In the novel "Oblomov" I. A. Goncharov is trying to find answers to those eternal questions that every person asks himself at least once in his life. And one of those multifaceted worlds, the study and understanding of which the writer devoted his work to, is the world of harmony, love, happiness.
Love permeates the entire novel by Goncharov, filling it with new colors, revealing the most unexpected features of the heroes, awakening in them a thirst for action and knowledge. And this is not surprising, because the author writes: “And in life itself this feeling occupies so much space that it serves either as a motive, or as a content, or as a goal of almost every aspiration, every activity.” In his novel, Goncharov reveals the most diverse facets of love, the associated concepts of family and marriage.
Love helps to reveal the most unexpected traits in the characters' characters, without which the impression of them would be incomplete and erroneous, for example, the character of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. What would Stolz’s words about Oblomov’s “crystal, pure and bright” soul be if the author had shown only his lazy and calm lifestyle in St. Petersburg? Without the wonderful pages about his sincere and all-encompassing love awakened by Olga, even childhood memories would not have brightened up this image. Stolz and are connected by a thread of relationship with Olga. How different their behavior is when they fall in love with her, and how much more than any other comparison it does.
Love Oblomov and Olga awaken all the best in their souls - their love - flowering branch lilac, symbolizing the “color of life”, bright summer nature, causing the most rosy dreams. And with the onset of autumn, the lilacs faded and love, similar to a wonderful fairy tale, passed. Olga and Oblomov lived in some kind of imaginary, mythical world filled with future ideals. But, faced with a cruel reality, this world crashed and shattered into thousands of pieces, and with it love. Perhaps Stolz was right when he said that for Olga it was not love, but only preparation for future love, and this is also true for Oblomov, who does not believe in a living person, but rather in an invented image. After all, if Oblomov had fully understood Olga’s nature, it would not have occurred to him to place her in his future imaginary family world. Oblomov sees his perfect marriage: “And next to a proudly bashful, deceased friend sleeps a carefree man. He falls asleep with confidence, waking up to meet the same meek, pretty gaze. And after twenty, thirty years...” The hero, who grew up in Oblomovka, does not know and does not believe in the existence of another happiness: “Isn’t this - secret purpose everyone and everything: to find in your friend an unchanging face of peace, an eternal and even flow of feeling? After all, this is the norm of love, and the slightest step away from it, changes, cools down - we suffer: therefore, my ideal is a general ideal? o Maybe Oblomov is right in his own way.
For Olga love- this is, first of all, a duty, and the heroine herself does not deny this. In her relationship with Oblomov, she liked the “role guiding star, a bright ray”, which directed Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. In the image of Olga there is a Christian beginning. Even Oblomov himself sees in her an angel who came to save him and lead him to the light. It is no coincidence that Olga performs for Oblomov the appeal of a young girl to the goddess Artemis - one of the three immaculate ones divine maidens mythology. This goddess is a prototype of the Holy Virgin. Olga, like a saint, is trying to save Oblomov’s soul from the darkness to which he doomed her. All Olga’s love is subordinated to a sense of duty, but her hopes are not destined to come true: Olga, according to Stolz, did not love Oblomov himself, but the image that she created in her imagination. This is true: how could Olga bow to Oblomov as he really was? When Olga realized that she could not change him, they broke up.
But the heroine Goncharova still finds a hero worthy of admiration, Stolz becomes this person for her. Stolz, like Oblomov, sees in love a calm, long-lasting feeling, however, not left to chance, but constantly controlled: not a single question should be missed, not a single misunderstanding, everything should be sorted out so that these contradictions do not accumulate and threaten in the future. At first glance, these are very correct and logical reasoning, but something about them confuses Olga. She, of course, is happy with Stolz, but from somewhere strange doubts and sudden sadness appear. Probably this is a longing for that insane, sincere happiness that she experienced while living in her ideal world with Oblomov, a longing for her bygone dreams, for a crazy, all-encompassing passion that Stolz cannot give her.
But Andrey Stolts not as sure of his rightness as it seems at first. Even before his wedding with Olga, he “dedicated a lot of mental care to the heart and its intricate laws.” His discussion about the types of love dates back to this period: “Love, with the power of Archimedes’ lever, moves the world...” - this is the purpose of love, according to Goncharov.
