Both have a different nature, and with different eyes
they are looking at the same thing.
N. Gogol. Taras Bulba
The story by N.V. Gogol reflects the national liberation struggle of the Zaporozhye Cossacks against the Polish gentry, who oppressed Ukrainian culture and tried to instill their own traditions, customs, and faith. The Zaporozhye Sich also served as a barrier against the raids of Turkish invaders, who sometimes brought no less misfortunes than the Poles.
The main characters of the story are the old Zaporozhye Cossack Taras Bulba and his sons Ostap and Andriy, who have just returned home from Bursa. Taras Bulba’s entire life was devoted to the fight against foreign invaders, and he hoped that his sons would become his first assistants in this matter.
At first, the sons who returned home look like “recently graduated seminarians.” Gogol writes about them as “two stalwarts” with strong, healthy faces. The brothers are embarrassed by their father’s ironic reception, and Ostap, unable to bear the ridicule, invites Taras Bulba to “beat” him. “He will be a good Cossack!” - this is how the old Cossack evaluates the behavior of his eldest son upon meeting. The youngest, Andria, “more than twenty years old and exactly a fathom tall,” is called “baby boy” by his father for his silent embarrassment.
However, Andriy is not a coward. When talking with the Cossacks, with whom the proud father introduces his sons, Andriy passionately says: “Just let someone catch on now. Just let some Tatar turn up now, she will know what kind of thing a Cossack saber is!” Ostap, along with his willingness to not let offenders get away with it, also displays such qualities as attentiveness, observation, a sharp mind, and composure.
Even while studying at the bursa, the sons of Taras Bulba were distinguished by their dissimilar characters. The eldest, Ostap, was stubborn from childhood and was famous for his persistence in achieving goals. At first he didn't want to study. Several times he ran away from the school and hid the books until his father threatened him that Ostap “won’t see Zaporozhye forever if you don’t study all the sciences at the academy.” From then on, Ostap began studying with “extraordinary diligence” and soon became one of the best students. Like him nice father Ostap, above all, valued the feeling of camaraderie, was honest and “straightforward with equals.” Self-possessed and purposeful, Ostap was “stern towards motives other than war and riotous revelry.”
Taras’s youngest son, Andriy, studied “more willingly and without stress.” Feelings and emotions, which were much more developed in him than in his older brother, often led him into rather dangerous enterprises. He was evasive and resourceful, especially when it came to avoiding punishment, Andriy was gentle-faced, young, handsome, and the need for love awoke early in his heart. It was at this time that he saw and fell in love with a young Polish girl who played in his later life not the least important role.
The old Cossack Taras Bulba believed that best school for his sons - Zaporozhye Sich, only there you can learn something worthwhile, gain intelligence. Without allowing his sons to rest from the road and be with their mother, Taras Bulba takes Ostap and Andriy to the Cossack freemen.
In the Zaporozhye Sich, young Cossacks showed themselves with the best side. They stood out for their “outright prowess and luck in everything.” The old Cossacks spoke approvingly of the new arrivals, but their full natures were revealed only during the battle, because even there both were “one of the first.”
It seemed that Ostap “was destined for the path of battle and the difficult knowledge of carrying out military affairs.” Composure and composure, the ability to prudently weigh danger and quickly and accurately find correct solution, perseverance and self-confidence helped to see in him the inclinations of the future leader. Gogol compares Ostap to a lion, and Taras Bulba proudly says: “Oh! Yes, this will be the good colonel in time!”
Soon, during the battle, the Cossacks decide to appoint Ostap as chieftain instead of the killed one: “It’s true that he is the youngest of all of us, but he has the mind of an old man.” Ostap justified their trust, and with determination, strength and courage won even greater love and respect for himself.
Ostap fought like a lion in the last battle, when many Cossack elders and atamans were killed. The eldest son of Taras fought bravely before our eyes own father, heroic strength was in him. However, the numerical superiority was on the side of the Poles, and they managed to capture Ostap by hook or by crook.
