Chichikov is a scoundrel or entrepreneur? and got the best answer
Answer from Natalya[guru]
Chichikov is a character whose life story is given in every detail. From the eleventh chapter we learn that Pavlusha belonged to a poor noble family. The protagonist's father left him an inheritance of half a copper and a covenant to study diligently, please teachers and bosses and, most importantly, save and save a penny. all lofty concepts only hinder the achievement of the cherished goal. That is why Pavlusha makes her way in life through her own efforts, without relying on anyone’s patronage. He builds his well-being at the expense of other people: deception, bribery, embezzlement, fraud at customs - the main character’s tools. No setbacks can break his thirst for profit. And every time he commits unseemly acts, he easily finds an excuse for himself. Each chapter expands our understanding of Chichikov’s capabilities and leads us to think about his amazing variability: with Manilov he is cloyingly amiable, with Korobochka he is petty-insistent and rude, with Nozdryov he is assertive and cowardly, with Sobakevich he bargains insidiously and relentlessly, Plyushkina conquers with his "magnanimity".
In Chichikov’s character there is Manilov’s love for a phrase, for a “noble” gesture, and Korobochka’s petty stinginess, and Nozdryov’s narcissism, and the rough tight-fistedness, cold cynicism of Sobakevich, and Plyushkin’s hoarding. Chichikov is a kind of mirror of each of the landowners listed above, because he has all the qualities that form the basis of their characters. But at the same time, Chichikov differs from his counterparts on the estates; he is a man of new times, a businessman and acquirer, he has all the qualities necessary for this. However, he is also a “dead soul,” because the “brilliant joy” of life is inaccessible to him. Our hero pacifies his blood, which “played strongly,” and gets rid of human feelings almost completely. The idea of success, enterprise, and practicality overshadow all emotional impulses in him. True, Gogol notes that in Chichikov there is no dull automatism of Plyushkin: “He had no attachment to money for the sake of money, he was not possessed by miserliness and stinginess. No, it was not they who moved him - he imagined a life ahead of him with all the pleasures, so that finally later, over time, he would definitely taste all this, that’s why the penny was saved.”
The “selflessness”, patience and strength of character of the protagonist allow him to constantly be reborn and show enormous energy to achieve his goal. Chichikov knows how to adapt to any microcosm, even the appearance of the hero is such that he will suit any situation: “not handsome, but not bad-looking either,” “not too fat, not too thin,” “middle-aged man” - everything about him is uncertain , nothing stands out.
However, oddly enough, our hero is the only character capable of manifesting the movements of the soul. At the end of the poem, the author outlines some prospects for the spiritual rebirth of the protagonist. Overcoming evil lies, according to the writer, not in social reconstruction, but in the inexhaustible potential of the Russian people. Unfortunately, the second volume “ Dead souls” was burned, and the third was not written, so the reader could not find out how Gogol leads Chichikov to a moral revival.
Reply from Maria Pisarenko[guru]
scoundrel entrepreneur
Reply from Diamond Di[active]
both
Reply from T@ni@Ya@[guru]
Merzlikin ON
Reply from Masha Romanchuk[newbie]
entrepreneur with vile intentions))
Reply from Zay[expert]
both a scoundrel and an entrepreneur
Reply from Zanna Varkki[guru]
Now he seems to be an entrepreneur.
Reply from Karlygash[guru]
enterprising swindler
Sections: Literature
Target. Analyzing chapter 11 of the poem, draw students’ attention to one of the extraordinary phenomena in the history of Russian culture of the 19th century: to be replaced, of course goodies XVIII century, in which he was embodied moral ideal era of classicism, “strange characters” came, immoral and enterprising.
Tasks.
- Reveal the writer's attitude towards his hero.
- Find out the meaning of the image of the main character, Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov.
- Discuss the relationship between enterprise and ingenuity in finding ways to get rich and give a moral assessment of these properties.
Equipment: electronic presentation, handout cards with excerpts from chapter 11 of the poem and questions for analysis.
The class is pre-divided into 3 groups, in each group there is one speaker, one co-speaker, the rest complement.
