José Guadalupe Posada, the seventh son of a poor working-class Indian, was born on February 2, 1852 in Aguacalientes, Mexico. His talent for drawing was noticed early in the family, and the boy became an apprentice to printer and publisher Jose Trinidad Pedroza. Under the guidance of his mentor, he studied the art of wood and metal engraving, and also learned how to make lithographs. The store where Posada worked served as a meeting place where townspeople discussed political and social problems, and these debates and conversations certainly had a strong influence on the formation political eyes Jose himself and his art. His work immediately attracted attention. The young artist made caricatures of local politicians that were so convincing and vivid that the authorities reacted immediately, and Posada and his mentor had to leave the city to avoid the wrath of the offended bosses. This is how his career began.
Soon Jose settled in the city of Leon, got married and began teaching lithograph making skills at a local school. His works began to appear in magazines, some of them were of a political nature, others had purely commercial purposes - these were illustrations, logos, book covers, etc. In 1888, he was forced to move again after a major flood destroyed the city, this time to Mexico City. He founded his own workshop and collaborated on a freelance basis with many publishers, including Antonio Vanegas Arroyo, a leading publisher in the capital. IN political satire Posada increasingly turned to the symbolism of the calavera (from the Spanish calavera - “skull”), the symbols of the Mexican Festival of the Dead, and skulls and skeletons, deeply rooted in the culture and consciousness of the Mexicans, often illiterate, guided only by pictures, eventually found a warm response in their hearts. It is difficult to calculate exactly how many engravings Posada made during this period, but no less than 20,000. Of these, about 2,000 works have survived to this day.
During the Mexican Revolution of 1910, Posada, of course, was on the side of the revolutionaries and worked from dawn to dusk, inspiring other artists to fight the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz. Meanwhile, recent years The artist spent his life practically forgotten, in poverty and loneliness, and when José Guadalupe Posada died on January 20, 1913, he was buried in a common grave.
Interest in his work was revived only a few years after his death, thanks to French artist Jean Charlot. Charlot collected many of Posada's works, recorded the facts of his biography, and published an article about him that received wide international recognition and ensured José Guadalupe Posada his place in the history of Mexican art. Today Posada's works are in various collections around the world, and in hometown The artist opened a museum dedicated to his work.
POSADA JOSE GUADALUPE
(Posada) Jose Guadalupe (2.2.1851, Aguascalnes, - 20.1.1913, Mexico City), Mexican graphic artist. Working from 1887 in Mexico City at the publishing house of A. Vanegas Arroyo, he studied graphics with M. Manilla. He collaborated with many newspapers and created over 15 thousand woodcuts. In P.’s work, which absorbed the traditions of Mexican folklore, new principles of revolutionary art were defined: the relevance of the theme, social urgency, simplicity of motives understandable to the people artistic language. P. was the founder of Mexican graphics of the 20th century.
Lit.: Beltran A., H. G. Posada, “Art”, 1958, | 1; , J. G. Posada, Mech., 1947.
Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB. 2012
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Literature
- Posada's Mexico/ Ron Tyler, ed. Washington: Library of Congress, 1979
- Rothenstein J. Posada: Messenger of Mortality. New York: Moyer Ltd, 1989
- Toor F. Las obras de Jose Guadalupe Posada: grabador mexicano. Mexico: Ed. RM, 2002
- Cortez C. a.o. Viva Posada!: a salute to the great printmaker of the Mexican revolution. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr, 2002
- López Casillas M. José Guadalupe Posada: ilustrador de cuadernos populares. Mexico: Editorial RM, 2003
- Miliotes D.H. José Guadalupe Posada and the Mexican broadside. Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 2006
- Topete del Valle A. José Guadalupe Posada: prócer de la gráfica popular mexicana. Aguascalientes: Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, 2007
- José Lebrero Stals J., Reverté R. Posada: Mexican engraver. Seville: Centro Andaluz de Art Contemporáneo; Mexico: Editorial RM, 2008 (exhibition catalogue)
Links
Excerpt characterizing Guadalupe Posada, José
Pale, frozen, like a dead man, Axel looked with unseeing eyes out the window and it seemed that life was flowing out of him drop by drop, painfully slowly... Carrying his soul far, far away, so that there, in the light and silence, he could forever merge with the one whom he loved so deeply and selflessly...“My poor... My soul... How did I not die with you?.. Everything is over for me now...” Axel whispered with dead lips, still standing at the window.
But it will all be “over” for him much later, in about twenty years. many years, and this end will, again, be no less terrible than that of his unforgettable queen...
– Do you want to watch further? – Stella asked quietly.
I just nodded, unable to say a word.
We saw another, raging, brutal crowd of people, and in front of it stood the same Axel, only this time the action took place many years later. He was still just as handsome, only almost completely gray-haired, in some magnificent, very important military uniform, he still looked just as fit and slender.
And now, the same brilliant one, the smartest person stood in front of some half-drunk, brutal people and, hopelessly trying to shout them down, tried to explain something to them... But none of those gathered, unfortunately, wanted to listen to him... Stones flew at poor Axel, and the crowd, disgusting Inciting her anger with swearing, she began to press. He tried to fight them off, but they threw him to the ground, began to brutally trample him, tear off his clothes... And some big guy suddenly jumped on his chest, breaking his ribs, and without hesitation, easily killed him with a blow to his temple. Axel's naked, mutilated body was dumped on the side of the road, and there was no one who at that moment would want to feel sorry for him, already dead... There was only a rather laughing, drunk, excited crowd around... who just needed to throw it out on someone - your accumulated animal anger...
Axel's pure, suffering soul, finally freed, flew away to unite with the one who was his bright and only love, and waited for him for so many years...