Stolz tries to understand the essence of love and gives examples of various family relations: “... some husbands in their relationships with their wives always resemble the sphinx with its riddle, everything seems to be something incomprehensible, unsaid... others impatiently let the spring of life slip from their shoulders; many even look sideways at their wives for the rest of their lives... For others, love does not leave for a long time, sometimes until old age, but even the smile of a satyr never leaves them...” And, finally, “the majority enter into marriage, and, like taking property, they enjoy their significant benefits ..." But none of this suits Stolz himself; he chose his own method.
Goncharov sympathizes with Stolz and conceived him as a new idealized image of a progressive man of the new generation. Stolz's versatility and excellence were reflected in his family. The Stoltz family is the ideal family for Goncharov; the marriage of Olga and Stoltz is a marriage of two cultures, symbolizing the unity of people on earth. And they live in Crimea, in the center of the unification of peoples, the synthesis of natural principles. This marriage is an ideal in its essence, everything in it is thought out to the smallest detail, it is a marriage of an “ideal” man with an “ideal” woman. The life of Agafya Pshenitsyna and Ilya Ilyich Olomov is an idyllic St. Petersburg Oblomovka, it suits and makes them both happy. Ilya Ilyich needs more than one hot life heart, he does not want his imagination to function - all this is not good for him simply because then “he sleeps restlessly.”
Main criterion Oblomov’s value of existence remains unshakable: sleep peacefully. Agafya Pshenitsyna knows how to give everything to her loved one free of charge, without regret, for her love is an opportunity to give, she would be happy to give her life for Oblomov and would do it without hesitation.
“Love is a very difficult school of life” I.I. Oblomov
“Love is not peace, it must have a moral result, first of all for those who love” Innokenty Annensky
Why is Oblomov hiding from society? What is he running from? Ilya Ilyich dreamed of leaving society, the world, because he does not find any interests there, he sees only “dead people” there. He wanted to free himself from eternal vanity, passions, greed, gossip, and gossip. Ilya Ilyich dreamed, “hugging his wife by the waist, going deep with her into the endless dark alley, go with her to look for sympathy in nature."
Ideal life for Oblomov 1. Village 2. Wife 3. New, peacefully built house 4. Good neighbors and friends 5. Music 6. Poetry 7. Love
For Stolz, “work is the image, content, element and purpose of life”
Olga Ilyinskaya Simple, soft, musically educated, ironic, attentive, energetic, eager for activity, full of dreams about it, self-confident; good psychologist, “subtle nature”, “natural manifestation of thoughts, feelings, will”, “remarkable girl”
Plan for Oblomov's revival: Wean him from sleeping after lunch Make him read the books that Stolz left Make him read newspapers every day and tell her the news Make him write letters to the village Make him complete a plan for organizing the estate Make him prepare to go abroad
Why does she need all this? So that Stolz would be surprised by her abilities (“And Stolz will not recognize him when he returns.”) So that Oblomov would admire her, live for her and admire her. (“He will live, act, bless life and her.”) For the sake of his own glory, for the sake of his own pride . (“To bring a person back to life – how much glory is there for a doctor when he saves a hopelessly ill person! But to save a morally perishing mind and soul?..”)
How did the main character’s life change after meeting Ilyinskaya? “He gets up at seven o’clock. He reads and carries books somewhere. There was no sleep, no fatigue, no boredom on his face, even colors appeared on it, a sparkle in his eyes, something like courage or, at least, self-confidence. You can’t see the robe on him... He comes out in a frock coat, beautifully tailored, in a smart hat... He is cheerful, humming... why is this?
True feeling true love capable of doing miracles. It revives the person in a person, reveals his internal reserves and capabilities.
Oblomov shows love best qualities, best sides your character: the depth of your experiences, poetic nature, dreaminess...; - he has a developed moral sense and a sense of intuition, he understands what Olga likes, he is capable of deep feelings.