Heroically, with unprecedented courage, “like a giant,” Ostap endures the torment and torture to which the Poles subjected him. “Neither a scream nor a groan was heard” from Ostap’s lips during the torment he endured. Ostap - a real Cossack, a worthy Cossack, the son of his father Taras Bulba - before his death he wanted neither pity, nor sobs and contrition for himself. He needed the reasonable word of a firm husband, and his father was nearby, supporting him with his presence, despite the mortal danger. Ostap knew how to fight like a lion, and died like a hero.
What about Andriy? Taras Bulba also praised his youngest son during the first battle: “a good warrior.” Andriy in battle is not characterized by either composure or patience - he is entirely at the mercy of feelings. Passion and unbridled impulse guide his actions and lead him along. He is brave because he does not give himself either the time or the opportunity to assess the danger. It is no coincidence that Gogol says that “he rushes like a drunken man,” because in the battle Andriy saw for himself “mad bliss and rapture.” The battle for him is only “the charming music of bullets and swords”; he does not remember why the battle is being fought, what the Cossacks want to achieve. The whole essence of Andriy's impatient and ardent character was revealed in his demeanor during the battle.
Between battles, Andriy is bored and feels “some kind of stuffiness in his heart.” And just at this time, a captive Tatar woman, a servant of a Polish lady, sneaks into the Cossack camp to ask Andriy for bread for her mistress. Without hesitation, Andriy rushes to the aid of his enemies. And here he is at the mercy of his emotions. He steals Cossack bread and takes it to the Poles in the besieged city. Andriy - no evil person, compassion is not alien to him. In a foreign city, he gives a loaf of bread to the hungry, but again, he does this under the influence of an impulse. Having met the lady, he without hesitation renounces his father, comrades and homeland. For the sake of the lady, he is ready for treason and betrayal: “Everything I have, I will sell, give away, destroy...” These words destroyed Andriy as a person, as a Cossack, as a defender of the fatherland. Even old father“he will curse both the day and the hour in which he gave birth to such a son to his shame.” Without doubt or torment of conscience, Andriy builds his personal happiness on the misfortune of his family, friends, and homeland. Material from the site
Fate decreed that the traitorous son and the valiant Cossack Taras Bulba be brought together on the battlefield. Andriy led a detachment of cavalry against the Cossacks. “How?.. Your own?.. You beat your own, damn son?..” Taras could not stand it. The son's behavior was contrary to life principles and the moral attitudes of the old Cossack. There is no more son for him and, having lured Andriy into a trap, Taras kills him.
When Andriy saw his father before his death, he “shaked all over and suddenly became pale...”. Like a schoolboy, the son stood in front of Taras, “his eyes fixed on the ground.” At the sight of his “terrible” father, he is subdued, like a child, because he realizes his guilt, his betrayal. However, until his death the traitor did not repent of his actions. He dies with the name of the Polish woman on his lips.
With a feeling of bitterness and sadness, Taras Bulba stands over his murdered son. “What would a Cossack not be?” - he thinks, looking at his native courageous and Beautiful face. Describes it very poetically Gogol of the Dead Andria, but the pro-Porozhets father standing next to us does not let us forget that in front of us is a traitor.
How similar were the sons of Taras Bulba - fearless, courageous, eager to fight. And how different they were from one another - Ostap and Andriy. One is an uncompromising defender of the fatherland and a faithful comrade, the second is a traitor. For some it is a heroic death, for others it is a shameful death. Almost like in real life.
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On this page there is material on the following topics:
- verbal portrait of Ostap and Andriy
- how Ostap and Andriy showed themselves in the Zaporozhye Sich
- meeting of the sons of Ostap and Andriy
- How did the Cossacks Ostap and Andriy fight and die?
- Characteristics of Ostap and Andriy. how to start
- Introduction: Are Ostap and Andriy enemies?
- Comparison of Ostap and Andria
- Differences in the characters of the brothers
- Why are Ostap and Andriy enemies?
