Scientists have never been able to come to a conclusion unanimous opinion about who the ancestors of people are, debates in scientific circles have been going on for more than a century. The most popular is the evolutionary theory proposed by the famous Charles Darwin. Taking it as true that man is a “descendant” of the ape, it is interesting to trace the main stages of evolution.
Evolutionary Theory: Human Ancestors
As already mentioned, most scientists are inclined to agree with the evolutionary version that explains the ancestors of people, if you rely on this theory, are apes. The transformation process took over 30 million years, the exact figure has not been established.
The founder of the theory is Charles Darwin, who lived in the 19th century. It is based on factors such as natural selection, hereditary variability.
Parapithecus
Parapithecus is the common ancestor of humans and monkeys. Presumably these animals inhabited the earth 35 million years ago. These are the ones that are currently considered to be the initial link in the evolution of apes. Dryopithecus, gibbons and orangutans are their “descendants”.
Unfortunately, scientists know little about ancient primates; the data was obtained through paleontological finds. It was found that tree monkeys preferred to settle in trees or open spaces.
Dryopithecus
Dryopithecus - ancient ancestor man, descended, if we rely on the available data, from Parapithecus. The time of appearance of these animals is not precisely established; scientists suggest that this happened approximately 18 million years ago. Semi-terrestrial apes gave rise to gorillas, chimpanzees and australopithecines.
Establish that Dryopithecus can be called an ancestor modern man, helped by studying the structure of the animal’s teeth and jaw. The material for the study was the remains found in France in 1856. It is known that the hands of Dryopithecus allowed them to grab and hold objects, as well as throw them. Apes settled primarily in trees and preferred a herd lifestyle (protection from attacks by predators). Their food consisted mainly of fruits and berries, which is confirmed by the thin layer of enamel on the molars.
Australopithecus
Australopithecus is a highly developed ape-like ancestor of man who inhabited the earth presumably about 5 million years ago. The monkeys used their hind limbs to move and walked in a semi-extended position. The height of the average australopithecus was 130-140 cm, and taller or shorter individuals were also found. Body weight also varied - from 20 to 50 kg. It was also possible to establish the volume of the brain, which was approximately 600 cubic centimeters, this figure is higher than that of apes living today.
Obviously, the transition to upright posture led to the release of the hands. Gradually, the predecessors of man began to master primitive tools used to fight enemies and hunt, but they had not yet begun to manufacture them. The tools used were stones, sticks, and animal bones. Australopithecines preferred to live in groups, as this helped them effectively defend themselves from enemies. Food preferences were different; not only fruits and berries were used, but also animal meat.
Outwardly, Australopithecus looked more like apes than humans. Their bodies had thick hair.
A skilled man
Homo habilis was practically no different in appearance from Australopithecus, but was significantly superior to it in development. It is believed that the first representative of the human race appeared approximately two million years ago. The remains were first found in Tanzania in 1959. The brain volume possessed by Homo habilis exceeded that of Australopithecus (the difference was approximately 100 cubic centimeters). The height of the average individual did not exceed 150 cm.
These descendants of Australopithecines earned their name primarily because they began to make primitive tools. The products were mainly stone and were used during hunting. It was possible to establish that meat was constantly present in the diet of Homo habilis. A study of the biological characteristics of the brain allowed scientists to assume the possibility of speech rudiments, but this theory has not received direct confirmation.
Homo erectus
The settlement of this species occurred approximately a million years ago; the remains of Homo erectus were discovered in Asia, Europe, and Africa. The brain volume possessed by representatives of Homo erectus was up to 1100 cubic centimeters. They were already capable of making signal sounds, but these sounds still remained inarticulate.
Homo erectus is known primarily for his success in collective activity, which was facilitated by an increase in brain volume in comparison with previous stages of evolution. Human ancestors successfully hunted large animals and learned to make fire, as evidenced by piles of charcoal found in caves, as well as charred bones.
Homo erectus had the same height as Homo habilis and was distinguished by the archaic structure of the skull (low frontal bone, sloping chin). Until recently, scientists believed that representatives of this species disappeared about 300 thousand years ago, but recent discoveries refute this theory. It is possible that Homo erectus saw the appearance
Neanderthals
Not long ago it was assumed that Neanderthals were the direct ancestors. However, recent evidence suggests that they represent a dead-end evolutionary branch. Representatives of Homo neanderthalensis had a brain whose volume was approximately equal to the volume of the brain with which modern people. Outwardly, Neanderthals no longer closely resembled monkeys; the structure of their lower jaw indicates the ability to articulate speech.
