Now correcting the previously created part about Austerlitz, Tolstoy studied Bolkonsky a lot, especially in last episode: wounded Prince Andrei on the Field of Austerlitz. Brief notes appeared, as always, explaining a lot: “Prince Andrey hears, the battle is lost everywhere. He thinks: I did everything that depended on me, and still nothing.” Another: “Prince Andrei lies on the Field of Austerlitz, suffers, sees the suffering of others and then suddenly sees the calm triumphant face of Napoleon, holds back the pain in order to despise.” The following shows Bolkonsky’s new attitude towards Napoleon: “Bonaparte is a hero, but he hates him.” Prince Andrei saw that “Bonaparte with his chin is not a man,” that there was “no life” in him, and that he was a “machine.” And finally, main idea, pierced last scene: “He saw the high, indifferent sky, and the structure of his thoughts was consistent with the sky. Napoleon seemed small."
After the Battle of Shengraben, Prince Andrei felt that he could “find meaning and thought in these crowds.” The first month in the war, meetings with the highest circles of the army and approaching the rank and file were important stage in the life of Prince Andrei. Bolkonsky's feat on the Field of Austerlitz now became the logical conclusion of the impressions and thoughts that preceded him. During this period, many of his views on military affairs and, most importantly, on the role of the people in war changed.
The thoughts captured in the notes are developed in last chapter, dedicated to Prince Andrey in the war of 1805. According to the first version of the scene on the Field of Austerlitz, the only thing that was imprinted in the consciousness of Prince Andrei when he fell wounded was “a limited piece of stubble with crumpled straw.” Tolstoy replaced this image, which creates the impression of hopelessness and limits the event to the theme of physical death, with the sky. In the corrected text we read: “And suddenly there is nothing but the sky - a high sky with gray clouds crawling across it - nothing but a high sky.”
Composition
on the topic: Andrei Bolkonsky in the Battles of Shengraben and Austerlitz
Bolkonsky Austerlitz battle war
Andrei Bolkonsky - one of the main characters of the novel by L. N. Tolstoy war peace . “...Short stature, a very handsome young man with definite and dry features.” We meet him already on the first pages of the novel. A man who is bored with stupid things secular society and a pretty wife, he thirsts such a feat that is necessary for a military man . Bolkonsky decided that war was the place where he could prove himself. His idol was Napoleon. Bolkonsky, like most young people of that time, also wanted to become famous.
The Battle of Shengraben is one of the key moments in the novel by Leo Tolstoy War and Peace . Hungry, barefoot, exhausted soldiers had to stop an army of an enemy much stronger than them. Knowing from Kutuzov that Bagration’s detachment has very little chance of survival, Andrei Bolkonsky begs the great commander to allow him to participate in this battle. Prince Andrei, who was constantly with the commander-in-chief, even when he got to the front line, continued to think in large categories, presenting the course of events in the most general outline. But the French opened fire and the battle began. It's begun! Here it is! But where? How will my Toulon express itself? - thought Prince Andrei. But everything happened not at all as it seemed to Prince Andrei, as was taught and said in theory. The soldiers either gather in heaps and run, then counterattack, and the enemy is forced to retreat. And the general gave almost no orders, although he pretended that everything was happening in accordance with his intentions . However, the very fact of his presence and calm manner of speaking worked wonders, raising the spirits of commanders and soldiers. Andrei watched as many, returning from the battlefield, talked about their exploits. The true hero of the Battle of Shengraben is Captain Tushin. It was his battery that stopped the French and gave their own the opportunity to retreat rather than be completely defeated. They forgot about him, the guns were left without cover. In fact, Andrei was the only one of the staff officers who was not afraid to deliver the order to retreat to the battery and who, under intense fire, helped remove the surviving guns and artillerymen. True hero remained unappreciated. And this incident began to destroy Bolkonsky’s dreams and ideas. Tolstoy shows that the main role in this battle was played by simple and inconspicuous warriors, such as company commander Timokhin and captain Tushin. It was not numerical superiority, not the strategic plans of wise commanders, but the inspiration and fearlessness of the company commander, who carried the soldiers along with him, that influenced the course of the battle. Bolkonsky could not help but notice this.