- Conclusion (statement of the main thesis)
Essay on the topic “Comparative characteristics of Ostap and Andriy”
(the meaning of contrasting and comparing images)
The historical story “Taras Bulba” is a difficult work, but it can be read in one sitting. Why? I think the reason lies in the nature of the conflict. The bloody feud between two related peoples is illustrated by the example of the enmity of two brothers. The tragedy of the story is that people who grew up and studied together and belonged to the same family became enemies as a result of discord. However, despite their relationship, we see another circumstance: they show that the brothers were very different from each other, just as two peoples who clashed in battle were different. Maybe their confrontation is inevitable, and Ostap and Andriy are enemies from the very beginning?
The comparison between Ostap and Andriy should begin from the moment they returned to native home. When their father began to provoke them to measure their strength, Ostap immediately accepted the rules of the game and stood up for his supposedly injured honor. The hero clearly takes after his father, because he has the same hot temperament of a born warrior, for whom fighting is pleasure, profession and life. Andriy, on the contrary, did not agree to fight on the threshold of the house that he missed so much. He is as gentle, affectionate and soft as his mother. But this does not mean that the hero is not capable of feats. He can fight, and quite well, but he is forced to do so. The younger Bulba is a defender, but not an attacker.
Because of this difference in character, the brothers do not understand each other. When Andriy leaves for a beautiful Polish woman, Ostap regards this act as betrayal. He cannot comprehend how important family is for such a kind and sensitive Andriy. The hero cares about creation, not destruction, even for the sake of revenge. The older brother has different ideals. Most of all he values military honor and the homeland given to him by his father and mother. But for the younger brother, his homeland is where his heart is, and his heart is with the Polish woman. That is, the heroes understand their homeland and life differently, so they fight on different sides.
Both heroes, like two peoples, are at war because of faith. “The Lyakhovs” might have been accepted, but they are Catholics, which means they live incorrectly. However, how do these people understand what Christianity teaches? No, since they fight and torture each other. I think, of all the heroes, Andriy is closer to understanding. He gives up war for love, and goes out to kill just to protect his family. Ostap and Taras did not save their family, so all they can do is take revenge. Their motives in the decisive battle are different, as is their behavior. Andriy turns his cheek, allowing his father to kill himself, sacrificing himself. But his relatives fight to the last drop of blood, not understanding that all Christians are brothers, and any war between them is fratricidal. Ostap is a symbol of those age-old misconceptions and prejudices that are passed down from father to son. Andriy is a symbol prodigal son, who, nevertheless, is capable of changing something in the world, because he prefers to seek the truth himself.
Thus, we can summarize: Andriy and Ostap are enemies, they are completely different people who would be at odds with each other anyway. The same can be said about the peoples they represented in the fight. Although they are relatives, they are united only by military courage, but the entire Bulba family was famous for it.
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Synonyms (compare, contrast).
- Compare their understanding of the term with the interpretation of the concept from “ Explanatory dictionary» S.I.Ozhegov and Dictionary of Literary Terms
- Define the role hero comparisons
(this is the way deeper comprehension of the author's intention and understanding of the work of art)
- Analyze the stages of constructing a comparative characteristic
Introduction - defining the problem to be worked on.
The main part is a parallel comparison of the actions and actions of the heroes in similar situations or according to the same characteristics (the similarities and differences of the heroes). Conclusion - a conclusion based on the analysis (research) of the characters’ characters.
- Introductory reading of the memo when constructing a comparative characteristic
- You should remember that you need to demonstrate not only the ability to reflect, think and reason. You still need to explain and convince.
- An argumentative essay has a clear structure (thesis - evidence - conclusion), and it must be strictly adhered to.
- You need to make a plan for your essay.
- Remember to logically separate the parts of your essay.
- To avoid repetition, use synonyms.
- We should not forget that there are several ways to present arguments. The use of quotations and the indication of sentence numbering should be used in the essay.
- Typically, a comparative essay is an essay-reasoning based on a comparison of two characters of a particular work of art
Now let's take a closer look at how to write an argumentative essay correctly.
Parts of an essay
Put forward a thesisa complete refutation or proof of which will be discussed in detail in the main part of our text.
Introduction you should start with some introductory word. However, it is not necessary to use introductory words. The introduction can consist of three sentences. It is also important to end the introduction correctly. The last sentence needs to end the first part and begin the main one. For example, the phrases: “let's talk about this” or “let's figure it out” are an excellent logical conclusion to the introduction.
