PICTURE (WORK OF PAINTING)
a work of painting that has a complete character (as opposed to a sketch or sketch) and independent artistic significance. Unlike fresco or book miniature, K. is not necessarily associated with a specific interior or a specific decoration system. It consists of a base (canvas, wooden or metal board, cardboard, paper), primer and a paint layer. K. is one of the most typical types of easel art.
Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB. 2012
See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what a PICTURE (WORK OF PAINTING) is in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:
- PAINTING in Miller's Dream Book, dream book and interpretation of dreams:
If a picture appears in front of you in a dream, it means that trouble will happen to you at the same time and you will be deceived. If in a dream you... - WORK in the Dictionary of Modern Physics from the books of Green and Hawking:
B. Green The result of multiplying two ... - PAINTING in the Glossary of Terms visual arts:
- a work of painting that has independent artistic significance and has the property of completeness (in contrast to a sketch or sketch). Consists of a base... - WORK
OFFICIAL - see SDUZHEBNS WORK... - WORK in the Dictionary of Economic Terms:
AUDIOVISUAL - see AUDIOVISUAL WORK... - PAINTING in Statements of famous people:
- PAINTING in the Dictionary One sentence, definitions:
- an intermediary between an object or phenomenon and a thought. Samuel... - PAINTING in Aphorisms and clever thoughts:
an intermediary between an object or phenomenon and a thought. Samuel... - WORK
in mathematics, the result of multiplication. Often, for brevity, the product of n factors a1a2...an is denoted (here - the Greek letter "pi" - the symbol ... - PAINTINGS in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- WORK in big Soviet encyclopedia, TSB:
in mathematics, the result of multiplication... - PAINTING V Encyclopedic Dictionary Brockhaus and Euphron:
any work of a painter that is complete in content, regardless of the type of content, ranging from historical or religious to the depiction of inanimate nature (nature... - PAINTING in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
, -y, w. 1. A work of painting. Paintings by Russian artists. Hang pictures. 2. The same as the film (in 2 characters) (colloquial). 3. ... - WORK in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
. -I, Wed 1. see produce. 2. Creation, a product of labor, in general, what is done is fulfilled. Perfect, exemplary item (masterpiece). P. … - WORK
PRODUCT (math.), the result of multiplication. Often, for brevity, P. n factors a 1 a 2 ... a n are denoted (here P ... - PAINTINGS in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
PAINTING, SCULPTURE AND ARCHITECTURE INSTITUTE, see St. Petersburg Academy of Arts ... - PAINTING in the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia:
? any work of a painter that is complete in content, regardless of the type of content, ranging from historical or religious to the depiction of inanimate nature... - WORK
work, work, work, work, work, work, work, work, work, work, work, ... - PAINTING in the Complete Accented Paradigm according to Zaliznyak:
karti"on, karti"us, karti"ny, karti"n, karti"not, karti"us, karti"well, karti"us, karti"noy, karti"noyu, karti"us, karti"not, ... - PAINTING in the Anagram Dictionary:
rubbing - ... - PAINTING in the Popular Explanatory Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Russian Language:
-y, w. 1) A work of art painted with paints on canvas, board, paper. Exhibition of paintings. Often these loved ones live in such distant... - PAINTING
Canvas... - PAINTING in the Dictionary for solving and composing scanwords:
Part of the act in... - WORK
1. Syn: composition, link, node 2. Syn: creation (raised), creation (high), labor, work 3. Syn: thing, opus, composition, work, ... - PAINTING in the Thesaurus of Russian Business Vocabulary:
1. Syn: image, drawing, diagram, pattern 2. Syn: film, movie, motion picture (off.), cinema (informal), film strip (off.), tape... - WORK in the Russian Language Thesaurus:
1. Syn: composition, link, knot 2. Syn: creation (raised), creation (high), labor, work 3. Syn: thing, ... - PAINTING in the Russian Language Thesaurus:
1. Syn: image, drawing, diagram, pattern 2. Syn: film, film, motion picture (off.), cinema (informal), film strip (... - WORK
