Everyone has had memorable events in their lives: joyful and sad, long-awaited and unexpected, memorable and ordinary, public and personal. What significance do they have for us? What is their role in our lives?
The word "event" comes from the Old Slavonic "sbytisya", which appeared in the Russian language in the 11th century. Its meaning is obvious: it is “fulfillment”, “realization”. In other words, this is a fact that happened, happened. Synonyms of the word are: phenomenon, incident, fact, case, etc.
What is an event from a scientific point of view? Let's try to answer this question. The word "event" has different interpretations:
- this is an isolated case;
- psychobiographical, natural phenomenon;
- a fact of historical, global significance.
As a separate case
What is an event? It is often treated as an isolated case. Philosophy gives the following interpretation of this word: an event is any incident that has happened, is unique, and is determined by some essence.
From a modern point of view, an event is major fact, personal or public life. Such an event could be a mother’s anniversary, the opening of an exhibition famous artist etc.
What events happened in Europe in 2016? TO important facts include: Figure Skating Championships in Bratislava, elections State Duma in Russia, world forum in Davos, etc.
Psychobiographical phenomenon
The event may be a psychobiographical phenomenon. What is this event? Philosophy gives a definition: a psychobiographical phenomenon is a systemic totality meaningful descriptions taken as the unit of analysis and research of an individual life path.
The modern interpretation of this word is as follows: a psychobiographical phenomenon is a set of incidents that occur in the “history of life.” This includes studying the biography of famous personalities.
Important psychobiographical events in Europe in 2016 are considered: the celebration of the 150th anniversary of his birth in France, the 400th anniversary of the death of William Shakespeare in Great Britain, the 150th anniversary of the birth of Vyacheslav Ivanov in Russia, etc.
Natural phenomenon
What is an event? An event is a natural phenomenon. From a philosophical point of view, the unit of a natural phenomenon is a natural process. In nature, everything is a chain of events that interact and mutually limit each other.
IN modern interpretation A natural phenomenon is the result of natural processes that in a certain way affect people, the economy, and the environment. It can be biological, geological, physical, cosmological, etc.
What important events happened in Europe in 2016 that are worth noting? Such natural phenomena include: the largest supermoon in the last 68 years in Belarus, an exploding meteorite over Lake Baikal in Russia, a full solar eclipse in Indonesia, etc.
Fact of historical significance
The event is often viewed as a fact of historical significance. What is a historical event? Philosophical point vision suggests that real time does not exist. Facts should be viewed as a realm saturated with moments of the past and the future.
From a modern point of view, it is a historical fact - which has great value and influences the course of history. Such phenomena may be: presidential elections, signing of a decree of interstate significance, etc.
To the big ones historical facts that occurred in Europe in 2016, it is worth including: an attempted military coup in Turkey, terrorist attacks in Europe, the UK referendum on leaving the EU, etc.
A fact of global significance
An event is considered a fact of global significance. What is a global event? The philosophical point of view defines some facts as phenomena that occur at some point and are considered as a process of changing the world.
The modern interpretation of this word is as follows: an event of global significance is a set of social facts, interconnected, that changed the world. Phenomena of this scale can be disasters, epidemics, wars.
Such incidents in Europe in 2016 include: a plane crash in Rostov-on-Don, an earthquake in Italy. The armed conflict in Syria is the event of the century, which occurred in 2016.
Events occupy an important place in our lives. They are personal and public. Some of them are forgotten, others are remembered. They make life diverse, rich, and influence people’s plans. The course of history, economics, and politics depends on certain phenomena. Modern events are the engine of progress and evolution.
