What is interesting about Dostoevsky? "Death penalty by shooting"

Dostoevsky Fyodor Mikhailovich (1821 - 1881) - Great Russian writer, publicist and philosopher. He made a huge contribution to Russian literature. We all know him famous works, such as “Crime and Punishment”, “The Idiot”, “The Brothers Karamazov”, etc. In this article we will try to show you the most interesting facts about Fyodor Mikhailovich.

1. In F. Dostoevsky’s novel “Demons,” the cynical and arrogant image of Stavrogin will become more understandable to you if you know one nuance. The handwritten original of the novel contains Stavrogin’s confession about the rape of a nine-year-old girl, who then hanged herself. This fact was removed from the printed publication.

2. Dostoevsky, who in the past was a member of the revolutionary organization of Petrashevsky’s lawless men, in the novel “Demons” describes the members of this organization. Meaning revolutionaries by demons, Fyodor Mikhailovich directly writes about his former accomplices - it was “... an unnatural and anti-state society of about thirteen people,” speaks of them as “... a bestial voluptuous society” and that they are “... not socialists, but swindlers ... " For his truthful frankness about revolutionaries, V.I. Lenin called F.M. Dostoevsky “the most nasty Dostoevsky.”

3. In 1859, Dostoevsky retired from the army “due to illness” and received permission to live in Tver. At the end of the year, he moved to St. Petersburg and, together with his brother Mikhail, began publishing the magazines “Time”, then “Epoch”, combining enormous editorial work with authorship: he wrote journalistic and literary-critical articles, polemical notes, works of art. After my brother's death, what remained of the magazines was huge amount debts that Fyodor Mikhailovich had to pay almost until the end of his life.

4. Fans of the work of F.M. Dostoevsky know that the sin of parricide in The Brothers Karamazov lies with Ivan, but the reason for the crime is not clear. The handwritten original of The Brothers Karamazov indicates the real reason crimes. It turns out that son Ivan killed father F.P. Karamazov because his father raped young Ivan with the sin of sodomy, in general, for pedophilia. IN printed publications this fact was not included.

5. Dostoevsky made extensive use of the real topography of St. Petersburg in describing the places in his novel Crime and Punishment. As the writer admitted, he compiled a description of the yard in which Raskolnikov hides the things he stole from the pawnbroker’s apartment from personal experience- when one day, while walking around the city, Dostoevsky turned into a deserted courtyard to relieve himself.

6. His impressionability clearly went beyond the norm. When some street beauty told him “no,” he would faint. And if she said yes, the result was often exactly the same.

7. To say that Fyodor Mikhailovich had increased sexuality means to say almost nothing. This physiological property was so developed in him that, despite all efforts to hide it, it involuntarily broke out - in words, looks, actions. This, of course, was noticed by those around him and ridiculed him. Turgenev called him “the Russian Marquis de Sade.” Unable to control his sensual fire, he resorted to the services of prostitutes. But many of them, having once tasted Dostoevsky’s love, then refused his proposals: his love was too unusual, and, most importantly, painful.

8. Only one thing could save him from the abyss of debauchery: his beloved woman. And when such a person appeared in his life, Dostoevsky was transformed. It was she, Anna, who appeared for him as an angel-savior, and a helper, and that very sexual toy with which he could do everything, without guilt or remorse. She was 20, he was 45. Anna was young and inexperienced, and did not see anything strange in the intimate relationship that her husband offered her. She took violence and pain for granted. Even if she didn't approve or didn't like what he wanted, she didn't tell him no or show her displeasure in any way. She once wrote: “I’m ready to spend the rest of my life kneeling before him.”. She put his pleasure above all else. He was God to her...

9. He met his future wife Anna Snitkina during a very difficult period in the writer’s life. He pawned literally everything he could to the moneylenders for pennies, even his cotton coat, and yet he still had urgent debts of several thousand rubles. At this moment, Dostoevsky signed a fantastically enslaving contract with the publisher Strelovsky, according to which he had to, firstly, sell him all his already written works, and secondly, write a new one by a certain deadline. The main point in the contract was an article according to which, if a new novel was not submitted on time, Strelovsky would publish whatever Dostoevsky wrote at his discretion for nine years, without remuneration.

Despite the servitude, the contract gave Dostoevsky the opportunity to pay off the most aggressive creditors and escape from the rest abroad. But after returning, it turned out that there was a month left before the delivery of a new novel of one and a half hundred pages, and Fyodor Mikhailovich had not written a single line. Friends suggested that he use the services of " literary blacks", but he refused. Then they advised him to invite at least a stenographer, who was young Anna Grigorievna Snitkina. The novel “The Gambler” was written (or rather, dictated by Snitkina) in 26 days and delivered on time! Moreover, under extraordinary circumstances - Strelovsky specifically left the city, and Dostoevsky had to leave the manuscript against the receipt of the police officer of the unit where the publisher lived.