Olga takes on the role of a “guiding star”. Olga is trying to “put Oblomov on his feet,” teach him action, bring him out of rest and laziness. Oblomov is unfamiliar with the new feeling. He is confused, lost, ashamed. He loves Olga with his heart, loves tenderly, obediently, bashfully. His soul awakens because it is alive. He draws something from Olga, and his heart begins to beat and his brain begins to work. Olga pours energy into him, a love of action, which makes him work, think, read, do housework, his thoughts gradually begin to take shape. Although sometimes the “worm of uncertainty and laziness” still creeps into him and again he wants to hide his head under his wing, but Olga again pours hope into him, does not abandon him, but gently, in a motherly way, guides and instructs, and Oblomov lives again, works again, again trying to decide on his own. Olga is always on guard, will always help, always teach.
But often in Oblomov’s dreams an idyllic picture arose: Oblomovka, everything is fine, calm around, big house, where he, Ilya Ilyich, and Olga live peacefully, and children run around, and there is no excitement or movement in this corner, but only calm, moderation and silence. This is their contradiction: Olga sees in her dreams an active and active person, and Oblomov - the same idyllic picture.
Olga’s love for him turned from “rainbow” to “demanding”. Oblomov begins to dine at home more often, goes to the theater not at the call of his soul, which should have moral nourishment, but at the request of Olga. He wants to end it all as quickly as possible and fall into laziness, drowsiness and calm. “Oh, I wish I could finish soon and sit next to her, not drag myself so far here! And then after such a summer, and even seeing each other in fits and starts, furtively, playing the role of a boy in love... To tell the truth, I wouldn’t go to the theater today if I were already married: this is the sixth time I’ve heard this opera...”
Who is to blame for the reason for the breakup of their relationship?
“...I relied too much on my own strength... I didn’t dream of my first youth and beauty: I thought that I would revive you, that you could still live for me, but you have already died long ago. I didn’t foresee this mistake, I kept waiting, hoping!..” “Who cursed you, Ilya? What did you do?<...>What ruined you? There is no name for this evil...” “There is,” answers Ilya. “Oblomovism!” (He does not have the strength to resist it, and Ilya Ilyich soon falls asleep spiritually, and then physically.)
Composition of the novel
The first and fourth parts of the novel are its support, its foundation. The takeoff in the second and third parts is the climax of the novel, the very hill that Oblomov has to climb. The first part of the novel is internally connected with the fourth part, that is, Oblomovka and Vyborg side. The four parts of the novel correspond to the four seasons. The novel begins in the spring, on May 1. A love story - summer turning into autumn and winter. The composition is inscribed in the annual circle, the annual cycle of nature, cyclical time.
“Oblomov” is the brightest socio-psychological work of the 19th century. In the novel, the author raises a number of eternal themes concerning relationships between people, a person’s search for his place in the world, as well as questions of meaning human life. Central storyline The book revolves around a description of the fate of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov - a reflective, dreamy, introverted person. In the life of a hero up to thirty extra years there were no special shocks, losses or sudden changes - he avoided them in every possible way, trying in any way to escape from activity outside world. However, fate decided differently for him: the most important test in life for Oblomov was the test of love.
A strong, all-encompassing, elemental feeling burst into his life unexpectedly, temporarily completely upending the hero’s entire worldview, his attitude to the world and life. Olga Ilyinskaya became for Oblomov a person who forced him to take a fresh look at his passive life, give up his usual time on the couch and forget about his dressing gown, replacing it with a secular suit.
However, despite the rapid development and mutual feelings, their relationship ended in a quick break - and the reasons for this lie, first of all, in the different upbringing of the heroes, their characters and life values.
Oblomov and Olga: a meeting of two opposites
To understand why the relationship between Oblomov and Olga became a test for both heroes, it is important to remember the conditions under which the characters developed, who influenced the development of their characters and what their basic life values were.
Ilya Ilyich grew up in a remote provincial corner of Russia, where time flowed very slowly, measured not in minutes and seconds, but in entire seasons. The pacifying, sleepy, overly calm atmosphere of Oblomovism could not leave its mark on young hero: little Ilya was a very active and curious child, but excessive parental care created from him a kind of “greenhouse plant” - a driven, dependent person, incapable of active activity. On the other hand, the beautiful landscapes of Oblomovka, its unique harmonious nature, intertwined with the fantastic plots of fairy tales and legends that the nanny told Ilya, also influenced the development of the hero’s personality. All this fostered in him dreaminess, poetry, the ability to appreciate the beauty of the world around him, but also escapism, the idea that even if he does nothing, wonderful changes will come into his life.