Events that imply important changes or periods of transition in various aspects human life. The classification includes events such as the loss of a spouse, divorce, retirement, etc. Because of their direct connection with significant changes in lifestyle, they are often called “critical events.” However general classification does not take into account the subtleties of an individual approach. For some people, divorce is a significant stage in their life's journey, with extremely painful and long-lasting consequences; others perceive the death of a pet or the unfair treatment of their superiors at work much more painfully. It should be noted that life events can also be those events that did not happen - for example, if a person was not promoted or did not go to college. Psychologists who support the model life events” view the changes that occur in adulthood and old age as a result of the critical events we experience and our attempts to adapt to these events. For example, changes in adulthood are considered less gradual and lasting than assumed in life course theory. Early models viewed life events as a source of pathology and stressors in a person's life. When tested on the Holmes and Reich Social Readjustment Scale, respondents indicate the most important events they experienced in the past twelve months. Each event is assessed according to the degree of its potential stress for the individual. As basic benchmarks, marriage is worth 50 points and death of a spouse is worth 100 points. Even Christmas is included in this list as a period of potential stress that can lead to significant financial and personal troubles. The greater the overall result, the higher the likelihood that a person will experience different psychological problems(the most common reaction is usually depression). According to more modern views on the nature of life events, they are not simply separate processes. Life events do cause an initial reaction of shock and disbelief (how would you take the news that you won 20 million in national lottery?) But then the person gets the opportunity to enter a new period of life, accumulating positive and constructive experiences about his experience. A life event must be made an integral part of being, without allowing it to dominate everyday activities. A widow becomes a “single woman,” and a disabled person becomes a “partially disabled person.” A person’s ability to survive such an event and develop a constructive attitude towards it is determined by his internal and external resources. They can be social (friends and relatives ready to help) and personal (health, self-esteem, psychological stability).
Life events
life events) – events that significantly change a person’s life ( schooling, marriage, acquisition of a profession, serious illness, loss of important values, transition from one age category to another, etc.). There is little research on children's reactions to life events. However, three stressful events: a) change of residence; b) changing schools and c) family crises (divorce, death of one of the parents) have been studied repeatedly, but have, however, given ambiguous results. It has been established, however, that children tolerate single stress or even a sequence of stress more easily than combined stress. It was also found that with age, negative emotional reactions in children become more frequent, and positive emotional reactions, as judged by children's reports, are associated with life events reflecting interactions with parents and peers.
Life events
life events) Researchers have long been striving to understand how a person and his environment influence each other, and, first of all, to describe and explain age characteristics behavior and individual differences. One such effort involves studying life-changing events. J. s. indicates the current patterns of life of a particular person or the need for their significant change. These events can occur in a variety of areas (family, health, work) and may be related to age (school, marriage, retirement), the course of history (war and economic recession), or the vicissitudes of an individual's life (illness, divorce). . Most publications devoted to the lives of adolescents and adults reflect the sociological tradition of assessing the impact of life. how to change the main roles, age transitions, acquisition and loss of status, etc. When an event occurs with many people of the same age, the probability of its occurrence is high, and this may become the basis for identifying the stage of anticipatory socialization. Such normative events were classified by some researchers depending on the nature of the environment, as biological, social or physical. Dr. specialists prefer to use the stress model when classifying. J. s. and talk about social, psychological. and physiologist. reactions to phenomena that carry harm, threat or challenge. Typically, people are asked to rank a variety of life events according to the degree to which they cause stress or change behavior, and then these ratings are analyzed to identify synchronicity, order, and clustering of events. Some theorists have suggested the existence of a basic structure of adult life. D. J. Levinson proposed a model of a universal sequence of periods and transitions in human development, within the framework of which Zh. have their impact. The primary task of a person in stable periods is to build a structure of life, making certain choices and directing his efforts to achieve certain goals. The main task during transition periods is to put an end to the existing structure of life and begin to create a new one, reevaluating previously made decisions and moving towards achieving new goals. Apparently, there may be a connection between affective positivity and control over life events. When events are assessed positively, people tend to believe that they controlled these events or influenced their course. It has also been suggested that conditions causing positive emotions, can increase an individual's ability to adapt to stress. In addition, the absence of negatively valenced events correlates with adjustment. Research children's reactions to J. s. are very few in number, and therefore we still do not have information about the normative patterns of such reactions. However, three stressful events in the lives of children - a change of residence, a change of school and family crises, such as divorce or the death of one of the parents - have nevertheless become the subject of systematic research, giving, however, ambiguous results. It has also been shown that children experiencing single stresses or even a sequence of stresses have less harmful consequences than experiencing combined stresses; In addition, boys suffer more from family discord and family breakdown than girls. It was found that with age, negative emotional reactions increase, and positive emotional reactions, as judged by reports, are associated with life history, reflecting interactions with parents and peers. See also Career Options, Development social behavior people F. Deutsch
The life of every person consists of a series of changing events, but sometimes events in a person’s life repeat themselves too noticeably. Usually, a person’s success is followed by failures, or simply a temporary lull. Everything in the world is balanced: nothing lasts forever.