It is believed that Neanderthals appeared about 200 thousand years ago. The places of residence they chose depended on the climate. These could be caves, rocky overhangs, river banks. The tools that Neanderthals made became more advanced. The main source of food remained hunting, which was practiced in large groups.
It was possible to find out that Neanderthals had certain rituals, including those associated with the afterlife. It was among them that the first rudiments of morality arose, expressed in concern for their fellow tribesmen. The first timid steps were taken in such a field as art.
Homo sapiens
First representatives Homo sapiens appeared approximately 130 thousand years ago. Some scientists suggest that this happened even earlier. Externally, did they look almost the same? just like the people inhabiting the planet today, the volume of the brain did not differ.
Found as a result archaeological excavations artifacts make it possible to argue that the first people were highly developed from a cultural point of view. This is evidenced by such findings as cave painting, various decorations, sculptures and engravings created by them. It took Homo sapiens approximately 15 thousand years to populate the entire planet. The improvement of tools led to the development of a productive economy; such activities as animal husbandry and agriculture became popular among Homo sapiens. The first large settlements belong to the Neolithic era.
Humans and monkeys: similarities
The similarities between humans and great apes are still the subject of research. Monkeys are able to move on their hind limbs, but use their arms as support. The fingers of these animals do not contain claws, but nails. The number of ribs of an orangutan is 13 pairs, while representatives of the human race have 12. The number of incisors, canines and molars in humans and monkeys is the same. It is also impossible not to note the similar structure of organ systems and sensory organs.
The similarities between humans and apes become especially clear when we consider the ways of expressing feelings. They demonstrate sadness, anger, and joy in the same way. They have a developed parental instinct, which manifests itself in caring for the cubs. They not only caress their offspring, but also punish them for disobedience. Monkeys have excellent memory and are able to hold objects and use them as tools.
Humans and monkeys: main differences
Not all scientists agree that apes are the ancestors of modern humans. on average is 1600 cubic centimeters, while this figure in animals is 600 cubic centimeters. cm. The area of the cerebral cortex also differs by approximately 3.5 times.
List the differences associated with appearance, it can take a long time. For example, representatives of the human race have a chin and turned out lips, allowing one to see the mucous membrane. They do not have prominent fangs, and their VID centers are more developed. Monkeys have a barrel-shaped chest, while humans have a flat chest. A person is also distinguished by an expanded pelvis and a strengthened sacrum. In animals, the length of the body exceeds the length of the lower limbs.
People have consciousness, they are able to generalize and abstract, use abstract and concrete thinking. Representatives of the human race are capable of creating tools and developing areas such as art and science. They have a linguistic form of communication.
Alternative theories
As already mentioned, not all people agree that monkeys are the ancestors of humans. Darwin's theory has many opponents who present more and more new arguments. There are alternative theories that explain the appearance of Homo sapiens on planet Earth. The oldest theory is creationism, which implies that man is a creation created supernatural being. The appearance of the creator depends on religious beliefs. For example, Christians believe that people appeared on the planet thanks to God.
Another popular theory is cosmic. She says that human race is of extraterrestrial origin. This theory considers the existence of people as the result of an experiment conducted by cosmic intelligence. There is another version that says that the human race originated from alien creatures.
Light Trinity – Essence, Substance and Life
Christianity brought to modern times the concept of the Holy Trinity, components which are God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Spirit. This trinity reflects reality with absolute accuracy and speaks of the existence of the god of the children of Israel - Yahweh, his son, who became the god of Christians - Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit - the energy-information field. But the canonical explanation of the Christian Trinity goes beyond the reality we have outlined and squeezes it into more ancient, pagan ideas:
“There is One God - the Father of the living Word, self-existent wisdom, One Lord, God from God - the image and expression of the Divinity, and One Holy Spirit, who comes from God and appears through the Son.
The difference between the Persons of the Holy Trinity is as follows: God the Father is not born and does not come from another Person; The Son of God is eternally born from the Father; The Holy Spirit proceeds eternally from the Father.
