Coordinates: Abkhazian state museum is located in Sukhum. Created in the 60s of the 19th century
Review
Over the long history of the museum, it managed to collect huge amount museum valuables. More than 100 thousand items are stored in its storerooms - these are unique items made of ceramics, metal, fabric, written documents, etc.
Today, the museum's funds contain monuments of history and culture not only of the Abkhaz people, but other peoples of the Caucasus, ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome, Byzantium, Sasanian Iran, documents of the Great October Revolution, materials telling about the participation of the Abkhaz people in the Great Patriotic War.
Many of the exhibits on display have not only republican, but also global significance. These include: one of the oldest in the former Soviet Union, the famous Acheulean Yashtukh site; Mesolithic inventory of the Cold Grotto (collection of bone harpoons), “Chief’s Rod” from the forearm of a cave bear. Of outstanding importance are also the materials of the dolmen metal culture of the end of the 3rd millennium BC, represented in Transcaucasia only in Abkhazia; treasures of axes of the Middle Bronze Age, as well as original highly artistic forms and decorations, weapons and tools of the Late Bronze Age; ornamented axes on bronze handles, not found anywhere else in the Caucasus; ritual daggers, belt buckles and more.
The pride of the museum is the famous ancient Greek marble wall and a bust of local work from ancient times, raised from the bottom of Sukhumi Bay; iconic aigrette with horseman and dog from the Late Bronze Age; Assyrian bronze shield in the shape of a griffin (6th century BC); Greek helmet and shield - centuries. BC e.
The natural history monuments of Abkhazia are no less interesting and scientifically significant. The fossilized skeletons of fish from the genus mackerel on display in the museum date back 50 million years. The collection of fossil cave bears, which lived 8-9 thousand years ago, is of great scientific importance. These materials were found in caves in the village. Pskhu.
Story
In the early 60s of the 19th century, lovers of the history and nature of Abkhazia had the idea to collect exhibits of cultural and historical value from the population and organize a museum in Sukhum. Before the start of the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-1878. the collected exhibits were taken outside the region and the museum ceased to exist. As a result of this, the most valuable numismatic, ethnographic, archaeological exhibits and materials of the natural history of Abkhazia were lost.
On the initiative of a group of agronomists, foresters and teachers, the creation of a museum in Sukhum was started again in the year. A project was developed to create a “Society” to collect materials for studying the region.
One of the main directions in the museum’s activities is the collection, processing and storage of museum valuables, that is, the constant replenishment of its funds. Until 1989, scientific expeditions to cities and regions made it possible to regularly replenish the funds with unique exhibits of ethnography and archeology. Scientific expeditions were carried out not only in the republic, but also abroad. In the year, a group of museum employees traveled to Karachaevo-Cherkessk, where they not only collected materials, but also gave lectures and reports on the history and culture of the Abkhazians. The same expeditions were carried out in Adygea, Sochi and Adler regions.
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An excerpt characterizing the Abkhaz State Museum
I was very upset, but, trying my best not to show this to Athenais, I asked as calmly as possible:– What kind of “fingerprint” is this?
- Oh, everyone, when they die, comes back for him. When your soul ends its “languishing” in another earthly body, at the moment when it says goodbye to it, it flies to its real Home, and, as it were, “announces” her return... And then, she leaves this “seal”. But after this, she must again return back to dense earth in order to say goodbye forever to who she was... and a year later, having said “the last goodbye”, leave from there... And then, this free soul comes here to merge with the part of himself left behind and find peace, awaiting a new journey to the “old world”...
I didn’t understand then what Athenais was talking about, it just sounded very beautiful...
And only now, after many, many years (having long ago absorbed with my “hungry” soul the knowledge of my amazing husband, Nikolai), looking through my funny past today for this book, I remembered Athenais with a smile, and, of course, I realized that , what she called the “imprint,” was simply an energy surge that happens to each of us at the moment of our death, and reaches exactly the level to which the deceased person was able to reach with his development. And what Athenais called then “farewell” to “who she was” was nothing more than the final separation of all existing “bodies” of the essence from her dead physical body, so that she would now have the opportunity to finally leave, and there , on her “floor”, to merge with her missing piece, the level of development of which she, for one reason or another, did not manage to “reach” while living on earth. And this departure occurred exactly after a year.
