Summary of a drawing lesson in preparatory group on this topic:
"Khokhloma painting".
Goals:
1. Introduce children to the history of crafts and folk works
decorative and applied arts, painting technology and features of the Khokhloma drawing.
2. Explain the differences between the types of Khokhloma painting.
3. Promote the manifestation of accuracy in work, the development of imagination and observation.
4. Foster interest and love for folk art, a sense of pride and patriotism for the rich cultural heritage Russia. Give children the opportunity to feel like folk craftsmen.
Equipment and materials:
products with Khokhloma painting, postcards, reproductions;
poster “Khokhloma painting”;
presentations “Khokhloma painting”;
model for coloring “Saucer”;
water jar;
signet-poke (2 cotton swabs);
paper;
napkin;
During the classes:
Educator: A long time ago, in the Nizhny Novgorod Trans-Volga region, the custom of decorating wooden utensils with painting arose. In this forested region, almost everything was made of wood. The entire territory of the region was like one workshop scattered across hundreds of villages. Residents, as if by agreement, divided among themselves all types of production of wooden products. Each group of villages had a center - a large trading village, where peasants came every week to the market to sell their products. The villages where wooden utensils were sharpened and painted were located around the large trading village of Khokhloma, which gave its name to the entire art of painting. It was from here that cups and spoons scattered like firebirds all over the earth. When the merchant was asked: “Where does such a miracle come from?”, he proudly answered: “From Khokhloma.” And so it happened: Khokhloma and Khokhloma. To this day, painted dishes are called Khokhloma.
But before the dishes fell into the hands of merchants, they were made by the “golden” hands of craftsmen. How did craftsmen come up with the idea of painting wooden utensils golden without using gold? This still remains a mystery even to experts. But the process, developed over centuries, even now turns ordinary white wood into a shiny gold product.
What is the secret of colorful Khokhloma dishes? How is it made? It turns out that this is not at all easy.
1. A wooden product is coated with a liquid solution of “vapa” clay. Clay closes the pores of the wood, creating a waterproof layer.
2. After this, the products are moistened with raw linseed oil and dried well. Then cover with drying oil and dry again, repeating this operation 3-4 times.
3. The next stage is tinning. The product is covered with half-milk: tin or aluminum powder is rubbed into the product with a swab. The products become smooth, shiny and resemble metal.
4. And only now does the dyer (the person who applies the pattern) get to work. The painting is applied oil paints. All elements of painting are performed immediately with a brush, without preliminary drawing with a pencil.
5. The painted and dried product is coated with oil varnish (previously it was covered with drying oil) and placed in the oven to “heat”. When exposed to temperature, the varnish turns yellow. Then this delightful honey-golden color appears. This is how the phrase “Golden Khokhloma” arose.
According to the craftsmen, such dishes are not afraid of either heat or cold, wash well, last a long time, compete with gold in elegance, and are affordable for everyone.
Question: What colors do the masters use?
Answer: Red, black, just a little yellow and green for fine detailing.
Question: What patterns do you see on the dishes?
Answer: Leaves, berries, curls, dots.
Question: What can these drawings be compared to? Do craftsmen invent them themselves or borrow them from somewhere?
Answer: Nature has twigs, leaves, grass.
Educator: Right! The master knows and loves the forest side: here there is viburnum, rowan, lingonberry - all sorts of fruits, flowers and herbs have freedom.
Let's take a closer look and see that Khokhloma painting is divided into two types: “top” writing and “background”.
The peculiarity of “mountain” painting is to apply a pattern with strokes over a golden background.
The peculiarity of the “background” painting is that the background around the pattern is painted red or black. With this method, leaves, flowers or birds stand out against this background in the form of golden silhouettes.
But usually these two types of painting are intricately intertwined in one product.
The most favorite among Khokhloma artists is the “grass pattern” or “grass”, which vaguely resembles sedge. Often among the “grass” a flower, bird, or fish is depicted. The most intricate patterns are called “curls”: grass turns into large curls - curls.
Here are the berries. For lingonberry, currant and mountain ash berries, use a poke seal (cotton swab). But gooseberries, strawberries and raspberries are painted immediately with a brush. After the red paint has dried, the berries are “enlivened” with yellow.
A blade of grass is a thin, smoothly bending stem, from which curved stems with curls extend in all directions. The pressure of the brush is applied to the widest part of the blade of grass.