Now let's move on to writing main part. It needs to prove the thesis that we put forward in the introduction. You need to give two pieces of evidence and limit yourself to that amount. Arguments must be weighty and based on a given topic. It is necessary to format fragments from the text very competently. You can use quotations if they are large enough to do so. As in the case of direct speech, we place punctuation marks in the same way using quotation marks. If the quotation is impressive, then you can take a passage from the cited source, enclose it in quotation marks and put an ellipsis before and after it. An ellipsis means that the passage begins and ends in the middle of the sentence. If the passage you have chosen has a punctuation mark at the end, then also put it in the quotation without an ellipsis, but in quotation marks.
The third part is conclusion. Often your assessment depends on the ending. It is she who can ruin the entire essay, or, conversely, correct some inaccuracies. Like the introduction, the final part should not exceed the volume of the main part. To end, just use a few sentences. In this part of the essay, it is highly advisable to use those same introductory words. Purpose final partis to summarize the main partand putting together the arguments made so far together. There should be no questions at the conclusion. You just need to confirm the arguments that you presented in the main part.
Essay plan
- First we write the introduction.
- Next, let's pose the problem.
- We are writing a comment on this problem.
- We describe the author's position.
- We express our position.
- We present arguments based on the text.
- We are writing a conclusion.
2. Fixing the material.
1. Comparison of Ostap and Andriy (in the table)
1. What do the heroes have in common?
- Students identify 4 similarities
(both came from the family of a Zaporizhian Cossack, both received the same upbringing in the Bursa, both were fond of military life and the customs of the Zaporizhian Sich, both were young, distinguished by courage and dexterity).
2. How do they differ from each other?
1.Appearance
Ostap is stern in appearance and courageous. – Andriy is more gentle and beautiful.
2.Attitude towards studying
Ostap was capable of learning, but had no desire to learn. – Andriy studied willingly and without stress.
3. Manifestation of character
Ostap was smart, honest, straightforward, did not know how to be cunning, and never let his comrades down. – Andriy was more inventive, cunning, and knew how to evade punishment.
3. Behavior in battle
Ostap is cool and reasonable. During the battle, he weighs the enemy’s position and quickly figures out how to repel the enemy. – Andriy is a hot-tempered, unbalanced person. He does not set a specific goal for himself, but acts as he is told by a feeling that prevails over his reason.
4. Attitude to the Fatherland
Ostap was distinguished by his ardent love for his homeland and was ready to give his life for it. – Andriy betrayed his homeland. His love for a Polish woman became dearer to him than his homeland.
5. Endurance, will
Ostap, a man of strong will and great endurance, courageously endures inhuman torment and torture. – Andriy is a weak-willed person, he does not fight his feelings, but succumbs to the influence of the Polish woman and his enemies.
- The author's attitude towards his characters
N.V. Gogol condemns Andriy for treason. The hero dies, in his words, “ingloriously, like a vile dog” (p. 199).
Ostap evokes the author's deep sympathy and love. The writer portrays him as epic hero, the defender of the homeland, compares him to a lion, says that “the path of battle and the difficult knowledge to carry out military affairs were written in his family.” Like Taras Bulba, Ostap embodies the best traits of a Russian man, ready to die for his homeland.
(at the same time, they select material for selective quoting (phrases, sentences) and enter it into the table)
2. Collective drafting of the introduction.
A unique reflection of the life of the Cossacks of Zaporozhye at the end of the 16th and in the first half of the 17th century is N.V. Gogol’s story “Taras Bulba”. It resolves not only historical, but also deeply moral questions: about the duties of a Cossack to his homeland, comrades, questions of duty, honor.
In solving these problems, the role of the two heroes of the story - Ostap and Andria - is especially important. By presenting them time after time with a serious choice, the author affirms the idea that the road of honor is the road of fidelity to duty to the homeland, the road of honor and deep patriotism (the idea of the essay).
