at reducing the weight of the aircraft.
• Given the number of Boeing 737s in service, it is estimated that one aircraft takes off every 5 seconds.
• The 737 does not have an emergency fuel drain system. In the event of an accident, the pilot is forced to circle, running out of fuel, or, if there is no time, to land with an overload.

The plane picks up speed gradually. The takeoff phase lasts a long period of time and begins with the process of moving on the runway. There are several types of takeoff and speed gain.

How does takeoff happen?

The aerodynamics of the airliner are ensured by a special wing configuration, which is almost the same for all aircraft. The lower part of the wing profile is always flat, and the upper part is convex, regardless of the type of aircraft.

The air passing under the wing does not change its properties. At the same time, the air flow passing through the convex top part wing, tapers. This way, less air flows through the top of the wing. Therefore, in order for the same air flow to pass through a unit of time, it is necessary to increase its speed.

As a result, there is a difference in air pressure in the lower and upper parts of the airliner wing. This is explained by Bernoulli's law: an increase in air flow speed leads to a decrease in air pressure.

The difference in pressure produces lift. Its action seems to push the wing upward, and with it the entire plane. The plane lifts off the ground at the moment in time when the lift force exceeds the weight of the airliner. This is achieved by gaining speed (increasing the speed of the aircraft leads to an increase in lift).

Interesting. Level flight is achieved when the lift force is equal to the weight of the airliner.

Thus, at what speed the plane will take off from the ground depends on the lift force, the magnitude of which is determined primarily by the mass of the airliner. The thrust of an aircraft engine provides the speed necessary to increase lift and take off the airliner.

A helicopter flies using the same principle of aerodynamics. Outwardly, it seems that a helicopter rotor and an airplane wing have little in common, but each rotor blade has the same configuration, providing a difference in air flow pressure.

Takeoff speed

In order for a passenger plane to take off from the ground, it is necessary to develop a takeoff speed that can provide an increase in lift. The greater the weight of the airliner, the greater the acceleration speed required to get the plane into the air. What is the speed of the aircraft during takeoff? This depends on the weight of the aircraft.

Thus, a Boeing 737 will take off from the ground only at the moment when the speed on the runway reaches 220 km/h.

Boeing's 747 model has large mass, which means that for takeoff it is necessary to develop higher speed. The speed of this model aircraft during takeoff is 270 km/h.

Yak 40 model aircraft accelerate to 180 km/h to take off from the runway. This is due to the lighter weight of the aircraft compared to the Boeing 737 and 747.

Types of takeoff

Several factors influence the takeoff of an aircraft:

• weather conditions;
• length of the runway (runway);
• runway coverage.

Weather conditions that are taken into account when an aircraft takes off include wind speed and direction, air humidity and precipitation.

There are 4 types of takeoff:

• from the brakes;
• classic speed dial;
• takeoff using additional means;
• vertical climb.

The first acceleration option involves achieving the required traction mode. For this purpose, the airliner is on the brakes while the engines are running, and is released only when the required mode is achieved. This takeoff method is used when the runway is insufficient.

The classic takeoff method involves a gradual increase in thrust as the aircraft moves along the runway.

Classic take-off from the runway

By auxiliary means we mean special springboards. Ski-jump takeoff is practiced on military aircraft taking off from an aircraft carrier. The use of a springboard helps compensate for the lack of a runway of sufficient length.

Vertical take-off is carried out only with special engines. Thanks to vertical thrust, the takeoff is similar to the takeoff of a helicopter. Having taken off from the ground, such an aircraft smoothly transitions into horizontal flight. A striking example aircraft with vertical take-off is the Yak-38.

Boeing 737 take off

To understand exactly how a plane takes off and gains speed, you should consider concrete example. For all passenger jet aircraft, the takeoff and climb pattern is the same. The only difference is in achieving the required speed of the aircraft taking off, which is determined by the weight of the airliner.

Before the plane starts moving, the engine must reach the required operating mode. For a Boeing 737, this value is 800 rpm. When this mark is reached, the pilot releases the brake. The plane takes off on three wheels, the control stick is in the neutral position.

To take off from the ground, an airplane of this model must first reach a speed of 180 km/h. At this speed, it is possible to raise the nose of the aircraft, then the aircraft accelerates on two wheels. To do this, the pilot smoothly lowers the control down, as a result the flaps are deflected, and the nose part rises up. In this position, the aircraft continues to accelerate, moving along the runway. The airliner will take off from the ground when the acceleration reaches 220 km/h.

It should be understood that this is an average speed value. In a headwind, the speed is lower, since the wind makes it easier for the airliner to lift off the ground, further increasing the lift.

Acceleration of an aircraft becomes more difficult with high air humidity and precipitation. In this case, the takeoff speed must be greater for the aircraft to take off.

Important! The decision about what speed can be considered sufficient to gain altitude is made by the pilot, having assessed the weather conditions and the features of the runway.

Flight speed

The flight speed of the aircraft depends on the model and design features. Usually the maximum possible speed is specified, but in practice such figures are rarely achieved and aircraft fly at cruising speed, which is usually about 80% of the maximum value.

For example, the speed of the Airbus A380 passenger aircraft is 1020 km/h; this value is indicated in the technical characteristics of the aircraft and is the maximum possible flight speed. The flight is carried out at cruising speed, which for this aircraft model is about 900 km/h.

The Boeing 747 is designed to fly at a speed of 988 km/h, but flights are made at cruising speeds, which vary between 890-910 km/h.

Interesting. Boeing is developing the world's fastest passenger airliner. maximum speed which will reach 5000 km/h.

How the plane lands

The most crucial moments during a flight are the takeoff and landing of the airliner. Movement in the sky is usually provided by an autopilot, while landing and takeoff are carried out by pilots.

Landing is the most exciting thing for passengers, as it involves the daunting sensation of dropping altitude and then the jolt of the airliner touching down on the runway.

Often, when asking about how the flight was, you can get the answer that the landing was soft. It is a soft landing that is considered an indicator of the pilot’s skill.

Preparations for landing begin in the air, at an altitude of 25 m above the runway threshold for large aircraft, and 9 m for small aircraft. Until the moment the plane comes in to land, the vertical speed of descent and the lifting speed of the wing decrease. Reducing speed causes a decrease in lift, allowing the plane to land.

Planes do not land on the runway right away. During landing, contact with the runway first occurs and the aircraft lands on its landing gear. Then the airliner continues to move along the runway on wheels, gradually reducing speed. It is the moment of contact with the runway that is accompanied by shaking in the cabin and causes anxiety among passengers.

As a rule, the landing speed is approximately equal to or slightly different from the take-off speed. Thus, a Boeing 747 will be able to land at a speed of about 260 km/h.

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When a plane lands, all decisions about whether to reduce speed are made by the pilot. Thus, a soft landing characterizes the professional skills of the pilot. However, it should be remembered that the characteristics of an airliner landing also depend on a number of climatic factors and runway features.