“Kudrina” is a floral-leaf pattern with rounded wide leaves with curls.
The leaflet is most often a stylized currant leaf. Leaves and flowers begin with drawing the stems, then draw the main shape of the leaf or flower. Next, draw the veins on the leaves and the stamens of the flowers.
From such elements you can create a pattern.
"The World of Magic Khokhloma"
Sprouting,
Somehow festively alive
Not easy,
Black and red grass.
The leaves are turning red
From the breath of winter.
We enter the kingdom of Berendey -
Into the world of magical Khokhloma.
(B. Dubrovsky)
And today we will try to turn into masters of Khokhloma painting and make a “grass” pattern. The art of Khokhloma is the pride of our culture. The golden patterns of Khokhloma have absorbed all the beauty of the Russian land.
In the process of independent work, the teacher provides children with creative freedom, providing individual assistance. You can turn on low volume folk music. At the end of the lesson there is an exhibition. The children place their saucers on a special stand and, together with the teacher, choose best works. The teacher does not forget to praise each student and note what they did best.
Program content:
- Learn to compose your own composition volumetric forms(spoons, plates, cups) dishes, using elements of Khokhloma painting, its coloring, plant and herbal patterns.
- Strengthen knowledge of folk crafts: Dymkovo toys, Filimonov clay whistle, Gzhel, Gorodets, Khokhloma dishes.
- Improve the ability to draw borders, branches, curls, grass, berries with the end of a brush.
- Develop independence in choosing dishes and colors.
- Cultivate interest in Russian folk arts and crafts.
Methodological support:
Items of artistic crafts: Dymkovo, Filimonovskaya clay toys, Gorodets, Gzhel, Khokhloma dishes; diagram - a hint, dishes to choose from papier-mâché: plates, spoons, cups. Gouache, brushes No. 1, 2, pokes, palettes, napkins, jars of water. Musical accompaniment.
Preliminary work: excursion to local history museum, acquaintance with Russian folk arts and crafts, training sessions on Khokhloma painting, examination of samples.
Progress of the lesson
- Guys, a guest came to see me from abroad. My guest is leaving soon and wants to take Khokhloma dishes to America as a souvenir. You know that guests from other countries take away some kind of souvenir as a souvenir. One that doesn’t exist in other countries. After all, our Russia has long been famous for its folk arts and crafts.
- So I brought a whole chest of artistic crafts, how can I sort through them and find Khokhloma? Help me do this.
I invite the children to play the game “Confusion”.
I take one item out of the chest one at a time, trying to confuse the children by naming it incorrectly. artistic craft(I take out the Dymkovo toy, calling it Khokhloma. The children correct it, etc.).
Having reached the Khokhloma dishes I say:
-What kind of plate is this?
The children answer that this wooden utensil is Khokhloma.
- Thank you children. That they helped to understand folk crafts. So I found a gift for my guest - Golden Khokhloma.
- Guys, look how many guests came to us from all over the region, because you and I can paint Khokhloma dishes ourselves.
Let's remember the features of the Khokhloma fishery. I offer a diagram - a hint, according to which children remember the features that are necessary for visual arts.
- Background (red, black, gold, yellow).
- The color scheme used in the Khokhloma fishery (black, green, gold, yellow, orange, red).
- Berry and grass ornament.
- Types of berries.
- Guys, we remembered the features of the Khokhloma fishery, now you can get to work. Select the item you will paint and go to the tables.
I offer children a choice of: plates, spoons, cups of black, red, yellow colors.
– Where should you start drawing?
– How should you draw grass and curls? (Use the end of a thin brush, alternating colors.)
– What can we use to draw berries? (Brush, poke.)
I give instructions for work:
– Pay attention to the location of the ornament (plate - in a circle, vase - along a curved line).
– Don’t make a mistake in choosing the color scheme.
– Now you will feel like real craftsmen. Each of you will come up with a pattern for Khokhloma dishes.
Under folk melody children start drawing.
Independent visual activity of children.
I provide children with the necessary assistance on an individual basis.
I bring the children to the end of work and read the poem:
Khokhloma painting is like witchcraft,
She asks herself to sing into a fairy-tale song
And nowhere in the world are there such inflorescences
Our Khokhloma is the most wonderful of all.
Children give their works to guests.