creation, creation, work, business, product, craft, action, brainchild, fruit, preparation, manufactured product. Best Work- a masterpiece, a pearl of creation; prot.: . Wed. ... - PAINTING in Abramov's Dictionary of Synonyms:
image, watercolor, panel, pastel, landscape, canvas, sketch, sketch, head, nature-morte; mosaic. Wed. . See the view... - WORK
Syn: composition, link, node Syn: creation (high), creation (high), labor, work Syn: thing, opus, composition, work, ... - PAINTING in the Russian Synonyms dictionary:
Syn: image, drawing, diagram, pattern Syn: film, film, motion picture (off.), cinema (informal), film strip (off.), tape... - WORK
1. Wed. 1) The process of action according to meaning. verb: produce (1,2), produce. 2) a) That which is produced, developed, manufactured. b) Product... - PAINTING in the New Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by Efremova:
and. 1) A work of painting in paints. 2) Cinematic or television film. 3) transfer Something that is a series of images that differ... - WORK
product, ... - PAINTING in Lopatin’s Dictionary of the Russian Language:
picture,... - WORK
work, … - PAINTING in the Complete Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language:
painting, … - WORK in the Spelling Dictionary:
product, ... - PAINTING in the Spelling Dictionary:
picture,... - WORK
creation, product of labor, creativity of P. art. Literary work result, result... - PAINTING in Ozhegov’s Dictionary of the Russian Language:
something that can be seen, observed, or imagined in concrete images of nature. Pictures of childhood. picture Colloq == movie N2... - PICTURE in Dahl's Dictionary:
wives the picture - the night will detract. picture, contemptuous picture, stolen. pictorial image, esp. in paints; | oral or written live and bright... - WORK
in mathematics, the result of multiplication. Often, for brevity, the product of n factors a1a2…an is denoted (here the Greek letter “pi” is the symbol ... - PAINTINGS in the Modern Explanatory Dictionary, TSB:
INSTITUTE OF SCULPTURE AND ARCHITECTURE. I. E. Repin, St. Petersburg, founded in 1757 as the Educational School at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. Prepares painters... - WORK
works, cf. 1. Action according to verb. produce in 4 digits (rare in 1, 2 and 3) - produce (book rare). ... - PAINTING V Explanatory dictionary Russian language Ushakov:
paintings, w. 1. A work of painting in paints. Conversation piece. Watercolor painting. 2. Cinematic film. 3. A number of images that are distinguished by clarity and... - WORK
work 1. cf. 1) The process of action according to meaning. verb: produce (1,2), produce. 2) a) That which is produced, developed, manufactured. b) ... - PAINTING in Ephraim's Explanatory Dictionary:
picture g. 1) A work of painting in paints. 2) Cinematic or television film. 3) transfer What is a series of images... - WORK in the New Dictionary of the Russian Language by Efremova:
I Wed. 1. process of action according to ch. produce 1., 2., produce 2. That which is produced, produced, manufactured. Ott. Product of creativity. ...
“Art is the same need for a person as eating and drinking. The need for beauty and creativity, which embodies it, is inseparable from man,” wrote F. M. Dostoevsky.
Indeed, history shows that man has always been inseparable from art. In the mountains, in caves different countries ancient rock paintings have been preserved around the world. These expressive drawings of animals and hunters were made back in the days when people did not know how to write.
Monuments of art tell us what enormous significance it had in the life of man and human society. The ancient Greeks created a wonderful myth about the muses - eternally young sisters who personified the arts and sciences. Melpomene is the muse of tragedy, Thalia - comedy, Terpsichore - dancing, Clio - the muse of history... The myth tells that when the god Apollo - the patron of art, poetry and music - appeared accompanied by the muses, then all nature listened to their singing... Music, museum - these the words come from the word Muse.
The poetic myth about the sister muses has not lost its meaning. Each type of art has its own means of expression: in music it is sound, in fine art it is color, line, etc., in literature it is the word. But the related essence of all types is that art is one of the forms of social consciousness, which is based on figurative reflection phenomena of reality.
To the fine arts related to visual perception, include: painting, graphics and sculpture. These arts create an image on a plane (painting and graphics) and in space (sculpture).
