Many people don’t even understand why illustrations are needed if the book is not intended for a child. By the way, a book illustration is not just a thematic drawing, but an integral component of the work, which complements the text and makes it a little more accessible to the reader. Of course, modern illustrations are very fundamentally different from classical book engravings, however, among them you can find not just worthy works, but real masterpieces. In addition, at one time, the creation of illustrations was carried out by great painters, for whom painting canvases with literary basis it was akin to an experiment.
Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin was one of the first Russian painters who began creating illustrations for Russian folk tales and epics. The first book with his illustrations was published when to a young artist turned 25 years old. As a rule, Bilibin worked on books of small volume or so-called “notebooks.” Characteristic feature The artist had a design style according to which both text and illustrations formed a single whole. Therefore, in the books designed by Bilibin, the drawings were given exactly the same amount of space as the text. All of Bilibin’s illustrations, which had a fabulously festive character with features folk art, were created using unique technology. The artist first made a drawing with a pencil on tracing paper, transferred it to a sheet of Whatman paper and, using a thin brush, outlined the image with a black line, after which he began coloring. Among the most famous works Bilibin illustrations for the fairy tales “Sister Alyonushka and Brother Ivanushka”, “Vasilisa the Beautiful”, “Finist the Clear Falcon”, “The Frog Princess”, as well as for the works of A.S. Pushkin “Lukomorye”, “The Tale of Tsar Saltan.. .” and “The Tale of the Golden Cockerel.”
One more an outstanding artist, and also a talented illustrator was Yuri Alekseevich Vasnetsov, the creator of a whole gallery of images for children's books. Vasnetsov spent his entire childhood and youth in the city of Vyatka, which became his inspiration and prompted him to create a number of illustrations reflecting the everyday and festive life of a small provincial town. Vasnetsov’s style is very recognizable: it always contains bright colors, ornate patterns, backgrounds and images containing pink, blue, yellow and red colors. Color plays a key role in Vasnetsov’s illustrations. One more characteristic feature drawings by Yu.A. Vasnetsov is that the artist creates amazing fairy world– the world of childhood, where there is no cruelty and where good always triumphs over evil. His most famous works are illustrations for the children's books “The Fox and the Hare”, “The Three Bears”, “The Wolf and the Little Goats”, “Ruff the Kids”, “Fifty Little Pigs” and so on.
Book illustrations by Russian artists are unique in their kind, truly beautiful, bright, kind and very sincere. They differ rich color, interesting images and ease of perception. Therefore, it is not surprising that Russian people are considered the most read nation in the world.
1.3 Famous illustrators
Illustration is not just an addition to the text, but piece of art of its time. Children's book illustration serves many purposes. It embodies fantasies, revives memories, helps to participate in adventures, develops the mind, heart and soul of a child. Great responsibility in this noble cause falls on the shoulders of the illustrator. I would like to recall famous domestic and foreign illustrators who have made a significant contribution to the art of children's book illustration.
The illustrator of Russian fairy tales was wonderful artist Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin (1876-1942). He gained fame as one of the most original and original masters graphics, creator of a special type of illustrated book. This is a large-format thin notebook book, equipped with large color drawings. The artist here was not only the author of the drawings, but also of all the decorative elements of the book - the cover, initials, special type font and ornamental decorations. In 1901-1903, Bilibin created illustrations for the fairy tales “The Frog Princess”, “Vasilisa the Beautiful”, “Marya Morevna”, “White Duck”, etc. His works for the fairy tales of A. S. Pushkin “The Tale of Tsar Saltan” are known. , "The Tale of the Golden Cockerel", "The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish". One of the features of Bilibin’s illustrations is humor and that merciless and sharp irony that is so characteristic of Russians folk tales. Bilibin is enthusiastically working on sketches for the first production of Rimsky-Korsakov's The Golden Cockerel. Fairy-tale heroes- good and evil, beautiful and ugly - worried us since childhood, taught us to love goodness and beauty, to hate evil, cowardice, injustice.
Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov (1848-1926) is one of the first Russian artists who pushed the boundaries of conventional genres and showed a fairy-tale world, illuminated by the poetic fantasy of the people. Vasnetsov was one of the first Russian artists to turn to recreating images of folk tales and epics in painting. His fate developed as if he was destined in advance to be the singer of a Russian fairy tale. He spent his childhood in the harsh, picturesque Vyatka region. A talkative cook who tells fairy tales to children, the stories of wandering people who have seen a lot in their lifetime, according to the artist himself, “made me fall in love with the past and present of my people for the rest of my life, and in many ways determined my path.” Already at the beginning of his work, he created a number of illustrations for the Little Humpbacked Horse and “The Firebird”. In addition to fairy tales, he has works dedicated to the heroic images of epics. "The Knight at the Crossroads", "Three Heroes". The famous painting "Ivan Tsarevich on gray wolf" written on the plot of one of the most famous and widespread fairy tales, reproduced in popular prints of the 18th century.
Yuri Alekseevich Vasnetsov (1900-1973) - illustrated and designed Russian folk tales, songs, nursery rhymes, as well as books by famous children's authors: V. Bianki, K. Chukovsky, S. Marshak, etc. He is rightly called the artist of Russian fairy tales. “Three Bears”, “The Little Humpbacked Horse”, “Teremok” and many others. Fantastic, fabulous landscapes are based on impressions of real Russian nature. The artist's birds and animals acquire habits that he noticed in reality. In addition to domestic masters, there are wonderful foreign artists who have created many amazing and beautiful illustrations fairy tales
Moritz von Schwyz (1804-1871) famous German painter and illustrator. He created so-called “monumental illustrations” based on fairy tales. These are large artistic canvases that can be seen in the halls of the Alte Pinakothek in Munich. Eleven watercolors by Schwyts are widely known, these are the cycles “Cinderella”, “Seven Ravens and the Faithful Sister”, “Beautiful Melusine”. He created the famous, repeatedly reproduced graphic sheets for the fairy tales “The Seven Swabians”, “Puss in Boots”, for the collection “Old and New Children's Songs, Riddles and Fables”, “Fables” by La Fontaine. His illustrations for the fairy tale “The Juniper,” the legend of Rübetzal and the good-natured patriarchal “The Story of the Beautiful Mermaid” by E. Mörike are unusually emotionally expressive.
The graphic style of the famous French artist and sculptor Gustave Doré (1833-1883), combining lightness of stroke with a tense line, and the ability to enrich the essence of an illustrated work with countless original finds, found an enthusiastic response from the French public. Doré is one of the most famous and prolific illustrators of the second half of the 19th century. His book illustrations brought him real fame. literary works: "Illustrated Rabelais" (1854), "Don Quixote" by Cervantes (1862), " The Divine Comedy"Dante (1861-1868), as well as illustrations for Balzac and Milton. Doré's illustrations for the fairy tales of Charles Perrault are considered classic.
Jon Bauer (1882-1917) became widely known for his illustrations for the book Among Dwarves and Trolls (Swedish: Bland tomtar och troll), published annually in Sweden at Christmas. It was he who created the tradition in the image fairy forest and those who inhabit it magical characters. Bauer specialized in illustrations of Scandinavian legends.
The whole gallery fairy tale images humanized animals were created by Granville (his real name is Gerard Jean-Ignace Isidore) (1803-1847) - French artist, graphic artist, cartoonist and illustrator. He had a great influence on the formation of the style of children's picture books. He illustrated the fables of La Fontaine (1837), "The Adventures of Gulliver" by J. Swift (1839-1843).
At the turn of the century, new talented authors appeared in Great Britain. At the beginning of the twentieth century, some of the best books F.Kh., who spoke earlier Burnett, E. Nesbit and R. Kipling. Outstanding poet and the prose writer Joseph Rudyard Kipling stands apart in English literature this period. He is a combination of a deeply conservative worldview and a bright, original talent. Good humor and rich imagination triumph in his fairy tales for children. Kipling made illustrations for some fairy tales as an artist.