Dostoevsky proposed to the young girl (she was 20 years old at the time, he was 45) and received consent.

10. The mother of Anna Grigorievna Snitkina (second wife) was a respectable house owner and gave her daughter a dowry of many thousands in the form of money, utensils and an apartment building.

11. Anna Snitkina, already at a young age, led the life of a capitalist homeowner and after her wedding to Fyodor Mikhailovich, she immediately took up his financial affairs.

First of all, she pacified the numerous creditors of the late brother Mikhail, explaining to them that it is better to receive for a long time and little by little than not to receive at all.

Then she turned her business eye to the publication of her husband’s books and discovered, again, completely wild things. Thus, for the right to publish the most popular novel “Demons,” Dostoevsky was offered 500 “author’s” rubles, with payment in installments over two years. At the same time, as it turned out, printing houses, provided the writer’s name was well-known, willingly printed books with a deferred payment for six months. Printing paper could also be purchased in the same way.

It would seem that under such conditions it would be very profitable to publish your books yourself. However, the daredevils soon burned out, since monopolistic bookseller publishers, naturally, quickly cut off their oxygen. But the 26-year-old young lady turned out to be too tough for them.

As a result, “Demons” published by Anna Grigorievna, instead of the “author’s” 500 rubles offered by the publishers, brought the Dostoevsky family 4,000 rubles of net income. Subsequently, she not only independently published and sold her husband’s books, but also worked, as they would say now, wholesale trade books by other authors aimed at regions.

To say that Fedor Mikhailovich got one of the best managers of his time for free is to tell half the truth. After all, this manager also selflessly loved him, gave birth to children and patiently led him for pennies (giving thousands of hard-earned rubles to creditors) household. In addition, for 14 years, married Anna Grigorievna also worked for free as a stenographer for her husband.

12. In his letters to Anna, Fyodor Mikhailovich was often unrestrained and filled them with many erotic allusions: “I kiss you all the time in my dreams, every minute passionately. I especially love what it says: And he is delighted and intoxicated by this delightful object. I kiss this object every minute in all forms and intend to kiss it all my life. Oh, how I kiss you, how I kiss you! Anka, don’t say that this is rude, but what should I do, that’s who I am, you can’t judge me... I kiss your toes, then your lips, then what “I am delighted and intoxicated with.” These words were written by him at the age of 57.

13. Anna Grigorievna remained faithful to her husband until her death. The year of his death she was only 35 years old, but she considered her woman's life finished and devoted herself to serving his name. She published full meeting his works, collected his letters and notes, forced friends to write his biography, founded the Dostoevsky school in Staraya Russa, and wrote memoirs herself. In 1918, in the last year of her life, the then aspiring composer Sergei Prokofiev came to Anna Grigorievna and asked to make some kind of recording for his album “dedicated to the sun.” She wrote: “The sun of my life is Fyodor Dostoevsky. Anna Dostoevskaya..."

14. Dostoevsky was incredibly jealous. Attacks of jealousy seized him suddenly, sometimes arising out of the blue. He could suddenly return home an hour later - and start rummaging through the closets and looking under all the beds! Or, for no apparent reason, he will become jealous of his neighbor - a frail old man.

Any trifle could serve as a reason for an outburst of jealousy. For example: if the wife looked at so-and-so for too long, or smiled too broadly at so-and-so!

Dostoevsky will develop a number of rules for his second wife Anna Snitkina, which she, at his request, will adhere to in the future: do not wear tight dresses, do not smile at men, do not laugh in conversation with them, do not paint your lips, do not draw eyeliner... Indeed, with From now on, Anna Grigorievna will behave with men with extreme restraint and dryness.

15. In 1873, Dostoevsky began editing the newspaper-magazine “Citizen,” where he did not limit himself to editorial work, deciding to publish his own journalistic, memoir, literary-critical essays, feuilletons, and stories. This diversity was “redeemed” by the unity of intonation and views of the author, conducting a constant dialogue with the reader. This is how the “Diary of a Writer” began to be created, to which Dostoevsky dedicated recent years a lot of effort, turning it into a report on impressions of the most important phenomena public and political life and setting out on its pages their political, religious, aesthetic convictions.

"A Writer's Diary" was a huge success and prompted many people to enter into correspondence with its author. In fact, it was the first live magazine.

With a death sentence and hard labor, whirlwind romances and a game of roulette, burned manuscripts and “The Gambler”, written in 26 days... We recall interesting facts from the life of Fyodor Dostoevsky.

