Crime and punishment Sonya Marmeladova part. The tragic fate of Sonya Marmeladova. What unites Sonya Marmeladova and Raskolnikov

Sonya Marmeladova. Fallen soul or ideal person? Associations to the name: a bloody ax, sympathy for a young killer and a Bible on a table lit by a candle. The most striking and memorable character from the famous work.

But who, after all, is Sonya herself? For me, she is the most incomprehensible and inexplicable hero of Crime and Punishment. After all, virtually all the characters in the book can be classified into two camps - “good” and “bad”. In the first camp are those who, having gone through mental and physical suffering, have changed and found themselves “new.” Its first settler will be main character, the murderer of the old pawnbroker Rodion Raskolnikov. In the second camp there will be a model of tyranny and malice - Comrade Svidrigailov. But which camp should Sonechka Marmeladova belong to? The answer to this question is very, very difficult...

Sonya is the daughter of an official who drank himself and lost his job, tormented by poverty and the reproaches of his consumptive mother. “It was “...” a thin and pale face, rather irregular, somehow pointy, with a pointy small nose and chin. She couldn’t even be called pretty, but her blue eyes were so clear, and when they came to life, the expression on her face became so kind and simple-minded that you involuntarily attracted people to her.” She is prone to self-sacrifice for the well-being of other people. The girl sees no other way than to go to work in order to support her father and his family. It would seem - a prostitute. What kind of saint is she? Where is the purity in her, she sells her body every day and without a twinge of conscience!

But no. Sonya is an example of purity and, no matter how strange it may be, innocence. The girl does not go to church because she is afraid of the condemnation of the congregation. But there is always a Bible on her table, the lines from which eighteen-year-old Sonya remembers by heart. The girl is fundamentally different from other girls of easy virtue - she only makes money through prostitution, she is not attracted to it by sweetness carnal pleasures. The panel for Sonya is just work and nothing more. Just as someone paints walls while working as a painter, so Sonya gives herself to men - without feeling anything, simply working off a certain amount, which after all will go to the needs of hungry children, an alcoholic father and a sick mother.

Sonya becomes the last bastion of hope. Just imagine - a despised fallen woman reading the Gospel to a murderer! I would give anything to see such a contradictory and beautiful picture at the same time.

Sonechka Marmeladova, despite her own sin, is much purer than any of the characters in Crime and Punishment. Yes, her sinful body transgressed the commandment “thou shalt not commit adultery.” But the soul is pure! The main thing is the state of the soul, what is the body? After all, the soul is immortal...

The girl is so kind and gentle that, having learned about Rodion’s crime, she does not renounce him. Moreover, she is ready to follow him anywhere - to Siberia, to hard labor - just to help him lost soul. Sonya reads the parable about the resurrection of Lazarus, hoping that Raskolnikov's half-dead soul will be able to resurrect. And in fact, he is resurrected - the killer is ready for a new life. Sonya, like Jesus himself, revives the dead soul of Rodion to life.

The image of Sonechka Marmeladova is one of Dostoevsky’s most talented. After her, the writer tried to create images ideal people: Prince Myshkin in “The Idiot”, Elder Tikhon in “Demons”. And each of the ideal characters was necessarily associated with the church, as with the stronghold of the good qualities of the human soul.

Lecture, abstract. The image of Sonya Marmeladova in the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky Crime and Punishment - concept and types. Classification, essence and features.

