« Captain's daughter» – historical novel (or story) by Alexander Pushkin, the action of which takes place during the uprising of Emelyan Pugachev. First published without indicating the author's name in the 4th book of the Sovremennik magazine, which went on sale in the last decade of 1836.
"Masha Mironova - moral ideal Pushkin" is an essay traditionally offered to students during school lessons on Russian literature. This topic It may seem easy, but this is only at first glance. The main character of the story “The Captain's Daughter” is a very difficult character to characterize and therefore requires a special approach, in contrast to other characters, for example, Pyotr Grinev, Emelyan Pugachev or Savelich, who are described by the author in sufficient detail, vividly and expressively.
The formation of the character of Masha Mironova
The story by A. S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter” depicts many bright and original characters - courageous, decisive, fair. However, what most attracted my attention was Masha Mironova, the main character of the work, the daughter of Captain Mironov.
Masha's life takes place in Belogorsk fortress, whose commandant is her father. The portrait of the girl is unremarkable: she is about eighteen years old, she is “chubby, ruddy, with light brown hair, smoothly combed behind her ears.” Her mother considers her a “coward,” and the evil Shvabrin characterizes the girl as “a complete fool.”
However, further acquaintance shows that Masha has many advantages: she is a welcoming, sincere, sweet, “prudent and sensitive” girl. Her even character and friendliness cannot leave others indifferent.
Finding herself in a critical situation, Masha reveals a new side. She shows incredible resilience and fortitude when she finds herself in the hands of the hated Shvabrin. Neither force nor threats can break a defenseless girl; she is ready to die rather than agree to marry an unloved person. Left without parents and separated from her fiancé, Masha decides to fight for her happiness alone.
Having learned about the arrest of Pyotr Grinev and his accusation of treason and betrayal, she goes to St. Petersburg with the intention of submitting a petition to the empress. Confident of her beloved’s innocence, she so simply and sincerely talks about his relationship with the leader of the rebels, Pugachev, that she wins over Ekaterina P. “By personal order,” Grinev is released from prison, in addition, the empress undertakes to arrange the condition of the orphaned Masha.
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Marya Ivanovna was brought up among simple, unpretentious “old people” who had a low level of culture and limited mental interests, but were courageous, honest and devoted to their duty, as they understood it. All this had decisive influence on the formation of a girl’s character.
The first impression of Marya Ivanovna is one of mediocrity. Her appearance immediately emphasizes the ordinariness: “Then a girl of about eighteen entered, chubby, ruddy, with light brown hair combed smoothly behind her ears.” The narrator notes:
“At first glance I didn’t really like her.” Marya Ivanovna's demeanor reveals modesty and shyness. She sits aside, sews, blushes when they talk about her at the table. Gradually, behind this simplicity and routine, something comes into being. highest degree attractive. “Marya Ivanovna soon stopped shying away from me. I found in her a prudent and sensitive girl.”
She becomes attached to the young officer, correctly assessing him as honest and kind person, and before that she rejected the guards officer Shvabrin, although he was more educated and, it would seem, could impress a provincial girl. Having fallen in love with Grinev, Marya Ivanovna simply responds to his explanation. “She, without any affectation, admitted to me her heartfelt inclination.” The whole story of Marya Ivanovna’s love for Grinev is proof of the depth of her nature, her ability for great, real feeling. After Grinev’s father refused his son permission to marry, and Marya Ivanovna decided that it was “not destiny” for her to be with Grinev, that she should submit to “the will of God,” she does not stop loving him. In difficult trials and vicissitudes of her fate selfless love getting stronger. What she experiences develops and strengthens her resilience.
The girl's attractiveness, simplicity and sincerity, and kind attitude towards people influence those around her. We see that both the serf girl Palash and Savelich love her. Popadya is ready to do everything for her, exposing herself to considerable risk, hiding from Pugachev that Masha is the commandant’s daughter. It is quite understandable that Grinev’s parents, having met her, “soon became sincerely attached to her, because it was impossible to recognize her and not love her.”
In the trials that Marya Ivanovna had to endure, her mental strength and resilience were revealed. Her decision to go to St. Petersburg shows that this modest girl has great strength of character. “She constantly thinks about ways to save me,” the narrator notes. At the same time, Marya Ivanovna composes completely independently whole plan action that requires energy and courage. Fate favors her, but the fact that “the caretaker’s wife immediately started talking to her” and announced that she was “the niece of the court stoker” testifies to Marya Ivanovna’s ability to very quickly win over people of the most diverse character, and by position. Having achieved a happy decision, Marya Ivanovna that same day, “not being curious to look at St. Petersburg, went back to the village.”