Having finished reading Gogol’s book “Taras Bulba,” I regretfully put it aside. I liked her very much. I read it in one sitting in one evening. Then, before writing the essay, I re-read it again. This book is not easy and it is difficult to give preference to any of the heroes. Most of all I was interested in Ostap and Andriy. They seem to be brothers, but what different views on life, what different characters.
Gogol - brilliant writer. He can describe the appearance in short strokes so that you can immediately imagine in reality what the person looked like. “Ostap and Andriy just got off their horses. These were two strapping young men, still looking from under their brows, like recently graduated seminarians. Their strong, healthy faces were covered with the first fluff of hair that had not yet been touched by a razor.”
The sons of Taras Bulba graduated from the Kyiv Bursa and came home. The brothers were young and handsome. Due to the difference in their characters and in the bursa they were different from each other.
Ostap found knowledge more difficult in the bursa. Yes, he did not want to study and buried his primer in the ground four times. Only under the threat of his father did he remain in the bursa. Having been guilty, Ostap himself lay down on the floor under the rods and did not ask for mercy. He was a faithful comrade, and the students unanimously loved him.
Andriy, on the contrary, tried to get out of the flogging as best he could. He studied willingly, without stress, but just like Ostap, he dreamed of exploits and battles.
Both brothers were very happy to learn that they would go with their father to the Zaporozhye Sich. Along the way, everyone had their own thoughts. Ostap thought about battles, he passionately dreamed of military exploits, he wanted to be in no way inferior to his father, famous in battles. “He was stern towards motives other than war and riotous revelry, at least he almost never thought about anything else.”
“His younger brother, Andriy, had feelings that were somewhat more lively and somehow more developed.” He remembered his meeting with a Polish woman in Kyiv. Andriy fell in love with her and could not forget that sweet moment when she talked and laughed at him.
In the Zaporozhye Sich the brothers were accepted as equals. The Cossacks quickly appreciated their strength, courage, dexterity, bravery in battle, and cheerful disposition at feasts. But even here the brothers behaved differently. Ostap was brave in battle, but at the same time cautious. He knew how to find a way out of a difficult situation, and with benefit for him.
theirs. Even the picky Taras Bulba said: “Oh, this one will eventually be a good colonel! Hey, he’ll be a good colonel, and one who can put Dad in his belt!”
Andriy flew into battle without feeling anything. He was intoxicated by the whistle of bullets, the shine of sabers, the ringing of weapons. He rushed with insane courage, and where the old Cossack could not have won, he emerged victorious. And about youngest son Taras said: “And this is a good warrior, the enemy would not take him; not Ostap, but a good, kind warrior.”
But unfortunately, Andria, the Polish girl he fell in love with in Kyiv, ended up in a city besieged by the Cossacks. At night, having made his way into the city, Andriy met her. He swore his love to her and said: “I have no one! Nobody, nobody! My fatherland is you... And I will sell, give away, and destroy everything that I have for such a fatherland...”
Taras was terribly angry when he saw his son in front of the Polish regiment. It was a shame for him, and for Ostap, for the entire Cossack army. From that moment on, old Taras could no longer think about anything and only demanded that the Cossacks lure Andriy into the forest.
But Ostap was completely faithful to his homeland, to his duty. Even in captivity, when the Poles subjected him to terrible torture, he did not say a word. Neither a scream nor a groan escaped from his tormented chest. He died as a faithful son of his Motherland.
* It’s hard not to admire Ostap’s courage, courage and perseverance. But Andriy’s all-consuming love also cannot be ignored. One must have no less courage to agree to leave everything for the sake of love: home, family, friends, fatherland. I can't say who I like better, which one I would choose positive hero. I think that in each specific case the heart itself tells you what to do. And from their point of view, both Ostap and Andriy are right in their actions. This is what real men do; they die either for their Motherland or for the woman they love.
The heroes of the work “Taras Bulba” are Ostap and Andriy. They are blood brothers, grew up together, received the same upbringing, but have completely opposite characters. The mother was mainly involved in raising the boys, since the father did not have time.
Taras Bulba, being constantly at war, understood that his sons needed education. He had enough funds, so he sent them to study in Bursa.