The Three Hypostases or Persons of the Eternal Trinity are of absolutely equal Divine dignity.”
Pagan religion speaks quite specifically about the Holy Trinity. The most understandable explanation of its essence is given in the texts of the ancient Indian Upanishads:
“He who continually creates worlds is threefold. He is Brahma - the father; he is Maya - Mother; he is Vishnu - the Son. Essence, Substance and Life. Each contains the other two, and all three are one in the Unnamed.”
"The sacred syllable AUM", the Vedic Trimutri, the Egyptian Osiris with Isis and their son Horus - this is the Holy Trinity of different regions of antiquity, personifying the same physical phenomenon. In English, German and Russian, the word “table” is pronounced differently, but this does not change the thing itself.So in pagan religion - no matter what the Holy Trinity is called, it characterizes the trinity of the universe: the matter of the Universe - the essence, the totality of the antineutrinos of the Universe - substance and their generation - the energy-information field that creates life. All together - this is the Unnamed One, whose name is the Creator.
The Christian religion, trying to attach its Trinity to the pagan Trinity, makes a mistake. It lies in an incorrect assessment of the essence of Yahweh and his son Jesus Christ.
The understanding of the Holy Trinity came to paganism from antediluvian civilization and was preserved for a long time by the priests of pagan religions. That is why all the ancient peoples of the world had clear ideas about the Creator. But the closer society came to modernity, the more the essence inherent in the pagan religion moved away from people. Knowledge of the physical essence of deities was lost and they all became simply gods, whom their ancestors worshiped for some unknown reason.
Now it is difficult for us to understand on what the omnipotence of the ancient Indian god Indra was based. And it was based on the knowledge that he personified the force of gravity. Similarly, the physical essence of all the gods of pagan religions was consigned to oblivion.
The transformation of ideas about deities is the result of the loss of ancient knowledge by people who survived the flood
Thus, the transformation did not follow the path of improving ideas about the Creator and the deities of antiquity - there was an emasculation of the elements of knowledge about them. The Apostle Paul pointed out the degradation and eclipse of truth. The process of loss of knowledge was global, clear scientific ideas turned into “legends of deep antiquity” and became incomprehensible to anyone.
“700 years before the birth of Christ,- writes E.P. Blavatsky, - in the schools of Pythagoras, the doctrine of the true movement of the earth, its shape and the whole heliocentric system was taught, and in 317 AD Lactinius, the mentor of Crips Caesar, son of Constantine the Great, taught his student that the earth is flat, this plane is surrounded by the sky, which consists of fire and water".
A. Men said that in religious - historical process there were two opposite paths: the path from God and the path to God. His statement is wrong: there was only one way - from God.The loss of ancient knowledge is natural, and this pattern follows from the degradation of the descendants of people who survived the flood. It is typical for the entire period of existence modern civilization, starting from the moment of its inception. The same pattern is the emergence of modern world religions. They arose during a period of virtually complete loss of knowledge, and even under the influence on people’s consciousness external factors.
The Bible is one of the books of antiquity that speaks of God in human form. It contains many moments of personal communication between Yahweh and individual representatives of the chosen people. Long time: from the time of Abraham until about 700 BC, he looked after the Jews and guided them on the true path. Jesus Christ continued the work of his father, in appearance no different from his earthly environment.
Were the deities gods?
None of the representatives of science and religion were interested in the fact of the existence of personal gods, and therefore no one tried to subject this most important aspect modern religions critical analysis. It is not clear why the Almighty God, who created and is responsible for the entire Universe, pays personal attention to the smallest particle in the world of stars - planet Earth. Even more incomprehensible is his attitude towards the planet's population. God, before whom everyone should be equal, abandons the peoples of the world to the mercy of fate and chooses, unknown on what grounds, the only one. And considering that, as religion claims, he personally created Adam and Eve and is the progenitor of all humanity, his partiality is absolutely illogical and unfair. There is no doubt about the reliability of the Bible texts about the communication of people with God. Doubts arise only about whom the Jewish tribes deified and who they called by this word. Already one acquaintance with the tests describing the descent of Yahweh to earth makes one doubt the divine essence of the one who descended from heaven:
“On the third day, when morning came, there were thunder and lightning, and a thick cloud over the mountain, and a very strong sound of a trumpet... And Mount Sinai smoked because that the Lord descended on her in fire; and the smoke rose from it like the smoke of a furnace. And the sound of the trumpet grew stronger and stronger.”.