There is no doubt that the author is attracted to Marya Ivanovna. One of the means of poeticizing the image of the heroine is to use beautiful epigraphs relating to Marya Ivanovna. folk songs, in content corresponding to a particular situation of the story. This is, for example, the epigraph to Chapter XII “The Orphan”:
Like our apple tree
There is no apex, no process;
Like our princess
There is no father, no mother...
The quiet, timid captain's daughter overcame all the vicissitudes of fate, saved the future of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, his honor, his family.
Is Masha the main character?
In the work of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter” it is difficult to identify one main character. Both Masha Mironova and Pyotr Grinev are suitable for this role. On the one hand, the name historical novel– “The Captain's Daughter”, that is, according to the rules of Russian literature, Masha is the central character of the work. On the other hand, the narration comes from the perspective of Andrei Petrovich’s son, and it is he who is a participant in most of the events described in Pushkin’s work. But some of Mironova’s features allow her to be given the status main character historical novel on a par with Grinev.
- Firstly, it is courage. Throughout the entire historical novel, the girl proves herself to be the brave daughter of the fortress captain. Despite the danger and threats from Shvabrin, the girl, being held hostage, does not accept the traitor’s offer. When Grinev was accused of treason, it was Masha Mironova who stood up for him, even despite the fall of her son in the eyes of Andrei Petrovich. Only strong in spirit the girl could dare to do such things.
- Secondly, this is the heroine’s devotion. After Grinev’s duel with Shvabrin, the girl looked after her lover. And when Pyotr Andreevich was sent to Siberia, it was she who went to St. Petersburg to seek protection and ask for Grinev. Despite the cramped circumstances and threats to life, Masha, throughout the entire novel, never once made any of the characters doubt their sincere affection for Andrei Petrovich’s son.
- Thirdly, this is the girl’s modesty and loyalty to traditions. When Grinev’s father, who believed in Shvabrin’s slander, refused to bless the union between Masha and Peter, the heroine insisted on observing all the rules. She's sure that happy marriage will not happen if the parents on both sides have not given their consent. When the daughter of Captain Mironov began to live with Avdotya Vasilyevna and Andrei Petrovich, with her meekness and obedience she forced them to change their opinion about themselves. Peter Grinev's parents fell in love with the girl as my own daughter. Masha would not have been able to justify herself to her lover’s father and mother if she had not been a truly modest and exemplary representative of the fairer sex.
- Fourthly, this is the ability to get along with other people. Even in the fortress, everyone fell in love with the captain’s daughter. And when Masha’s father and mother were brutally killed in front of all the inhabitants of the defensive structure, priest Akulina Pamfilovna hid the girl at the cost of her life at home. Even Savelich became attached to the heroine of the novel, as he saw in her a kind and smart girl. If Mironova did not have the ability to find mutual language with everyone, she would have died.
Undoubtedly, Masha Mironova is one of central characters works. The character traits of the heroine allow others to like her acting persons historical novel, and readers. Moreover, all of her positive traits make her not only a respectable girl, but also the moral ideal of the author Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin.
Masha Mironova is one of the main characters in the story “The Captain's Daughter”. And she can safely be considered the purest and most good-natured hero of the novel. She shows sincere feelings without being afraid of any difficulties or obstacles. The image of Masha Mironova is presented to the reader as an ordinary Russian girl, with rosy cheeks and brown hair tied up. Masha has had her share of many misfortunes and misfortunes, but no one can break her core, despite her timidity. Masha was a rather poor bride who had absolutely no dowry. However, she did not agree to marry Shvabrin, not out of love. She said that for no good reason, she would not kiss at the altar with a person without mutual sympathy and feelings.
And her tender girlish heart blossomed with love for Pyotr Grinev. She dared to admit this to him, Masha reciprocated. But the only obstacle to their happiness was that Peter’s parents were against their union, and Masha, in turn, would never have gotten married without a blessing. Masha tried for a long time to overcome her love for Peter, even though it was extremely difficult for her.
