I really love the novel “War and Peace”. I like its characters, events, reflections and the language in which the work is written. My grandmother says that she re-read the novel several times and always learned something new for herself, discovered other images and concepts. I don’t have such experience yet, but I do have favorite pages and favorite characters. I really like the episodes of Natasha’s name day, the pages where the completely naive Pierre does not participate in the struggle for the inheritance. I like how Pierre, lifting the massive marble table top, made " marble "Helen runs away from the living room screaming. I like the old Prince Bolkonsky and all his eccentricities. I like a lot in the novel. But my favorite pages are not about this - not about the world. But about the war. About the Russian people, about their love for their country and to Moscow.
I read with complete admiration those pages of “War and Peace”, which told about how Napoleon marched on Moscow and how the residents of Moscow reacted to his arrival. I was struck by the fact that the people for whom French was family, they refused not only to bring it to Poklonnaya Gora keys to the city (which deputations in European countries did without complaint), but also simply left the city. They abandoned their palaces filled with riches, wines, silver, furs and other treasures. Nobody wanted to be under the “USURPATOR”, an empty Moscow awaited Napoleon. The residents of Moscow “did that great deed that saved Russia” (as Tolstoy wrote)
And here is what happened in the house of the Rostovs, who also decided to leave Moscow:
“... daddy wanted to give away all the carts for the wounded,” said Petya. “Vasilich told me. In my opinion...
“In my opinion,” Natasha suddenly shouted, “this is such disgusting, such an abomination, such... I don’t know!” Are we some kind of Germans?.. - Her throat trembled with convulsive sobs, and she burst into the room like a storm and with quick steps went up to her mother.
- This is disgusting! This is an abomination! - she screamed. - It can't be that you ordered.
Mama, this is impossible; look what's in the yard! - she screamed. - They remain!..
- What happened to you? Who are they? What do you want?
- The wounded, that's who! This is impossible, mamma; this doesn’t look like anything... No, Mama, my dear, this is not the same, please forgive me, my dear... Mama, what do we need, what are we going to take away, just look at what’s in the yard... Mama !.. This can’t be!..
Oh, do as you wish! Am I disturbing anyone? - said the countess, not yet suddenly, giving up.
- Mama, my dear, forgive me!
But the countess pushed her daughter away and approached the count.
“Mon cher, you do the right thing... I don’t know that,” she said, lowering her eyes guiltily.
“Eggs... eggs teach chickens...” the count said through happy tears and hugged his wife.
- Daddy, mummy! Can I make arrangements? Is it possible?.. - asked Natasha. “We’ll still take everything we need...” said Natasha.
The Count nodded his head affirmatively at her, and Natasha ran into the yard at the same fast pace she used to run into the burners.
People gathered around Natasha and until then could not believe the strange order that she conveyed, until the count himself, in the name of his wife, confirmed the order that all carts should be given to the wounded, and chests should be taken to storerooms. "
These pages contain everything: patriotism, selflessness, recklessness and thoughtlessness (after all, Natasha’s dowry was on the carts, and the family was ruined.) But how beautiful are these noble impulses. How we love the impractical Rostovs for them!
Tolstoy's novel can teach us a lot. I will re-read it again and again.
“I don’t know how to answer your question,” says Pierre. “I absolutely don’t know what kind of girl this is; I can't analyze it at all. She's charming. Why, I don’t know: that’s all that can be said about her.” This answer was heard by Marya Bolkonskaya, who asked him to tell him about Natasha Rostova. Tolstoy showed the secret of the charm of this heroine through the richness of her nature.
The common favorite of the family, Natasha, overflowing with love, affection and joy for the people around her, settles into the reader’s soul from the first pages of the novel. At first it is a “potion-girl”, a “Cossack”, then a “remarkably pretty girl”, at the end of the work it is not “just a person”, but “completely different, higher” (according to Pierre), an exemplary wife and mother who is “to the extreme conveys her love to her husband and children.”