Decorative drawing
"Curl"
(based on Khokhloma painting)
(preparatory group) Educator: Permyakova V.N.
Program content.
Introduce children to decorative arts different nations. Learn to identify composition, main elements, color and use them in your drawing. Strengthen the ability to freely and easily draw curls in different directions with the end of the brush. Improve multidirectional fused hand movements and visual control over them. Develop aesthetic feelings(colors, compositions). Continue learning to evaluate completed drawings in accordance with the task.
Material.
Presentation “The Tale of Khokhloma”; video “Khokhloma” (group “Fidgets”); audio recording of music for drawing. Household items decorated with Khokhloma painting, made based on Khokhloma. Cut-out paper outlines of cutting boards in yellow, red, black and green; paints: watercolor, gouache; palette; brushes; water; napkins; samples.
Connecting with others educational areas.
Introduction to arts and crafts and contemporary art(fabrics, dishes, scarves, etc.), viewing albums with Khokhloma painting, creating the “Museum of Khokhloma Painting.”
Progress of the lesson.
Clip “Khokhloma” (group “Fidgets”).
Hello guys, I came to visit you from the village of Khokhloma Nizhny Novgorod region. In our region there is a wonderful museum of Khokhloma painting, there are many interesting and beautiful objects. All these items were made and painted by our folk craftsmen. You'd like to see them with your own eyes. Then I invite you to watch the film “The Tale of Khokhloma.” Sit down on the chairs.
II Main part.
The teacher begins to show the presentation “The Tale of Khokhloma.” Children, together with the teacher, read the title of the presentation.
Tale of Khokhloma. The tale begins not about us, not about you, but about a wonderful drawing magic grass.
They say that in ancient times there lived in the city of Moscow a master icon painter. The king highly valued his skill and generously rewarded him for his work. The master loved his craft, but most of all he loved his free life, and therefore one day he secretly left the royal court and moved to the deep Kerzhen forests.
He built himself a hut and began to do the same thing. He dreamed of an art that would become familiar to everyone, like a simple Russian song, and that beauty would be reflected in it native land. This is how the first Khokhloma cups appeared, decorated with lush flowers and thin branches.
The fame of the great master spread throughout the land.
People came from everywhere to admire his skill. Many people built huts here and settled nearby.
Finally, the master’s fame reached the formidable sovereign, and he ordered a detachment of archers to find the fugitive and bring him. But popular rumor flew faster than the archers’ feet. The master learned about his misfortune, gathered his fellow villagers and revealed to them the secrets of his craft. And in the morning, when the royal envoys entered the village, everyone saw the miracle artist’s hut burning with a bright flame. The hut burned down, and no matter how they looked for the master himself, he was nowhere to be found. Only its colors remained on the ground, which seemed to have absorbed both the heat of the flame and the blackness of the ashes.
The master disappeared, but his skill did not disappear, and Khokhloma colors still burn with a bright flame, reminding everyone of the happiness of freedom, and of the heat of love for people, and of the thirst for beauty. Apparently, the master’s brush was not a simple one - a brush made of sun rays.
Such is the legend. They always tell it a little differently, and everyone who is curious can read it in collections of legends and fairy tales of the Nizhny Novgorod region. Like any legend, there is a lot of fiction in it, but its truth is that great skill and great art are preserved only when they are passed from hand to hand, from teacher to student. This is what happened with Khokhloma.
Let's admire the products of Khokhloma masters.
What do you see? Describe verbally what kind of dishes? ( beautiful dishes, bright, joyful, rich, colorful!)
What material is this cookware made of? (Made of wood.)
Are all household items painted in the same way? Do you know this painting? (Khokhloma)
This is the Museum of Khokhloma painting. Now we will walk through the hall of this museum. What does it contain?
Let's take a closer look at Khokhloma products - trays. What primary colors did Khokhloma masters use for the background? (Red, yellow, green, black).
People attach their own meaning to each color. Red – fire, love, devotion. Golden – sun, light, warmth. Black – earth, solemnity. Green is life.
Herbal ornament, or “grass”,
This is typical for all Khokhloma,
Wonderful drawing magical land!
Elements of grass painting.
Do you think there are few or many elements in the painting? Of course a lot.
“Sedges” are the simplest element. It is performed by lightly moving the tip of the brush from top to bottom.