Lesson progress
1. Opening remarks teachers.
In the 19th century, the unconditionally positive heroes of the last century, who embodied the moral ideal of the era of classicism, were replaced by “strange” characters, immoral and enterprising. The appearance of such a hero as Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov was a real revolution in Russian literature. A strange hero and a strange poem. This is evidenced by the well-known correspondence of V. G. Belinsky with K. Aksakov, who compared “ Dead souls” with the “Iliad” and considered Gogol to be the Homer of the new time. Why was it possible for such a hero to appear? And who is he, Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov - a clever “combinator”, a hero-acquirer or a scoundrel, as the author calls him? Or maybe in Russia one phenomenon is unthinkable without the other?
- In the advice of Father Pavlusha, what moral values are money opposed to? Is it possible to agree with such a value system, why is it dangerous?
- Is the father's instruction consistent with the moral code of Christianity? What moral laws of the Bible do the advice of Father Pavlusha disagree with?
- What is the moral assessment of the author of the instruction himself - Father Pavlusha? Give reasons for your answer.
- Does a father teach his son meanness or entrepreneurship when he talks about the power of a penny?
3. Work in groups.
Main question:
How did Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov learn his father’s instructions?
Group 1. Analysis of an episode about an elderly police officer.
- Is it immoral to punish a bad boss?
- Is it possible to protect good while punishing evil with evil?
- How to evaluate Chichikov’s actions towards the daughter of an elderly police officer - enterprise or meanness?
Conclusion: the story with the police officer is the first moral threshold that Chichikov crossed. Then it went according to the established rules.
Group 2. Analysis of the episode “The fight against bribes” (from the words “You need to know that at the same time...” to the words “The petitioner, of course, is right, but now there are no bribe takers...”)
- Who and what is more immoral - a person or a state, an bureaucratic apparatus that does not respect the interests of the individual, or the official himself, who uses social vices for personal enrichment?
- How did Chichikov manage to turn the fight against bribes to his advantage? Was entrepreneurship or meanness evident in this episode?
- Can deception be moral?
Conclusion: Gogol’s officials rob both the state and the petitioners. Embezzlement, bribery, robbery of the population are everyday and completely natural phenomena. Gogol shows the immorality of officials even through the description of the public places where they serve. “On the square there is a large three-story stone house, all white as chalk...” The author ironically explains: “... white as chalk, probably to depict the purity of the souls of the positions housed in it.” These “pure souls” want only one thing: to live widely at the expense of “the sums of their dearly beloved fatherland.” The writer ridiculed greed, meanness, indifference to other people's troubles, bribery, narrow-mindedness - problems that are relevant in our time.
Group 3. Analysis of the episode “Service as an attorney” (from the words “From the instructions he got...” to the words “That’s two hundred thousand in capital”).
- Is it possible to name Chichikov smart person?
- Are intelligence and talent subject to moral assessment?
- How to characterize a society that values wealth in human souls?
Conclusion: Chichikov is an expected and natural phenomenon in the Russian bureaucratic world, deprived moral qualities. Pavel Ivanovich - figurative generalization wide range phenomena of Russian reality.
Questions for the class:
- What final assessment does the writer himself give to the hero? Read it.
“So, here is our hero as he is! But they will perhaps require a final definition in one line: who is he in relation to moral qualities? That he is not a hero, full of perfections and virtues, is clear. Who is he? So he's a scoundrel? Why a scoundrel, why be so strict with others? Nowadays we don’t have scoundrels, we have well-intentioned, pleasant people, and only two or three people would be found who would expose their physiognomy to public disgrace and be slapped in the face in public, and even those are now talking about virtue. It is fairer to call him: owner, acquirer. Acquisition is the fault of everything; because of him, deeds were carried out that the world calls not very pure.”
- What meaning does the writer put into the words “acquisition”, “acquirer”?
- Why are the scoundrel and the acquirer contrasted in this passage?
- Can one phenomenon exist without the other?
- How can one explain the fact that Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov, a scoundrel hero, entrepreneur and acquirer, is sitting in a chaise that rushes across the expanses of Russia?