After all the thunder, fire and smoke, the “house of God” remained standing on the mountain.It should be obvious even to a person without imagination: the text contains a description of the landing spaceship.
And now the roar of engines, fire and smoke escaping from the nozzle are constant attributes of the takeoff of the “houses” in which the equipment and members of space expeditions are located.
The word “house” means a structure for protection from external factors. The use by God of the ancient Jews of a spaceship for protection from the space he himself created is in no way compatible with the concept of God - the Creator of all things. For him, any environment he creates must be suitable for living. But for all other living beings, whose body functions by adapting to certain conditions, the influence of factors other than these conditions is destructive. They need isolation from the external environment.Thus, the “house of God” that descended on Mount Sinai could only be used by intelligent beings representing one of the forms of organic life in the Universe.
There is no doubt: the biblical “sons of God”, the ancient Indian “celestials” and the god Yahweh are representatives of the same group of intelligent beings who laid the foundation to the human race. The memory of them was preserved for a long time by almost all peoples of the world. The inhabitants of Babylon and Egypt called them kings, the ancient Chinese - emperors, the Greeks and Plato - gods, the natives of America - the sons of the Sun, the Persians - the sons of Wisdom. The Hindus were closest to the truth, calling them “celestials.” But how would the peoples ancient world they weren't namedall of them are representatives of extraterrestrial civilization.
The leading religions of the world: Judaism, Christianity and Islam call Yahweh the Most High God, i.e. they see him as the supreme deity of the Universe. But the Old Testament, the basis of these religions, does not agree with this formulation of the question. It says that Yahweh was never the Most High God, there is an elder above him and there are many like him. To understand what has been said, it is enough to think about one of his texts:
“You loved righteousness and hated iniquity, therefore Your God has anointed You with the oil of gladness more than Your companions»
.
All this happens after the “house of God” has ascended into heaven, i.e. after the return of a space expedition of representatives of an extraterrestrial civilization to their home planet. The semantic content of the text is that the ruler of the planet of celestials singled out Yahweh from all members of the expedition, recognizing his activities on Earth as the most successful.
Living chimpanzees and gorillas are our closest relatives—according to scientists, we share 98% of our genes. Man and these monkeys have a common ancestor, from which the evolutionary branch leading to man usually begins. Scientists named it Dryopithecus(in Latin - “tree monkey”), because he lived in trees. IN 1856. In France, parts of the skeleton of this ancestor of chimpanzees, gorillas and humans were found.
During the life of Dryopithecus - approximately 10-12 million years ago - a significant part of the land was affected by climate change: tropical jungles disappeared and were replaced by areas devoid of forests. This circumstance could not but affect the way of life of animals. Some retreated under the cover of the disappearing forest, others tried to adapt to life in the open area. This is how life forced Dryopithecus “to descend from the trees to the ground.”
Australopithecus(in Latin - “southern monkeys”), who lived in the steppes of Africa approximately 3-5 million years ago, took two more steps from animal to human. Their first “achievement” was bipedalism, as evidenced by the structure of the pelvic bones of Australopithecus. Walking on two legs, by the way, brought a lot of inconvenience to a person. The speed of his movement immediately slowed down, and childbirth became painful (unlike four-legged animals). But, apparently, the advantages of this method of transportation outweighed. What were they? The two forelimbs—the arms—were freed. Now they could hold stones and sticks.
Australopithecus, apparently, had already begun to process stones and, although very ineptly and primitively, turn them into tools. In addition to stones, they also used sticks, large bones, and antelope horns. They could, for example, drive away an antelope from the herd and kill it, or drive a predator away from its prey. Thus, the second achievement of Australopithecus was production and regular use of primitive tools.
The third “achievement” of Australopithecus was gradual loss of a “coat of thick wool”. Appropriate in the humid jungle, in the hot and dry savannah it only got in the way, making it difficult to cool the body.
The first Australopithecus skull was discovered in South Africa in 1924, and the most complete skeleton, in which 40% of the bones were preserved, in 1974 in Ethiopia. It belonged to a 40-year-old woman who lived 3 million years ago, whom scientists nicknamed “Lucy.”
