The stylistic diversity of art of the 17th-18th centuries. Style diversity of art of the 17th-18th centuries. F. Boucher. Diana's bath

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Style (Latin) - 2 meanings:

1) the constructive principle of the structure of objects and phenomena of the cultural world (lifestyle, clothing, speech, communication, architecture, painting, etc.),

2) features artistic creativity, art schools and directions (Hellenistic style, classicism, romanticism, modernism, etc.)

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The emergence of new styles and the Renaissance

Renaissance (Renaissance) is an era in cultural and ideological development a number of European countries (XIV – XVI centuries)

Dogmatic art was replaced by the desire for a realistic knowledge of the world, faith in creative possibilities and the strength of the individual's mind.

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Distinctive features of Renaissance culture:

• secular character,
• humanistic worldview,
• appeal to the ancient heritage.

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S. Botticelli. Birth of Venus

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S. Rafael. Galatea

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From Renaissance humanism to mannerism and baroque

Mannerism (from Italian - “technique”, “manner”) - dominant artistic direction V European art end of the 16th century

Representatives of mannerism in their work did not follow nature, but tried to express the subjective idea of ​​​​an image born in the artist’s soul.

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Titian. Bacchus and Ariadne

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Baroque

Baroque (“bizarre”, “strange” - one of the dominant styles in European architecture and art of the late XVI - mid-XVIII centuries.

Man in Baroque art appears to be involved in the cycle and conflict of the environment, a multifaceted personality with a complex inner world.

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Baroque art is characterized by

• gracefulness,
• splendor and dynamics,
• combination of illusory and real,
• passion for spectacular spectacles,
• contrasts of scales and rhythms, materials and textures, light and shadow.

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GuidoReni. Aurora

Aurora, 1614, fresco, Palazzo Pallavicini Rospigliosi, Rome

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Peter Paul Rubens. Judgment of Paris

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P.P.Rubens.Perseus and Andromeda

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The Age of Enlightenment in the history of art development

• Classicism as artistic embodiment ideas of the Enlightenment.
• Classicism is an artistic style in European art of the 17th century. early XIX V.
• Appeal to the ancient heritage and humanistic ideals of the Renaissance.
• The subordination of personal interests to public interests, feelings to duty, and the idealization of heroic images are the main themes of the art of classicism.

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F. Boucher. Diana's bath

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Rococo

• Rococo is a style that was developed in the European plastic arts of the first half of the XVIII V.
• A passion for refined and complex shapes and fancy lines.
• The goal of Rococo art is to please, touch and entertain.
• Complex love affairs, fleeting hobbies, daring and risky actions of heroes, adventures and fantasies. Gallant entertainment and celebrations are the main subjects of Rococo works.

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Realistic trends in the development of art of the 17th – 18th centuries.

• Objectivity, accuracy and specificity in the transmission of events in the surrounding world
• Lack of idealization
• Attention to common people
• Deep perception of life and nature
• Simplicity and naturalness in conveying the world of human feelings