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31. Raskolnikov’s theory and its debunking in F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment “ | » 33. Rodion Raskolnikov and Sonya Marmeladova in F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment

“Short, about eighteen, thin, but quite pretty blonde, with wonderful blue eyes.” Daughter of Marmeladov. To help her starving family, she began to engage in prostitution. First we learn about her from Marmeladov’s story. Returning home for the first time with money, Sonechka gave it to her stepmother Katerina Petrovna and lay down with her face to the wall, “only her shoulders and body were shaking.”
Raskolnikov confesses his crime to the girl, shifts part of his torment onto her and hates her for it.
According to Dostoevsky, Sonya is also a criminal. She transgressed herself for the sake of others. Her readiness for self-sacrifice turned into desecration of her own soul.
Sonechka fell in love with Raskolnikov. She sympathizes with him, is ready to share the fate of the young man and bear his cross with him. It is Sonya who reads the Gospel to Raskolnikov, the chapter about the resurrection of Lazarus, which symbolizes the possibility of the resurrection of any, even the dead, soul. And it is Sonya who pushes Raskolnikov to repentance. She follows him when he goes to confess. The girl follows Raskolnikov to hard labor. All the prisoners there treat her with great respect and love. The heroine herself, with her love, resurrects Raskolnikov to a new life. “Sonechka, Sonechka Marmeladova, eternal Sonechka, as long as the world stands!” - this heroine is a symbol of self-sacrifice in the name of one’s neighbor and endless suffering.

Rodion Raskolnikov is the main character of Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment. Raskolnikov is very lonely. He is a poor student living in a small room that looks more like a coffin. Every day Raskolnikov sees " dark side» life, St. Petersburg: outskirts...

The central place in the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky is occupied by the image of Sonya Marmeladova, a heroine whose fate evokes our sympathy and respect. The more we learn about her, the more we are convinced of her purity and nobility, the more we begin to think...

“What am I guilty of before them?.. They themselves harass millions of people, and even consider them to be virtues” - with these words you can begin a lesson about Raskolnikov’s “doubles”. Raskolnikov’s theory, proving whether he is a “trembling creature” or has the right, assumed...

The novel “Crime and Punishment” was written during the storms and upheavals of the post-reform era, when all the contradictions and contrasts appeared in society in the most vivid form. Everywhere the morality of robbery and enrichment was cynically proclaimed as a principle...

“Crime and Punishment” presents the reader with a gallery of characters who not only push Rodion Raskolnikov to commit a crime, but also directly or indirectly contribute to the protagonist’s recognition of his crime, Raskolnikov’s awareness of his insolvency...

The Marmeladov family plays special role in the novel. After all, it was Sonechka Marmeladova, her faith and selfless love Raskolnikov owes his spiritual rebirth. Her great love, a tormented but pure soul, capable of seeing a person even in a murderer, empathizing with him, suffering with him, saved Raskolnikov. Yes, Sonya is a “harlot,” as Dostoevsky writes about her, but she was forced to sell herself in order to save her stepmother’s children from starvation. Even in her terrible situation, Sonya managed to remain human; drunkenness and debauchery did not affect her. But in front of her was shining example a fallen father, completely crushed by poverty and his own powerlessness to change anything in his life. Patience of Sonya and her life force largely stem from her faith. She believes in God, in justice with all her heart, without going into complex philosophical reasoning, she believes blindly, recklessly. And what else can an eighteen-year-old girl believe in, whose entire education is “a few books of romantic content,” seeing around her only drunken quarrels, squabbles, illnesses, debauchery and human grief? Dostoevsky contrasts Sonya's humility with Raskolnikov's rebellion. Subsequently, Rodion Raskolnikov, not accepting Sonya’s religiosity with his mind, decides with his heart to live by her beliefs.