IN further girl A strong shock awaited her, her parents were executed, and Shvabrin forcibly took her away, trying to forcefully marry her. Salvation in the person of Pugachev aroused double feelings in the girl’s soul: on the one hand, this is the killer of her parents, and on the other, her savior. As a result, Pugachev pardoned her and Peter. They went to his parents, who, having gotten to know the girl better, sincerely fell in love with her and accepted her as their own daughter.
Another test that fell on Masha’s fragile shoulders was the arrest of her beloved right before the wedding. But this did not break the girl, but on the contrary forced her to save her groom at all costs. She was even lucky enough to talk with the empress and tell her everything that happened in her life, and how important it was for her to be close to Peter. As a result, the clouds over Masha and Peter cleared, and they were together again.
Essay 2
“The Captain's Daughter” by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin is the greatest and unique work of literature. The central character around whom the entire plot revolves is Pyotr Grinev. But many people consider the heroine named Masha Mironova to be the main character of the historical novel. This happens for a reason, but is completely deserved.
Masha Mironova is an eighteen-year-old girl, the daughter of the captain of the Belogorsk fortress. Her appearance was very pretty: pleasant face, blond hair. Masha has always been quite modest, reserved, and distinguished by her simplicity and ease. Her mother, Vasilisa Egorovna, decided for her own daughter that she needed to marry the first person she met. But Masha had the opposite opinion and could not imagine marriage without high feelings for her partner. It was this reason that once served as a refusal to Shvabrin.
Having met Pyotr Grinev, they both felt for each other high feelings. These feelings increase even more strongly when Masha looked after and did not leave Peter for a second after the injury. The lovers decide to get married, but Masha wants to do everything right and wants the approval of Peter's parents. The young man leaves for a while. At this time, Mironov's fortress was captured, and the girl's parents were executed. Shvabrin takes Masha captive and puts moral pressure on her, asking for her hand. But she would not change her principles even under the pretext of painful death. The girl manages to send Grinev a letter, and he immediately saves her. But she saves not alone, but with Pugachev, who was the killer of her parents. The girl’s heart was breaking from the pain and inconsistency of the situation. Another tragedy occurs: Peter's arrest. Without hesitation, Masha decides to save her beloved from exile and goes to talk with the empress. It is here that a new side of Masha, previously unknown, is revealed to the reader. Not a drop of her usual modesty and embarrassment remains from the girl, she becomes confident and courageous. By seeking the release of Peter, Masha appears as a heroine.
Masha Mironova appears in Pushkin's novel as a real Russian girl who combines courage, perseverance and fortitude. Throughout the novel, you can see the development of the heroine, because at first she was afraid even of a shot, and now she is able to cope with the most difficult tests. Masha is the person who is defined not by words, but by actions performed.
Characteristics and image of Masha Mironova from The Captain's Daughter
Maria Mironova is the heroine of the story “The Captain's Daughter” by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin.
This young girl is the daughter of Captain Mironov, the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress.
Masha Mironova’s appearance is not particularly remarkable: a ruddy, round face and blond hair tucked behind her ears. Her mother thinks she is a coward. Shvabrin, who was rejected by her, calls her an absolute fool.
As you read the story, you begin to understand that Masha is a simple-minded, kind and sincere person. She is sweet and friendly with people.
The girl suffered a difficult fate - the execution of her parents. The girl takes this painfully, but does not lose heart and fights for her life.
Masha’s persistent character is revealed when Shvabrin keeps the girl locked up, demanding to become his wife. Threats do not frighten her; the young lady declares that it is better to die than to live with an unloved person.
Her lover Pyotr Grinev comes to an agreement with Pugachev and saves the girl.
She goes to Peter's parents. Peter's mother and father, who was initially against his son's marriage, warmly welcome Masha. They are imbued with her and surround the orphaned girl with attention and care.
Having been rescued and safe, she learns that her lover Pyotr Grinev was unjustly arrested. The girl feels guilty for the arrest of her lover. She hides her tears from those around her and looks for ways to achieve his release. Masha goes to the Empress to ask for mercy for Peter.
A modest, one might even say timid girl, shows strength of character, perseverance and determination. She is ready to free and justify her fiancé at any cost.
She tells the empress about how Pert saved her and convinces the empress of his innocence. Her story touched the empress. He was so sincere that the empress not only pardons Pyotr Grinev, but also promises to arrange for the girl’s well-being.