New concepts: Style Historical era      Ancient world Antiquity Middle Ages Renaissance Enlightenment Style is a stable unity of artistic principles, techniques and means used in creating works of art.  Style is a historically determined aesthetic unity of content and form that reveals the content of a work.       Mannerism - mid-16th century. Baroque – period 16 – mid 18th century. Classicism - 17th century. Rococo – 18th century Realism - 18-19th century.        Mannerism is a movement in Western European art of the 2nd half of the 16th century. The art of mannerism reflected the crisis of Renaissance culture; Mannerism was a kind of transitional style between the art of the Renaissance and Baroque - a tendency towards exotic costumes of characters, - elongated figures, - affective gestures, - bright, contrasting tones   One of the artistic styles of the late 16th century, mid-18th century, gravitating towards ceremonial solemnity, decorativeness , tension and dynamism of images. Baroque is characterized by a tendency towards ensemble and synthesis of arts. Already one of his first statues, “David” (1623, Borghese Museum and Gallery, Rome), clearly shows the difference between new art and the art of the Renaissance. Michelangelo's "David" was powerful, simple and majestic in his quiet strength. Bernini's "David", created a little over 100 years later, is depicted in dynamics - at the moment of throwing a stone from a sling: he is all in motion, tense, angry, even biting his lip. All these features are characteristic of the Baroque style, which replaced the simple and strict style of the Renaissance (see article “The Art of the Italian Renaissance”). For the Baroque, the outward expression of passion and excitement became more important than human feelings themselves.    Classicism – Artistic style in Western European art 17th century Viewed antiquity as an ethical and artistic form It is characterized by heroic pathos, plastic harmony and clarity St. Peter's Basilica in Rome Michelangelo    Rococo is a stylistic movement in European art in the first half of the 18th century, which is characterized by a graceful, whimsical ornamental rhythm Task Rococo art: to please, touch, entertain. Main plots: complex love affairs, fleeting hobbies, risky actions of the heroes.  Realism is an objective reflection of reality - the truth of life, embodied by specific means of various styles and types of art   His works constitute one of the pinnacles of European and world art, one of the highest achievements in the development of realism. In Rembrandt’s painting “The Holy Family” (1645), in the images of the heroes of the gospel legend - Mary, the infant Christ and Joseph - the most ordinary and beautiful human feelings in their sincerity and purity are embodied - the tenderness and caring of a mother, the feeling of home peace - that which understandable and dear to people at all times. The furnishings of the room are extremely simple, this is the home of a poor carpenter, who is immediately busy with his craft. Rembrandt always portrayed people from among the people with great sympathy, and always sympathized with old age and loneliness.

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Style diversity art XVII-XVIII centuries Prepared by the teacher of fine arts and art and art of MKOU secondary school with. Brut Guldaeva S.M.

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In Europe, the process of dividing countries and peoples has ended. Science has expanded knowledge about the world. The foundations of all modern natural sciences were laid: chemistry, physics, mathematics, biology, astronomy. Scientific discoveries of the early 17th century completely shattered the image of the universe, at the center of which was man himself. If used to be art affirmed the harmony of the Universe, now man was afraid of the threat of chaos, the collapse of the Cosmic world order. These changes also affected the development of art. XVII – XVIII centuries – one of the brightest pages in the history of the world artistic culture. This is the time when the Renaissance was replaced by the artistic styles of Baroque, Rococo, Classicism and Realism, which saw the world in a new way.

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ART STYLES Style - combination artistic means and techniques in the works of an artist, an artistic movement, an entire era. Mannerism Baroque Classicism Rococo Realism

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MANNERISM Mannerism (Italian manierismo, from maniera - manner, style), a direction in Western European art of the 16th century, reflecting the crisis of the humanistic culture of the Renaissance. Externally following the masters High Renaissance, the works of the Mannerists are distinguished by the complexity, tension of images, mannered sophistication of form, and often the sharpness of artistic solutions. El Greco "Christ on the Mount of Olives", 1605. National. Gal., London

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Features style Mannerism (pretentious): Sophistication. Pretentiousness. The image of the fantastic other world. Broken contour lines. Light and color contrast. Lengthening figures. Instability and difficulty of poses.

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If in the art of the Renaissance man is the ruler and creator of life, then in the works of Mannerism he is a small grain of sand in the chaos of the world. Mannerism covered various types artistic creativity - architecture, painting, sculpture, decorative - applied arts. El Greco "Laocoon", 1604-1614

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Uffizi Gallery Palazzo del Te in Mantua Mannerism in architecture expresses itself in violations of the Renaissance balance; the use of architecturally unmotivated structural solutions that cause the viewer a feeling of anxiety. The most significant achievements of Mannerist architecture include the Palazzo del Te in Mantua (the work of Giulio Romano). The building of the Uffizi Gallery in Florence is designed in a mannerist spirit.

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BAROQUE Baroque (Italian: barocco - whimsical) is an artistic style that prevailed from the late 16th to the mid-18th centuries. in the art of Europe. This style originated in Italy and spread to other countries after the Renaissance.