But I understand all this now, and then it was still very far away, and I had to be content with my still very childish understanding of everything that was happening to me, and my sometimes erroneous and sometimes correct guesses...
– Do entities on other “floors” also have the same “imprints”? – the inquisitive Stella asked interestedly.
“Yes, of course they do, but they are different,” Athenais answered calmly. – And not on all “floors” they are as pleasant as here... Especially on one...
- Oh, I know! This is probably the “bottom” one! Oh, you definitely have to go and see it! This is so interesting! – Stella chirped contentedly again.
It was simply amazing how quickly and easily she forgot everything that had frightened or surprised her just a minute ago, and again cheerfully strived to learn something new and unknown to her.
- Farewell, young maidens... It's time for me to leave. May your happiness be eternal...” Athenais said in a solemn voice.
And again she smoothly waved her “winged” hand, as if showing us the way, and the already familiar, shining golden path immediately ran in front of us...
And the wondrous woman-bird again quietly floated in her airy fairy-tale boat, again ready to meet and guide new, “searching for themselves” travelers, patiently serving some kind of special vow, incomprehensible to us...
- Well? Where shall we go, “young maiden”?.. – I asked my little friend, smiling.
- Why did she call us that? – Stella asked thoughtfully. “Do you think that’s what they said where she once lived?”
– I don’t know... It was probably a very long time ago, but for some reason she remembers it.
- All! Let’s move on!.. – suddenly, as if waking up, the little girl exclaimed.
This time we did not follow the path so helpfully offered to us, but decided to move “our own way,” exploring the world on our own, which, as it turned out, we had quite a bit of.
We moved towards a transparent, golden-glowing, horizontal “tunnel”, of which there were a great many here, and along which entities were constantly moving smoothly back and forth.
– What is this, like an earthly train? – I asked, laughing at the funny comparison.
“No, it’s not that simple...” Stella answered. – I was in it, it’s like a “time train”, if you want to call it that...
– But there’s no time here, is there? – I was surprised.
– That’s right, but these are different habitats of entities... Those who died thousands of years ago, and those who came just now. My grandmother showed this to me. That's where I found Harold... Do you want to see?
Well, of course I wanted to! And it seemed that nothing in the world could stop me! These stunning “steps into the unknown” excited my already too vivid imagination and did not allow me to live in peace until I, almost falling from fatigue, but wildly pleased with what I saw, returned to my “forgotten” physical body and fell asleep, trying to rest for at least an hour to recharge your finally “dead” life “batteries”...
So, without stopping, we again calmly continued our little journey, now calmly “floating”, hanging in a soft, soul-lulling “tunnel” that penetrates every cell, enjoying with pleasure watching the marvelous flow of dazzlingly colorful colors created by someone through each other. (like Stelline) and very different “worlds” that either became denser or disappeared, leaving behind the fluttering tails of rainbows sparkling with wondrous colors...
Suddenly, all this most delicate beauty crumbled into sparkling pieces, and a shining world, washed with star dew, grandiose in its beauty, was revealed to us in all its splendor...
It took our breath away from surprise...
“Oh, what a beauty!.. My mother!” the little girl breathed.
I, too, lost my breath from aching delight and, instead of words, suddenly wanted to cry...
– Who lives here?.. – Stella pulled my hand. - Well, who do you think lives here?..
I had no idea who the lucky inhabitants could be similar world, but I suddenly really wanted to know.
- Went! – I said decisively and pulled Stella along with me.