Family of Dostoevsky coat of arms Radvan

On his father's side, the writer came from the Dostoevsky noble family of the Radvan coat of arms, which dates back to 1506. The ancestor of the family was considered to be the boyar Daniil Irtishch. He acquired the village of Dostoevo in Belarusian Polesie, and the writer’s surname came from its name. Fyodor Dostoevsky did not know such details about his ancestors: the writer’s wife, Anna Dostoevskaya, began studying the family tree only after his death.

Lost manuscripts

The first works of Fyodor Dostoevsky - theatrical plays - have not survived. In the early 1840s, while studying at the Engineering School of St. Petersburg, the aspiring writer worked on three dramas - “Mary Stuart”, “Boris Godunov” and “The Jew Yankel”. He read excerpts from the works to his brother Mikhail. Today the manuscripts are considered lost.

New Gogol

Fyodor Dostoevsky wrote his first novel, “Poor People,” in 1845. The writer Dmitry Grigorovich, who lived in the same apartment with Dostoevsky, gave the manuscript to Nikolai Nekrasov. He read the work in one night and the next day took the manuscript to Vissarion Belinsky, saying about the author: « New Gogol appeared! " Later, Nekrasov published the novel in his new almanac “Petersburg Collection”.

"Death penalty by shooting"

This was the verdict that the Military Judicial Commission passed on Dostoevsky in the “Petrashevsky case.” The writer joined Petrashevsky's circle in the late 1840s. Many topical issues were discussed here - the abolition of serfdom, freedom of the press, reforms. Fyodor Dostoevsky was arrested for publicly reading a forbidden letter from Belinsky. The fact that the execution would be staged and the prisoners would be sent to hard labor was announced to the convicts at the very last moment. Fyodor Dostoevsky later described the feelings of a man sentenced to death in his novel The Idiot.

The Secret Gospel

Dostoevsky was heading to the Omsk prison via Tobolsk. Here he met with the wives of the exiled Decembrists Josephine Muravyova, Praskovya Annenkova and Natalya Fonvizina. They gave the Petrashevites the Gospel - the only book that was allowed in the prison. Dostoevsky did not part with her all his life. Today the book is kept in the writer’s museum-apartment in Moscow.

“I will only say that participation and lively sympathy rewarded us with almost complete happiness. The exiles of the old days (that is, not they, but their wives) took care of us as if they were relatives. What wonderful souls, tested by 25 years of grief and selflessness. We saw them briefly, because we were kept strictly. But they sent us food, clothing, comforted and encouraged us.”

Fyodor Dostoevsky

"A new era is before us..."

In exile, Dostoevsky learned about the death of Emperor Nicholas I and wrote a poem dedicated to his widow, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, “On European Events in 1854,” as well as poems for the coronation of Alexander II - “On the First of July 1855,” “On the Coronation.” and the conclusion of peace." On the day of the coronation of Alexander II in 1856, a pardon was announced to the Petrashevites, but Dostoevsky’s “loyal” poems were not published during his lifetime.

A new era is before us.
Sweet dawn of hope
Rising brightly before the eyes...
God bless the king!

Fyodor Dostoevsky, excerpt from the poem “For the Coronation and the Conclusion of Peace”

"Time" and "Epoch"

Fyodor Dostoevsky and his older brother Mikhail (also a writer) published the literary and political magazine “Vremya”, and after its closure, they published the magazine “Epoch”. The works “Humiliated and Insulted”, “Notes from House of the Dead", "Bad Anecdote", "Winter Notes on Summer Impressions" and "Notes from the Underground".

Passion according to Dostoevsky

In 1862, the writer went abroad for the first time. He visited Germany, France, England, Switzerland, Italy and Austria. In Europe, the writer first became interested in playing roulette, and later met Apollinaria Suslova, the wife of Vasily Rozanov. A short, but whirlwind romance. Fyodor Dostoevsky described his love experiences in the novel “The Gambler,” and Apollinaria Suslova became the prototype of Nastasya Filippovna in “The Idiot.”

A novel in 26 days

Fyodor Dostoevsky signed a contract to publish the novel due to debts. Under the terms of this agreement, he was required to submit new novel by November 1, 1866. If the contract was violated, the publisher received the right to publish all the writer’s works free of charge for 9 years.

Dostoevsky was enthusiastically writing Crime and Punishment when he remembered his obligations. The writer hired a professional stenographer Anna Snitkina. Using his experience from a trip abroad, from October 4 to October 29, he dictated to her the text of a new novel, “The Player.” The work was delivered on time, and a week after that Dostoevsky proposed to Anna Snitkina, who was 25 years old younger than the writer.