Raskolnikov is not just a criminal, but a victim of his own crime. His soul was sick, which is why he could not recover until he found a person in the world who could understand him and help him. It is with the appearance of Sonya that the feeling of pity wins in Raskolnikov. Pity overcomes him at the thought that he “came to torment” Sonya; he does not want suffering, but he wants happiness. He is especially struck by the humility with which she accepts suffering from him: “After the service, Raskolnikov approached Sonya, she suddenly took him by both hands and leaned her head on his shoulder. This short gesture struck Raskolnikov with bewilderment, it was even strange: “How? Not the slightest disgust towards him, not the slightest tremor in her hand! It was a kind of infinity of his own humiliation... It became terribly difficult for him.” In essence, Sonya’s attitude towards Raskolnikov is the attitude of God towards man, i.e. forgiveness. Sonya feels sorry for Raskolnikov and that is why she forgives him. She returned Rodion to the truth, directed him to the right way, helped me see the world in different colors. This helped Raskolnikov find faith. Sonya Marmeladova's whole life is self-sacrifice. With the power of her love, the ability to endure any torment, she elevates Raskolnikov to herself, helps him overcome himself and resurrect. This heroine personifies the beginning of pity for Raskolnikov: “... He suddenly saw that this humiliated creature was already so humiliated that he suddenly felt sorry. When she made a move to run away from fear, something seemed to turn over in him.” Dostoevsky initially recognizes the absoluteness of the human “I”, the spiritual dignity and freedom of everyone, even the most downtrodden and insignificant person. This dignity is manifested in humility before suffering sent by God.

In the novel, the author raises the question of the most important, common problems life, choosing a path. We get the answer from research and self-analysis of the characters. Dostoevsky gives each hero the right to express his idea: Raskolnikov, Luzhin, Svidrigailov, Sonya. Raskolnikov is concerned with questions about the world, about the place of man, why is everything this way? His suffering soul is rushing about, looking for an answer. Raskolnikov has a mature theory that all people are divided into two categories - ordinary “trembling creatures” and extraordinary “those with the right”, and he harbors the idea of ​​​​a crime - to test himself, who he is. Having committed a crime, Raskolnikov is convinced that his theory is incorrect, that he killed a “nonentity”, and he himself became like a “trembling creature”. Pride does not allow him to admit what he has done or accept the help of his loved ones. This leads him to a dead end. Raskolnikov is looking for justification for his action, looking for “crimes”, like himself. That's why he comes to Sonya. But Sonya “transgressed”, became a sinner not for herself, but for others. Unlike Raskolnikov, she recognizes herself as a sinner. Raskolnikov tries to convince Sonya that she is no better than him. Raskolnikov proves this to himself. Sonya's reading of the Gospel to Raskolnikov is symbolic. Sonya is spiritually higher, stronger than Raskolnikov. She suffers herself, and Raskolnikov brings suffering to others. Sonya is able to penetrate into the meaning of existence with her heart, she believes in the existence of a higher, divine meaning life and no one has the right to judge another. Sonya says to Raskolnikov: “You left God, and God struck you down” - which means everything is in God’s will, you can still return to God. The resurrection of Lazarus is Raskolnikov's ability to resurrect. Sonya's example is very important for Raskolnikov. She strengthened him in his attitude towards life.

Sonya and Raskolnikov read the Gospel. It seems to me that Dostoevsky introduced the scene of reading the Gospel in order to show how moral Raskolnikov and Sonya are. The scene of reading the Gospel in the novel is psychologically the most intense: will Sonya be able to convince Raskolnikov that it is impossible to live without God, will she be able to guide him to faith by her example. Raskolnikov was perplexed how in Sonya shame and baseness were combined with opposite and holy feelings. But Sonya is simply spiritually higher, stronger than Raskolnikov. Sonya believes with her heart in the existence of a higher divine meaning in life. Raskolnikov asked Sonya: “So you really pray to God, Sonya?” Sonya, squeezing his hand, answered: “What would I be without God?” “What is God doing to you for this?” - Raskolnikov tried, “He does everything!” - Sonya answered. Raskolnikov peered at Sonya with curiosity, how this fragile and meek creature could be so convinced of her faith, trembling with indignation and anger. Then he noticed a book on the chest of drawers - the Gospel. It seems to me that, unexpectedly for himself, he asked Sonya to read about the resurrection of Lazarus. Sonya hesitated, why would the unbelieving Raskolnikov need this? He insisted. I think Raskolnikov, in the depths of his soul, remembered the resurrection of Lazarus and hoped for a miracle of the resurrection of himself. Sonya began to read timidly at first, suppressing spasms in her throat, but when she got to the resurrection, her voice grew stronger, rang like metal, she trembled all over in anticipation of the miracle of the resurrection and the miracle that Raskolnikov would hear and believe just as she believes. Raskolnikov listened and watched her with excitement. Sonya finished reading, closed the book and turned away. The silence lasted five minutes. Suddenly Raskolnikov spoke with determination in his eyes: “Let's go together. I came to you. We are cursed together, we will go together!” So the miracle did happen, Raskolnikov realized in his soul that he couldn’t stay like this, he had to break what was needed, take the suffering upon himself. Sonya's example was very important for Raskolnikov; she strengthened him in his attitude to life and faith. Raskolnikov made a decision, and it was no longer the same Raskolnikov - rushing about, hesitating, but enlightened, knowing what to do. I think that the resurrection of Lazarus is the resurrection of Raskolnikov.