A marvelous landscape opened up to us... It was very similar to the earthly one and, at the same time, sharply different. It seemed that in front of us there was a real emerald green “earthly” field, overgrown with lush, very tall silky grass, but at the same time I understood that this was not earth, but something very similar to it, but too ideal... unreal. And on this field, too beautiful, untouched by human feet, like red drops of blood, scattered throughout the valley, as far as the eye could see, unprecedented poppies were red... Their huge bright cups swayed heavily, unable to withstand the weight of the huge, playfully sitting on the flowers shimmering with a chaos of crazy colors, diamond butterflies... The strange purple sky blazed with a haze of golden clouds, from time to time illuminated by the bright rays of the blue sun... It was amazingly beautiful, created by someone’s wild imagination and blinding with millions of unfamiliar shades, fantasy world... And a man was walking through this world... It was a tiny, fragile girl, from a distance in some ways very similar to Stella. We literally froze, afraid of accidentally scaring her off with something, but the girl, not paying any attention to us, calmly walked along the green field, almost completely hidden in the lush grass... and above her fluffy head a transparent purple fog, twinkling with stars, swirled. , creating a marvelous moving halo above her. Her long, shiny, violet hair “flashed” with gold, gently brushed by a light breeze, which, while playing, playfully kissed her tender, pale cheeks from time to time. The little one seemed very unusual, and absolutely calm...
In the small town of Sukhum there is a literary house-museum of the world famous poet Dmitry Gulia, the founder of Abkhaz literature. It was here that the brilliant writer lived for many years, from 1912-1960.
This museum is easy to find, because it is located directly in the central part of Sukhum, on the street of the same name, not far from Freedom Square. Gulia created all his masterpieces in it, so it is very interesting to see the writer’s study, where you can see his photographs, books, manuscripts and personal belongings.
In 1974, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the birth of the Abkhaz poet, the museum was opened.
If you decide to go to Sukhum, be sure to look for the memorial house-museum of Dmitry Gulia. You can visit it on weekdays from 10.00 to 17.00, as well as on weekends, if you agree in advance with the manager.
Coordinates: 43.00290500,41.01655500
Abkhaz State Museum
In the city of Sukhum, at the beginning of the twentieth century, the discovery of a real pearl of Abkhaz culture took place - local history museum, which over time has become the largest and most popular historical center.
Today the State Museum can be called the most significant not only for the development of Abkhaz culture, but also for many peoples of the Caucasus. It has several departments - natural history, ancient history and the Middle Ages, ethnography, modern history, as well as a storage facility. Among the 170 thousand exhibits here you can find exclusive items - fossilized skeletons various types fish that are more than 50 million years old. Many original works can also be found in the branches of the museum in the city, they are owned by the New Athos Cathedral-Museum and the local art gallery.
The number of visitors to the State Museum is growing from year to year, because it is a very educational place for any person interested in the history and development of the Caucasus. Anyone can visit the museum every day - from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m., except Saturday and Sunday.
Coordinates: 43.00406700,41.02327100
“To see the gray ruins of the city of Guenos, this is a heritage of ancient times, you need to come to Ochamchiry. It is approximately fifty kilometers from the city of Sukhum. The ruins of Guenos are a silent s...”
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The building of the Psyrtskha hydroelectric power station “The Psyrtskha hydroelectric power station was erected in 1909 on the river of the same name flowing through New Athos. This is one of the first structures of this type in all of Abkhazia. The construction was supervised...”
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Photo: Abkhaz State Museum
Photo and description
The Abkhaz State Museum, located in the city of Sukhumi on Leon Avenue, is one of best places, where you can get acquainted in detail with the historical past and present of the Republic of Abkhazia. The museum has two branches. One of them is located in Gudauta, and the second in Gulripsha regions of Abkhazia.
The Abkhaz State Museum was created in the first half of the 60s. XIX century lovers of the history and nature of Abkhazia, who collected from local residents valuable archaeological, numismatic and ethnographic materials. However, before the Russian-Turkish War, the first collection of the museum was taken from Abkhazia and lost.
In 1913, the initiative group decided to found a society in the city of Sukhumi dedicated to studying the history of this region and collecting valuable materials. In 1915, thanks to the “Society”, the first local history museum began to gradually take shape. In May 1917, its official opening took place. And today one of the main directions in the work of the state museum is the collection and processing of new materials and exhibits for replenishment museum collection.
Over the entire history of the Abkhaz State Museum, it has managed to collect many valuables. His collection has grown and currently there are more than 100 thousand unique exhibits in his funds.