One of the secrets of the heroine’s charm is that she has her own world, which Tolstoy gradually reveals to us.
Natasha is a noblewoman, an aristocrat. However, moving among the nobility, she is close to the people and their poetry with all her being. folk music, songs and dances captivate her. In Mikhailovka, she freezes, listening to her uncle perform the Russian song “On the Pavement Street” on the guitar. The heroine is seized by a passionate desire to dance. “Well, well, darling, uncle,” Natasha moaned in a pleading voice.”
This episode captivated me the most. “Natasha threw off the scarf that was draped over her, ran ahead of her uncle and, putting her hands on her hips, moved her shoulders and stood.”
I, along with Nikolai and those present there, were afraid for the heroine, worrying “that she would do the wrong thing.” “She did the exact same thing and so precisely that Anisya Fedorovna... burst into tears.”
Tolstoy portrays Natasha’s dance as an instinctive penetration into the innermost secrets of the people’s soul, which this “countess” was able to accomplish, who danced only salon dances with shawls and never danced folk dances.
Most of all, I, like Anisya Fedorovna and my uncle, am amazed at how Natasha “knew how to understand everything that was in Anisya, and in Anisya’s father, and in her aunt, and in her mother, and in every Russian person.”
Together with Tolstoy, I never cease to wonder “where, how, when, from that Russian air that she breathed, this countess, raised by a French emigrant, sucked into herself this spirit, where did she get these techniques that pas de chale should have been forced out a long time ago? But these spirits and techniques were the very same, inimitable, unstudied, Russian ones that her uncle expected from her.”
In the development of Natasha’s character, not only her family, upbringing and people close to her played a role, but also Russian customs, traditions, and mores folk life, with which the life of the Rostovs was closely connected.
Natasha’s musical talent revealed itself in a new quality in Mikhailovka, where she wholeheartedly enjoyed the purely Russian, village life, the playing and singing of her uncle, who “sang as the people sing, with that complete and naive conviction that the whole meaning lies in the song.” in the words that the melody is only for the purpose.”
In the image of Natasha Rostova, folk elements that are still preserved in some places in the patriarchal noble environment are poeticized.
The girl is spontaneous and spontaneous, like nature itself. She's in highest degree inherent feeling of closeness to everything Russian, to everything folk - and to native nature, and to ordinary Russian people, and to Moscow, and to Russian song and dance.
That is why the heroine is happy because she felt her closeness with the people. “You know,” she suddenly said, “I know that I will never be as happy and calm as I am now.”
Reading these pages, we admire Natasha Rostova, as Tolstoy admires her, showing her deep, sincere, poetic, active nature. She has an inner instinct that draws her to those, sometimes unconscious, selfless actions in which her spiritual impulses are revealed, directed towards life, towards people, she has the ability to always guess what needs to be done and how. The heroine brings joy to people because she believes in the possibility of happiness. Looking at Natasha, it is easier to learn to be a person who loves life.
It is the Epilogue, the embodiment of Tolstoy's voice, that convinces most of all of the improperly direct speech. II Interaction of figurative and expressive means in L. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace” The complex structure of the content of L. N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace” is conveyed not by individual figurative and expressive means and techniques, but by their varied and simultaneous use, forming wholes. ..
Flesh from the flesh of nature. Everything that happens in nature finds a response in their souls. The heroes discover their “own” sky, which is associated with important, sometimes epoch-making changes in their souls. Important principle psychological analysis image of dreams. So, Pierre's dreams, for example, are very mental, rational. In them he sees his weaknesses, in them solutions come to him. In Prince Andrei's dream those...
In all its purity and strength. Only the recognition of this feeling in him made the people, in such strange ways, choose him, an old man in disgrace, against the will of the king, as a representative people's war" 3. Victory and its heroes In the novel, Tolstoy expresses his thoughts about the reasons for Russia’s victory in the War of 1812: “No one will argue that the reason for the death of Napoleon’s French troops was, with...