Teacher's conclusion. Chichikov's path is fruitless. This futility is expressed through the wisdom of the popular saying about a task that is not worth a damn. This proverb first appears long before the finale of Volume 1, and with it Gogol sums up Chichikov’s case. And this traditional folk conclusion contains both a verdict on the hero and the possibility, according to the author, of a future revival. It is not for nothing that in the second volume Murazov repeats to himself: “Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov is a most mysterious person for me. After all, if only with such will and perseverance, but for a good deed!” I feel sorry for Pavel Ivanovich. After all, the hero wastes all his extraordinary practical intelligence, will to overcome obstacles, knowledge of people, perseverance in achieving goals on immoral, and sometimes simply immoral, deeds. An entrepreneur, of course, must be a dexterous, energetic, practical person, but such concepts as conscience, loyalty to one’s word, honesty and nobility have always been part of the Russian merchant’s unique “code of honor.” The only pity is that they are increasingly being replaced by bourgeois Chichikovs, for whom the penny has firmly become their ideal instead of conscience.
4. Homework(optional)
- Essay-argument “Is the revival of Chichikov possible?”
- Draw up a Code of Honor for a modern entrepreneur.
- Essay essay “Is Chichikov a bright, strong personality or an ordinary little person?”
- Prepare a series of illustrations for chapter 11.
- Create a system of questions to analyze Chapter 11.
Literature
- Voropaev Vladimir “A Case Taken from the Soul”, magazine “Literature at School”, No. 4 1998.
- Zolotareva I.V., Mikhailova T.I. Lesson developments in Russian literature, Moscow 2004
- Pudovkina I. “The world of man in the poem by N.V. Gogol “Dead Souls”, newspaper “Literature”, No. 12 2001
- Chizhova L.A. “Who is Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov - a scoundrel or an entrepreneur?”, Didact magazine, No. 5, 1996.
"scoundrel", "acquirer". In the eleventh chapter of the first volume, the writer talks in detail about life path Chichikov from birth until the moment when this “hero” began buying up dead souls; how Chichikov’s character was formed, what vital interests formed in him under the influence environment, guided his behavior. Even as a child, his father taught him: “most of all please teachers and bosses... hang out with those who are richer, so that on occasion they can be useful to you... and most of all, take care and save a penny, this thing is more reliable than anything in the world.. . You will do everything and you will lose a penny in the world."
“with great intelligence on the practical side,” he successfully accumulated money. Service in various institutions developed and polished Chichikov’s natural abilities - practical intelligence, deft ingenuity, hypocrisy, patience, the ability to “comprehend the spirit of the boss,” to find a weak string in a person’s soul and the ability to influence it for personal purposes.
“became a noticeable person. Everything in him turned out to be necessary for this world: pleasantness in turns and actions, and agility in business affairs.” All this distinguished Chichikov in his further service; This is how he appears before us during the purchase of dead souls. Chichikov uses “irresistible strength of character,” “quickness, insight and foresight,” and all his ability to charm a person to achieve the desired enrichment. Widely using all his practical ingenuity, courtesy and resourcefulness, Chichikov managed to charm and provincial town, and estates. He knows how to approach everyone in a special way, subtly calculating his moves and adapting the manner of address and the very tone of speech to the character of the landowner. The reader is amazed by the inexhaustible variety of shades and subtleties of his treatment of Manilov, Korobochka, Nozdryov, Sobakevich, Plyushkin, with the personalities of provincial society, etc. Chichikov’s internal “many faces”, elusiveness, is emphasized by his appearance, given by Gogol in vague tones. “In the chaise sat a gentleman, not handsome, but not of bad appearance, neither too fat nor too thin, one cannot say that he is old, but not that he is too young.” Chichikov's facial expression constantly changes, depending on who he is talking to and what he is talking about.
“We tried to convey to him (the face) many different expressions: sometimes important and sedate, sometimes respectful, but with some smile, sometimes simply respectful without a smile; several bows were made in the mirror, accompanied by unclear sounds, partly similar to French ones, although in French “I didn’t know Chichikov at all.” Chichikov is outwardly neat, loves cleanliness, dressed in a good, fashionable suit, always carefully shaved, and perfumed; He always wears clean underwear and a fashionable dress “of brown and reddish tones with a sparkle” or “the color of Navarino smoke with flames.” And this external neatness, cleanliness of Chichikov, strikingly contrasting with the internal dirt and uncleanliness of this hero, fully completes the image of the “scoundrel”, “acquirer”, predator, using everything to achieve his main goal - the profit of acquisition. Gogol satirically castigates his “scoundrel” hero, a representative of those predators who appeared in large numbers in the 1930s, when bourgeois-capitalist forces had already begun to develop within the framework of the feudal-serf system. The language of Dead Souls is exceptionally rich and original.
less than in your actions and deeds. But the different stylistic tones of the work are united by the speech of the author-narrator. Simple and at the same time solemn, inspired, sublime and exciting, it makes the entire work a poetic creation, holistic and complete, one with all the different voices heard in it - from Manilov to the postmaster telling the story of Captain Kopeikin. Gogol, having developed his own special, original genre of the poem, corresponding to its entire content, achieved an amazing unity of style and sound.