The Battle of Austerlitz, as Prince Andrei believed, was a chance to find his dream. It was in this battle that he would be able to accomplish, albeit a small, feat. His heroic act Even Napoleon noticed and appreciated it. During the retreat, the prince grabs the banner and, by his example, encourages the battalion to rush into the attack. Here it is! - thought the prince. He ran shouting “Hurray!” and did not doubt for a minute that the entire regiment would run after him. Andrei could barely hold the banner and simply dragged it by the pole, shouting shrilly like a child: Guys, go ahead! On the field of Austerlitz, Andrei Bolkonsky is undergoing a reassessment of values. Heavily wounded, he lay and looked at the endless sky. What seemed beautiful and sublime to him turned out to be empty and vain. And Napoleon himself, his hero, now seemed “a small and insignificant man,” and his words were nothing more than the buzzing of a fly.
The Battle of Shengraben undoubtedly played a role positive role in the life of Prince Andrei. Thanks to Tushin, Bolkonsky changes his view of the war. It turns out that war is not a means of achieving a career, but dirty, hard work where an inhumane deed is committed. The final realization of this comes to Prince Andrey on the Field of Austerlitz. After these battles, and most importantly after being wounded, Andrei changes his views on life. He understands that the outcome of the battle depends not on the feat of one person, but on the feat of the people.
Goals and objectives of the lesson: to identify the ideological and artistic features of the image of the Battle of Austerlitz as the compositional center of the entire war of 1805-1807; realize the role of Andrei Bolkonsky in this episode; be able to answer questions; build a monologue speech; contribute to the education of patriotic feelings.
Lesson format: group.
Features of the lesson: differentiated approach.
Equipment: text of 1 volume of the novel “War and Peace”, cards with questions, illustrations, computer, DVD.
Progress of the lesson.
- Repetition of covered material. Conversation on issues.
What were the causes of the war of 1805-1807? How does Tolstoy feel about this war? How did Timokhin’s company and Tushin’s battery perform in the Battle of Shengraben? What are cowardice and heroism? What thoughts did Andrei B. go to war with? What feelings did he experience while participating in this war?
Teacher. To summarize all that has been said, we conclude: the Russian government entered the war out of fear of the spread of revolutionary ideas and a desire to prevent aggressive policy Napoleon. Tolstoy has a negative attitude towards war. She is cruel and senseless. After all, all people are brothers. But even here the soldiers showed miracles of heroism. Timokhin's company, in conditions of confusion, "alone in the forest held out and attacked the French." In the hottest area, in the center of the battle, Tushin’s battery fought. Andrei Bolkonsky goes to war to commit military feat, win fame. IN initial stage war, he understands that heroes are not necessarily people officer rank, but ordinary soldiers. He saw that heroism in war is a common thing.
Yes, Prince Andrei went to war for heroism and glory. Let's see if he managed to do it?
We divide into three groups. Each group is given tasks and questions on cards.
Question: During the development of the disposition (action plan), Kutuzov openly sleeps. Why?
Students try to find the answer. Because in any, even the most carefully developed plan, various circumstances can interfere. And any outcome of a case is decided by people. You can't predict how they will behave.
(Students from grade 1 read an excerpt about the beginning of the battle)
Question: What happened? What chance intruded into the disposition?
Fog was not provided.
Question: How did the soldiers behave when they saw the French in front of them? And panic began.
Question: How else can we explain the flight of the soldiers?
Lack of moral incentive to wage war, the alienness of its goals for the people.
Question: How does Kutuzov behave in the decisive moments of the battle?
He is in the midst of a crowd of his soldiers. He doesn’t try to break out of it, he painfully tries to understand what is happening.
Question: How did Tolstoy reveal state of mind Kutuzov?
Kutuzov experiences complete powerlessness before the flight of his soldiers, he experiences anguish from what he sees. He calls on Andrei Bolkonsky for help. He is ashamed and bitter.
What is Prince Andrei doing?
(Students of grades 2-1 read an excerpt of Prince Andrei’s behavior in battle.)
Questions: What did Andrei B. feel when he saw the soldiers running from the battlefield?
What prompted Prince Andrei to grab the banner and run forward?
What does Andrei B. see and hear when he runs against the enemy with a banner in his hands?
Prince Andrei was obsessed with one thought: this shame must be stopped, the flight must be stopped. Before Austerlitz, he thinks only about his feat. And then everything happened as he imagined: he happened to “go ahead of the troops” with a banner in his hands, and the entire battalion ran after him. He only hears the whistle of bullets and sees the banner dragging along the ground. Prince Andrei did not feel the beauty of the feat.