The next on the evolutionary ladder is already the “first man,” the first representative of the Homo genus. This Hskillful man(Homo habilis). In 1960, the English anthropologist Louis Leakey found some of the most ancient tools, created by human hands. It must be said that even a primitive stone ax looks next to them the same as an electric saw next to a stone axe. These tools are just pebbles split at a certain angle, slightly pointed (such splits of stone do not occur in nature). The age of the “Oldowai pebble culture,” as scientists called it, is about 2.5 million years!
Man made discoveries and created tools, and these tools changed man himself, decisive influence on its evolution. For example, the use of fire made it possible to radically “lighten” the human skull and reduce its weight. Food cooked over a fire, unlike raw food, did not require such powerful muscles to chew it, and weaker muscles no longer required the parietal crest to attach to the skull. The tribes that made the best tools (like later more developed civilizations) defeated the tribes lagging behind in their development and drove them into barren areas. The production of more advanced tools complicated internal relationships in the tribe and required greater development and brain volume.
Another branch of the evolution of the Homo genus, which, according to biologists, is higher than “homo habilis”, is HHomo erectus(Homo erectus). This type includes Pithecanthropa(in Latin - “ape-man”), Sinanthropa(“Chinese man” - his remains were found in China) and some other subspecies. They are often called ape people. “Homo erectus” no longer fled in panic from the fire, like all the other animals, but started it himself (however, there is an assumption that the “skillful man” was already maintaining a fire in smoldering stumps and termite mounds); not only split, but also hewed stones, and used processed antelope skulls as utensils. The clothes of the “skillful man” apparently were the skins of killed animals. His right hand was more developed than his left. Likely, he spoke primitive articulate speech.
And, finally, the species to which people living today belong - Hreasonable man(Homo sapiens). Homo sapiens(Cro-Magnon) at the time of its appearance was simply a representative of one of several competing lines. It was not predetermined that he would succeed in the arena of evolution. Direct competitors of Homo sapiens were Neanderthals. They were distinguished by their shorter stature, short neck, stocky build, and the presence of brow ridges, but their main morphological difference from Homo Sapiens was the structure of the brain. Although the brain of Neanderthals was not inferior in volume to the brain of Cro-Magnons, its structure was different: Homo sapiens had more developed frontal lobes, which are responsible for speech and logical thinking, while Neanderthals had more developed parietal areas, where the centers responsible for coordination of movements are located. Nevertheless, Neanderthals had primitive speech and further religious ideas (since they buried their relatives, strictly oriented their bodies to the cardinal points).
Back in the early 90s of the 20th century, it was believed that Homo sapiens appeared 40 thousand years ago, but then, as the number of archaeological finds increased, the dates began to shift down the chronological ladder - 60, 100, 150 thousand years ago... Today, most scientists believe that the future winner in the evolutionary race arose about 200 thousand years ago. While our main competitor, the Neanderthal, disappeared about 30 thousand years ago.
His mother Eshmoah, daughter of Elishua son of Hanoch, married Lemech in 1055 /2705 BC/ ( Sefer ayashar; Seder Hadorot).
Born in 1056, when his father Lemech was 182 years old ( Bereshit 5:28). Born without foreskin - “circumcised” ( Avot derabhi Nathan 2:5; Shoher tov 9).
Methuselah called him Noah, and his father gave him the additional name Menachem, saying: “This one will bring us comfort ( yenahmeinu)» ( Bereshit 5:29; Sefer ayashar; Yalkut Shimoni, Bereshit 42).
He studied with his grandfather Methuselah, who was the ruler of all mankind ( Seder Hadorot).
During that period of history, many inhabitants of the earth perverted their ways, ceasing to follow the instructions of the wise Methuselah. According to the Torah, moral decay began with the fact that “the sons of the rulers ... took women for themselves, everyone they chose” ( Bereshit 6:2, Rashi). “Any breach begins with the leaders of a generation,” and then the sons of kings and nobles began to take other people’s wives by force. They also committed fornication with men and with cattle ( Bereshit Rabbah 26:5, Maarzo) - the wicked “crossed livestock with wild animals and animals with livestock, and all animals with people, and people with all animals” ( Sanhedrin 108a). Many women in that generation walked around exposing their flesh and making up their eyes, like harlots, and men were defiled by all kinds of debauchery - openly and right on the street, having sex even with their mothers and daughters ( Pirkei Derabi Eliezer 22). And it was precisely those who were called upon to monitor compliance with the law who carried out the most outrageous acts - and there was no one to stop them ( Ramban, Bereshit 6:2).