So, the person who pushed the main character to confession, helped him to rise spiritually, is Sonechka Marmeladova. Fate treated her and her loved ones cruelly and unfairly. Firstly, apparently, Sonya lost her mother, and then her father; secondly, poverty forced her to go out into the streets to earn money. But the cruelty of fate did not break her moral spirit. In conditions that seem to exclude goodness and humanity, the heroine finds a way out worthy of a real person. Her path is self-sacrifice and religion. Sonya is able to understand and alleviate the suffering of anyone, direct them to the path of truth, forgive everything, and absorb the suffering of others. She takes pity on Katerina Ivanovna, calling her “a child, fair,” and unhappy. Her generosity manifested itself even when she saves Katerina Ivanovna’s children and takes pity on her father, who is dying in her arms with words of repentance. This scene, like others, inspires respect and sympathy for the girl from the first minutes of meeting her. And it is not surprising that Sofya Semyonovna is destined to share the depth of Raskolnikov’s mental torment. Rodion decided to tell his secret to her, and not to Porfiry Petrovich, because he felt that only Sonya could judge him according to his conscience, and her judgment would be different from Porfiry’s. He longed for love, compassion, human sensitivity, that higher light that can support a person in the darkness of life. Raskolnikov's hopes for sympathy and understanding from Sonya were justified. This extraordinary girl, whom he called a “holy fool”, having learned about Rodion’s terrible crime, kisses and hugs him, not remembering herself, says that “there is no one more unhappy in the whole world now” than Raskolnikov. And this is said by the one whose family poverty doomed her to shame and humiliation, the one who is called “a girl of notorious behavior”! Does a sensitive and selfless girl really deserve such a fate, while Luzhin, not suffering from poverty, is petty and mean? It is he who considers Sonya an immoral girl who corrupts society. Perhaps he will never understand that only compassion and the desire to help people, to save them from a difficult fate, explain the heroine’s behavior. Her whole life is pure self-sacrifice. With the power of her love, the ability to selflessly endure any torment for the sake of others, the girl helps the main character overcome himself and resurrect. Sonechka's fate convinced Raskolnikov that his theory was wrong. He saw before him not a “trembling creature”, not a humble victim of circumstances, but a man whose self-sacrifice is far from humility and is aimed at saving the perishing, at effectively caring for his neighbors. Sonya, selfless in her devotion to family and love, is ready to share Raskolnikov’s fate. She sincerely believes that Raskolnikov will be able to resurrect for a new life. The truth of Sonya Marmeladova is her faith in man, in the indestructibility of good in his soul, in the fact that sympathy, self-sacrifice, forgiveness and universal love will save the world.