Set on fire

Fyodor Dostoevsky was related to Nikolai Gogol not only literary devices and social stories. Just like his predecessor, Dostoevsky sometimes burned his manuscripts. In 1871, returning to Russia from abroad, the writer burned draft versions of “The Idiot,” “The Eternal Husband” and “Demons.” However, his wife insisted that the writer keep some of the drafts and excerpts of the works.

Dostoevsky burned “Crime and Punishment”: the writer wrote and redrew it more than once. Dostoevsky wrote to his friend Baron Wrangel: “At the end of November there was a lot written and ready; I burned everything; Now we can admit it... New form, new plan I got carried away and started again".

Interesting facts from the life of Fyodor Mikhailovich:

1. Raskolnikov's cache is taken from life.
   Dostoevsky in his works often used real events that he could observe simply walking down the street in St. Petersburg. Thus, the situation that is described in the novel “Crime and Punishment”, where Raskolnikov hides things in the yard that he stole from an old woman, Dostoevsky observed in one of the courtyards of St. Petersburg. As the author later admitted, he simply went there to relieve himself.
2. Dostoevsky fainted near the ladies.
   As is known from some sources, the writer was very impressionable and, when rejected by another young lady, could easily faint. However, if the young ladies agreed, Fyodor Mikhailovich’s reaction was the same.
3. Fyodor Mikhailovich visited prostitutes.
   To say that Dostoevsky had a masculine core and sexual charisma is to say nothing. Turgenev himself called him “the Russian Marquis de Sade.” Sometimes the writer resorted to the services of prostitutes to calm down the ardent heat of his body. After the next “act of love”, many of them said that they would not return there again.
4. The writer got into debt.
   In 1867, when the writer met the young stenographer Anna, he was on the edge of the abyss. The writer owed a tidy sum of money after losing it at Roulette. Then, thanks to Anechka, the novel “The Gambler” was completed within 26 days, and with the money received, Dostoevsky was able to pay off his debts.
5. There was a big age difference with my wife.
   Fyodor Mikhailovich truly transformed when he married stenographer Anna Snitkina. Despite the fact that there was a big age difference between them (the young wife was 20, the writer was 45), nothing prevented them from loving each other for the rest of their lives.
6. Anna Snitkina obeyed all his fantasies.
   After her marriage, Anna became Dostoevsky’s personal angel, assistant and, in a way, a slave. The writer had the opportunity to experience all his frank fantasies on his wife. Anna, a young, inexperienced girl in love, accepted all perversions and violence as a normal phenomenon. Her words to her husband spoke of devotion and unearthly love"I'm ready to spend the rest of my life kneeling before him."
7. Anna was an excellent manager.
   After the wedding, Anna Dostoevskaya took charge financial affairs family. She pacified all the creditors to whom Fyodor’s brother Mikhail owed money, and also dealt with the publishing houses of her husband’s books, which offered a meager price for the writer’s works. Thus, for one of the most popular novels, “Demons,” Fyodor Mikhailovich was offered 500 rubles with payment over several years. Most likely, this would have been the case if Anna had not taken up the matter. She ensured that her husband was paid 4,000 rubles in net income right away. Thus, Anna Snitkina became one of the most successful managers of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky.
8. The writer's jealousy was manic.
   It is known that the writer was very jealous and after his wedding with Anna, he gave her a certain “list” of what she should not do. So, these responsibilities included: not wearing tight dresses, not wearing bright lipstick, not smiling at other men and not wearing eyeliner. For her part, Anna unquestioningly fulfilled all her husband’s wishes.
9. Creativity is not without a samovar.
   When Fyodor Mikhailovich created his masterpieces, there was always a mug filled with tea next to him, and a warm samovar was always standing in the kitchen.
10. The wife's loyalty knew no bounds.
    After Dostoevsky's death, Anna remained faithful to her husband, despite the fact that she was only 35 years old. Her irresistible love for her husband is equal to the purest and most tender thing that can be in this world.
    She wrote about him“The sun of my life is Fyodor Dostoevsky. Anna Dostoevskaya..."

Some call him a prophet, a gloomy philosopher, others - an evil genius. He himself called himself “a child of the century, a child of unbelief, doubt.” Much has been said about Dostoevsky as a writer, but his personality is surrounded by an aura of mystery. The multifaceted nature of the classic allowed him to leave his mark on the pages of history and inspire millions of people around the world. His ability to expose vices without turning away from them made the heroes so alive, and his works so full of mental suffering. Immersion in the world of Dostoevsky can be painful and difficult, but it gives birth to something new in people; this is precisely the literature that educates. Dostoevsky is a phenomenon that needs to be studied long and thoughtfully. A short biography of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, some interesting facts from his life, and creativity will be presented to your attention in the article.