"Dead Souls" created new type prose, in which the opposite elements of creativity inextricably merged - laughter and tears, satire and lyricism. Never before had they met in one work of art. The epic narrative in “Dead Souls” is continually interrupted by the excited lyrical monologues of the author, assessing the behavior of the character or reflecting on life and art. The true lyrical hero of this book is Gogol himself. We constantly hear his voice. The author-narrator is, as it were, an indispensable participant in all the events taking place in the poem. He is invisibly present everywhere. He carefully monitors the behavior of his heroes and actively influences the reader. Moreover, the author's voice is completely devoid of didactics, for this image is perceived from the inside, as a representative of the same reflected reality as the other characters in Dead Souls. The image of the author is precisely a character created by the artist, having his own character and language, having own attitude to life, your own complex spiritual and moral world.
This lyrical character gives the whole story a unique emotional coloring. The author's lyrical voice reaches its greatest tension on those pages that are directly dedicated to the Motherland, Russia. Weaved into Gogol’s lyrical thoughts is a theme so important to him as the future of Russia, its own historical destiny and place in the destinies of humanity. Gogol's passionate lyrical monologues were an expression of his poetic dream of correct reality. They revealed a poetic world, in contrast with which the world of human self-interest and baseness was exposed even more sharply.
Epochs change, making their own adjustments to philosophical and economic concepts. Classic literature has its own peculiarity - it is always relevant. Is Chichikov an acquirer or an entrepreneur? The character, who came from the pen of N.V. Gogol, has been going through more than one century: he changes his appearance, becomes more cunning, but even among his contemporaries of the 21st century it is easy to meet him.
Acquirer or entrepreneur
One sentence from the hero of the novel caused controversy among many generations: who he is - an acquirer or an entrepreneur. Chichikov says: “...they buy everything.” The character himself admits: he is an acquirer. Some readers try to find the traits of an entrepreneur in him. It is important here to understand the relationship to two economic concepts. The purchaser is any person. The meaning of life is to acquire something, to increase your wealth. There are many positives in acquisitions. The main thing is to keep the line between acquisition and greed, honest work and immorality. New item, which appeared for personal use, makes me happy. The entrepreneur tries to resell it, find a profit, makes the purchased product work and generate income.
Chichikov buys dead souls. He bought them, but has no plans to sell them. Benefit of acquisition - increase social status. He wants to stand on the same level as rich landowners. His desire is to create around himself the image of a successful, strong official. It is difficult to even imagine how “dead souls” can be further used other than the goal that Pavel Ivanovich set for himself. This will be a paper register of the peasants belonging to him. The landowner will be able to feel equal to others.
Entrepreneur Traits
Therefore, there is no need to argue with the author. Chichikov is an acquirer, but still there is something in him of enterprising businessmen, swindlers and deceivers. With this reasoning, the concept of entrepreneur is considered from negative side. In reality this is true. Entrepreneurs are different in their activities. Some make profits for the benefit of an entire group of the population, others are based on deception and work only for personal enrichment. What traits are inherent in Chichikov?
- Resourcefulness: from the secretary’s phrase: “... one died, another is born, but everything is good for business”, he managed to create a whole system for improving his social position.
- Determination: Pavel Ivanovich strives to solve the assigned problem. He moves from one landowner to another without giving up his idea.
- The ability to find the right line of behavior. Chichikov talks to each landowner in his own way. He finds the manner of trading that results in a purchase.
- Efficiency. Chichikov does not resort to arguments or emotional pressure. Man observing business ethics, moves towards its goal.
I wonder how from positive trait base desires and interests are visible.