... , "to infinity". But as a result of the author’s tireless and intense work, a novel emerged that constituted an entire era in the history of Russian culture. True and false patriotism in the novel “War and Peace” The novel “War and Peace” in genre terms is an epic novel, since Tolstoy shows us historical events, which cover a large period of time (the novel begins in 1805, ...
“I don’t know how to answer your question,” says Pierre. “I absolutely don’t know what kind of girl this is; I can't analyze it at all. She's charming. Why, I don’t know: that’s all that can be said about her.” This answer was heard by Marya Bolkonskaya, who asked him to tell him about Natasha Rostova. Tolstoy showed the secret of the charm of this heroine through the richness of her nature.
The common favorite of the family, Natasha, overflowing with love, affection and joy for the people around her, settles into the reader’s soul from the first pages of the novel. At first it is a “potion-girl”, a “Cossack”, then a “remarkably pretty girl”, at the end of the work it is not “just a person”, but “completely different, higher” (according to Pierre), an exemplary wife and mother who is “to the extreme conveys her love to her husband and children.”
One of the secrets of the heroine’s charm is that she has her own world, which Tolstoy gradually reveals to us.
Natasha is a noblewoman, an aristocrat. However, moving among the nobility, she is close to the people and their poetry with all her being. Folk music, songs and dances captivate her. In Mikhailovka, she freezes, listening to her uncle perform the Russian song “On the Pavement Street” on the guitar. The heroine is seized by a passionate desire to dance. “Well, well, darling, uncle,” Natasha moaned in a pleading voice.”
This episode captivated me the most. “Natasha threw off the scarf that was draped over her, ran ahead of her uncle and, putting her hands on her hips, moved her shoulders and stood.”
I, along with Nikolai and those present there, were afraid for the heroine, worrying “that she would do the wrong thing.” “She did the exact same thing and so precisely that Anisya Fedorovna... burst into tears.”
Tolstoy portrays Natasha’s dance as an instinctive penetration into the innermost secrets of the people’s soul, which this “countess” was able to accomplish, who danced only salon dances with shawls and never danced folk dances.
Most of all, I, like Anisya Fedorovna and my uncle, am amazed at how Natasha “knew how to understand everything that was in Anisya, and in Anisya’s father, and in her aunt, and in her mother, and in every Russian person.”
Together with Tolstoy, I never cease to wonder “where, how, when, from that Russian air that she breathed, this countess, raised by a French emigrant, sucked into herself this spirit, where did she get these techniques that pasdechale should have been forced out a long time ago? But these spirits and techniques were the very same, inimitable, unstudied, Russian ones that her uncle expected from her.”
In the development of Natasha’s character, not only her family, upbringing and people close to her played a role, but also Russian customs, traditions, and mores of folk life, with which the life of the Rostovs was closely connected.
Natasha’s musical talent revealed itself in a new quality in Mikhailovka, where she wholeheartedly enjoyed the purely Russian, village life, the playing and singing of her uncle, who “sang as the people sing, with that complete and naive conviction that the whole meaning lies in the song.” in the words that the melody is only for the purpose.”
In the image of Natasha Rostova, folk elements that are still preserved in some places in the patriarchal noble environment are poeticized.
The girl is spontaneous and spontaneous, like nature itself. She is extremely characterized by a feeling of closeness to everything Russian, to everything folk - both to her native nature, and to ordinary Russian people, and to Moscow, and to Russian song and dance.
That is why the heroine is happy because she felt her closeness with the people. “You know,” she suddenly said, “I know that I will never be as happy and calm as I am now.”
Reading these pages, we admire Natasha Rostova, as Tolstoy admires her, showing her deep, sincere, poetic, active nature. She has an inner instinct that draws her to those, sometimes unconscious, selfless actions in which her spiritual impulses are revealed, directed towards life, towards people, she has the ability to always guess what needs to be done and how. The heroine brings joy to people because she believes in the possibility of happiness. Looking at Natasha, it is easier to learn to be a person who loves life.