Brief biography in dates

Main task life, as Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky wrote, is to “not become discouraged, not to fall,” despite all the trials sent from above. And he had a lot of them.

November 11, 1821 - birth. Where was Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky born? He was born in our glorious capital - Moscow. Father - staff doctor Mikhail Andreevich, the family is a believer, pious. They named it after their grandfather.

The boy began studying at a young age under the guidance of his parents; by the age of 10 he knew the history of Russia quite well; his mother taught him to read. Attention was also paid to religious education: daily prayer before bed was a family tradition.

In 1837, Fyodor Mikhailovich’s mother Maria died, and in 1839, father Mikhail.

1838 - Dostoevsky enters the Main Engineering School of St. Petersburg.

1841 - becomes an officer.

1843 - enrolled in the engineering corps. Studying was not fun, I had a strong craving for literature, the first creative experiences the writer was already doing it then.

1847 - visit to Petrashevsky Fridays.

April 23, 1849 - Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky was arrested and imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress.

From January 1850 to February 1854 - Omsk fortress, hard labor. This period had a strong influence on the writer’s creativity and worldview.

1854-1859 - period military service, city of Semipalatinsk.

1857 - wedding with Maria Dmitrievna Isaeva.

June 7, 1862 - the first trip abroad, where Dostoevsky stayed until October. I became interested in gambling for a long time.

1863 - love, relationship with A. Suslova.

1864 - the writer’s wife Maria and older brother Mikhail die.

1867 - marries stenographer A. Snitkina.

Until 1871 they traveled a lot outside of Russia.

1877 - spends a lot of time with Nekrasov, then makes a speech at his funeral.

1881 - Dostoevsky Fyodor Mikhailovich dies, he was 59 years old.

Biography in detail

The childhood of the writer Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky can be called prosperous: born into a noble family in 1821, he received an excellent home education and upbringing. My parents managed to instill a love of languages ​​(Latin, French, German) and history. After reaching the age of 16, Fedor was sent to a private boarding school. Then training continued at the St. Petersburg Military Engineering School. Dostoevsky showed interest in literature even then, visited literary salons with his brother, and tried to write himself.

As the biography of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky testifies, 1839 claims the life of his father. Internal protest is looking for a way out, Dostoevsky begins to get acquainted with the socialists, and visits Petrashevsky’s circle. The novel "Poor People" was written under the influence of the ideas of that period. This work allowed the writer to finally finish his hated engineering service and engage in literature. From an unknown student, Dostoevsky became a successful writer until censorship intervened.

In 1849, the ideas of the Petrashevites were recognized as harmful, members of the circle were arrested and sent to hard labor. It is noteworthy that the sentence was originally death, but the last 10 minutes changed it. The Petrashevites who were already on the scaffold were pardoned, limiting their punishment to four years of hard labor. Mikhail Petrashevsky was sentenced to life hard labor. Dostoevsky was sent to Omsk.

The biography of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky says that serving his sentence was difficult for the writer. He compares that time to being buried alive. Hard, monotonous work like firing bricks, disgusting conditions, and cold undermined Fyodor Mikhailovich’s health, but also gave him food for thought, new ideas, and themes for creativity.

After serving his sentence, Dostoevsky served in Semipalatinsk, where his only joy was his first love - Maria Dmitrievna Isaeva. This relationship was tender, somewhat reminiscent of the relationship between a mother and her son. The only thing that stopped the writer from proposing to a woman was the fact that she had a husband. A little later he died. In 1857, Dostoevsky finally wooed Maria Isaeva, and they got married. After marriage, the relationship changed somewhat; the writer himself speaks of them as “unhappy.”

1859 - return to St. Petersburg. Dostoevsky writes again, opens the magazine “Time” with his brother. Brother Mikhail runs his business ineptly, gets into debt, and dies. Fyodor Mikhailovich has to deal with debts. He has to write quickly in order to be able to pay off all the accumulated debts. But even in such a hurry they were created the most complex works Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky.

In 1860, Dostoevsky falls in love with the young Apollinaria Suslova, who is completely different from his wife Maria. The relationship was also different - passionate, vibrant, lasted three years. At the same time, Fyodor Mikhailovich became interested in playing roulette and lost a lot. This period of life is reflected in the novel “The Player”.

1864 claimed the lives of his brother and wife. It was as if something had broken in the writer Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. Relations with Suslova are fading, the writer feels lost, alone in the world. He tries to escape from himself abroad, to distract himself, but the melancholy does not leave him. Epileptic seizures become more frequent. This is how Anna Snitkina, a young stenographer, recognized and fell in love with Dostoevsky. The man shared his life story with the girl; he needed to talk it out. Gradually they became close, although the age difference was 24 years. Anna accepted Dostoevsky’s offer to marry him sincerely, because Fyodor Mikhailovich aroused the brightest, most enthusiastic feelings in her. The marriage was perceived negatively by society, Dostoevsky's adopted son Pavel. The newlyweds are leaving for Germany.

