The story of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin “” can safely be called historical work, because it describes the peasant uprising led by Pugachev. We see everything that happens through the eyes of the main character Peter Grinev, who was aimed at military service to the Belogorsk fortress.
In the fortress, Petrusha remains a completely “green” boy. He was only sixteen years old. It should be noted that the main character was under the care of his parents throughout his adult life and did not feel all the difficulties life path. The Belogorsk fortress became a real school of life for Grinev. She raised him to be a real man with his own values, principles, and the ability to stand up for himself and his loved ones.
First life lesson for steel love feelings for . The main character's first impression of Maria was based on the stories of Shvabrin, who spoke not very kindly about the girl. Over time, Grinev realizes that Masha is a smart and well-mannered girl. He stops believing words. One day he even challenges his former friend to a duel. best friend to protect the honor of his beloved. Shvabrin cheated and wounded Grinev when he was distracted by Savelich’s scream.
After the duel, Peter and Maria decide to get married. True, Grinev’s parents did not approve of their son’s choice, because they received from Shvabrin about the duel and Peter’s injury.
This event completely destroyed the friendship of the two young people. Although they were very similar to each other, the only thing that distinguished them was their moral level of development. Over time, Grinev learns that all the dirty reviews about Masha were Shvabrin’s revenge for the fact that the girl rejected the advances of the young officer.
All the insignificance of Shvabrin’s personality was revealed during the capture of the Belogorsk fortress by Pugachev’s rebels. He immediately went over to Pugachev’s side. Having become the commandant of the fortress, he wanted to take advantage of the situation and force Maria to marry him, but an accident intervened, which saved the girl.
Much to Grinev’s surprise, he recognized Pugachev. It was he who helped the main character and Savelich get out of the snowstorm. It was for this that Peter presented Pugachev with a hare sheepskin coat. This act remained in Pugachev’s memory, which later reflected in his good attitude towards Grinev. Main character remained faithful to the oath, he did not recognize true power in the rebels and openly declared that he was ready to fight for the empress to the last drop of blood.
Over time, Grinev radically changes his opinion about Pugachev. If at the beginning of the uprising he acted as a robber and impostor who achieves his goal by any means, then later we see a wise man with his own philosophy of life, which was contained in Kalmyk fairy tale. But all the same, Peter could not accept this philosophy, it was not clear to him. Even Pugachev’s act of saving Maria from Shvabrin’s atrocities did not affect this. Later he releases his lovers from the fortress.
Thus, while in the Belogorsk fortress, Pyotr Grinev passed the test of friendship, love, and loyalty to his homeland. It should be noted that he passed them with honor. Now he was no longer a “green” boy, but a real officer, ready at any moment to perform a feat for the sake of his family, homeland, and empress.
The Belogorsk fortress was located far from the cultural and political centers of that time, but the wave of Pugachev’s rebellion reached it too. The small garrison faced an unequal battle. The fortress fell. carries out his “imperial” court, that is, he mercilessly deals with unarmed people. It is this moment in the story that is key to comparative characteristics two heroes of "The Captain's Daughter" Grinev and Shvabrin.
Grinev was raised in the family of a retired military man and became an officer himself. Petrusha is a gentle and conscientious young man, filled with the most rosy dreams. For him, serving in the guard is the height of human well-being. However, life itself dispels his illusions. After losing to Zurin at cards, Grinev feels ashamed. The meeting that soon followed with the counselor shows that Petrusha good man. Despite Savelich’s admonition, Grinev gives the counselor a rabbit sheepskin coat from his shoulder. Service in the Belogorsk fortress turned out to be easy, Petrusha falls in love with the commandant’s daughter Masha Mironova. Falling in love makes Grinev a poet.
Petrusha shares her poetic samples with Alexei Shvabrin, a young officer exiled to the fortress for participating in a duel. It turns out that Shvabrin was also in love with Masha, but was refused. Shvabrin tries to denigrate the girl in the eyes of Grinev, and he challenges him to a duel. Petrusha receives from his ex-friend slight wound. But even after this, Shvabrin continues to envy Grinev, because Masha and her parents carefully look after the wounded young man. However, Shvabrin soon gets the opportunity to take revenge. Pugachev invited everyone to join his rebellious army. Shvabrin happily agrees: he swears allegiance to the impostor. Grinev, despite mortal danger, does not betray the military oath and dares to stand up for the orphaned Masha Mironova. Thus, rivals in love and opponents in duels stand on opposite sides of the barricades. Shvabrin’s position is still less favorable: by joining Pugachev, he thereby once and for all put himself outside the law.