We call a painting, drawing, print, sculpture that has independent meaning, that is, not associated with any artistic ensemble or with a purely practical purpose easel works. This definition comes from the word “machine” (in in this case- easel) on which the canvas is placed when a picture is painted. And even the fact that the painting must be inserted into a frame emphasizes the independence, that is, the isolation of easel painting from environment. The frame separates the painting and creates the opportunity to perceive it as an independent artistic whole. Some easel paintings are reproduced in the book.
Unlike easel monumental painting by its purpose and nature it is related to architectural ensemble. Frescoes, mosaics, panels, stained glass windows are organically included in the architecture, complementing and enriching decoration interior or entire building. Excellent samples monumental painting are Raphael's frescoes in the Vatican Palace, Michelangelo's paintings Sistine Chapel. The highest level monumental painting reached in Byzantine and Old Russian art.
Nowadays, monumental painting is widely used in palaces of culture, clubs, theaters, metro stations, train stations, etc. Many of you have seen mosaics in the metro, created according to sketches by P. Korin, A. Deineka and other Soviet masters. Interior paintings of the Bus Station and the Museum of the Armed Forces in Moscow (artist Yu. Korolev), paintings of the Tsiolkovsky Museum in Kaluga (a group of artists led by A. Vasnetsov), stained glass windows by Lithuanian masters, embossed panels Georgian artists decorated many new buildings in our cities.
Monumental art has gained international fame modern Mexico. The mosaics of Siqueiros and other major artists reflect the heroic struggle of the Mexican people for their independence.
It is not always possible to draw a sharp line between an easel and a monumental work of art. This is explained by the fact that easel painting often has a monumental quality. And monumental works sometimes have independent significance, being perceived as finished easel paintings.
There is also a very large area of decorative and applied arts. These are artistically made furniture, dishes, clothes, fabrics, carpets, embroideries, jewelry etc. However, some types of decorative arts (tapestry, embossing, decorative sculpture) can also be considered as independent works. Painting that is intended to decorate or reveal the design and purpose of an object and does not clearly have independent meaning is called decorative.
Thus, painting is divided into easel, monumental and decorative.
What is painting?
Painting is a type of fine art, works of which are created using paints applied to any surface.
“Painting is not just some kind of fantasy. It is work, work that must be done conscientiously, as every conscientious worker does,” Renoir argued.
Painting is amazing miracle making everyone accessible art materials into the most diverse visible images of reality. Mastering the art of painting means being able to depict real objects of any shape, different color and material in any space.
Painting, like all other forms of art, has a special artistic language, through which the artist reflects the world. But, expressing his understanding of the world, the artist simultaneously embodies his thoughts and feelings, aspirations, aesthetic ideals in his works, evaluates the phenomena of life, explaining their essence and meaning in his own way.
IN works of art different genres of fine art created by painters use drawing, color, light and shade, expressiveness of strokes, texture and composition. This makes it possible to reproduce on a plane the colorful richness of the world, the volume of objects, their qualitative material originality, spatial depth and light-air environment.
The world of painting is rich and complex, its treasures have been accumulated by humanity over many millennia. The most ancient works of painting were discovered by scientists on the walls of caves in which they lived primitive people. The first artists depicted hunting scenes and animal habits with amazing accuracy and sharpness. This is how the art of painting on the wall arose, which had features characteristic of monumental painting.
There are two main types of monumental painting - fresco and mosaic.
Fresco is a technique of painting with paints diluted with clean or lime water on fresh, damp plaster.
Mosaic is an image made of particles of stone, smalt, ceramic tiles of homogeneous or different materials, which are fixed in a layer of soil - lime or cement.
Fresco and mosaic are the main types of monumental art, which, due to their durability and color fastness, are used to decorate architectural volumes and planes (wall paintings, lampshades, panels).
Easel painting (picture) has an independent character and meaning. Breadth and completeness of coverage real life is reflected in the diversity of types and genres inherent in easel painting: portrait, landscape, still life, everyday, historical, battle genres.
Unlike monumental painting, easel painting is not connected to the plane of the wall and can be freely exhibited.
The ideological and artistic meaning of works of easel art does not change depending on the place where they are located, although their artistic sound depends on the conditions of exposure.
In addition to the above types of painting, there are decorative paintings - sketches theatrical scenery, scenery and costumes for cinema, as well as miniatures and iconography.