The relationship with Snitkina had a beneficial effect on the writer: he got rid of his addiction to roulette and became calmer. In 1868, Sophia is born, but dies three months later. After a difficult period of common experiences, Anna and Fyodor Mikhailovich continue to try to conceive a child. They succeed: Lyubov (1869), Fedor (1871) and Alexey (1875) are born. Alexey inherited the disease from his father and died at the age of three. His wife became for Fyodor Mikhailovich support and support, a spiritual outlet. In addition, it helped improve my financial situation. The family moves to Staraya Russa to escape the nervous life in St. Petersburg. Thanks to Anna, a girl wise beyond her years, Fyodor Mikhailovich becomes happy, at least for a short time. Here they spend their time happily and serenely, until Dostoevsky’s health forces them to return to the capital.

In 1881 the writer dies.

Carrot or stick: how Fyodor Mikhailovich raised children

The indisputability of his father's authority was the basis of Dostoevsky's upbringing, which passed into his own family. Decency, responsibility - the writer managed to invest these qualities in his children. Even if they did not grow up to be the same geniuses as their father, some craving for literature existed in each of them.

The writer believed major mistakes education:

• ignoring inner world child;
• intrusive attention;
• bias.

He called the suppression of individuality, cruelty, and making life easier as a crime against a child. Dostoevsky considered the main instrument of education not corporal punishment, A parental love. He himself incredibly loved his children and was very worried about their illnesses and losses.

An important place in a child’s life, as Fyodor Mikhailovich believed, should be given to spiritual light and religion. The writer rightly believed that a child always takes an example from the family where he was born. Dostoevsky's educational measures were based on intuition.

Literary evenings were a good tradition in the family of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. These evening readings of literary masterpieces were traditional in the author’s childhood. Often, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky’s children fell asleep and did not understand anything they read, but he continued to cultivate literary taste. Often the writer read with such feeling that he began to cry in the process. I loved to hear what impression this or that novel made on children.

Another educational element is visiting the theater. Opera was preferred.

Lyubov Dostoevskaya

Lyubov Fedorovna's attempts to become a writer were unsuccessful. Maybe the reason was that her work was always inevitably compared with her father’s brilliant novels, maybe she was writing about the wrong things. As a result main work her life was a description of her father's biography.

The girl who lost him at the age of 11 was very afraid that in the next world Fyodor Mikhailovich’s sins would not be forgiven. She believed that life continues after death, but here on earth one must seek happiness. For Dostoevsky’s daughter, it consisted primarily in a clear conscience.

Lyubov Fedorovna lived to be 56 years old and spent the last few years in sunny Italy. She was probably happier there than at home.

Fyodor Dostoevsky

Fedor Fedorovich became a horse breeder. The boy began to show interest in horses as a child. Tried to create literary works, but it didn’t work out. He was vain and strived to achieve success in life; he inherited these qualities from his grandfather. If Fedor Fedorovich was not sure that he could be the first in something, he preferred not to do it, his pride was so pronounced. He was nervous and withdrawn, wasteful, prone to excitement, like his father.

Fedor lost his father at the age of 9, but he managed to invest in him best qualities. His father's upbringing helped him a lot in life, he received good education. He achieved great success in his business, perhaps because he loved what he did.

Creative path in dates

Start creative path Dostoevsky was bright, he wrote in many genres.

Genres early period creativity of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky:

• humorous story;
• physiological essay;
• tragicomic story;
• yuletide story;
• story;
• novel.

In 1840-1841 - the creation of historical dramas “Mary Stuart”, “Boris Godunov”.

1844 - translation of Balzac's "Eugenie Grande" is published.

1845 - the story “Poor People” was completed, met Belinsky and Nekrasov.

1846 - “The Petersburg Collection” was published, “Poor People” were published.

“The Double” was published in February, and “Mr. Prokharchin” was published in October.

In 1847, Dostoevsky wrote “The Mistress” and published it in the “St. Petersburg Gazette”.

“White Nights” was written in December 1848, and “Netochka Nezvanova” in 1849.

1854-1859 - service in Semipalatinsk, “Uncle’s Dream”, “The Village of Stepanchikovo and its Inhabitants”.

In 1860, the Russian World published a fragment “ Notes of the Dead Houses". The first collected works were published.

1861 - the beginning of the publication of the magazine “Time”, the printing of part of the novel “Humiliated and Insulted”, “Notes from the House of the Dead”.