Grinev, whom Pugachev remembers from meeting on the road, tells the impostor the truth about his beloved, hoping for leniency from the leader. Grinev wins this psychological battle, saving himself and Masha. Two officers Russian army Pyotr Grinev and Alexey Shvabrin behave completely differently: the first follows the laws of officer honor and remains faithful to the military oath, the second easily becomes a traitor. bearers of two fundamentally different worldviews. This is exactly how the author of the story “The Captain's Daughter” portrays them.
The main character of the story, Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, was brought up from childhood in an environment of high everyday morality. He had someone to follow by example. Pushkin, through the mouth of Savelich, on the first pages of the story introduces readers to the moral principles of the Grinev family: It seems that neither the father nor the grandfather were drunkards; there’s nothing to say about mother... With these words the old servant brings up his ward Pyotr Grinev, who got drunk for the first time and behaved unsightly.
The first time, Pyotr Grinev acted honorably, returning the gambling debt, although in that situation Savelich tried to persuade him to evade payment. But nobility prevailed.
A man of honor, in my opinion, is always kind and selfless in his interactions with others. For example, Pyotr Grinev, despite Savelich’s dissatisfaction, thanked the tramp for his service by giving him a hare sheepskin coat. His action saved both of their lives in the future. This episode seems to say that fate itself protects a person who lives by honor. But, of course, it’s not a matter of fate, but simply on earth more people who remember good rather than evil, it means that a noble person has more chances for everyday happiness.
Moral tests awaited Grinev in the fortress where he served. Officer Shvabrin interferes with Grinev’s love for Masha Mironova and weaves intrigues. In the end it comes down to a duel. Shvabrin is the complete opposite of Grinev. He is a selfish and ignoble man. This shows up in everything. Even during the duel, he did not hesitate to take advantage of a dishonorable situation to strike. Fate in the future will also present him with a bill for his life position, but completely different from Grinev. Shvabrin will side with Pugachev, and he will be condemned as an officer who betrayed the oath. Using Shvabrin as an example, the author wants to show that external culture has little effect on the development of a person’s character. After all, Shvabrin was more educated than Grinev. Read French novels, poetry. He was a smart conversationalist. He even got Grinev addicted to reading. Apparently, the family in which a person was raised is of decisive importance.
During the Pugachev rebellion, the moral qualities some heroes of the story and the baseness of the feelings of others. We learned that his wife also chose death, but did not surrender to the mercy of the rebels. Pyotr Grinev did the same, but was pardoned by Pugachev. It seems to me that the author made it clear to the reader that Pugachev showed generosity towards the young officer not only out of gratitude for the old favor. He equally, it seemed to me, appreciated Grinev as a man of honor. The leader of the popular uprising himself set noble goals for himself, so he was not alien to the concepts of honor. Moreover, thanks to Pugachev, Grinev and Masha found each other forever.
Shvabrin, too, was powerless in implementing his selfish plans. Pugachev not only did not support Shvabrin, but also clearly made it clear to him that he was dishonest and therefore not a competitor to Grinev.
Grinev’s morality even influenced Pugachev himself. The chieftain told the officer a fairy tale he had heard from an old Kalmyk woman, in which it was said that it was better to drink fresh blood once than to feed on carrion for three hundred years. Of course, the fairy eagle and the raven argued in this moment, solving purely human problem. Pugachev clearly preferred the eagle that feeds on blood. But Grinev boldly answered the ataman: Intricate... But to live by murder and robbery means, for me, to peck at carrion. After such an answer from Grinev, Pugachev plunged into deep thoughts. Therefore, deep down in his soul, Pugachev had noble roots.
The ending of the story is interesting. It would seem that a connection with the rebellious chieftain would be fatal for Grinev. He is actually arrested based on a denunciation. He is facing the death penalty, but Grinev decides, for reasons of honor, not to name his beloved. If he had told the whole truth about Masha, for the sake of saving whom he, in fact, found himself in such a situation, then he would probably have been acquitted. But at the very last moment justice has prevailed. Masha herself turns to a lady close to the Empress for Grinev’s pardon. The lady takes the poor girl at her word. This fact suggests that in a society where most people live by honor, justice is always easier to prevail. The lady turns out to be the empress herself, and the fate of her beloved Masha is decided for the better.