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CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF THE BAROQUE STYLE: Splendor. Pretentiousness. Curvature of shapes. Brightness of colors. Abundance of gilding. An abundance of twisted columns and spirals.

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The main features of Baroque are pomp, solemnity, splendor, dynamism, and life-affirming character. Baroque art is characterized by bold contrasts of scale, light and shadow, color, and a combination of reality and fantasy. Cathedral Santiago de Compostela Church of the Virgin of the Sign in Dubrovitsy. 1690-1704. Moscow.

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Particularly noteworthy in the Baroque style is the fusion various arts in a single ensemble, greater degree interpenetration of architecture, sculpture, painting and decorative arts. This desire for a synthesis of arts is a fundamental feature of the Baroque. Versailles

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CLASSICISM Classicism from lat. classicus - “exemplary” - an artistic movement in European art of the 17th -19th centuries, focused on the ideals of ancient classics. Nicolas Poussin "Dance to the Music of Time" (1636).

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CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF CLASSICISM: Restraint. Simplicity. Objectivity. Definition. Smooth contour line.

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The main themes of the art of classicism were the triumph of social principles over personal principles, the subordination of feelings to duty, and the idealization of heroic images. N. Poussin “The Shepherds of Arcadia”. 1638 -1639. Louvre, Paris

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In painting, the logical development of the plot, a clear balanced composition, a clear transfer of volume, with the help of chiaroscuro the subordinate role of color, and the use of local colors acquired the main importance. Claude Lorrain "The Departure of the Queen of Sheba" Art forms Classicism is characterized by strict organization, balance, clarity and harmony of images.

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In European countries, classicism existed for two and a half centuries, and then, changing, was revived in the neoclassical movements of the 19th – 20th centuries. Works of classicism architecture were distinguished by strict organization of geometric lines, clarity of volumes, and regularity of layout.

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ROCOCO Rococo (French rococo, from rocaille, rocaille - decorative motif in the shape of a shell), a style direction in European art of the 1st half of the 18th century. Church of Francis of Assisi in Ouru Preto

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CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF ROCOCO: Refinement and complexity of forms. The whimsicality of lines and ornaments. Ease. Grace. Airiness. Flirtyness.

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Originating in France, Rococo in the field of architecture was reflected mainly in the nature of the decor, which acquired emphatically elegant, sophisticatedly complicated forms. Amalienburg near Munich.

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The image of man was lost independent meaning, the figure turned into a detail of the ornamental decoration of the interior. Rococo painting was predominantly decorative in nature. Rococo painting, closely associated with the interior, developed in decorative and easel chamber forms. Antoine Watteau “Sailing to the Island of Cythera” (1721) Fragonard “The Swing” (1767)

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REALISM Realism (French réalisme, from Late Latin reālis “real”, from Latin rēs “thing”) is an aesthetic position according to which the task of art is to capture reality as accurately and objectively as possible. The term "realism" was first used by the French literary critic J. Chanfleury in the 50s. Jules Breton. "Religious Ceremony" (1858)

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CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF REALISM: Objectivity. Accuracy. Specificity. Simplicity. Naturalness.

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Thomas Eakins. “Max Schmitt in a Boat” (1871) The birth of realism in painting is most often associated with creativity French artist Gustave Courbet (1819-1877), who opened his personal exhibition “Pavilion of Realism” in Paris in 1855. In the 1870s. realism was divided into two main directions - naturalism and impressionism. Gustave Courbet. "Funeral in Ornans." 1849-1850

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Realistic painting became widespread outside France. IN different countries she was known by different names, in Russia - itinerant movement. I. E. Repin. "Barge Haulers on the Volga" (1873)

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Conclusions: In the art of the 17th – 18th centuries, various artistic styles coexisted. Heterogeneous in their manifestations, they still had unity and community. Sometimes completely opposite artistic decisions and images were only original answers to the most important questions in the life of society and man. It is impossible to express clearly what changes have happened to XVII century in people's perception of the world. But it became obvious that the ideals of humanism did not stand the test of time. The environment, surroundings and reflection of the world in movement became the main thing for the art of the 17th – 18th centuries.