In 1863, “Winter Notes on Summer Impressions” were created.

May of the same year - the magazine “Time” was closed.

1864 - the beginning of publication of the magazine "Epoch". "Notes from the Underground."

1865 - " Extraordinary event, or Passage in Passage" is published in "Crocodile".

1866 - written by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment”, “The Gambler”. Traveling abroad with family. "Idiot".

In 1870, Dostoevsky wrote the story “The Eternal Husband.”

1871-1872 - “Demons.”

1875 - “Teenager” was published in “Notes of the Fatherland”.

1876 ​​- resumption of activity of the “Diary of a Writer”.

From 1879 to 1880, The Brothers Karamazov was written.

Places in St. Petersburg

The city preserves the spirit of the writer; many of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky’s books were written here.

1. Dostoevsky studied at the Engineering Mikhailovsky Castle.
2. The Serapinskaya Hotel on Moskovsky Prospekt became the writer’s place of residence in 1837; he lived here, seeing St. Petersburg for the first time in his life.
3. “Poor People” was written in the house of the postal director Pryanichnikov.
4. “Mr. Prokharchin” was created in Kochenderfer’s house on Kazanskaya Street.
5. In Soloshich's apartment building on Vasilyevsky Island Fyodor Mikhailovich lived in the 1840s.
6. Apartment house Kotomina introduced Dostoevsky to Petrashevsky.
7. The writer lived on Voznesensky Prospekt during his arrest and wrote “White Nights”, “Honest Thief” and other stories.
8. “Notes from the House of the Dead”, “Humiliated and Insulted” were written on 3rd Krasnoarmeyskaya Street.
9. The writer lived in the house of A. Astafieva in 1861-1863.
10. In the Strubinsky house on Grechesky Avenue - from 1875 to 1878.

Symbolism of Dostoevsky

You can analyze the books of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky endlessly, finding new and new symbols. Dostoevsky mastered the art of penetrating into the essence of things, their soul. It is precisely the ability to unravel these symbols one by one that makes traveling through the pages of novels so exciting.

• Axe.

This symbol carries a deadly meaning, being a kind of emblem of Dostoevsky’s work. The ax symbolizes murder, crime, decisive desperate step, turning point. If a person says the word “axe,” most likely the first thing that comes to mind is “Crime and Punishment” by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky.

• Clean linen.

His appearance in novels occurs at certain similar moments, which allows us to talk about symbolism. For example, Raskolnikov was prevented from committing a murder by a maid hanging out clean laundry. Ivan Karamazov had a similar situation. It is not so much the linen itself that is symbolic, but its color - white, denoting purity, correctness, purity.

• Smells.

It is enough to glance over any of Dostoevsky’s novels to understand how important smells are to him. One of them, which occurs more often than others, is the smell of a corruptive spirit.

• Silver pledge.

One of the most important symbols. The silver cigarette case was not made of silver at all. A motive of falsity, counterfeitness, and suspicion appears. Raskolnikov, having made a cigarette case out of wood, similar to a silver one, as if he had already committed a deception, a crime.

• The sound of a brass bell.

The symbol plays a warning role. A small detail makes the reader feel the mood of the hero and imagine events more vividly. Small objects are endowed with strange, unusual features, emphasizing the exceptionality of the circumstances.

• Wood and iron.

In novels there are many things from these materials, each of them carries certain meaning. If wood symbolizes a person, a victim, bodily torment, then iron symbolizes crime, murder, evil.

Finally, I would like to note some interesting facts from the life of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky.

1. Dostoevsky wrote most of all in the last 10 years of his life.
2. Dostoevsky loved sex, used the services of prostitutes, even while married.
3. Nietzsche called Dostoevsky the best psychologist.
4. He smoked a lot and loved strong tea.
5. He was jealous of his women at every post, and forbade them even to smile in public.
6. He worked more often at night.
7. The hero of the novel “The Idiot” is a self-portrait of the writer.
8. There are many film adaptations of Dostoevsky’s works, as well as those dedicated to him.
9. Fyodor Mikhailovich had his first child at the age of 46.
10. Leonardo DiCaprio also celebrates his birthday on November 11th.
11. More than 30,000 people came to the writer's funeral.
12. Sigmund Freud considered Dostoevsky's The Brothers Karamazov to be the greatest novel ever written.

We also present to your attention famous quotes Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky:

1. We must love life more than the meaning of life.
2. Freedom is not about not being restrained, but about being in control.
3. In everything there is a line beyond which it is dangerous to cross; for once you have stepped over, it is impossible to go back.
4. Happiness is not in happiness, but only in its achievement.
5. No one will make the first move, because everyone thinks that it is not mutual.
6. The Russian people seem to enjoy their suffering.
7. Life is suffocating without purpose.
8. To stop reading books means to stop thinking.
9. There is no happiness in comfort; happiness is bought through suffering.
10. B true loving heart either jealousy kills love, or love kills jealousy.