The further fate of the girl is going well. She becomes Peter's wife and they have children, and then grandchildren.
The character of Masha Mironova deserves respect and evokes deepest sympathy. The young girl endures all the blows of fate with dignity. Her pure soul and open heart are captivating. She truly loves. For the sake of her love, the girl is ready to sacrifice herself and do brave and desperate things.
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To the uprising of A.S. Pushkin treated it with bitterness because he understood that it did not arise out of nowhere. At the same time, he saw the futility of such an attempt to improve life: it immediately turned into robbery, murder and mutual bitterness. “God forbid we see a Russian revolt, senseless and merciless!” - he writes.
The rebels are shown in different ways. Either they are written about as Pugachev’s “terrible comrades”, “villains”, or the simple-minded Cossack constable Maksimych is described, whom the tongue cannot dare to call a traitor - it is not for nothing that Grinev was glad to see him during the shootout near Orenburg. Sympathy for the rebels is clear in the episode when Captain Mironov interrogated the old Bashkir. The brutal suppression unwittingly prepared the way for future protests. Of course, A.S. Pushkin himself was a nobleman and a son of his time, so he could quite sincerely write about “crafty rebels who were evil in secret.” What is important is that in depicting individuals and specific situations he was guided by an objective consideration of what might happen.
Author's attitude to Grinev can be understood by indirect signs, because the speech in the story comes from the perspective of Grinev himself. Of course, the author sympathizes with the narrator because he sometimes puts unflattering characteristics into his mouth - for example, when he yelled at Savelich after losing to Zurin. At the same time, Grinev talks calmly about his exploits, without resorting to exaggeration or narcissism. It is obvious that Grinev writes directly and honestly, and this is the main measure of the author’s attitude towards him.
To Pugachev A.S. Pushkin treated himself as a complex, contradictory personality, as evidenced by episodes with his participation, when he was in a different state of mind, committing various actions. He could be angry and cruel - so he executed the officers of the Belogorsk fortress; could be sincere and insightful when telling Kalmyk fairy tale; he remembered not only evil, but also good, valued calm courage and at the same time loved to boast and boast, as if he were playing some kind of children's game. It is worth remembering the technique of literary parallelism, often used by A.S. Pushkin: kindest Andrei Karlovich Reinsdorp,
The commandant of Orenburg refuses to help Grinev rescue the daughter of a heroically deceased officer, and Pugachev does it willingly. Again, Pugachev released Grinev, and Catherine II did not pardon Grinev at all, but helped the daughter of Captain Mironov, who she liked.
Masha Mironova herself also goes through a difficult path of growing up. From a naive girl who had seen nothing in her life except the Belogorsk fortress and was constantly silent, she grew into a selfless young woman, ready to go to distant and terrible St. Petersburg to save her loved one and seek an audience with the empress herself. The author seems to admire her modesty, ingenuousness and fidelity, constantly focusing on the fact that she did not behave and firmly defended feminine dignity and her choice
Quite a lot female images we meet on the pages of the work of A.S. Pushkin. The poet has always been distinguished by his love for a woman in the highest sense of the word. A. S. Pushkin’s female images are almost an ideal, pure, innocent, lofty, spiritual. Of course not last place in the gallery of female images is occupied by the heroine of the novel “The Captain's Daughter” Masha Mironova. The author treats this heroine with great warmth.
Masha – traditional Russian name, it emphasizes the simplicity and naturalness of the heroine. There are no original, outstanding features in this girl; the definition of “sweet girl” fits her perfectly. And at the same time, this image is poetic, sublime and attractive.
Masha Mironova was brought up in a patriarchal family that adhered to ancient noble traditions. Because of this, she is obedient, calm, and modest. She will never cross the boundaries of decency, will not compromise her moral duty and will not go against her conscience. So, she would never have married Shvabrin, even if this decision threatened her with death. Let us remember in what condition Pugachev and Grinev find locked Masha. Her upbringing, her principles did not allow Masha to bow to Shvabrin.
A.S. Pushkin subjects his heroine to the test of love, and she passes this test with honor. To achieve prosperity, Masha had to endure many hard blows: her beloved was wounded in a duel, then the groom’s parents did not give their blessing for a legal marriage, and her own parents died. Pugachev's rebellion bursts into Masha's measured life. Ironically, this event, instead of separating the two lovers, united them.