People tend to believe in fate, destiny, coincidence. Some rely only on themselves, while others expect help from any passerby, but there is one fact that undoubtedly baffles even the most sane person. This is the cyclical nature of unfinished periods repeating in his life. By the way, you can also watch a video about this on our video channel.
A lot of articles have already been written about the cyclical repetition of events in human life, but I would like to touch on a slightly different side of its manifestation. Most often, people don’t even notice that similar events happen to them day after day, such is the current rhythm of life.
Not everyone would think of stopping while running and analyzing at least a day of their life, but some manage to do so. And they open very interesting facts and patterns.
Maybe you have noticed that events have happened in your life or people have appeared who repeat the previous ones in amazing little details. This is very unusual, but if you think about it, this has happened to every person at least once.
Have you ever wondered why this happens? Why does the situation repeat itself? Why do new relationships repeat the previous ones like two peas in a pod? Why does a new career follow the same pattern?
Why do life situations repeat themselves?
Well, there is an answer to this question, and it is much simpler than you imagine. To start a cycle of repeating life events, spontaneity and giving the event significance are needed.
A cycle is essentially a block that consists of our already lived thoughts. And we put this block at a moment of our greatest vulnerability, when we cannot control the course of our thoughts.If you find yourself thinking that this has already happened to you, then remember how it all ended. The repetition of the situation is given to us intentionally. This means we made a mistake in our past experience, or ended up in a way we shouldn’t have.
And this cycle will repeat itself, like a broken record, until we find the right decision puzzles. Nobody says it's easy. First of all, you need to understand yourself and listen to your inner world. The real you already knows the answers to all the questions, the main thing is to just listen to your Self.
How to get out of the circle of repeating situations in life?
And in order to get out of the circle of repeating situations in life, you will have to wean yourself from the habit of lying to yourself. As long as you play the game with yourself, absolutely nothing will be resolved, and the cycles will repeat endlessly.
What does it mean to not lie to yourself?- you ask.
This is very given time, a hackneyed phrase, but very necessary work above yourself. Take off the mask and be the way you, not society, want it, be in harmony with yourself, take responsibility for everything that happens around you. After all, every day begins with yourself. And you are not in the mood because the reason is inside, and not in the world around you.Think about how you can change your day today, making it more beautiful, not only for yourself, but also for other people.
Another factor for repeating cycles is your memories.
We all constantly hear that thoughts are material, that the past must be left in the past, and live, enjoying every second.
But this does not always work out. Every now and then various thoughts and memories from past experiences come into my head. It’s one thing to climb, but we are also starting to analyze it and consider other outcomes of the development of the situation.
What does repeating the past lead to?
Memories provoke repetition of situations from the past, since your tactile sensations and smell are added to simple memories. An exact projection of the time you remember is launched. And you force yourself to relive everything again. And, lo and behold! You will definitely get over it soon!
But in fact, the situation no longer exists, it is in the past. Why analyze it, clogging the brain with unnecessary information?
To get rid of the habit of living in the past, meditation will help. And it doesn’t have to be sitting in the lotus position. You can simply put on your favorite music, sit comfortably and close your eyes. Just, without thinking about anything, spend half an hour with benefit for yourself.