Conclusion

The outcome of every person's life is his actions. Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (lived 1821-1881) left behind brilliant novels, having lived a relatively short life. Who knows if these novels would have been born if the author’s life had been easy, without obstacles and hardships? Dostoevsky, whom they know and love, is impossible without suffering, mental tossing, and internal overcoming. They are what make the works so real.

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky is a writer known throughout the world. His works are still read, studied, debated, and filmed.
Is there any interesting facts from the life of Dostoevsky himself, what kind of person was he, what were his inclinations?

Interestingly, Dostoevsky actually obsessively considered himself ugly, like a terrible Quasimodo. He was quick-tempered, irritable, touchy, jealous, all this prevented him from establishing relationships with women. Although, according to contemporaries, Fyodor Mikhailovich had increased sexuality. This trait was very developed in him, he tried to hide it, but to no avail - his interesting inclination was visible in his words, actions, and views.

Those around him ridiculed him, and Turgenev compared him to “the Marquis de Sade.” Dostoevsky often had to satisfy his unbridled desire with the help of prostitutes. An interesting fact is that later those of them who provided services to the writer then refused to deal with him, since his love games were too unusual, and often painful. He needed someone who would not contradict him in anything, and idolized him, despite his oddities.

Fyodor Mikhailovich was born in 1821, and for the first time he married only at the age of 36 to Maria Dmitrievna Isaeva, the widow of an official from Semipalatinsk. Maria received a good education, this cheerful, intelligent, kind and pretty woman, could not bear his betrayal and constant jealousy. Although Maria quite possibly ran “to the left” :) Dostoevsky wrote about his marriage with her: “We live somehow.” Isaeva fell ill with consumption and died in 1864.

In 1845, Dostoevsky hired 19-year-old Anna Grigorievna Snitkina to work as a stenographer. For him, she became a real gift. Unlike the unbalanced, hot-tempered writer, Anna was calm, sweet, beautiful, and kind. It is interesting that Dostoevsky quickly proposes to this young girl, and she agrees. Dostoevsky actually feels happy and calm for the first time.

However, Anna had to go through frantic, insane and frequent attacks of jealousy, the birth and death of her children, terrible attacks of epilepsy, and an uncontrollable passion for roulette. She managed to help him. Dostoevsky loved her like a father, young and innocent. The mixture of these factors gave their relationship a touch of sinfulness. This is probably why Fyodor Mikhailovich never looked at any other woman again and, apparently, never cheated on Anna even in his thoughts.

At the time of the wedding, he was 45 years old, and she was 20. Anna Grigorievna wrote: “I am ready to spend the rest of my life kneeling before him.”

Anna remained faithful to her husband until the end of her life. In the year of the writer’s death, she was only 35 years old, however, she considered her life as a woman over and devoted herself to serving his name: she published the complete works of Dostoevsky, collected all his letters and notes, actually forced her friends to write his biography, founded his school in Staraya Russa, she herself wrote memoirs about Dostoevsky. All yours free time donated his literary legacy to the organization.

Here are some interesting facts from the work of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky:

1. Fans of Dostoevsky’s work know that the sin of parricide in the novel “The Brothers Karamazov” lies with Ivan, although the reason for the crime is not clear. In the original handwritten copy of The Brothers Karamazov, the author indicated the true reason for the crime. As it turned out, son Ivan killed F.P. Karamazov (father) because the father raped young Ivan with the sin of sodomy, in fact, for pedophilia. Of course, this fact was not included in printed publications.

2. The author made good use of the real topography of St. Petersburg when describing the places of his novel “Crime and Punishment.” Dostoevsky admitted that the description The courtyard in which Raskolnikov hid the things stolen from the pawnbroker, he compiled from his personal experience - one day, while walking around the city, he turned into a deserted courtyard wanting to relieve himself.

3. Anna Snitkina, while still young, led the life of a capitalist homeowner and after her wedding to Dostoevsky, she immediately took over his financial affairs. She negotiated with his creditors, published and sold his books and books by other authors. Fought against monopolistic publishers. In fact, Fyodor Mikhailovich got the best manager in his time; it’s interesting that Anna loved him more life, and saved him, since Dostoevsky was absolutely incompetent in terms of financial planning, and also pacified his perverted sexual ego.

In fact interesting facts about Dostoevsky not so much, there are many other famous Russian writers. authors of great works: , and , about which you can also read on our website “Know the World”