Question: Why is this feat not poeticized in the novel?
This is a glorious feat worthy of the honor of a Russian officer. But for Tolstoy, the inner essence of the feat is important. After all, Napoleon can also go ahead of his troops. This inner essence of Andrei Bolkonsky’s feat is the reason why the feat is not poeticized.
(Students of grade 3 read the final passage of the chapter).
Questions: How did Andrei B. feel about Napoleon before the war?
Why does Napoleon now seem small and insignificant to the wounded Prince Andrei?
Previously, Prince Andrei considered Napoleon a hero. And now he saw his true essence, learned how he gained fame by walking over the corpses of his soldiers. Andrei Bolkonsky became disillusioned with Napoleon. Napoleon appeared to him as a “small, insignificant man”, “with an indifferent, limited look and happy at the misfortune of others.”
What did Prince Andrey discover for himself while looking at the high sky?
What is the significance of the “high sky” imagery in this episode?
In this image of the sky there is greatness, infinity of aspiration, coldness. Heaven is absolute, fair, Prince Andrei seeks justice and perfection in life. Life shouldn't be confusing. Prince Andrey sees the sky, looking above human life.
Question: What did Austerlitz become for Prince Andrei and for Russia?
Austerlitz brought Prince Andrey the discovery of a new world, a new meaning of life. He would like people to “help him and return him to life, which seemed so beautiful to him, because he understood it differently now.” The world opened up to Andrei Bolkonsky in another dimension, where ambitious dreams, fame, honors - everything was insignificant compared to the endless sky.
Austerlitz became an era of shame and disgrace for Russia. Terrible, like any war, with the destruction of human life, this war did not have, according to Tolstoy, even a goal explaining its inevitability, started for the sake of the ambitious interests of court circles, it was incomprehensible and not needed by the people. That's why it ended with Austerlitz. But the Russian army could be courageous and heroic when the goals of the battle were clear to it.
Homework. To choose from:
- Write a mini-essay “What, according to Tolstoy, is the inner essence of any human act, including heroic?”;
- Create a chapter outline;
- Create the OSK "Austerlitz";
- Illustrate the chapter.
The page contains a fragment.
Each of Tolstoy's heroes has his own path of quest - often complex, painful, contradictory. This also applies to the hero of War and Peace, Andrei Bolkonsky.
Let's start our conversation about Prince Andrey with a question: have you ever wondered why he was inactive during the Battle of Borodino? In the Battle of Austerlitz, he accomplishes a real feat: alone, with a banner in his hands, he runs forward, hoping to captivate the retreating soldiers with his example. However, according to the deep conviction of the writer, that war was completely unnecessary for Russia, Andrei’s feat was meaningless. But the Battle of Borodino had a completely different meaning. The fate of Russia was decided there. That's when Prince Andrei needed to accomplish a feat! Nothing like that actually happens. Why?
Andrei Bolkonsky adopted the rationalistic type of consciousness from his father. It is no coincidence that the old Prince Bolkonsky tortures his daughter Marya with geometry and laughs at her religious views. He is a follower of the ideas of the 18th century. (century of Enlightenment). We must assume that this also explains a lot about Andrei - a certain dryness, the desire to live with the mind, and not with feelings.
In the first half of the novel, Andrei Bolkonsky combines contempt for aristocratic society with an ambitious desire for personal glory. He is ready to give everything in the world “for a moment of glory, triumph over people, for people’s love for themselves.” That is why Prince Andrei even feels jealous of Napoleon. Thus, from the very beginning of War and Peace, the “Napoleonic theme” arises in its relationship with the destinies of the main characters.
The hero of the novel is convinced that historical events may well be subject to the will of one person. Having learned during the war of 1805 about the hopeless situation of the Russian army, Andrei dreams of how “at the military council he will present an opinion that alone will save the army, and how he alone will be entrusted with the execution of this plan.”
The courage of Captain Tushin and his soldiers for the first time made the arrogant Prince Andrei imbued with respect for people who committed truly heroic deeds, without thinking at all about fame or exploits. And yet the desire to glorify himself, to compare with Napoleon does not leave Andrei Bolkonsky. This is the only reason why he accomplishes his feat at Austerlitz.