Repeating the fate of the parents
Also, repetition of the fate of parents is very common.
Here the pattern is the same as above, and only you yourself can complete this. Analyze what is happening, draw an analogy, and you will find a way out of this situation, because everything is much simpler than you think.
You shouldn’t rely on fate, feeling sorry for yourself, and you shouldn’t run around among magicians and healers in search of curses and evil eyes, throwing away fabulous sums. You can solve all such questions yourself by simply listening to yourself.
The main thing is to remember that all trials and troubles are for your benefit and not to get upset. After all, God gives each person those tests that he can withstand, that is, the tests of one person will not be identical to the tests of another person. And just as Life itself arranges tests at every stage, so wisdom comes with time, therefore the truth is revealed only to those who really try to comprehend it, but everything has its time.
The development of world history was not linear. At each stage there were events and periods that can be called “turning points.” They changed both geopolitics and people’s worldviews.
1. Neolithic revolution (10 thousand years BC - 2 thousand BC)
The term “Neolithic revolution” was introduced in 1949 by the English archaeologist Gordon Childe. Child called its main content the transition from an appropriating economy (hunting, gathering, fishing) to a producing economy (farming and cattle breeding). According to archaeology, the domestication of animals and plants occurred in different times independently in 7-8 regions. The earliest center of the Neolithic revolution is considered to be the Middle East, where domestication began no later than 10 thousand years BC.
2. Creation of the Mediterranean civilization (4 thousand BC)
The Mediterranean region was the birthplace of the first civilizations. The appearance of the Sumerian civilization in Mesopotamia dates back to the 4th millennium BC. e. In the same 4th millennium BC. e. Egyptian pharaohs consolidated the lands in the Nile Valley and their civilization quickly expanded across the Fertile Crescent to the east coast Mediterranean Sea and further throughout the Levant. This made Mediterranean countries such as Egypt, Syria and Lebanon part of the cradle of civilization.
3. Great Migration of Peoples (IV-VII centuries)
The Great Migration of Peoples became turning point history that determined the transition from antiquity to the Middle Ages. Scientists are still arguing about the causes of the Great Migration, but its consequences turned out to be global.
Numerous Germanic (Franks, Lombards, Saxons, Vandals, Goths) and Sarmatian (Alans) tribes moved to the territory of the weakening Roman Empire. The Slavs reached the Mediterranean and Baltic coasts and settled part of the Peloponnese and Asia Minor. The Turks reached Central Europe, the Arabs began their campaigns of conquest, during which they conquered the entire Middle East up to the Indus, North Africa and Spain.
4. Fall of the Roman Empire (5th century)
Two powerful blows - in 410 by the Visigoths and in 476 by the Germans - crushed the seemingly eternal Roman Empire. This jeopardized the achievements of the ancient European civilization. Crisis Ancient Rome did not come suddenly, but matured from within for a long time. The military and political decline of the empire, which began in the 3rd century, gradually led to the weakening of centralized power: it could no longer manage the sprawling and multinational empire. To replace to the ancient state Feudal Europe arrived with its new organizing center - the “Holy Roman Empire”. Europe plunged into the abyss of turmoil and discord for several centuries.
5. Schism of the church (1054)
In 1054, the final split of the Christian Church into Eastern and Western occurred. Its reason was the desire of Pope Leo IX to obtain territories that were subordinate to Patriarch Michael Cerullarius. The result of the dispute was mutual church curses (anathemas) and public accusations of heresy. The Western Church was called Roman Catholic (Roman Universal Church), and the Eastern Church was called Orthodox. The path to the Schism was long (almost six centuries) and began with the so-called Acacian schism of 484.
6. Little Ice Age (1312-1791)
Beginning of the Small ice age, which began in 1312, led to a whole environmental disaster. According to experts, during the period from 1315 to 1317, almost a quarter of the population died out in Europe due to the Great Famine. Hunger was a constant companion of people throughout the Little Ice Age. During the period from 1371 to 1791, there were 111 famine years in France alone. In 1601 alone, half a million people died in Russia from famine due to crop failures.