Raskolnikov’s words about the “eternal Sonechka” express the idea of ​​Christian patience, sacrifice and compassion. In the epilogue of the novel, we read that the convicts did not love Raskolnikov, but loved Sonya: for them she represented the living embodiment of faith and truth. Raskolnikov tries to justify his crime with compassion for those disadvantaged and humiliated people who surround him (“In one life - thousands of lives saved from rot and decay”). But compassion requires one's own blood - this is a donor position. Sonya is stronger than Raskolnikov internally. Raskolnikov, an adult, educated person, a man, grabs hold of her like a stone that lies at the foundation of life. The heaviest sufferings are brought to the Mother of God - “Quench my sorrows.” Sonya has the same characteristic. Sonya's father, Marmeladov, cannot die without her; he dies in her arms. In his book about Dostoevsky, Yu. Karyakin wrote about the main character of the novel: “Humanity does not have many truths, but they are always obtained at an incredibly high price and always anew.” Following Sonechka Marmeladova, Raskolnikov comes from dead life to living life.

Through suffering the soul is purified, and Sonya understands this. When Raskolnikov tells her about the murder, she says: “What have you done to yourself!” - she is trying to understand what is happening in his soul. Of course, when analyzing this topic, it is impossible to do without analyzing the episodes of Raskolnikov’s conversations with Sonya. Here's what you need to pay attention to when analyzing. The first time Raskolnikov comes to Sonya’s home, he is horrified by her room. Just like his coffin room, this ugly space can disfigure the soul of the person living in it.

Sonya is “able to think,” and these thoughts are capable of tormenting her, but this is not abstract philosophizing. Sonya, unlike Raskolnikov, has a reliable spiritual foundation - her faith, and Sonya’s strength is in her faith, in humility. The characters read an episode from the Gospel - the resurrection of Lazarus: an unprecedented miracle, four days have already passed since the death of Lazarus, and Martha’s endless faith in Jesus resurrects her beloved brother. A symbolic parallel arises here: Raskolnikov lay delirious for four days after the murder. And he is destined to see a great miracle, only Raskolnikov does not yet believe in the possibility of this miracle, but Sonya does. Even in the conversation about Katerina Ivanovna, there is a remark that “some kind of insatiable compassion... suddenly appeared in all the features of her face.” This very “insatiable compassion” of Sonya is also a great miracle, and Raskolnikov feels it. Therefore, he kisses Sonya's foot, kneeling in front of her. Sonya, at the moment of reading the Bible, stands disproportionately higher than Raskolnikov, even though he tells her that they have the same road, the same path. And despite the fact that they are a murderer and a harlot, strangely coming together to read an eternal book, Raskolnikov himself still feels in Sonya this inner, hidden from the eyes, force that did not allow her to fall into the “stinking pit.”

The meaning of Raskolnikov’s rebellion is that if they (Sonya and Raskolnikov) are destined to become material, then it is necessary to rebel against this, take power (freed from old moral barriers) and change this cruel and evil world. Sonya cannot accept this godless rebellion. For Sonya, the only possible path is faith, hope, repentance, redemption, humility. She cannot “step over”, “dare” not because she is afraid, but because such a path is impossible for her, she cannot allow herself to “kill her soul.”

The next scene where Sonya appears is the wake. Here there is an accusation of theft and a story with Svidrigailov, and then a second conversation between Sonya and Raskolnikov about “who should live?” Here Sonya utters a phrase that is very important for understanding this image: “Who made me a judge?” Man cannot encroach on the laws of the Lord, people did not create this world, and it is not for them to destroy it or rule it. Raskolnikov comes for the second time to look for a way of salvation: either to convince Sonya that he is right, or to dissuade himself, to accept her truth - but he cannot yet do this. “What have you done to yourself?” - Sonya exclaims, because it is obvious to her that, having killed his neighbor, a person kills himself: “Now there is no one more unhappy than you in the whole world.” The miracle that Sonya believes in is a miracle of repentance and resurrection. Sonya with all her soul longs for this miracle for Raskolnikov, because she sees in him endless suffering, and therefore an opportunity for this miracle to happen. And Sonya accompanies Raskolnikov when he goes to confess. She is ready to go with him, to follow him everywhere, because she already loves him endlessly, and Raskolnikov still does not understand or does not believe it: “This and that, what? ...what do I mean to her? Why is she crying, why is she gathering me, like a mother or Dunya?” But after the miracle has happened, Raskolnikov will understand and realize his feeling for Sonya and her boundless love, capable of resurrecting in him everything alive that he destroyed in himself by committing a crime.