In contrast to the apathetic, introverted, reflective Oblomov, Olga appears in the novel as a bright, purposeful, self-confident girl. Having received a good upbringing and education, Ilyinskaya continues to develop, constantly learning something new, for her there are no boundaries or barriers in this knowledge, and any mistake or failure only inflames passion in her, forcing her to move forward more confidently.
(For Oblomov, the first and only failure in his career was the end of his professional activity– after this the hero completely refused to work, finally plunging into the world of unrealizable illusions).
The characters' life goals were also completely different. Bright, active Olga wanted, if not to change the world, then at least to influence its changes, to introduce something new and important into the development of society. Oblomov saw his happiness in finding the lost atmosphere of Oblomovka, which in his memories was like an earthly paradise - a quiet, calm place where he would not have to answer for anything or decide anything himself.
Why didn't Olga manage to change Oblomov?
The differences between the characters also affected their relationships. In her love for Ilya Ilyich, Olga, first of all, saw her duty to change him, to make him a completely different person - active and purposeful. At the same time, the girl’s leading motive was not pure love and a sincere desire for happiness for her beloved, and her own egoism, the fact that it is she who will make of him the prototype of an ideal (in her opinion) personality. Oblomov expected from their relationship something similar to the relationship between his father and mother. In Olga, the hero saw an idealized image of a beautiful muse who would be ready to live with him in Oblomov’s paradise, creating an atmosphere of half-asleep and peace that was so attractive to the hero. This misunderstanding between the characters, hidden by the beautiful veil of love, is the reason for the separation of lovers. However, their relationship became an important lesson for both characters, affecting their future fates in different ways.
As mentioned above, in childhood Oblomov associated himself with the heroes of children's fairy tales and legends, all the time waiting for that very turning point, a miracle that would completely turn his life around. It was precisely such a miracle that befell Ilya Ilyich, like Emelya lying on the stove, that became the hero’s test of love. Oblomov knew that according to the plot of fairy tales, a previously passive character, after going through a series of difficulties, became a different personality, his inner potential was revealed, and he reached unprecedented heights.
However, as Goncharov shows in his novel, fairy tales are too far from reality. Oblomov does not pass this test - unlike fairy tale characters, he lacks the determination to change himself, go through all the trials and open up to the world. Perhaps the reason for this was his age - after all, as indicated in the novel, in his youth Ilya Ilyich was ready to strive forward when he was constantly motivated to do so. But at over thirty years old, the hero was already a fully formed personality; he did not want to change even for the sake of his beloved. Oblomov wanted to find a woman who could love him with the introverted, dreamy hulk that he really is. As a result, the hero retreats before the test that arises, literally laying down his arms and refusing to fight for his happiness.
At the end of the novel, Ilya Ilyich finds his happiness in marriage with Agafya Pshenitsyna - a quiet, homely, economic woman who managed to fall in love with him real person, and not an illusory, embellished image. Moreover, Pshenitsyna was able to create for the hero that very atmosphere of “Oblomovism” that he had strived for all his life.
Did Oblomov pass the test of love?
It is impossible to give a definite answer to the question of whether the hero passed the test of love. On the one hand, he could not become better, could not step over his laziness and daydreaming, start a new, active, completely different life, the opposite of his gradual degradation on the sofa. On the other hand, as in the plot of fairy tales, the hero in the end finds the expected happiness - peace in Pshenitsyna’s house. In this case, it is acceptable that the test consisted of checking true values hero: is he ready to change his true dreams for the sake of Olga’s ephemeral ideals? Goncharov does not give us an exact answer, so the novel leaves open questions, which modern readers continue to reflect on, revealing for themselves more and more new facets of a brilliant work.
An essay on the topic “Oblomov’s Test of Love” was published solely for informational purposes for 10th grade students.