War and Peace is a multifaceted work, but every reader has his favorite pages. For me, perhaps the most interesting thing is the reflection of historical events, their creative interpretation. The Battle of Borodino occupies a central place in the military-historical events of 1812. Tolstoy called the Battle of Borodino a mirror of the novel War and Peace. He attached exceptional importance to this battle. The Battle of Borodino is portrayed as a people's battle. The battle reveals the true beauty of the Russian man. L.N. Tolstoy claims that the Russians won a moral victory, which convinces the enemy of the moral superiority of his enemy and of his powerlessness. On Napoleonic France in this battle the hand of the strongest enemy was laid upon him. Tolstoy depicts the greatness of the feat of the fighting people and at the same time the hardships, disasters, and torments that war brings. Cities and villages are dying in the fires. It hurts to look at the broken rye, knocked out like hail, at the road laid by artillery across the arable land. What heavy hardships the Russian army and Russian peasants endured on their shoulders. The writer truthfully depicts people with faces disfigured by suffering, frightened and distraught soldiers, the misfortunes of the people and troops. But he calls all this a terrible necessity and speaks with love, pride and delight about those who endured difficult trials in the name of liberation native land. Kutuzov's words: Wonderful, incomparable people, these are the words of the author himself. If we take the pages where the Battle of Shengraben is described, we will see in these chapters the heroism of a man whom no one considers a hero, who himself least of all thinks about heroism. Different voices different destinies, life, interests. The battle ended, and the people who fought heroically returned to military everyday life... But from the soldiers’ fires the writer leads us to the hut where the generals gathered. Here the conversations are different. Everyone brags, lies, attributing unprecedented feats to themselves, emphasizing their role in the battle. Heroism and cowardice, simplicity and vanity were contradictorily intertwined in the thoughts and actions of the participants in the battle of Shengraben. Participants in military events appear before us on the pages of War and Peace as bearers of the highest moral values. Tolstoy considers the outbreak of war to be the greatest manifestation of evil: The war began, that is, an event contrary to human reason and all human nature took place. War is always a terrible thing. Individualism, immeasurable lust for power, thirst for fame and honor, combined with stupid indifference to people over whose corpses one can calmly walk to power, this is what Tolstoy condemns from the position of a purely moral feeling. The most dear to Tolstoy is the love unity of people whose lives are subordinated to a common goal. The author glorifies the war of 1812 as a fair one, aimed at protecting the Fatherland, but at the same time sharply condemns its inhumanity, like any war. He emphasizes that living life does not stop during the war, people continue to be guided by the personal interests of the present. The events of 1812 are depicted in the epic novel as a cruel, but necessary and ultimately beneficial hardening of the Russian people. That is why many of the characters in this work experience a kind of spiritual uplift in moments of danger. For example, the departure of the Rostov family from Moscow is marked by a feeling of change and disaster: ...they were cheerful because the war was near Moscow, that they would fight at the outpost..., that in general something extraordinary was happening, that is always joyful for a person, especially for the young. Pierre Bezukhov remains in fear and at the same time in joy in Moscow, which was deserted before the arrival of the French. This joyful revival in the face of danger is fulfilled in the novel of deep moral meaning. War changes the lives of heroes, rids them of many delusions, enriches them inner world. The war, forcing them to leave their usual path, unites the destinies of Nikolai and Marya, Pierre and Natasha. L.N. Tolstoy noted that he tried to write the history of the people.... This creative attitude explains not only the problems of the novel, but also its composition. Historical events serve as the background for the narrative about almost all the characters and ensure the development of the action. So, for example, Andrei Bolkonsky experiences almost his first huge moral shock on the field of Austerlitz, and his life ends during the Battle of Borodino. Gradually, the novel increases attention to the depiction of the people and historical episodes themselves. The description of events reflected the author's worldview. L.N. Tolstoy’s