However, when he, seriously wounded, lay on the Field of Austerlitz, the light of the eternal, unchanging, high sky helped him realize that everything he had dreamed about before was empty and a deception, everything turned out to be insignificant in comparison with this endless sky. Even Napoleon, his recent idol, now seems small and insignificant to him, and pompously beautiful phrases French Emperor- false and inappropriate.
The ideological crisis leads Andrei to disappointment in his ambitious plans and even to disappointment in life in general. He will have to go through a lot before he finds his way.
This state of depression, pessimism, caused by the collapse of hopes, the death of his wife, is violated by Pierre Bezukhov. Pierre at that time was interested in Freemasonry, which he understood as “the teaching of Christianity, freed from state and religious shackles.” He says to his friend: "Na earth, it is on this earth (Pierre pointed in the field) that there is no truth - everything is lies and evil; but in the world, in the whole world, there is a kingdom of truth, and we are now children of the earth, and forever - children of the whole world... We must live, we must love, we must believe... that we live not now only on this piece of earth, but lived and will live forever there, in everything (he pointed to the sky).”
These words struck Prince Andrei: “... for the first time after Austerlitz he saw that high, eternal sky... and something that had long fallen asleep, something better that was in him, suddenly woke up joyfully and youthfully in his soul "
This is how Andrey’s meeting with Natasha was psychologically prepared, which returned him to the fullness of the feeling of living life. And ahead of him is disappointment in civic activities, the burning pain of Natasha’s betrayal... In a state of gloomy depression, he meets Patriotic War. But it is now that joining the great universal cause helps it to truly be reborn.
Andrei Bolkonsky perceives the war with Napoleon as a national tragedy, and not just his personal tragedy: the personal organically and naturally merges with the historical and popular. He finally overcomes the false idea of a lone hero, comes to a decisive condemnation of the “Napoleonic idea”, to comprehend the spirit of the Russian people, people's truth, people's understanding of historical events.
Impressed by a conversation with Kutuzov on the eve of the Battle of Borodino, fully accepting his views, Bolkonsky says to Pierre: Material from the site
“Success has never depended and will never depend on position, weapons, or even numbers; and least of all from the position.
- And from what?
“From the feeling that is in me, in him,” he pointed to Timokhin, “in every soldier.”
Now on the Borodino field, Prince Andrei no longer thinks that he alone is able to decide the fate of the battle. In full accordance with the author’s understanding of the laws of war, he feels himself (just like Kutuzov) only a part of that enormous power, which is destined to defeat the enemy. “He had nothing to do or order,” the novel says about the behavior of regimental commander Andrei Bolkonsky during the Battle of Borodino. “Everything was done on its own.” As you can see, the external inaction of Prince Andrey is a manifestation of the highest wisdom that he acquired as a result of many life trials, as a result of understanding the great truth of Kutuzov, but not Napoleon. The quest of Andrei Bolkonsky in the period from Austerlitz to Borodin is his path from Napoleon to Kutuzov.
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On this page there is material on the following topics:
- Andrei's dreams on the eve of the Battle of Austerlitz
- why Bolkonsky remains alive after Austerlitz
- the sky of Austerlitz in the fate of Andrei Bolkonsky
- Bolkonsky on Borodin Field + quotes
- Andrey Bolkonsky overcomes the crisis
1. How did Tolstoy show the importance of the common collective principle in the military life of soldiers?
2. Why was there confusion and disorder in the movement of the Russian army?
3. Why Tolstoy described in detail foggy morning?
4. How did the image of Napoleon develop (details), who looked after the Russian army?
5. What does Prince Andrey dream of?
6. Why did Kutuzov sharply answer the emperor?
7. How does Kutuzov behave during the battle?
8. Can Bolkonsky’s behavior be considered a feat?
Volume 2
1. What attracted Pierre to Freemasonry?
2. What underlies the fears of Pierre and Prince Andrei?
3. Analysis of the trip to Bogucharovo.
4. Analysis of the trip to Otradnoye.
5. For what purpose does Tolstoy give the ball (name day) scene? Did Natasha remain “ugly, but alive”?
6. Natasha's dance. A property of nature that delighted the author.
7. Why did Natasha become interested in Anatole?
8. What is the basis of Anatole’s friendship with Dolokhov?
9. How does the author feel about Natasha after betraying Bolkonsky?
Volume 3
1. Tolstoy’s assessment of the role of personality in history.
2. How does Tolstoy reveal his attitude towards Napoleonism?
3. Why is Pierre dissatisfied with himself?
4. Analysis of the episode “retreat from Smolensk”. Why do the soldiers call Andrei “our prince”?
5. Bogucharovsky revolt (analysis). What is the purpose of the episode? How is Nikolai Rostov shown?
6. How to understand Kutuzov’s words “your road, Andrey, is the road of honor”?
7. How to understand Andrei’s words about Kutuzov “he is Russian, despite the French sayings”?
8. Why is Shengraben given through the eyes of Rostov, Austerlitz - Bolkonsky, Borodino - Pierre?
9. How to understand Andrei’s words “as long as Russia is healthy, anyone could serve it”?
10. How does the scene with the portrait of his son characterize Napoleon: “The chess is set, the game will begin tomorrow”?
11. Raevsky’s battery is an important episode of Borodin. Why?
12. Why does Tolstoy compare Napoleon to darkness? Does the author see the mind of Napoleon, the wisdom of Kutuzov, positive qualities heroes?
13. Why did Tolstoy depict the council in Fili through the perception of a six-year-old girl?
14. Departure of residents from Moscow. What is the general mood?
15. Scene of a meeting with the dying Bolkonsky. How is the connection between the fates of the novel’s heroes and the fate of Russia emphasized?
Volume 4
1. Why did the meeting with Platon Karataev return Pierre’s sense of the beauty of the world? Analysis of the meeting.
2. How did the author explain the meaning of guerrilla warfare?
3. What is the significance of the image of Tikhon Shcherbatov?
4. What thoughts and feelings does the death of Petya Rostov give rise to in the reader?
5. What does Tolstoy see as the main significance of the War of 1812 and what is the role of Kutuzov in it according to Tolstoy?
6. Determine the ideological and compositional meaning of the meeting between Pierre and Natasha. Could there have been a different ending?
Epilogue
1. What conclusions does the author come to?
2. What are Pierre's true interests?
3. What underlies Nikolenka’s relationship with Pierre and Nikolai Rostov?
4. Analysis of Nikolai Bolkonsky's sleep.
5. Why does the novel end with this scene?
If you answer, please indicate the question number.
1. Where was Emperor Alexander when he received the news that Napoleon’s troops had crossed the border?
2. Why did Prince Andrey search for Anatoly Kuragin on all fronts?
3. Why does Andrei Bolkonsky decide to serve in the army rather than at headquarters?
4. How did Nikolai Rostov distinguish himself in the case at Ostrovny?
5. How did Natasha cope with her story with Anatole?
6. Why Petya Rostov asks to join military service?
7. Which of the novel’s heroes secretly made their way to Red Square to watch the Tsar’s arrival?
8. Why didn’t old Prince Bolkonsky allow his family to be taken away from
Bald Mountains?
9. Which of the heroes brings the news to Bald Mountains that Smolensk has been surrendered?
10. What two opposing circles were created in St. Petersburg at the beginning of the war?
11. Which of the heroes of the novel met Napoleon and easily talked with him, and then returned to the Russian camp?
12. How did old Prince Bolkonsky die?
13. Who helps Princess Marya out of a difficult situation when the peasants refused to take her to Moscow? How did this happen?
14. Why is Pierre, a purely civilian man, riding on Battle of Borodino?
15. What did Pierre and Bolkonsky talk about on the eve of the Battle of Borodino?
16. What kind of person does Tolstoy show Napoleon in the scene with the portrait of his son?
17. How did Pierre show himself during the Battle of Borodino, while on the Raevsky battery?
18. How does Tolstoy show Napoleon and Kutuzov during the Battle of Borodino?
19. How was Prince Andrey wounded?
20. Who, according to the author of the novel, is driving force stories?
21. Through the eyes of which hero does Tolstoy show the military council in Fili?
22. Who is Helen going to marry?
23. For what purpose does Pierre remain in Moscow and disappear from his home?
24. How did it happen that the Rostov family gave their carts to the wounded?
25. Who gives the order to the crowd to kill Vereshchagin?
26. Why, according to the author, did a fire break out in Moscow, abandoned by Russian troops and occupied by the French?
27. Who told Natasha that the wounded Bolkonsky was traveling with them in the convoy?
28. How did Pierre get captured?