Need to download an essay? Click and save - » Belogorsk fortress in the story “The Captain's Daughter”. And the finished essay appeared in my bookmarks.Belgorod Fortress is a village surrounded by a log fence. Everything had a rather unsightly appearance: the streets were cramped and crooked, the huts were low. People in the fortress are accustomed to the fact that there is no active military action here, the service goes on calmly. Captain Mironov and Vasilisa Egorovna, his wife, have been living here for many years. Vasilisa Egorovna takes part in all her husband’s affairs, the atmosphere in the fortress is almost homely. This made a depressing impression on Grinev.
How to explain such a “family” nature of relations between people in the fortress?
This was explained by the morals of the commandant of the fortress and his wife. These are people of the old way, they treated their subordinates without ceremony, and most of the soldiers were local residents. This was also determined by the fact that strict discipline was not required, since minor unrest of the Bashkirs was not dangerous.
Tell us about its inhabitants.
Ivan Kuzmich, the commandant of the fortress, and his wife, Vasilisa Egorovna, show an example of the old patriarchal way of life. They live in perfect harmony, Vasilisa Egorovna supports her husband in everything, comments (not without a bit of irony) on his actions, and gives advice. From her remarks we learn that the captain “does not know much” about the service, and accordingly, cannot teach his subordinates anything. Shvabrin calls Vasilisa Egorovna “a beautiful lady.”
We learn about Shvabrin that he has been in the fortress for five years, and is here as punishment for a duel that ended in death. Shvabrin tries to make friends with Grinev, but he succeeds. In this chapter he is characterized as a witty, cheerful person.
Marya Ivanovna is the daughter of Captain Mironov. She is a pretty eighteen year old girl. It is not yet clear why Shvabrin, in a conversation with Grinev, described her as a fool. But the reader understands that she is sensitive (cannot stand gunfire), brought up in old traditions, and not rich (the Mironovs are poor, but they regret it only because it might prevent their daughter from getting married).
What is the significance of the soldier’s song, which is the epigraph to Chapter III?
Let us remember that the epigraph is one of the means of expression author's position. It is in the epigraphs that we guess the personality of A.S. Pushkin, since the story is told on behalf of the main character. The author is ironic, using the following epigraph: The Belgorod fortress bears little resemblance to a fortification, and the “fierce enemies” have not yet been here. This brave song does not correspond to what is really here.
The second quote from Fovizin’s “Minor” also sets the reader in an ironic mood: “ strange people“in the sense that they are very far from the world, not developed properly, because they are far from the center of Russia, from large cities.
What are your impressions of each of the characters?
The characters are underrepresented. We have just started reading the work. But impressions about each of them have already been formed.
Ivan Kuzmich Mironov, already an elderly commandant of the fortress, does not maintain strict order, since, apparently, he considers it unnecessary. Listens to his wife.
Vasilisa Egorovna runs the house very skillfully, knows how to clearly and correctly organize life so that everyone feels at home. Interested in the destinies of other people.
Marya Ivanovna is a modest, sweet girl who obeys her parents in everything, was raised in a patriarchal family, and perceives her way of life as natural.
Shvabrin evoked ambivalent feelings. On the one hand, it's fun, witty man. On the other hand, Grinev’s remark that Shvabrin presented Masha as a complete fool is alarming. It can be assumed that Shvabrin has dark feelings and thoughts.
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, the great Russian poet, wrote not only poetry, but also prose works, especially at the end creative activity. Pushkin's prose reaches its utmost perfection in his last major work - the historical story "The Captain's Daughter." Pushkin deeply and carefully studies the era of the Pugachev uprising using archival materials, travels to the scene of the novel - in the Volga region, in the Orenburg steppes, where the living memory about the leader of the popular movement. According to V. O. Klyuchevsky, in “The Captain’s Daughter”, based on careful research historical sources, different enormous power generalizations, " more history than in “The History of the Pugachev Rebellion”.
The Belogorsk fortress, in which young Grinev was to serve, was located “forty miles from Orenburg” and was a village surrounded by a log fence. At the gate, Grinev saw “a cast iron cannon; the streets were cramped and crooked; The huts are low and mostly covered with straw.” The commandant himself lived in a simple wooden house, built on a high place near a wooden church.
The first meeting with the commandant produced young man an extraordinary impression: he was “a cheerful and tall old man, in a cap and a Chinese robe,” he commanded twenty “old disabled people” lined up “in front.” Less than a few weeks had passed before Grinev’s life in the Belogorsk fortress became for him “not only bearable, but even pleasant.” In the commandant’s house he “was received like family”; Ivan Kuzmich and his wife were “the most respectable people.” The commandant became an officer “from the children of soldiers”; he was a simple man, poorly educated, but “honest and kind.” Mironov zealously fulfilled his duty, serving the empress and punishing her enemies. In the face of death, he showed extraordinary courage.