For many years Noah lived in solitude, trying to protect himself from the influence of the wicked of his generation. He intently studied the books of Adam and Hanoch in order to learn the ways of serving the Creator ( Zohar 1, 58b), - and the Torah says that “Noah found favor in the eyes of the Lord” ( Bereshit 6:8).
IN 1536 year /2224 BC/ Noah received a prophecy: the Almighty revealed to him that if humanity does not repent of its crimes and does not return to a righteous way of life, then after 120 years it will be destroyed by the waters of the flood ( Bereshit 6:3, Rashi; Sefer Ayashar). After all, the Creator “never carries out judgment in the world until He announces it and notifies the defendants,” as He “notified the generation of the flood through Noah” ( Zohar 1, 58a).
Day after day, Noah and his grandfather Methuselah, who also received a similar prophecy, called on their contemporaries to repent, but they were not listened to ( Sefer Ayashar). Noah said: “Repent! Otherwise, the Creator will bring a flood on you, and your bodies will float on the waters like skins!” ( Sanhedrin 108a, Rashi). He spoke to crowds of people, but one day he felt that embittered listeners were planning to kill him. And then he fled in fear from populated areas ( Seder Hadorot).
That same year, the Almighty commanded Noah to build big ship- an ark on which he can be saved on the day of the global catastrophe ( Bereshit 6:14, Rashi; Seder Hadorot). Noah immediately planted cedar seedlings of the type indicated to him ( gopher), so that, when they grow up, to build from them the body of the ark, which should, according to the command of the Most High, reach three hundred cubits (approx. 150 m) in length and fifty (approx. 25 m) in height ( Bereshit 6:14-15; Bereshit Rabbah 30:7, Radal; Otsar Ishei HaTanach, Noah).
IN 1554 year /2206 BC/, at the age of 498 years, Noah, following the direct command of the Almighty, married Naamah, the daughter of the righteous Hanoch and the sister of Methuselah, who by that time was already 580 years old ( Sefer ayashar; Seder Hadorot). According to another version, Naama came from the family of Cain ( Bereshit servant 23:3; Rashi, Bereshit 4:22).
IN 1556 year /2204 BC/ Noach had his first-born son Yephet, in 1557 a second son, Ham, and a year later, a third son, Shem ( Bereshit 5:32, Rashi; Sanhedrin 69b; Seder Hadorot).
When the mighty cedars grew, people began to ask Noah why he planted them. And he explained that the Almighty intends to destroy the earth with a flood, and in order to be saved, he needs to make an ark from these cedars. But everyone laughed at him ( Tanhuma, Noah 5).
IN 1604 year /2156 BC/ Noah began to build the body of the ark ( Pirkei Derabi Eliezer 23).
IN 1651 year /2109 BC/ Noach's father, Lemech, died, and in the same year the last righteous people of his generation passed away. Of all those who served the Creator, only the family of Noach and his grandfather Methuselah remained.
That same year, Noach began finishing the ark, a work that continued for five years.
He again and again warned people about the impending catastrophe, but they did not listen to him and said: “If a flood and pestilence should fall, it would only be on this man’s family.” After all, in short term His father Lemekh and many other decent people died. Noach was dishonored and disgraced in every possible way - in that generation he was called Mizaya Sava(“disgraced old man”) ( Bereshit servant 30:7; Sanhedrin 108b).
At the very beginning 1656 /2104 BC/, when work on the ark was finally completed, Noah took wives for his sons - the three daughters of Eliakim, the son of Methuselah ( Sefer ayashar; Seder Hadorot). Shortly after the weddings, 11 Cheshvan 1656 year, Methuselah died, and for seven days Noah and his family were in mourning.
But even on the day of Methuselah’s death, Noah was again awarded a prophecy, and the Almighty said to him: “Enter you and your whole family into the ark, for I have seen you righteous before Me in this generation” ( Bereshit 7:1; Seder Hadorot).