The image of Sonya has two interpretations: traditional and new, given by V. Ya. Kirpotin. According to the first, the heroine embodies Christian ideas, according to the second, she is the bearer of folk morality. Embodied in Sonya folk character in her undeveloped “childish” stage, and the path of suffering forces her to evolve according to the traditional religious scheme - towards the holy fool - it is not for nothing that she is so often compared with Lizaveta.

Sonya, who in her short life had already endured all imaginable and unimaginable suffering and humiliation, managed to maintain moral purity and unclouded mind and heart. It is not for nothing that Raskolnikov bows to Sonya, saying that he bows to all human grief and suffering. Her image absorbed all the world's injustice, the world's sorrow. Sonechka speaks on behalf of all the “humiliated and insulted.” Just such a girl, with such life story, with such an understanding of the world, was chosen by Dostoevsky to save and purify Raskolnikov.

Raskolnikov confesses to Sonya: “I need you, that’s why I came to you... Didn’t you do the same thing? You also stepped over... were able to step over. You killed yourself, you ruined your life... yours (it’s all the same!), but you can’t stand it and if you’re left alone, you’ll go crazy, just like me. You’re already like crazy; Therefore, we must go together, along the same road! Let's go!”

Her inner spiritual core, which helps to preserve moral beauty, boundless faith in goodness and in God amaze Raskolnikov and make him think for the first time about the moral side of his thoughts and actions.

But along with her saving mission, Sonya is also a “punishment” for the rebel, constantly reminding him with her entire existence of what she has done. “Is it really possible that a person is a louse?!” - these words of Marmeladova planted the first seeds of doubt in Raskolnikov. It was Sonya, who, according to the writer, embodied the Christian ideal of goodness, could withstand and win the confrontation with the anti-human idea of ​​Rodion. She fought with all her heart to save his soul. Even when at first Raskolnikov avoided her in exile, Sonya remained faithful to her duty, her belief in purification through suffering. Faith in God was her only support; it is possible that this image embodied the spiritual quest of Dostoevsky himself.

Thus, in the novel “Crime and Punishment” the author assigns one of the main places to the image of Sonechka Marmeladova, who embodies both world grief and divine, unshakable faith in the power of good. Dostoevsky on behalf of “ eternal Sonechka” preaches the ideas of kindness and compassion, which constitute the unshakable foundations of human existence.

But my personal attitude towards Sonya Marmeladova is somewhat different from the traditional and generally accepted one.

Literary critics Weil and Genis in their article “ Last Judgment“wrote that “Raskolnikov judges himself by looking at his incarnations. Sonya - with all the cruelty of her endless, unreasoning kindness...” That's enough. Sonya's kindness is dead and imaginary, like the holiness of the late Lizaveta. Why did Sofya Semyonovna become a prostitute? Out of pity for your half-brother and sisters? Why then didn’t she go to the monastery, taking them with her, because there they would obviously live better than with an alcoholic father and a mother who beat them? Let's assume that she did not want to leave Marmeladov and his wife to the mercy of fate. But why then give my father money for drinking, because that’s what ruined him? She probably feels sorry for him, he won’t get drunk, he will suffer. It's time to remember the phrase: “Loving everyone means loving no one.” Sonechka sees only her own good deeds, but she doesn’t see, doesn’t want to see, how they manifest themselves on those she helps. She, like Lizaveta, does everything that is asked of her, without understanding why it is, what will come of it. It seems that her kindness does not even come from the soul, it is embedded in her like a microcircuit. Like a robot, Sonya does what is prescribed by the Bible, or what she thinks is prescribed by the Bible - because there is a contradiction between sin and the holiness of Sonya's image.