The businessman is a chameleon
Human activities must be consistent with moral standards and rights. By pleasing people, Pavel Ivanovich truly reveals himself as a skilled entrepreneur. He easily gets out of sticky situations. He disappears from the city in time, having completed his work. Chichikov becomes the personification of enterprising businessmen who hide under the guise of piety. They look for “dead souls”, find an opportunity to deceive, profit, sometimes without understanding the results of their work: grief, ruin, poverty. Chichikov has a whole complex negative traits. He's a cheat. Only a cunning person can come up with unimaginable normal person adventures, one of which is the purchase of “dead souls”. He's a scoundrel. There are so many dark thoughts in the soul and in deeds that they can be kept by a fraudster for whom human life has no value.
Everyone has their own attitude towards entrepreneurs. Images of scammers classical literature Many have been created, but Gogol’s Chichikov remains in a special place. One cannot deny his entrepreneurial spirit, but one must recognize the correctness of the author’s position. The information will help you write an essay “Chichikov – entrepreneur or acquirer” and justify your opinion.
Work test
EgorChichikov is a character whose life story is given in every detail. From the eleventh chapter we learn that Pavlusha belonged to a poor noble family. The protagonist's father left him an inheritance of half a copper and a covenant to study diligently, please teachers and bosses and, most importantly, save and save a penny. all lofty concepts only hinder the achievement of the cherished goal. That is why Pavlusha makes her way in life through her own efforts, without relying on anyone’s patronage. He builds his well-being at the expense of other people: deception, bribery, embezzlement, fraud at customs - the main character’s tools. No setbacks can break his thirst for profit. And every time he commits unseemly acts, he easily finds an excuse for himself. Each chapter expands our understanding of Chichikov’s capabilities and leads us to think about his amazing variability: with Manilov he is cloyingly amiable, with Korobochka he is petty-insistent and rude, with Nozdryov he is assertive and cowardly, with Sobakevich he bargains insidiously and relentlessly, Plyushkina conquers with his "magnanimity". In Chichikov’s character there is Manilov’s love for a phrase, for a “noble” gesture, and Korobochka’s petty stinginess, and Nozdryov’s narcissism, and the rough tight-fistedness, cold cynicism of Sobakevich, and Plyushkin’s hoarding. Chichikov is a kind of mirror of each of the landowners listed above, because he has all the qualities that form the basis of their characters. But at the same time, Chichikov differs from his counterparts on the estates; he is a man of new times, a businessman and acquirer, he has all the qualities necessary for this. However, he is also a “dead soul,” because the “brilliant joy” of life is inaccessible to him. Our hero pacifies his blood, which “played strongly,” and gets rid of human feelings almost completely. The idea of success, enterprise, and practicality overshadow all emotional impulses in him. True, Gogol notes that in Chichikov there is no dull automatism of Plyushkin: “He had no attachment to money for the sake of money, he was not possessed by miserliness and stinginess. No, it was not they who moved him - he imagined a life ahead of him with all the pleasures, so that finally later, over time, he would definitely taste all this, that’s why the penny was saved.” The “selflessness”, patience and strength of character of the protagonist allow him to constantly be reborn and show enormous energy to achieve his goal. Chichikov knows how to adapt to any microcosm, even the appearance of the hero is such that he will suit any situation: “not handsome, but not bad-looking either,” “not too fat, not too thin,” “middle-aged man” - everything about him is uncertain , nothing stands out. However, oddly enough, our hero is the only character capable of manifesting the movements of the soul. At the end of the poem, the author outlines some prospects for the spiritual rebirth of the protagonist. Overcoming evil lies, according to the writer, not in social reconstruction, but in the inexhaustible potential of the Russian people. Unfortunately, the second volume of “Dead Souls” was burned, and the third was not written, so the reader was not able to find out how Gogol leads Chichikov to a moral revival.
Peter
scoundrel entrepreneur
Irakli
both
Svyatoslav
Merzlikin ON
Arseny
entrepreneur with vile intentions))
Valery
both a scoundrel and an entrepreneur
Ostromir
Now he seems to be an entrepreneur.
Anisim
enterprising swindler
Arkady
A scoundrel and an entrepreneur are very similar concepts; you can count honest businessmen on one hand, since the law “if you don’t cheat, you can’t sell” applies.
Dmitry
Honest Entrepreneur
Emelyan
normal approach to business...shadow economy)))))...many people live like this
Vissarion
the first literary businessman - this is his genius
Mstislav
In those days he was a scoundrel, now he would be an entrepreneur