In subsequent years, Noach settled in a country that later became known as Italy. There he devoted all his time to the attainment of wisdom ( Seder Hadorot). In particular, he compiled a book on medicine, in which he included healing methods and recipes for medicinal potions, which he received from an angel Rephael (Otsar Ishei HaTanach, Noah).
Bnei Noah - descendants of Noah
The descendants of Noah's three sons settled the spacious valley together Shinar in the area between the Tigris (Khidekel) and Euphrates ( Bereshit 11:2).
IN 1788 year /1972 BC/ Noach's great-grandson Nimrod reigned over them, and in 1791 /1969 BC/ they began to build a city in this valley, later called Bavel (Babylon), and in it - ( Bereshit 11:4; Sefer ayashar, Noach; Seder Hadorot).
This entire generation left the service of the Creator of the world: people worshiped various forces of nature, embodied in sculptures made of wood or stone ( Sefer Ayashar, Noach).
Only four pious people distanced themselves from all of humanity, maintaining faith in a single Creator - and these were Noah, his son Shem, Shem’s great-grandson Eber, and Eber’s descendant Abram (forefather Abraham) ( Otsar Ishei HaTanach, Shem). From 1958 to 1997 / from 1802 to 1763 BC / Abram lived and studied in the house of Noah ( Sefer ayashar, Noach; Seder Hadorot).
IN 1996 year /1764 BC/ the descendants of Noach were forced to stop building the Tower of Babel, and the Almighty scattered them throughout the earth ( Bereshit 11:8-9).
From them came seventy major nations: 14 from Yephet, 30 from Ham and 26 nations from Shem ( Bereshit 10:1-32; Seder Olam Rabbah 1; Seder Hadorot).
Before Noah died, he divided the land between his three sons, and the country in which Mount Moriah is located was given to him youngest son Shemu ( Rashi, Bereshit 12:6, Siftei Hachamim; Otsar Ishei HaTanach, Shem).
In the midrash, Noah is named one of the three righteous people who laid the “foundations of the world”: Adam, Noah and Abraham ( Shoher tov 34:1).
Noah died in 2006 year /1754 BC/ at the age of 950 years ( Bereshit 9:29; Seder Hadorot).
Compiled by him Book of Healing (Sefer Refuot)) passed into the custody of his son Shem ( Otsar Ishei HaTanach, Shem). According to some commentators, this book was used in the Land of Israel back in the era of the First Temple, but then, by order of King Hezkiyah, it was withdrawn from use, because people relied so much on the healing remedies indicated in it that in case of illness they did not ask the Creator for support at all and healing ( Pesachim 56a, Rashi; Seder Hadorot).
According to numerous sources, the remains of Noah's Ark have survived to this day. The Almighty saved them so that evidence of the global flood would remain on earth ( Yalkut Shimoni, Beshalach 256).
The historical chronicle Seder Hadorot states that the “Mounts of Ararat” referred to in the Torah verse are four peaks arranged in two pairs. The mountain range on which the ark landed at the end of the flood was called Kadron in ancient times, and the largest mountains were Cardenia and Armenia. Not far from them was the capital city of Armenia ( Targum Jonathan, Bereshit 8:4).
For many generations, people used the remains of the ark as a healing agent ( Seder Hadorot). The Talmud tells that the Assyrian king Sancheriv worshiped as an idol one of the logs, broken off from the ark and brought to his palace ( Sanhedrin 96a). The son of the first minister of Persia, Haman, Parshandat, was a governor in the country of Cardenia (Armenia), and it was he who brought to the royal capital of Persia Shushan (Susa) a log from the Ark of Noach, reaching a length of 50 cubits (approx. 25 meters). On this pillar Haman planned to hang his main enemy, the Jewish sage Mordechai, and subsequently Haman himself was strung up on it ( Esther 7:9-10, Yalkut Shimoni, Beshalach 256). And as a result of the events that happened at that time, the cheerful Jewish holiday Purim arose. The Babylonian historian Berusus testified that “part of Noach’s ship is still in Armenia, near Mount Kardenia.” Already in our time the remains of the ship were seen a whole series researchers, as well as pilots flying over the Ararat Mountains, and photographs were taken ( Emet Meerets Titzmach 2, pp. 60-62).