To create a miniature work of art or a monumental one (for example, a painting on a wall), the artist must know not only the constructive essence of objects, their volume, materiality, but also the rules and laws of the pictorial representation of nature, the harmony of color, and color. 
In a pictorial image from nature, it is necessary to take into account not only the variety of colors, but also their unity, determined by the strength and color of the light source. No spot of color should be introduced into the image without matching it with the overall color state. The color of each object, both in light and in shadow, must be related to the color whole. If the colors of the image do not convey the influence of the color of the lighting, they will not be subject to a single color scheme. In such an image, each color will stand out as something extraneous and alien to a given state of illumination; it will appear random and ruin the color integrity of the image.
Thus, the natural color unification of paints by the general color of lighting is the basis for creating a harmonious color structure of the picture.
Color is one of the most expressive means used in painting. The artist conveys on the plane the colorful richness of what he saw, with the help of color form he cognizes and reflects the world. In the process of depicting nature, a sense of color and its many shades develops, which allows the use of paints as the main means of expression painting.
The perception of color, and the artist's eye is able to distinguish more than 200 of its shades, is perhaps one of the happiest qualities that nature has endowed man with.
Knowing the laws of contrast, the artist navigates those changes in the color of the depicted nature, which in some cases are difficult to catch by the eye. The perception of color depends on the environment in which the object is located. Therefore, the artist, when conveying the color of nature, compares the colors with each other, ensuring that they are perceived in interconnection or mutual relations.
“Taking light-and-shadow relationships” means preserving the difference between colors in lightness, saturation and hue, according to how it occurs in nature. 
Contrast (both in light and color) is especially noticeable on the edges of adjacent color spots. The blurring of the boundaries between contrasting colors enhances the effect of color contrast, and the clarity of the boundaries of the spots reduces it. Knowledge of these laws expands technical capabilities in painting, allows the artist, with the help of contrast, to increase the intensity of the color of paints, increase their saturation, increase or decrease their lightness, which enriches the painter’s palette. Thus, without using mixtures, but only contrasting combinations of warm and cold colors, you can achieve a special coloristic sonority of the painting.
When creating a picture, the artist relies on nature, but in this process the creative imagination plays an important role. The concept of a painting is applied primarily to works of a plot-thematic nature, the basis of which is the depiction of important historical, mythological or social events, human actions, thoughts and emotions in multi-figured complex compositions. Therefore, painting plays a leading role in the development of painting.
The painting consists of a base (canvas, wooden or metal board, plywood, cardboard, pressed board, plastic, paper, silk, etc.), onto which a primer and a paint layer are applied. The aesthetic perception of a painting benefits greatly when it is enclosed in an appropriate frame (baguette), separating the painting from the surrounding world. The eastern type of painting retains the traditional form of a free-hanging unfolded scroll (horizontal or vertical). The picture, unlike monumental painting, is not strictly connected with a specific interior. It can be removed from the wall and hung differently.
The pinnacles of art have been achieved in the paintings of outstanding painters. In the diverse movements of modernism, there is a loss of plot and a rejection of figurativeness, thereby significantly reconsidering the concept of a picture. More and more wide circle paintings XX century called paintings. Painting is one of the most typical types of easel art. Johann-Wolfgang Goethe wrote: “Paintings are not just a painted canvas, they affect feelings and thoughts, leave a mark on the soul, awaken premonitions.”
Reproduction or copy original painting may also be called a painting if, in the appropriate context, it does not matter whether it is a copy or an original work. For example, “there were several paintings hanging in the corridor.”
2) In figurative or more general meaning- any completed, integral work of art, including a living and vivid description, oral or written, of a beautiful view of nature.
3) In a musical theater work, a part of the act separated not by an intermission, but by a short pause, during which the curtain is briefly lowered.
4) In music - the designation of instrumental symphonic works, which are characterized by special concreteness and clarity of musical images; Sometimes such works belong to the genre of program music.
5) In construction, a roofing element whose edges are prepared for seam joints. Used in seam roofs. Depending on the technology, it is made by hand or machine methods. There are paintings for ordinary coverings, as well as paintings for eaves overhangs, wall gutters, gutters, valleys, etc.