Kate Greenaway (1846-1901) was an English artist who became famous for her illustrations of books for children, including fairy tales. Greenaway's first book, Under the Window, was a great success. One of the artist’s most famous works were illustrations for “Tales of Mother Goose” and the legend of the Pied Piper of Hamelin.
A significant mark in the history of children's illustration was left by Disney, Jonaitis, Kittelsen, Tuvi Janson (illustrated own fairy tales about the Mummy Trolls), O. Balovintseva, who became widely famous thanks to her wonderful illustrations for Arabian tales.
Chapter II. Computer graphics in book illustration
Wrote to Goethe. These problems are only indirectly related to our work. However, some connections can be traced here too. The goal of our work is automation and testing of psychodiagnostic techniques in career guidance work with older students. Literally translated, the word ecology means the science that studies home and home. In other words, a certain habitat. In our case, considering...
Class 9 A was chosen as the experimental site. There are 29 people in this class: 17 boys and 12 girls. The purpose of the experiment: to identify the psychological and pedagogical conditions for students’ professional self-determination in the process of teaching biology; as well as the formation of sustainable positive motivation for studying the biology course and the development of professional self-determination of students when studying the course “General...
One of the means of reflecting reality is oral folk art. Each nation has its own unique spiritual personality, arising from the instinctive-spiritual originality of perception of the surrounding world. “The spiritual identity of the people is manifested in language, songs, poetry, prayer, and fairy tales.”
The fairy tale, as the most valuable type of folk art, combines mythical, adventure, and everyday storytelling.
Fairy tales are divided into tales about animals, magic and everyday life.Most ancient look fairy tales that have come down to us - tales about animals. By generalizing typical characters in animal images, people derived morals from the fairy tale, moral example for subsequent generations. This type includes fairy tales “The Wolf and the Fox”, “The Cat and the Fox”, “The Cat, the Rooster and the Fox”, “The Wolf and the Seven Little Goats”, as well as mixed genres of fairy tales, where, along with intelligent animals, people also participate. Best example such interaction is the fairy tale “Turnip” (by the way, note how often a wolf and a fox take part in such fairy tales as bearers of a pronounced character).
Tales about animals remind us of the connection of the primitive race with animals, whose descendants people considered themselves to be. “A person who has retained spiritual purity and kindness towards everything in nature speaks its language, which is why so often in fairy tales animals help the hero, give various objects to search for the truth, even fall in love with animals - and through highest feeling love, an animal turns into a beautiful person.”
Everyday tales (anecdotal and novelistic).
The most recent genre of folklore fairy tales. The anecdotal tale developed from animal tales. What distinguishes it from the actual anecdote is a detailed narrative (not one or two paragraphs) and a more stable storyline. An example is the lesser-known fairy tales about stupid wives, village fools and greedy priests and merchants. (slide 4)
A short story tale is distinguished by the fact that it features a human hero who fights not against evil forces, fate, but most often against injustice social order in the person of its individual representatives (for example, the already mentioned today “The Tale of the Priest and His Worker Balda”). The novelistic fairy tale as a genre has its written sources since about the 17th century, and in subsequent centuries it is usually authored (P. Ershov, A. Pushkin, V. Odoevsky, P. Bazhov, N. Leskov).
Through fairy tale the surrounding world was comprehended: the luminaries, the Milky Way, the stars, the seasons became close and understandable. Remember the heroes’ appeal to the Sun, Mesyats Mesyatsovich, Vetr Vetrovich, to the River - the banks of jelly.
Fairy tales - p perhaps the most interesting and exciting genre of fairy tales. Such a fairy tale can be distinguished by many characteristics:
The hero of these fairy tales is brave, handsome and courageous (however, this is where his characteristics end, he is needed only to reveal the storyline).