Vasilisa Egorovna, a simple and hospitable woman, met Pyotr Grinev in the fortress as if she had known him “for centuries.” She “looked at the affairs of the service as if they were her master’s, and ruled the fortress as accurately as she ruled her house.” For twenty years she and her husband lived in this fortress. She was accustomed to the military way of life, exposed to dangers, and even in the terrible Days of the Pugachev Troubles, she did not leave her husband and was not afraid to share his fate.
Marya Ivanovna, the daughter of Captain Mironov, lived in the fortress with her parents. Since childhood, she was accustomed to such a life, but, despite the soldier’s environment, she grew up to be a subtle, sensitive girl. Independent mind, courage, ability
to deep sincere feelings, loyalty this word- the main character traits of Masha Mironova. For the sake of love and friendship, she is capable of true heroism. Everyone who knows her likes her; Savelich calls her “Angel of God.”
The Grinevs' old servant, Savelich, is the personification of the bright folk character. He is characterized by truthfulness, good nature, courage, and human dignity. He selflessly serves his masters, all his desires, feelings and thoughts are subordinate to his masters. He looks at everything through the eyes of his masters, and therefore Pugachev for him, common man, - a villain and a fraudster.
The fortress was inhabited by people of a different kind, opposed to the “old guard”.
Officer Shvabrin is a representative of a noble family. This is a typical brilliant guards officer, a rich nobleman, not devoid of intelligence, but who received a superficial education. He is spoiled, accustomed to the fact that all his desires are fulfilled. In addition, Shvabrin is an envious person, a coward and an arrogant egoist, who became a supporter of Pugachev, not for ideological, but for selfish reasons.
In the images of the inhabitants of the Belogorsk fortress, the author seeks to convey to readers his idea that the “indigenous” nobility, who did so much in creating the Russian state, pushed away from power, disillusioned, retains the best class properties, and the “new nobility” in the person of Shvabrin , which acquired political and economic power, deprived of nobility, conscience, honor and love for the homeland.
Historical story"Captain's daughter" - last piece A.S. Pushkin, written in prose. This work reflects all the most important themes Pushkin's creativity late period– the place of the “little” person in historical events, moral...
“The Captain's Daughter” is the last major work by A. S. Pushkin on a historical theme. The theme of the novel - the peasant uprising of 1773-1775 - is as natural and important in the ideological and creative evolution of the poet as the theme of Peter I and the theme of 1812. But,...
In the historical story “The Captain's Daughter” A. S. Pushkin refers to XVIII century, to the peasant uprising led by Emelyan Pugachev. The action in the work takes place in 1772-1775. Pushkin believed that the story should contain “historical...
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin created a whole gallery in his work female characters. His heroines are very different: passionate and impetuous, like Zarema and Zemfira from the poems “The Bakhchisarai Fountain” and “Gypsies”, gentle and timid, loving and faithful, like Marya Troekurova...
Visually imagine the picture that is contained in just one phrase: “The river has not yet frozen, and its lead waves sadly blackened in the monotonous banks covered with white snow.” Describe the epithets used here.
Leaden waves create a sharp contrast with the white shores covered with snow. Before us is a landscape of the beginning of winter, depicted graphically. It is very reminiscent of an engraving, and its outline creates an unsettling mood. Not only do the colors of the beginning of winter appear before the viewer, but a certain mood is also created. Thus, the epithet lead conveys the heavy movement of freezing water.
Read the description carefully and compare it with the imaginary fortress that Petrusha expected to see. How could the idea of a mighty fortress be formed in the minds of a minor?
Petrusha read little, but even in the fairy tales that he could hear from his mothers and nannies, there were fairytale palaces and impregnable fortresses. They are always depicted in our minds as mighty, made of powerful stones and with their walls and towers stretching upward. It’s worth imagining such a fortress for a moment, and then rereading the description of the poor and neglected structure that the Belogorsk fortress was. At the same time, you will immediately feel the strength of the disappointment that should have gripped Petrusha.
Describe the first appearance of the new officer at the commandant of the fortress. With what feeling does the narrator describe this scene? How is this description related to the second epigraph of the chapter (“Old people, my father”)? Let us remember that these are words from “The Minor” by D.I. Fonvizin. Who says this phrase in a comedy?
Let's not forget that the story is narrated from the perspective of Pyotr Grinev, who has matured and remembers his youth. The scene of Petrusha’s appearance at the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress is described with a feeling of sympathy and a slight smile from the elder over the naive ignorant who found himself in a new situation. The simplicity and patriarchal nature of the life of the inhabitants of the fortress evokes affection and helps to immediately appreciate the new participants in the events of the story. These are truly "old people". But such a definition in no way detracts from their dignity. The patriarchal nature of everyday life and the strict adherence to customs only support the atmosphere of sympathy that arises when reading.