Ostap- a wonderful warrior, a devoted comrade, strived to be like his father in everything. By nature, he is kind, sincere, but at the same time serious, firm, and courageous. Ostap observes and honors the traditions of the Zaporozhye Sich. He is convinced that his duty is to protect the Motherland. Ostap is responsible, respects the opinions of the Cossacks, but never accepts the views of foreigners. He divides people into enemies and friends. I'm taking a risk own life, Ostap is ready to help his friend. It was difficult for Ostap to study; he repeatedly ran away from the bursa. I even buried my primer. But after his father's severe punishments, he continues to study excellently.
Andriy- completely different, not like his brother. Andriy has a well-developed sense of beauty and refinement. He is softer, more flexible, sensitive, has delicate taste. But, despite this, he shows courage in battle and another important quality inherent in Andriy - freedom of choice. Studying was easy for Andriy. Even if something went wrong, he always got out of the situation and avoided punishment.
After graduating from the seminary, the brothers and their father went to the Zaporozhye Sich. The Cossacks accepted them as equals. In battle, Andriy showed himself to be fearless, completely immersed in the battle. He enjoyed the fight, the whistle of bullets, the smell of gunpowder. Ostap was cold-blooded, but reasonable. In battle he fought like a lion. Taras Bulba was proud of his sons.
The siege of the city of Dubno changed the lives of the heroes once and for all. Andriy went over to the enemy side. The fact is that the Pole turned the Cossack’s head. Andriy gave up everything he had: parents, brother, friends. He was soft and sensitive, so he strove for beauty.
The meaning of Ostap’s life was his parents, Motherland, and comrades. He will not exchange them for any valuables. That's why he was elected chieftain. Ostap became his father’s pride, but Andiy became a traitor. Ostap fought to the end with the foreigners, but the forces were unequal, the hero is captured.
Ostap and Andriy died a cruel death. Ostap was executed by his enemies. His death is the death of a hero. Not the slightest cry or groan escaped his lips. He endured all the trials and torments that fate had in store for him. A sense of patriotism and love for friends helped him. He made all his father's wishes and hopes come true. Andria was killed by his own father for betrayal. Taras Bulba took the death of people close to him hard, his dear sons. The death of Ostap - a true warrior, loyal to his father and people, and the death of Andriy - a traitor and traitor.
Two brothers who had identical upbringings had different worldviews, values, and outlooks on life.
Comparative characteristics of Andriy Ostap in the story Taras Bulba
Cossacks are a widespread movement that includes camaraderie, support of friends, protection and loyalty to their native Ukraine. As a rule, the Cossacks did not disobey the orders of their elders and followed the path that their parents passed on to them, but there were exceptions.
So Gogol in his work “Taras Bulba” depicted two brothers who were brought up the same way, in equal conditions, but in the end they were faced with different fate. Andriy grew up affectionate and had a good relationship with his mother, and his brother Ostap took after his father - he did not tolerate a woman’s business. Already at school, the difference in character was noticeable: Ostap did not like to study, but Andriy worked hard. Ostap famously fought with his fists and could beat anyone who went against him, his parents or his homeland. So, when he met his father, he started a fight - he wasn’t afraid. Then they both are tested in battle, Ostap immediately acted clearly according to plan, and his brother completely surrendered to emotions, but was also a brave warrior.
Gogol shows in his story how Andriy falls in love with a girl who professes a completely different faith and is considered his enemy. He brings her bread while everyone is sleeping so that she does not die of hunger, and stays with her, thereby abandoning his relatives and his home country. Ostap bravely dies in captivity of enemies. Andria is killed by his father for treason.
From the very beginning it is clear that the brothers are completely different in character, and then in their actions. They have one thing in common - courage. Andriy’s courage manifests itself in hidden help to the girl he loves, while Ostap shows courage in battle and in attacking the enemy. Their differences are that they have different opinions about honor and love, and therefore each has their own death. Ostap decided to follow in his father’s footsteps, adhering to old nomes and customs, Andria was led by feelings to which he succumbed.
There is no doubt that each hero had his own positive and negative qualities like every person
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