However, the Little Ice Age gave the world more than just famine and high mortality. It also became one of the reasons for the birth of capitalism. Coal became the source of energy. For its extraction and transportation, workshops with hired workers began to be organized, which became a harbinger of the scientific and technological revolution and the birth new formation public organization- capitalism. Some researchers (Margaret Anderson) also associate the settlement of America with the consequences of the Little Ice Age - people traveled for better life from “God-forsaken” Europe.
7. Age of Great Geographical Discoveries (XV-XVII centuries)
Age of the Greats geographical discoveries radically expanded the ecumene of humanity. In addition, it created the opportunity for the leading European powers to make maximum use of their overseas colonies, exploiting their human and natural resources and making fabulous profits from it. Some scholars also directly link the triumph of capitalism with transatlantic trade, which gave rise to commercial and financial capital.
8. Reformation (XVI-XVII centuries)
The beginning of the Reformation is considered to be the speech of Martin Luther, Doctor of Theology at the University of Wittenberg: on October 31, 1517, he nailed his “95 Theses” to the doors of the Wittenberg Castle Church. In them he spoke out against the existing abuses of the Catholic Church, in particular against the sale of indulgences.
The Reformation process gave rise to many so-called Protestant Wars, which seriously influenced the political structure of Europe. Historians consider the signing of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 to be the end of the Reformation.
9. The Great French Revolution (1789-1799)
The French Revolution, which broke out in 1789, not only transformed France from a monarchy into a republic, but also summed up the collapse of the old European order. Its slogan: “Freedom, equality, brotherhood” excited the minds of revolutionaries for a long time. French Revolution not only laid the foundations for the democratization of European society, it appeared as a cruel machine of senseless terror, the victims of which were about 2 million people.
10. Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815)
Napoleon's irrepressible imperial ambitions plunged Europe into chaos for 15 years. It all started with the invasion of French troops in Italy, and ended with an inglorious defeat in Russia. Being a talented commander, Napoleon, nevertheless, did not disdain the threats and intrigues with which he subjugated Spain and Holland to his influence, and also convinced Prussia to join the alliance, but then unceremoniously betrayed its interests.
During Napoleonic Wars the Kingdom of Italy, the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and a whole series other small territorial entities. The commander's final plans included the division of Europe between two emperors - himself and Alexander I, as well as the overthrow of Britain. But the inconsistent Napoleon himself changed his plans. The defeat in 1812 by Russia led to the collapse of Napoleonic plans in the rest of Europe. The Treaty of Paris (1814) returned France to its former 1792 borders.
11. Industrial revolution (XVII-XIX centuries)
The Industrial Revolution in Europe and the USA made it possible to move from an agricultural society to an industrial one over the course of only 3-5 generations. The invention of the steam engine in England in the second half of the 17th century is considered to be the conventional beginning of this process. Over time, steam engines began to be used in manufacturing, and then as a propulsion mechanism for steam locomotives and steamships.
The main achievements of the era of the Industrial Revolution can be considered the mechanization of labor, the invention of the first conveyors, machine tools, and the telegraph. The advent of railways was a huge step.
Second world war took place on the territory of 40 countries, and 72 states took part in it. According to some estimates, 65 million people died in it. The war significantly weakened Europe's position in global politics and economics and led to the creation of a bipolar system in world geopolitics. Some countries were able to achieve independence during the war: Ethiopia, Iceland, Syria, Lebanon, Vietnam, Indonesia. In countries Eastern Europe occupied by Soviet troops, socialist regimes were established. World War II also led to the creation of the UN.
14. Scientific and technological revolution (mid-20th century)
The scientific and technological revolution, the onset of which is usually attributed to the middle of the last century, made it possible to automate production, entrusting the control and management of production processes to electronics. The role of information has seriously increased, which also allows us to talk about an information revolution. With the advent of rocket and space technology, human exploration of near-Earth space began.