The museum's collections include historical, archaeological, natural and ethnographic exhibits. Most of them are unique and priceless. For example, in the garden of the museum there is its pride - one of the Escher dolmens (the oldest tombstones, which are found throughout the territory of Abkhazia). Also here you can see a complex of dwellings that clearly recreate the traditional living conditions of an ordinary Abkhaz family. A tombstone of the 5th century is kept in the museum halls. BC, a rich collection of weapons, a Greek warrior’s helmet and much more. The nature department presents paleontological finds, a collection of minerals from the region, and samples of the flora and fauna of Abkhazia and the Black Sea.
Abkhaz State Museum.The Abkhaz State Museum was created in the 60s of the 19th century. Over the long history of the museum, it has managed to collect a huge amount of museum valuables. More than 100 thousand items are stored in its storerooms - these are unique items made of ceramics, metal, fabric, written documents, etc.
Today, the museum’s funds contain monuments of history and culture not only of the Abkhaz people, but of other peoples of the Caucasus, ancient egypt, Greece, Rome, Byzantium, Sasanian Iran, documents of the Great October Revolution, materials telling about the participation of the Abkhaz people in the Great Patriotic War.
The museum has a large number of interesting and unique exhibits and is one of the oldest scientific institutions in the republic. It has departments: nature, archeology, history of ancient and middle ages, ethnography, history of the modern period, funds.
In addition to the actual exhibits of Abkhazian culture, the museum has quite a lot of cultural and historical values of other regions: ancient Egypt, Turkey, Greece, Rome, Byzantium, Iran. The most valuable items are items from the Iron Age of the late 3rd millennium BC, an ancient Greek marble wall raised from the bottom of Sukhumi Bay, a cult aigrette with a horseman and a dog from the late Bronze Age, an Assyrian bronze shield from the 6th century. BC
In the early 60s of the 19th century, lovers of the history and nature of Abkhazia had the idea to collect exhibits of cultural and historical value from the population and organize a museum in Sukhum. Before we start Russian-Turkish war 1877-1878 the collected exhibits were taken outside the region and the museum ceased to exist. As a result of this, the most valuable numismatic, ethnographic, archaeological exhibits and materials of the natural history of Abkhazia were lost.
On the initiative of a group of agronomists, foresters and teachers, the creation of a museum in Sukhum was started again in 1913. A project was developed to create a “Society” to collect materials for studying the region.
In the first half of 1915, a general meeting members of the “Society of Lovers and Researchers of Nature and Population of the Sukhumi District”. The board included A. Sinitsin (chairman), B. Kiselev, V. Kozlov, V. Semashko, B. Zakharov, D. Grandolevsky, V. Kristalevsky and others.
Since the creation of the Society, the organization of a local history museum began. During the first years it was located in a small, damp building belonging to the District Administration. In 1916, at the insistence of members of the “Society”, Sukhumi city government allocated a subsidy of 500 rubles to the museum, which made it possible to rent a room suitable for the museum and open it to the public. The official opening of the museum took place on May 17, 1917.
At the end of 1920, during the period of dominance of the Georgian Mensheviks in Abkhazia, the “Society of Lovers and Researchers of Nature and the Population of the Sukhumi District” ceased to exist, and along with it the museum closed. All collected exhibits were taken by the Mensheviks to Georgian museums.
After the establishment of Soviet power in Abkhazia, local history work in new conditions. In August 1922, the “Abkhazian scientific society"(ABNO), which elected a council and presidium on May 13, 1923. A year later, the museum moved to new premises, where it is currently located.
In 1928, the museum was transferred to the system of the People's Commissariat of Education of the SSR of Abkhazia and received the status of a State Museum. Since 1946, the museum has been under the jurisdiction of the Administration for Cultural and Educational Institutions under the Council of People's Commissars of the Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, and since 1953 - under the system of the Ministry of Culture of the Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
In 1933, Joseph Adzinba was appointed director of the museum, who, despite the fact that he was not a historian, archaeologist or ethnographer by profession, paid a lot of attention to collecting museum valuables. Under him, a historical and revolutionary department was opened in the museum.