This conclusion was reached by scientists who, as part of a scientific expedition led by a famous traveler professors Ernst Muldashev explored burial mounds, bottomless lakes, menhirs and graves of giants in Bashkiria (read “AiF” Nos. - for 2015 etc.). This allowed us to conclude that the Bashkir epic “Ural Batyr” was not written from scratch, but based on real events that took place in ancient times. But the most curious thing was the assumption that there was more than one Adam and more than one Eve on Earth. Professor Muldashev shared it with AiF readers.
Did people come from the Bashkirs?
"AiF": Many peoples have ancient legends about the origin of humanity. Many nations are convinced that they are its ancestors. Having studied the epic “Ural-Batyr”, where Adam and Eve appear under other names, do you think that humanity originated from... the Bashkirs?
Ernsta Muldashev: I was recently in Macedonia, where my books have been translated. There we were given a lecture on the topic that humanity originated from the Macedonians. I heard the same thing in Mexico, Indonesia and even Easter Island. And some Bashkir scientists are trying to prove the same thing. At the same time, scientists of this kind use the similarity of some words to the criterion of truth. different languages. For example, among the Bashkirs there is a clan called Katai, the name of which is consonant with the word “China”, in connection with which it is hypothesized that ancient china, which includes the citadel of humanity Tibet, was created by the Bashkirs from the Katai clan.
—Where do you think so many nations and languages came from? After all, it would be more reasonable if all people spoke the same language.
— If you follow the logic of such texts as the English “Silmarillion” or the Bashkir “Ural Batyr”, then you can understand that in ancient times there was a multi-intelligent world. Various intelligent forms lived in it: angels, people, hobbits, gnomes, divas, dragons and other creatures who could communicate with each other using a certain common language. Such a world was created, apparently, so that there would always be competition between life forms and devilish pride would not appear.
However, as is clear from ancient writings, the multi-intelligent world is mired in continuous wars. In this regard, God decided to create a mono-intelligent world and transfer the reins of government to one of the intelligent life forms - people. But God also provided a system of competition here, creating many nations and languages so that they would compete for leadership in the world. Now the English nation is in the lead, but no one knows what will happen in the future.
— Do you want to say that every nation has its own Adam and Eve?
- No. Babylonian Adam and Eve were 11-meter giants. Ural-batyr was also a giant. What kind of nation can we talk about here, because now there are no giants.
In my opinion, the giants of the past are a universal phenomenon, rooted in the civilizations of the Atlanteans and Lemurians, who had no nationality. The growth of the Atlanteans reached 5-7 meters, and the Lemurians - 10-20 meters. The Atlanteans and Lemuirians, in our opinion, are still in a state of samadhi, or self-preservation of the human body, which, according to Tibetan lamas, can last for thousands and millions of years.
Moreover, I want to say that samadhi, which is well known in the Himalayas and Tibet, exists in other places on the planet. Just remember the “grave” of the 5-meter giant, in which, according to Bashkir legends, he is in a sitting position, characteristic of samadhi. How can one not think about this phenomenon, and not in the Himalayas, but in Bashkiria! How can one not think that samadhi has a worldwide distribution, called the gene pool of humanity!
They'll be back
— Do you believe that Adams and Eves, being representatives of previous civilizations and being giants, appeared here and there on the surface of the earth, emerging from the state of samadhi?
- That's exactly what I think.
—For what purpose do the giants of the past come to the surface?
- It seems to me that it is not at all for the purpose of reproducing. Otherwise we would also be giants. Most likely, their goal is to correct the human genome, that is, to “introduce gene culture” so that humanity does not deviate somewhere, does not go wild, for example, or... does not “go blue.”
IN recent years There is a lot of discussion about the so-called wave genome, that is, about genes transmitted using bioenergetic waves. I think that giants who have emerged from the state of samadhi can do this due to the divine spells inherent in previous civilizations. And the concept of “Adam’s rib” is, apparently, a metaphor that speaks of the introduction of an ancient and true principle into the lost genome of humanity.
Folk legends have preserved information about the Babylonian Adam and Eve. But... there were probably many Adams and Eves in different corners Earth. And only ancient epics and legends tell us this.
—Can Adam and Eve appear in modern times?
- Probably yes. It is not for nothing that in Indian mythology they talk a lot about the coming of a new prophet - Maitreya - soon.