“Curls” are performed like “antennae”, only with light pressure in the middle of the element.
“Droplets” are performed by applying a brush to the product.
“Bushes” are depicted as a continuous line of equal thickness, twisted into a spiral.
Kriul Curls are simple in shape, but pleasing to the eye.
The wonderful pattern is rich and elegant.
On the gold background with an intricate snake
The ornament curls here - try it!
For a long time in Rus', images of flowering bushes and fruits were considered a wish for goodness, prosperity and happiness.
Khokhloma artists call the berries affectionately, and the same master will never paint them the same way.
Currant berries
Currants and rowan berries are drawn with a “poke” or a “frog” (a piece of sheep’s wool wrapped around a stick), and we can draw them cotton swab.
But look - a familiar plot.
Did you recognize the fairy tale? Did you find out or not?
No one has seen the Firebird, so each master paints it in his own way. You have already done the same in the application according to your own ideas.
Slide 18-20
Khokhloma is modern art. You can paint it anywhere, on any objects.
Who do you think it is? (Masters of painting.)
Khokhloma brush! Thank you very much!
Tell a fairy tale for the joy of life!
You, like the soul of the people, are beautiful,
You, like people, serve the Fatherland!
Guys, look at the exhibition of Khokhloma dishes, did I mix up anything?
Game "Remove the extra object"
Guys, have you noticed what an elegant apron I’m wearing?
Game "Find the curl on my apron."
Well done! You remember very well the element of Khokhloma painting “Curl”
Would you like to work as masters of Khokhloma painting today? I - chief master, and you are my apprentices.
Today I want to teach you how to draw one of the “curl” elements, which is very important for Khokhloma. What element of painting will we learn to draw? (curl). Correct curl.
I want to remind you where to start drawing.
Place gouache on the tip of the brush and with light hand movements, using the tip of the brush, draw a thin twig in one direction and the other.
Now we draw a “curl” from the branch on one side, longer and shorter on the other side. And so on every branch. Let me remind you that the curl can be long or short.
It turns out to be a very beautiful painting. What other elements can you decorate a branch with? (berries, leaves, grass). Which one of you wants to add to my thread? (The child decorates the twig with a pattern of his own choosing.)
And now, I suggest you draw the Khokhloma pattern yourself. But don’t forget: The main pattern of the painting is a curl. You will paint the boards. I brought preparations for you. I suggest you choose the board background red, yellow, black. Choose what you will work with and sit down.
Think about what colors of gouache you will use in your work. Which color will stand out brighter against the background of the board.
Let's take a dry brush in our hands and try to make movements in the air, and now on the board, as if you were easily drawing a twig in one direction or the other without pressing. And from her there is a curl. Now put some gouache on the tip of the brush and start painting the board.
Children draw to music.
What wonderful paintings you have done. All the boards are so beautiful. Let's arrange an exhibition of your works. I will help you with this. Let all the kindergarten children come to your exhibition and admire your works
Permyakova Vera Nikolaevna
Elena Vakhrushina
Tasks:
1. Continue to introduce subjects Khokhloma painting. Introduce the view
Khokhloma painting"grass" and her elements: "sedge", "droplets", "antennae",
"curl", "bush". Give an idea of the color scheme of the ornament.
Learn draw an ornament"grass". Continue to improve techniques for working with
paints. Strengthen the skill paint with the entire brush and the tip of the brush, adjusting it
position and force of pressure on the hand. Introduce new people words: "sedge",
"perpendicular". Activate dictionary: "bowl", "solonitsa", "supplies",
"body", "spiral", "droplets", "antennae", "curl", "bush".
2. Develop memory, attention, speech.
3. Cultivate feelings of beauty.
Equipment:
Russian folk music.
- Khokhloma dishes;
Gouache paints (yellow, red, green) ;
Squirrel brushes No. 2 and 3;
Jar of water;
Flannel napkins;
Blanks Khokhloma dishes(spoons) .
Move:1. Organizing time.
Guys, let's play. Finger gymnastics "Helpers":
One two three four, (Rhythmic fist and clap strikes alternately) .
We washed the dishes: .
Teapot, cup, ladle, spoon
And a big ladle. (We bend our fingers one at a time for each name of the dish) .
We washed the dishes (One palm slides over the other) .
We just broke the cup,
The ladle also fell apart,
The teapot's nose is broken, (Bend your fingers again) .