views on the role of the individual in history led to the denial of the importance of military science, politics, and the inability to explain the causes of such historical events as the Peace of Tilsit or the beginning of the War of 1812. The author created piece of art, and therefore, reinterpreted or even completely distorted some facts of history. The author himself admitted the presence of such errors. However, it is necessary to take into account that for L.N. Tolstoy the basic meaning was important; in accordance with his views, he gave preference to the general over the particular. That is why such inaccuracies that amazed his contemporaries and continue to amaze historians are insignificant for him. So, for example, Kutuzov, after Bagration was wounded, sends a new chief to take command of the first army. However, it is known that the first army was commanded by Barclay, while Bagration led the second army. For L. Tolstoy, the troops that took the first blow from the French and occupied the key left flank were the first in importance. Nikolai Rostov was awarded in 1805 the soldier's St. George Cross, which was established two years later. Other similar examples can be given. But all these inaccuracies do not in any way reduce the heroic and patriotic pathos of the pages of the epic novel, dedicated to the description of the era, the wars of 1805, 1807 and 1812. The author shows real people, events that actually happened through the eyes of fictional characters in order to capture a human perspective on history. L.N. Tolstoy brought together and combined specific facts and fiction, which allowed him to create truly unforgettable pictures of Russia’s past.
A.M. Bitter.
The last page of the novel by L.N. has been turned. Tolstoy’s “War and Peace”... Whenever you close a book you have just read, you are left with a feeling of deep regret. It’s like you’re losing something familiar and dear. And just like when you part with a person who has left a deep imprint on your soul, you involuntarily hope for a new date. This happened to me too. The first time I heard the names of Andrei Bolkonsky, Natasha Rostova and Pierre Bezukhov was back in childhood, so I was looking forward to the moment when we would study Tolstoy’s works at school. The work “War and Peace” became for me one of those books that amaze with life and creative discoveries. A reader of any age will find answers to any questions here, explain things he doesn’t understand, and “submit” Tolstoy's heroes, will perceive them as real people. What a phenomenal writer he is! Somewhere next to me, my favorite images exist and continue their path; you can see them and turn to them with painful problems. I re-read my dear pages again and again in order to once again feel their strength, tenderness, power, touchingness and desire to become better, purer, kinder.
One of my favorite episodes of the first volume was meeting Natasha Rostova. A thin, fragile girl, almost a child, in her family she was an outlet, a joy, a guardian angel for everyone, without making any effort. Lively, cheerful, with a constant sparkle in her eyes and a genuine interest in everything that surrounded her, she knew how to infect everyone with her optimism. Her every word and movement is dictated by sincerity and special intuition, unique only to her. She only does what she loves. Sings - and loves, dances - and loves again. She cries if dear Sonya cries, laughs and laughs if she wants to. Despite her ugliness in childhood and adolescence, Natasha attracts people.
Let us remember the episode when her brother Nikolai, having lost to Dolokhov, returns home detached and disappointed. But he hears Natasha’s singing, and gloomy thoughts leave him: “All this: misfortune, and money, and Dolokhov, and anger, and honor - all nonsense, but here it is real...”
The brightest, most touching pages of the novel, in my opinion, are dedicated to the love of Natasha and Prince Andrei.
With the soul of Pushkin's Tatiana,
Like a mountain stream, it’s bright,
To his fate from the lines of a novel
You came in as a fragile girl.
For the heroine, love is life itself, part of her soul. Andrei Bolkonsky’s feelings arise when he involuntarily overhears Natasha’s night conversation with Sonya in Otradnoye: “After all, such a lovely night has never happened!” For Prince Andrei, the miracle that nature conceals opens up. He, surprising himself, suddenly notices that he can no longer remain indifferent to this girl. She awakened something in him, touched the innermost strings of his soul. A sudden unity of feelings and thoughts arises at the ball: “Sitting next to her, talking with her about the simplest and most insignificant subjects, Prince Andrei admired the joyful sparkle of her eyes and smile, which related not to the spoken words, but to her inner happiness.”