Oblomov's test of love - an essay on the theme of Goncharov's novel |
Love is a very difficult school of life! I. Goncharov. Oblomov Roman I. Goncharov “Oblomov” is a novel about life in general, with all its complexities and tricks, it is also a work about the fate of a person that evokes not only sympathy, but also sympathy, and sometimes contempt of the reader. Many trials befell Oblomov, the main character of the novel. Life and environment shaped his character, without taking into account the inclinations and inclinations of a boy, and then a young man. From childhood he was at the mercy of a vast social phenomenon, to which the author gave the name Oblomovism, meaning by this lack of will, indecision, spinelessness, fear of the new, unwillingness to work, and often selfishness. And yet it seems to me that the inner essence of a person is most fully revealed at the moment of the strongest emotional experiences that Love brings to a person. This wonderful feeling visited both Ilya Oblomov and Olga Ilyinskaya, but did they cope with it? A strong feeling for the poetic, talented girl seemed to awaken Oblomov. He made sacrifices for Olga that were impossible for him before; He parted with his beloved sofa and robe, began to read in order to talk with Olga about what he had read, “there was no sleep, no fatigue, no boredom on his face.” Oblomov’s subtle, sensitive soul also awakens when thinking about Olga, when he sees her. Communication with a girl who shares his feelings elevated Oblomov, it seems that for him it is beginning new life: “The dawn of rising happiness shone on his face from the bottom of his soul...” And with what strength and delight Olga’s singing fills Oblomov’s heart! The voice of his beloved revives all the best in Ilya Ilyich’s soul, his face is illuminated with hope, he is so excited that he cannot sleep at night and, leaving the house at dawn, wanders around the city for a long, long time... Olga, who has fallen in love with Ilya Ilyich, strives to help him, breathe life into him, motivate him to action. Her thoughts are full of the image of her beloved, she “lived and felt life with Oblomov.” However, over time, a strong feeling becomes familiar to the main character, and again Oblomovism awakens in his soft, but lazy heart, releases her claws, hinting that she has always been here. Oblomov's laziness is strangling good intentions Ilya Ilyich and the thoughts that you need to build a house, go to the village, sort things out with the men... “Is this life?” - the question wakes up. And “love became stricter, more demanding, and began to turn into some kind of obligation.” Oblomov begins to understand that next to the active, energetic Olga, his ideals of “dovelike” tenderness, which is valuable in itself for the hero, are unattainable. serene existence together, about maternal, devoted and selfless love girls. Yes, she loves him, but she dreams of an active, useful, meaningful life, which Oblomov himself is so afraid of that he cannot overcome himself even in the name of a wonderful feeling. And Oblomov refuses his love. He writes Olga a letter in which he sincerely and frankly, without sparing or sparing himself, admits his incorrigibility, talks about his weakness, spinelessness, and lack of will. He writes to her that a person like him is unworthy of the love of a wonderful and tender girl. “I’m stealing someone else’s things! I am a thief! - can be heard in every line of the letter. Oblomov’s upbringing and way of life so saturated the soul of Ilya Ilyich that after writing this inherently terrible letter, which would put an end not only to his feelings, but also to his renewed life, to his future, Oblomov thought: “I’m not bored, I’m not bored.” It’s hard!.. I’m almost happy. Why is this? It must be because I conveyed the burden of my soul in a letter.” The quagmire of Oblomovism again sucked him in. He could not stand the test, lost the self-esteem that grew in the depths of his soul during his meetings with Olga, and slid even lower. And therefore, pity and contempt, but no longer sympathy, arouses this person during last meeting with his beloved girl - in the scene of their farewell. Olga is decisive and brave, with developed sense self-esteem. Her love may not have been absolutely disinterested, since the girl sought to change Oblomov, to “re-educate” him, without accepting him for who he is. Realizing that these efforts were in vain, Olga managed to cope with her feelings and part with her loved one forever. In response to the bitter and merciless words spoken by Olga during parting, Oblomov “smiled somehow pitifully, painfully and bashfully, like a beggar who was reproached for his nakedness. He sat with this smile of powerlessness, weakened from excitement and resentment; his extinguished gaze clearly said: “Yes, I am meager, pitiful, beggar... beat, beat me...” Oblomovism crippled the soul of the protagonist, killed his love. This test resulted in terrible losses, which would entail over time not only the spiritual, but also the physical death of the hero.Love is a very difficult school of life!