Raskolnikov Rodion Romanovich - a poor and humiliated student, main character novel "Crime and Punishment". The author of the work is Dostoevsky Fyodor Mikhailovich. To provide a psychological counterbalance to the theory of Rodion Romanovich, the writer created the image of Sonya Marmeladova. Both characters are at a young age. Raskolnikov and Sonya Marmeladova, faced with a difficult life situation, don't know what to do next.

The image of Raskolnikov

At the beginning of the story, the reader notices Raskolnikov’s inappropriate behavior. The hero is nervous all the time, he is constantly anxious, and his behavior seems suspicious. In the course of events, one can understand that Rodion is a man who is obsessed with his idea. All his thoughts are about the fact that people are divided into two types. The first type is the “higher” society, and this is where he also includes his personality. And the second type is “trembling creatures”. He first published this theory in a newspaper article called “On Crime.” From the article it becomes clear that the “higher ones” have the right to ignore moral laws and destroy “trembling creatures” to achieve their personal goals. According to Raskolnikov's description, these poor people need biblical commandments and morals. The new legislators who will govern the gray masses can be considered “higher”; Bonaparte is an example for such legislators. But Raskolnikov himself, on the way to the “highest”, commits actions on a completely different level, without even noticing it.

The life story of Sonya Marmeladova

The reader learns about the heroine from the story of her father, which was addressed to Rodion Romanovich. Semyon Zakharovich Marmeladov is an alcoholic, lives with his wife (Katerina Ivanovna), and has three small children. His wife and children are starving, Sonya is Marmeladov’s daughter from his first wife, she rents an apartment “after Semyon Zakharovich tells Raskolnikov that her daughter went to such a life because of her stepmother, who reproached her for “drinking, eating and using warmth ", that is, a parasite. This is how the Marmeladov family lives. The truth is that she herself is an unrequited girl, does not hold a grudge, “bends every effort” to help her sick stepmother and hungry stepbrothers and sisters, not to mention my own father who is sick with alcoholism. Semyon Zakharovich shares his memories of how he found and lost his job, how he drank away the uniform that his daughter bought with her earned money, and how he has the conscience to ask his daughter for money “for a hangover.” Sonya gave him the last, never reproaching him for it.

The tragedy of the heroine

The fate of Sonya Marmeladova is in many ways similar to the situation of Rodion. They play the same role in society. Rodion Romanovich lives in the attic in a squalid little room. How the author sees this room: the cell is small, about 6 steps, and has a poor appearance. Tall man feels uncomfortable in such a room. Raskolnikov is so poor that it is no longer possible, but to the surprise of the reader he feels well, his spirit has not fallen. The same poverty forced Sonya to go out into the streets in order to earn money. The girl is unhappy. Her fate is cruel to her. But the heroine’s moral spirit is not broken. On the contrary, in seemingly inhuman conditions, Sonya Marmeladova finds the only way out worthy of a person. She chooses the path of religion and self-sacrifice. The author shows us the heroine as a person who is capable of empathizing with the pain and suffering of others, while being unhappy. A girl can not only understand another, but also guide him on the right path, forgive, and accept someone else’s suffering. So, we see how the heroine shows pity for Katerina Ivanovna, calls her “fair, child,” and unhappy. Sonya saves her children, then takes pity on her dying father. This, like other scenes, inspires both sympathy and respect for the girl. And it is not at all surprising that Rodion would then share his mental anguish with Sophia.