There is no irony in the epigraph to the chapter. Let us remind you that these are the words of Mrs. Prostakova from the comedy “The Minor” (act three, scene V).
Give portraits of those “old people” whom Grinev recognized in the Belogorsk fortress.
The story about the people whom Pyotr Grinev recognized in the Belogorsk fortress can be told in the order of their appearance on the pages of the chapter. The first was an “old invalid” who, sitting on a table, sewed a patch onto the elbow of his green uniform. He immediately said to the newcomer: “Enter, father, our houses.”
The “old lady in a padded jacket,” who, together with the “crooked old man in an officer’s uniform,” was unwinding the threads, was Vasilisa Egorovna, the wife of the commandant, the main person in this provincial little world.
She tells Grinev about Shvabrin and summons the constable Maksimych, a young and stately Cossack.
Grinev gets used to his new surroundings. It becomes obvious to the reader that the relations of people in the Belogorsk fortress are completely determined by the words from “The Minor.”
Those who wish can prepare a story - a genre sketch of the life of the Belogorsk fortress in Peaceful time.
The story about the peaceful course of life in the Belogorsk fortress may well coincide with the retelling of Chapter III “Fortress”. It is worth talking about the very modest strengthening, the patriarchal nature of life, and the inextricable connection with official decisions, which are still made in peacetime, about how the military service goes. You can introduce into this story, for example, a description of how the hut was chosen for Grinev’s residence. “Take Pyotr Andreich to Semyon Kuzov. He, a swindler, let his horse into my garden.” This is the motive for the newly arrived officer to stay.
Read carefully short description landscape opening from the window of Semyon Kuzov’s hut, to which Grinev was assigned to billet. What role does this description play in the chapter?
The place where Grinev was assigned to live was located at the very edge of the fortress, on the high bank of the river. “The sad steppe stretched out before me. Several huts stood diagonally; several chickens wandered along the street. An old woman, standing on the porch with a trough, called to the pigs, who answered her with a friendly grunt.” This description prepared the reader to understand the state of the young officer: “And this is the direction in which I was condemned to spend my youth!”
Describe the participants in the conversation about Pugachev and his uprising. What was primarily discussed in this conversation?
The conversation about the uprising took place over dinner and was of the most relaxed nature. At the same time, all participants in this conversation touched on the topic of military danger only in passing, not considering that trouble could threaten their fortress. They talked in much more detail about the courage of Vasilisa Yegorovna and the fact that Masha is a big coward.
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Describe Pugachev’s departure from the Belogorsk fortress. Pugachev's departure from the fortress looked solemn. The drums were beating. Banners fluttered. Pugachev scattered money to the crowd. At the same time, he instructed Grinev to announce to the governor and generals that he would be in Orenburg in a week. How did Savelich try to defend his master's property? Explain the behavior of a devoted servant. What episodes complement this scene? Savelich gave Pugachev a list of things that were lost during the destruction of the hut in which Grinev lived. He hoped that good attitude Pugacheva
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The story "The Captain's Daughter" is written in the form of memoirs of the main character - Pyotr Grinev. Petrusha's childhood was carefree and free, he "lived as an undergrowth, chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog with the yard boys." But upon reaching the age of sixteen, his father decides to send Peter to serve in the army. Petrusha was happy about this, because he hoped to serve in St. Petersburg, in the guard, and was sure that life there would be as easy and carefree as in his native
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin - not only great poet, but also a wonderful writer. Proof of this is his story "The Captain's Daughter". The epigraph to it is taken from the proverb “Take care of your honor from a young age.” And the reader immediately understands that one of the main themes of the work is the theme of honor and dishonor. This topic is illustrated using the example of diametrically opposed characters - Grinev and Shvabrin. The story is written in the form of memoirs of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev about his youth and meeting with Pugachev. Childhood and
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The narration is told on behalf of the memoirist Pyotr Andreevich (“Andreich”) Grinev, who describes his life in 1772-1774. In 1772 he was sixteen years old. Petrusha was sent to serve in the linear Belogorsk fortress, where he was promoted to ensign. Here he meets the daughter of the captain of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress, Maria Ivanovna Mironova. Masha was eighteen years old. She was round-faced, ruddy, with light brown hair, combed smoothly. When she met Petrusha, her ears burned. Novel (immortal work)