In 1937-1938, when reprisals swept across the country, documents related to the national liberation movement in Abkhazia and its ideological leaders E. Eshba, N. Lakoba, N. Akirtava, G. Atarbekov and others disappeared from the museum collection.
From the first days of the Great Patriotic War, museum staff began collecting documents, photographs, letters that clearly revealed the heroic struggle of soldiers from Abkhazia against the Nazi invaders.
Since the 1960s, the museum’s contacts with the Abkhaz Scientific Research Institute and other scientific institutions and leading museums in Moscow, Leningrad, Kyiv, Minsk, Tbilisi and other cities.
In mid-1977, in honor of the 60th anniversary of the October Revolution, in the Museum of Ethnography of the Peoples of the USSR in Leningrad, employees of the Abkhaz State Museum (Yu. Argun and E. Adjinjal) organized an exhibition “Abkhazians (life and art)”, where more than 300 exhibits from collections of the Abkhaz State Museum.
At the end of 1978, by the decision of the board of the USSR Ministry of Culture, the Abkhaz State Museum was assigned the first category, and it was awarded a Diploma by the USSR Ministry of Culture and the Central Committee of the Trade Union of Cultural Workers.
As the museum grew, its structure also changed. Until 1980, the museum had two branches (the Art Gallery in Sukhum and the New Athos Panteleimon Cathedral in N. Athos), five exhibition departments: nature, archeology, XIX history century, history of the Soviet period, ethnography, as well as departments of funds and scientific propaganda. Since 1980, new departments and sectors have appeared at the museum on ancient sections of the history of Abkhazia.
In 1987, in connection with the seventieth anniversary of the Great October Revolution, by decision of the government, 2 more branches of the Abkhaz State Museum were organized in Abkhazia - the Yasochka memorial museum in the Gulrypshsky district and an art gallery in the New Athos monastery complex.
The museum currently occupies big building, which faces the square at the Philharmonic, and the right flank faces Leon Street. The square is part of the museum. Here is the grave of the artist Alexander Shervashidze, a dolmen from the village of Eshera and several stone exhibits. Entrance to the park is free, which allows you to see the famous dolmen without entering the museum.
In the building itself, the museum occupies several floors. Somewhere in the first rooms there is a very decent exhibition of geology and archeology - imprints of ancient plants, all sorts of bones and a very valuable set of bones of the whale Cytotherium. Such whales once swam over the territory of Georgia, but there are bones only in the Sukhumi museum and in the Kutaisi museum (there is one, but a large one).
Next lies a lot of objects from the era of the Colchis kingdom - mainly the famous bronze axes. In Georgia, such axes are in every museum, and if Georgia does not fit into your plans, but you are still carried away to Abkhazia, then at least take a look at them here. These axes are actually a symbol of Colchis culture.
Archeology continues with objects of antiquity - Greek amphoras and plates. A whole hall was dedicated to this era, but this hall is strange. Its design was entrusted to a designer from Siberia, who came up with the idea of blocking all the display cases with glass walls. Further, the museum has a rather large ethnography section. There are costumes, carpets, all sorts of things collected there, and even a model of an Abkhaz house was made.
Of course, the topic of the war with Georgia could not be ignored here. A large room on the second floor has been allocated for it. There are weapons, photographs and newspapers from those years stored here. The exhibition has some anti-Russian overtones - for Abkhazians it is quite obvious that the State Council army fought for Yeltsin’s interests. This one is enough known fact in Russia it exists at the level of theories, but in Abkhazia it is formulated straightforwardly: the exhibition tells that the invasion of Abkhazia was planned directly at the headquarters of the Transcaucasian Military District. Tourists from Russia do not stay in this room for long and do not read the texts, so they usually do not notice the attack.
The museum is located in Sukhum on Leon Avenue, just south of Botanical Garden and one block west of the Houses of Parliament. Installed on the street in front of the museum building most interesting monument Early Bronze Age of Abkhazia, brought from the village of Eshera - dolmen ( megalithic structure III millennium BC, ancestral tomb of the ancestors of the Abkhazians).
Opening hours: from 10:00 to 15:00.
Weekends: Sat, Sun.