In general, I have already written, but sometimes particular cases of this very life can confuse a person, due to the lack of an answer to the question “why did this happen?” If you, like me, tend to analyze everything that happens in your life, then you inevitably come across situations, incidents and people whose presence in your life cannot be explained either from a logical, psychological, or any other point of view. another way. Again, if you, like me, are not satisfied with this state of affairs, you tend to continue to look for explanations for these phenomena, returning again and again to unexplained events of the past. As we know, being in the past mentally deprives us of a decent part of the real present, as it takes up both time and time. A general explanation like "this life experience"is also not always suitable, so I suggest you look into this difficult issue Today.
Explanation one, karmic
Without going into details, this is vital energy a person, which he brings with him into the world, being born in the next incarnation. Karma can be improved and ruined in one life, it can remain unchanged over several lives if a person does not change anything and does not learn any lessons. There is an opinion that all the people we meet in our lives, from loved ones, friends and colleagues, to one-time business partners and fellow travelers on an airplane, are those with whom we knew in a past life.
The concept of “joint karma” provides an explanation for the illogical choice of a partner that many people make. Almost every person has a friend or acquaintance who is married to a completely unbearable spouse - someone who treats him poorly, doesn’t care about him, etc. At the same time, the marriage is preserved, although everyone around him tells him that he lives with a monster. What does the doctrine of karma tell us in this case? That these two have some kind of karmic task, which they must “work off”, and until this happens, they will continue to meet each other in subsequent lives, get married and fight. In this case, outside intervention is useless, because the situation will not be resolved until one of them (or both, depending on the task) realizes something that he needs to realize and changes the situation.
Explanation two, based on the fact that a person is not omniscient
Knowing everything and understanding the meaning of every event that happens in life is a task not for a person, but for the Divine power. Often our misunderstanding of some incidents and ups and downs of life is based on a banal lack of information. Has it ever happened to you that a year or more after some event that you could not explain to yourself, something happened that made you understand why was this necessary? This happens to me all the time, and it happens because I simply cannot understand all the connections and foresee everything. possible options developments in my life, and therefore I cannot predict what will subsequently acquire meaning and what will remain meaningless.
As an example, I’ll give you a psychology teacher who really didn’t want to write a doctoral dissertation when she was young. She did this under pressure, because her then boss strongly insisted on it. The woman understood why this was necessary almost twenty years later, when she came to get a job as a teacher at the institute and found out that her pay was almost 4 times higher than that of a teacher without any degree.
Explanation three, chain
Your life is not a chaotic collection of events, even if it sometimes seems so to you. In fact, all events are connected to each other, one thing leads to another - that’s how your life is built. Very often we perceive changes as the end of the world, especially if they concern. During such periods, there are only two questions for us: “why did we break up?” and “why did we even meet?” I will not tell you the answers to these questions; you can find them yourself). The point is this: you will still meet yours, and then even at the thought that you might not have met her, because you would still be with that past person, you will break into an icy sweat.
And in situations that are not so dramatic, this connection can be traced - nothing happens for nothing, and sometimes it takes a lot of patience to see the next stage, the next link in the chain. It is equally important to be able to let go of the situation and not resist what is persistently knocking on your door. Let's take a closer look at these two points. First, sometimes we get too focused on what “should” happen: “I good man, I must meet my love”, “I must become a mother”, “I must be promoted”, etc. The events that are about to happen to you will happen then, when you're ready for it, and the time will come (circumstances will be favorable).
So don't spend all your energy now on what "should" happen, trying to speed it up. If you have done everything in your power, but there is no result yet, then you just need to let go of the situation and switch to something else. And, secondly, people tend not to notice what is under their noses (resources, opportunities, people) and zealously resist the arrival of positive changes in their lives, because these changes are not served to them in the usual sauce, but come V new form . Be open to everything new, do not miss your windows (which God opens for a person when he closes a door) and be grateful for everything that happens in your life, even if you cannot explain it.