Raskolnikov and Sonya Marmeladova

Rodion decided to tell his secret to Sophia, but not to Porfiry Petrovich. She, in his opinion, was, like no one else, capable of judging him according to her conscience. Moreover, her opinion will differ significantly from Porfiry’s court. Raskolnikov, despite his crime, longed for human understanding, love, and sensitivity. He wanted to see that one" high society", who is able to bring him out of darkness and support him. Raskolnikov's hopes for understanding from Sophia were justified. Rodion Romanovich cannot make contact with people. It begins to seem to him that everyone is mocking him and knows that it was he who did it. The exact opposite His vision is true to Sonya Marmeladova. The girl stands for humanity, philanthropy, and forgiveness. Having learned about his crime, she does not reject him, but, on the contrary, hugs, kisses and says in unconsciousness that “there is no one more merciless in the world now.”

Real life

Despite all this, periodically Rodion Romanovich returns to earth and notices everything that is happening in real world. On one of these days, he witnesses a drunken official Semyon Marmeladov being run over by a horse. During his last words, the author describes Sofya Semyonovna for the first time. Sonya was short, she was about eighteen. The girl was thin, but pretty, blonde, with attractive blue eyes. Sonya comes to the scene of the accident. on her lap. She sends her younger sister to find out where Raskolnikov lives in order to return him the money he gave for his father's funeral. After a while, Sophia goes to Rodion Romanovich to invite him to the wake. This is how she shows her gratitude to him.

Father's wake

At the event, a scandal arises due to the fact that Sonya is accused of theft. Everything was resolved peacefully, but Katerina Ivanovna and her children were evicted from the apartment. Now everyone is doomed to death. Raskolnikov is trying to find out from Sophia, if it were her will, if she could kill Luzhin, the man who unfairly slandered her, saying that she was a thief. Sophia gave a philosophical answer to this question. Rodion Romanovich finds something familiar in Sonya, probably the fact that they were both rejected.

He tries to see understanding in her, because his theory is wrong. Now Rodion is ready for self-destruction, and Sonya is “a daughter who was evil and consumptive to her stepmother, who betrayed herself to strangers and minors.” Sofya Semyonovna relies on her moral guideline, which is important and clear for her - this is wisdom, which is described in the Bible as cleansing suffering. Raskolnikov, of course, shared with Marmeladova a story about his action, listening to him, she did not turn away from him. Here the truth of Sonya Marmeladova is in the manifestation of feelings of pity and sympathy for Rodion. The heroine convinced him to go and repent of what he had done, based on the parable that she studied in the Bible about the resurrection of Lazarus. Sonya agrees to share the hard everyday life of hard labor with Rodion Romanovich. This is not only how Sonya Marmeladova’s mercy is manifested. She does this in order to cleanse herself, because she believes that she is violating the biblical commandments.

What unites Sophia and Rodion

How can you characterize Marmeladova and Raskolnikov at the same time? For example, the convicts who serve time in the same cell with Rodion Romanovich adore Sonya, who regularly visits him, but treat him with contempt. They want to kill Raskolnikov and constantly make fun of him that it is not the king’s business to “carry an ax in his bosom.” Sofya Semyonovna has had her own ideas about people since childhood and adheres to them throughout her life. She never looks down on people and has respect and regret for them.

Conclusion

I would like to draw a conclusion based on the mutual relationships of the main characters in the novel. What was the significance of Sonya Marmeladova’s truth? If Sofya Semyonovna had not appeared on the path of Rodion Romanovich with her life values ​​and ideals, then he would have ended very soon in the painful agony of self-destruction. This is the truth of Sonya Marmeladova. Due to such a plot in the middle of the novel, the author has the opportunity to logically complete the images of the main characters. Two different views and two analyzes of the same situation give the novel credibility. The truth of Sonya Marmeladova is contrasted with the theory of Rodion and his worldview. The famous Russian writer was able to breathe life into the main characters and safely resolve all the worst things that happened in their lives. Such completeness of the novel puts “Crime and Punishment” next to the greatest works that are on the list of world literature. Every schoolchild, every student should read this novel.