Animals act as helpers, and not the main characters of the fairy tale (a gray wolf, a faithful heroic horse, suddenly speaking in a human voice).
- the most important difference between a fairy tale is its characteristic plots. The frog princess, the wise Vasilisa, who has the secret gift of magic, about princes who gain fame and brides in magical adventures, about the three kingdoms - copper, silver and gold, about Finist the clear falcon, about the firebird and many others, undoubtedly, represent are fairy tales.Fairy tales are collectively created and collectively preserved by the people oral artistic epic narratives in prose, which use techniques of implausible depiction of reality, fantastic fiction, the diverse and traditional forms of which, not repeating themselves in any other genre of folklore, have evolved over the centuries, in close connections with the whole way of life folk life, and were in original connection with mythology.
Images of the animal world often personify human vices, weaknesses and shortcomings in fairy tales. Often a person is compared to a beast: “angry like a wolf”, “cunning like a fox”, “stomps like a bear”, “faithful like a dog”.
In Russian folk tales, animals have their own character and habits. The fox goes by a number of nicknames: godfox, little fox-sister, fox-patrikeevna, Lizaveta Ivanovna etc. Wolf - Wolf gray tail, Wolf teeth click.
Based on the studied literature and Russian folk tales, we have identified the main characteristics of animals:
Bear- good-natured, simpleton, strong, clumsy, gourmet, slow-witted, gullible lump, smart.
Wolf– angry, greedy, stupid, simple-minded, gullible, strong.
Rooster- brave, beautiful, warlike.
Hare- cowardly, weak, cunning, boastful, harmless.
Fox- cunning, forged, greedy, pretender, deceiver, thief, elegant, beautiful, fashionista.
Hedgehog- smart, careful, resourceful.
Owl- wise.
Mouse- hardworking, kind.
To illustrate Russian folk tales various artists used their compositional solutions, artistic media and techniques of expressiveness to convey the fabulousness of what is happening.
Let's get acquainted with Ivan Bilibin's illustrations for Russian folk tales
You can recognize Bilibin’s works from a large format thin notebook book with large color drawings. And the artist here is not just the author of the drawings, but also of all the decorative elements of the book - the cover, initials, fonts and ornaments.
Characteristic features of the Bilibin style: the beauty of patterned designs, exquisite decorative color combinations, a combination of bright fabulousness with a sense of folk humor. Bilibin emphasized the plane of the book page with a contour line
Illustrations by Yuri Vasnetsov for Russian folk tales
Style: The artist was inspired by the elegant Dymkovo dolls and bright roosters; the traditions of lubok and folk fantasy had a noticeable influence on the illustrator’s work.
Illustrations by E. M. Rachev for Russian folk tales
What's the use of a book, thought Alice.
– if there are no pictures or conversations in it?
"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland"
Surprisingly, children's illustration in Russia (USSR) has exact year birth - 1925. This year, a children's literature department was created at the Leningrad State Publishing House (GIZ). Before this, books with illustrations had not been published specifically for children. Many artists painted pictures based on oral folk art: epics, fairy tales, songs.
Find out, remember, tell your children.
Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov
(1848-1926) –
one of the first Russian artists who
pushed the boundaries of conventional genres and showed
a fairy-tale world illuminated by poetic fantasy
people.
Vasnetsov is one of the first Russian artists
turned to recreating images of folk tales
and epics in painting.
He spent his childhood in the harsh, picturesque Vyatka region. A talkative cook who tells fairy tales to children, the stories of wandering people who have seen a lot in their lifetime, according to the artist himself, “made me fall in love with the past and present of my people for the rest of my life, and in many ways determined my path.” Already at the beginning of his work, he created a number of illustrations for the Little Humpbacked Horse and “The Firebird.” In addition to fairy tales, he has works dedicated to the heroic images of epics. “The Knight at the Crossroads”, “Three Heroes”. The famous painting “Ivan Tsarevich on the Gray Wolf” was written based on the plot of one of the most famous and widespread fairy tales, reproduced in popular prints of the 18th century.
Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin
(1876-1942, Leningrad)
Russian artist, book illustrator and theater
ral designer. Bilibin illustrated
a large number of fairy tales, including A.S.
Pushkin. Developed his own style - “Bilibinsky”
Graphic representation with respect to tradition
Old Russian and folk art, thoroughly
traced and detailed patterned outline -
drawing, colored with watercolors. Style
Bilibin's style became popular and he began to
imitate.
Fairy tales, epics, images ancient Rus' For many, they have long been inextricably linked with Bilibin’s illustrations.
Vladimir Alekseevich Milashevsky
(1893, Saratov - 1976, Moscow)
He illustrated and designed about 100 books for children and youth. But Milashevsky never belonged to the so-called “children’s” artists. With the same success he illustrated the works of classics of world literature and Soviet writers. It is difficult to list everything he worked on - his creative range is extremely wide.
What is the secret of his success among children and youth? Strictly speaking, there is no secret. He just always followed the rule:Everything needs to be done just as well for children as for adults, and even better.. He never got along with children, didn’t lisp, didn’t imitate children’s drawings, didn’t try to speak to them in some special “childish” language that they supposedly understood. When illustrating a children's book, no matter what it was, he put all of himself into his drawings, was truly carried away by it and captivated young readers. And this is probably why children and young people love the books he illustrates so much.
The fabulous colors of Vladimir Milashevsky
Vladimir Grigorievich Suteev
(1903-1993, Moscow)
Children's writer, illustrator and animator. His kind funny pictures look like scenes from a cartoon. Suteev’s drawings turned many fairy tales into masterpieces.
For example, not all parents consider the works of Korney Chukovsky to be necessary classics, and most of them do not consider his works talented. But I want to hold Chukovsky’s fairy tales, illustrated by Vladimir Suteev, in my hands and read them to children.
Boris Aleksandrovich Dekhterev
(1908-1993, Kaluga, Moscow) –
People's artist, Soviet graphic artist, illustrator. He worked primarily in pencil drawing and watercolor techniques. Old good illustrations Dekhterev is a whole era in the history of children's illustration; many illustrators call Boris Alexandrovich their teacher.
Dekhterev illustrated children's fairy tales by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, Vasily Zhukovsky, Charles Perrault, and Hans Christian Andersen. As well as works of other Russian writers and world classics, for example, Mikhail Lermontov, Ivan Turgenev, William Shakespeare.
Nikolai Alexandrovich Ustinov
(b. 1937, Moscow)
his teacher was Dekhterev, and many modern illustrators already consider Ustinov their teacher.
Fairy tales with his illustrations were published not only in Russia (USSR), but also in Japan, Germany, Korea and other countries. Illustrated almost three hundred works famous artist for children's publishing houses of the USSR, worked in the magazine "Murzilka". Ustinov’s illustrations for Russian folk tales “The Three Bears”, “Masha and the Bear”, “Little Fox Sister”, “The Frog Princess”, “Geese-Swans” and many others remain the most beloved for children.
Yuri Alekseevich Vasnetsov
(1900-1973, Vyatka, Leningrad) –
People's artist and illustrator. His
Pictures for folk songs, amusing
All kids like cams and jokes
(Ladushki, Rainbow-arc). He illustrated
folk tales, tales of Leo Tolstoy,
Petra Ershova, Samuil Marshak, Vitaly
Bianchi and other classics of Russian literature.
“I really like to remember my childhood. When I write, draw, I live everything I remember and saw in childhood,” said Yuri Alekseevich Vasnetsov.
When buying children's books with illustrations by Yuri Vasnetsov, make sure that the pictures are clear and moderately bright. Using the name famous artist, V Lately books are often published with unclear scans of drawings or with increased unnatural brightness and contrast, and this is not very good for children's eyes.