Nowhere is the character of Masha Mironova more evident than in the last pages of the book, where she, without any doubt, goes to Tsarskoe Selo to ask the Empress to pardon Grinev. This act was courageous already because the young girl, not knowledgeable about life, goes into the unknown alone, and is doubly bold because she wants to stand up for the disgraced nobleman, which is very risky for herself. She enters into a fight not only for her love, but also for justice. The trials that befell Marya Ivanovna mentally burned her and made her stronger. She was not broken by the death of her parents, Shvabrin’s harassment, or Grinev’s arrest. But at first she seemed so weak and helpless, she was afraid of shots, and fainted. But when fate put her alone at a crossroads, she found the strength to fight for her happiness. Masha became more mature in these trials.
A.S. Pushkin makes his heroine suffer because he treats her reverently and tenderly. He knows that she will endure these sufferings, revealing in them the most beautiful sides of her soul.
Masha Mironova has a strong developed sense duty and spiritual nobility. Her concept of duty develops into the concept of fidelity. Masha Mironova remained faithful to her heartfelt affection despite her fear. She is her father's true daughter. Mironov in life was a gentle and good-natured person, but in an extreme situation he showed determination worthy of a Russian officer. Masha was the same: she was timid and impressionable, but when it came to her honor, she was ready, like her father, to die rather than do anything contrary to her conscience.
Masha Mironova’s spiritual qualities are wonderful: moral impeccability, loyalty to her word, determination, sincerity. She is capable of loving sincerely, ardently and selflessly. And as a reward she gets the happiness she deserves.
A. S. Pushkin, creating the image of Misha Mironova, put into it his soul, his love, his desire to see in a woman the embodiment of those lofty spiritual qualities, which are so valued at all times. And Masha Mironova rightfully adorns the gallery of images of Russian women created by our classics.
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To the uprising of A.C. Pushkin treated it with bitterness because he understood that it did not arise out of nowhere. At the same time, he saw the futility of such an attempt to improve life: it immediately turned into robbery, murder and mutual bitterness. “God forbid we see a Russian revolt, senseless and merciless!” - he writes.
The rebels are shown in different ways. Either they are written about as Pugachev’s “terrible comrades”, “villains”, or the simple-minded Cossack constable Maksimych is described, whom the tongue cannot dare to call a traitor - it is not for nothing that Grinev was glad to see him during the shootout near Orenburg. Sympathy for the rebels is clear in the episode when Captain Mironov interrogated the old Bashkir. The brutal suppression unwittingly prepared the way for future protests. Of course A.C. Pushkin himself was a nobleman and a son of his time, so he could quite sincerely write about “crafty rebels who were evil in secret.” What is important is that in depicting individuals and specific situations he was guided by an objective consideration of what might happen.
The author's attitude towards Grinev can be understood by indirect signs, because the speech in the story comes from the perspective of Grinev himself. Of course, the author sympathizes with the narrator because he sometimes puts unflattering characteristics into his mouth - for example, when he yelled at Savelich after losing to Zurin. At the same time, Grinev talks calmly about his exploits, without resorting to exaggeration or narcissism. It is obvious that Grinev writes directly and honestly, and this is the main measure of the author’s attitude towards him.
To Pugachev A.S. Pushkin treated him as a complex, contradictory personality, as evidenced by episodes with his participation, when he was in a different state of mind, performing various actions. He could be angry and cruel - so he executed the officers of the Belogorsk fortress; could be sincere and soulful when telling a Kalmyk fairy tale; he remembered not only evil, but also good, valued calm courage and at the same time loved to boast and boast, as if he were playing some kind of children's game. It is worth remembering the technique of literary parallelism, often used by A.S. Pushkin: the kind Andrei Karlovich Reinsdorp, commandant of Orenburg, refuses to help Grinev rescue the daughter of a heroically deceased officer, and Pugachev does it willingly. Again, Pugachev released Grinev, and Catherine II did not pardon Grinev at all, but helped the daughter of Captain Mironov she liked.
Masha Mironova herself also goes through a difficult path of growing up. From a naive girl who had seen nothing in her life except the Belogorsk fortress and was constantly silent, she grew into a selfless young woman, ready to go to distant and terrible St. Petersburg to save her loved one and seek an audience with the empress herself. The author seems to admire her modesty, ingenuousness and fidelity, constantly focusing on the fact that she did not behave and firmly defended female dignity and her choice.