This is how, again, very cruelly, an almost stranger to Stella and I, but who became so close, a man named Axel, ended his life and... the same little boy, who, having lived only a short five years, managed to accomplish an amazing and unique feat in his life, of which any adult living on earth could be honestly proud...
“What horror!..” I whispered in shock. - Why is he doing this?
“I don’t know...” Stella whispered quietly. “For some reason people were very angry back then, even angrier than animals... I looked a lot to understand, but I didn’t understand...” the little girl shook her head. “They didn’t listen to reason, they just killed.” And for some reason everything beautiful was destroyed too...
Biography
His older brother taught him to read, write and draw. school teacher. B began publishing political cartoons in the local newspaper El Jicote("Bumblebee"). After the closure of the newspaper, which offended the authorities, Posada moved to Leon. He opened a shop for engravings, lithographs, books with illustrations, posters, etc. products. S began teaching the art of lithography at the city school. After the flood and the collapse of his trade, he moved to Mexico City. Worked for a liberal newspaper Patria Ilustrada, which was published by Octavio Paz's grandfather. He became famous for his cartoons upper classes, having found for them a form that synthesized the traditional Mexican culture of the Festival of the Dead, folk popular prints and the achievements of modern graphics. In particular, his engraving “The Skull of Katrina” is widely known.
During the Mexican Revolution he was on the side of the rebels. But by the end of his life he had already significantly lost popularity and was almost forgotten. He died in poverty.
He was buried in the poor metropolitan cemetery of the Pantheon de Dolores in the lowest category; Since for seven years none of his relatives or friends had asked for his reburial, his ashes were transferred to a common grave.
Heritage
His figure and work were resurrected in the 1920s by Diego Rivera and José Clemente Orozco, whose work he significantly influenced. A representative collection of his works is in the National Institute fine arts and literature in Mexico City.
Literature
- Posada's Mexico/ Ron Tyler, ed. Washington: Library of Congress, 1979
- Rothenstein J. Posada: Messenger of Mortality. New York: Moyer Ltd, 1989
- Toor F. Las obras de Jose Guadalupe Posada: grabador mexicano. Mexico: Ed. RM, 2002
- Cortez C. a.o. Viva Posada!: a salute to the great printmaker of the Mexican revolution. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr, 2002
- López Casillas M. José Guadalupe Posada: ilustrador de cuadernos populares. Mexico: Editorial RM, 2003
- Miliotes D.H. José Guadalupe Posada and the Mexican broadside. Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 2006
- Topete del Valle A. José Guadalupe Posada: prócer de la gráfica popular mexicana. Aguascalientes: Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, 2007
- José Lebrero Stals J., Reverté R. Posada: Mexican engraver. Seville: Centro Andaluz de Art Contemporáneo; Mexico: Editorial RM, 2008 (exhibition catalogue)
Links
Categories:
- Artists of Mexico
- Mexico charts
- Cartoonists of Mexico
- Born in 1852
- Died in 1913
- Deaths in Mexico City
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See what “Guadalupe Posada, Jose” is in other dictionaries:
Guadalupe Posada, José José Guadalupe Posada José Guadalupe Posada (Spanish José Guadalupe Posada, February 2, 1852, Aguascalientes - January 20, 1913, Mexico City) - Mexican graphic artist, cartoonist, book illustrator... Wikipedia
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- (Posada) (1851 1913), Mexican graphic. Woodcuts, often in the tradition of folk art (“calavera” scenes with skeletons), illustrated songs, ballads, stories, and called for revolutionary struggle. * * * POSADA Jose Guadalupe POSADA... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary
Posada Jose Guadalupe (2.2.1851, Aguascalnes, 20.1.1913, Mexico City), Mexican graphic artist. Working from 1887 in Mexico City at the publishing house of A. Vanegas Arroyo, he studied graphics with M. Manilla. Collaborated in many newspapers, created over 15 thousand... ...
- (1851 1913) Mexican graphic. Woodcuts, often in the tradition of folk art (calavera scenes with skeletons), illustrated songs, ballads, stories, called for revolutionary struggle... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
- (Posada) Jose Guadalupe (2.2.1851, Aguascalnes, 20.1.1913, Mexico City), Mexican graphic artist. Working from 1887 in Mexico City at the publishing house of A. Vanegas Arroyo, he studied graphics with M. Manilla. Collaborated in many newspapers, created over 15 thousand... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
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Jose Guadalupe Posada (Spanish: José Guadalupe Posada, February 2, 1852, Aguascalientes - January 20, 1913, Mexico City) - Mexican graphic artist, cartoonist, book illustrator.
In 1871 he began publishing political cartoons in the local newspaper El Jicote ("The Bumblebee"). After the closure of the newspaper, which offended the authorities, Posada moved to Leon. He opened a shop for engravings, lithographs, books with illustrations, posters, etc. products. In 1883 he began teaching the art of lithography at the city school. After the flood of 1888 and the collapse of his trade, he moved to Mexico City. He worked for the liberal newspaper Patria Ilustrada, which was published by Octavio Paz's grandfather. He became famous for his caricatures of the upper classes, finding for them a form that synthesized the traditional Mexican culture of the Festival of the Dead, popular popular prints and the achievements of modern graphics. In particular, his engraving “The Skull of Katrina” is widely known.
During the Mexican Revolution he was on the side of the rebels. But by the end of his life he had already significantly lost popularity and was almost forgotten. He died in poverty.
He was buried in the poor metropolitan cemetery of the Pantheon de Dolores in the lowest category; Since for seven years none of his relatives or friends had asked for his reburial, his ashes were transferred to a common grave.
His figure and work were resurrected in the 1920s by Diego Rivera and José Clemente Orozco, whose work he significantly influenced. A representative collection of his works is housed at the National Institute of Fine Arts and Letters in Mexico City. 