I. Goncharov. Oblomov
I. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” is a novel about life in general, with all its complexities and tricks, it is also a work about the fate of a person that evokes not only sympathy, but also sympathy, and sometimes contempt of the reader.
Many trials befell Oblomov, the main character of the novel. Life and environment shaped his character, without taking into account the inclinations and inclinations of a boy, and then a young man. From childhood, he was in the grip of a vast social phenomenon, to which the author gave the name Oblomovism, meaning by this lack of will, indecision, spinelessness, fear of the new, unwillingness to work, and often selfishness.
And yet it seems to me that the inner essence of a person is most fully revealed at the moment of the strongest emotional experiences that Love brings to a person. This wonderful feeling visited both Ilya Oblomov and Olga Ilyinskaya, but did they cope with it?
A strong feeling for the poetic, talented girl seemed to awaken Oblomov. He made sacrifices for Olga that were impossible for him before; He parted with his beloved sofa and robe, began to read in order to talk with Olga about what he had read, “there was no sleep, no fatigue, no boredom on his face.” Oblomov’s subtle, sensitive soul also awakens when thinking about Olga, when he sees her. Communication with a girl who shares his feelings elevated Oblomov; it seems that a new life is beginning for him: “The dawn of rising happiness from the bottom of his soul shone on his face...”
And with what strength and delight Olga’s singing fills Oblomov’s heart! The voice of his beloved revives all the best in Ilya Ilyich’s soul, his face lights up with hope, he is so excited that he cannot sleep at night and, leaving the house at dawn, wanders around the city for a long, long time...
Olga, who fell in love with Ilya Ilyich, strives to help him, breathe life into him, encourage him to take action. Her thoughts are full of the image of her beloved, she “lived and felt life with Oblomov.”
However, over time, a strong feeling becomes habitual for the main character, and again Oblomovism awakens in his soft but lazy heart, releases its claws, hinting that it has always been here. Oblomov’s laziness stifles Ilya Ilyich’s good intentions and thoughts that he needs to build a house, go to the village, sort things out with the men... “Is this life?” - the question wakes up.
And “love became stricter, more demanding, and began to turn into some kind of obligation.” Oblomov begins to understand that next to the active, energetic Olga, his ideals about “pigeon” tenderness, which is valuable in itself for the hero, about a serene existence together, about the maternal, devoted and selfless love of a girl, are unattainable. Yes, she loves him, but she dreams of an active, useful, meaningful life, which Oblomov himself is so afraid of that he cannot overcome himself even in the name of a wonderful feeling.
And Oblomov refuses his love. He writes Olga a letter in which he sincerely and frankly, without sparing or sparing himself, admits his incorrigibility, talks about his weakness, spinelessness, and lack of will. He writes to her that a person like him is unworthy of the love of a wonderful and tender girl. “I’m stealing someone else’s things! I am a thief! - can be heard in every line of the letter.
Oblomov’s upbringing and way of life so saturated the soul of Ilya Ilyich that after writing this inherently terrible letter, which would put an end to not only his feelings, but also his renewed life, his future, Oblomov thought: “I’m not bored.” , it’s not hard!.. I’m almost happy. Why is this? It must be because I conveyed the burden of my soul in a letter.” Material from the site
The quagmire of Oblomovism again sucked him in. He could not stand the test, lost the self-esteem that grew in the depths of his soul during his meetings with Olga, and slid even lower. And therefore, this man evokes pity and contempt, but no longer sympathy, during the last meeting with his beloved girl - in the scene of their farewell. Olga is determined and courageous, with a developed sense of self-worth. Her love may not have been absolutely disinterested, since the girl sought to change Oblomov, to “re-educate” him, without accepting him for who he is. Realizing that these efforts were in vain, Olga managed to cope with her feelings and part with her loved one forever. In response to the bitter and merciless words spoken by Olga during parting, Oblomov “smiled somehow pitifully, painfully bashful, like a beggar who was reproached for his nakedness. He sat with this smile of powerlessness, weakened from excitement and resentment; his dull gaze clearly said: “Yes, I am meager, pitiful, beggar... beat me, beat me...”
Oblomovism crippled the soul of the protagonist, killed his love. This test resulted in terrible losses, which would entail over time not only the spiritual, but also the physical death of the hero.
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