We broke the spoon a little.
This is how we helped mom. (Rhythmic fist and clap strikes alternately) .
2. Motivational-target stage.
Guys, look at the table. Look at the objects that stand on it.
(The teacher invites the children to look at the dishes Khokhloma painting) .
3. Learning new things.
Who knows what they are called? Where do you think they were made and from what?
(Answers children) .
That's right, they are made of wood and painted by master artists. (Slides 1-7) Let's
Let's take a closer look at these items. On the round golden sides of hospitable
the bowls depict bright red and black blades of grass; the body of the vase bends
delicate leaves and twigs with elastic, as if shining in the sun, black berries
currants. On the surface of the sugar bowl, salt shaker and supply - that’s what it’s called
cylindrical vessel with a lid - flowers never seen before gold
flowers. The fiery red color of the dishes and golden the radiance of the patterns really evokes the feeling of a hot flame, fire. And it’s not for nothing that the fire turned wooden
the surfaces of these things gold. Why are the items discussed
are called Khokhloma? How they are born under the hands of skilled craftsmen and how
different from other works of folk art? Answers to these questions
sound in the lines of a Russian song.
Like hops beyond the Volga
It curls over the bush.
Yar hops have overflowed
To our side.
Like on our side
Housing is very rich:
Silver leaves
Flowers gold.
How passionately you need to love your land to compose such a song! As needed
deeply feel and see everything that surrounds you in order to express it in song and
drawing. (Slides 8-13)
Walking through the forest, along the river bank, you are surprised by the abundant herbs of your native meadows, above
which in the summer heat have a sweet honey aroma and buzz to all voices
shaggy working bees. You will lie down on this ground and begin to look at a blade of grass
by blade of grass, flower by flower, leaf by leaf - how many of them are different and
similar to each other. There are curly branches of ants and flexible saber sedges. All
they strive upward, towards the sun. Loving my native land with all my heart and
admiring her, Russian people not only sang of her beauty in songs and fairy tales, but also
created simple household items, decorated with bright ornate paintings, in
which brought natural motifs to life. True works of art
these things become - beautiful shape, easy to use, skillfully
fulfilled. Today we will start learning how to transfer elements Khokhloma painting in
drawing. The masters did not at all strive to show the plants exactly as they were
we saw them in the forest, in the clearing. Khokhloma Images decorative: they are in
in general, convey the beauty of living life, decorating objects with plant
ornament. This is a pattern of flowers, herbs and berries. Khokhloma artists and They say:
“I am writing under a floral design”.(Slides 14-18) There are several types of it. Most
ancient and beloved by artists - "grass ornament", or simply "grass".
These are elongated, slightly curved blades of grass, written in groups of three, five or more.
bushes. Separate "grass" resembles sedge. One of the types of this ornament is
called "sedge". "Grass" usually written in red and black. Her
the main wide leaves are juicy because the brush takes a lot of paint and it
fits tightly. The tips of the leaves are written thinly; they curl, as if bending from
wind. "Grass"- a mandatory part of any floral ornament Khokhloma.
Very often among bushes and twigs of black, red, green or yellow "weed"
the artist places berries, birds and fish. This ornament is also called
"herbal" or the name of a berry or flower. Today we will study paint
the simplest element of a grass ornament.
(The teacher shows the ornament) .
All elements of the grass ornament are drawn immediately with a brush, without applying
preliminary pencil drawing. The brush must be held with three fingers,
perpendicular to the surface of the sheet, i.e. the brush handle looks up at the ceiling. "Osochka" performed by lightly moving the tip of the brush from top to bottom. "Blanks of Grass"
are drawn smoothly, with thickening. "Droplets" are drawn using a technique known to all of you
dipping. "Mustache" are drawn as a continuous line twisted into a spiral.
"Bush"- the most complex element "weed" performed from simple "sedge",
located symmetrically on paper, i.e. at the same distance from each other.
And now we will take the blanks of the dishes and paint them.
(Children do work to Russian folk music)
4. Summing up.
Well done boys. Bring your works, we’ll set up an exhibition and admire yours
Khokhloma dishes. At the end of our watch the classes, How Khokhloma painting can decorate modern world in which you and I live. (Slides 19-22
Publications on the topic:
Integrated entertainment in the preparatory group “Wonderful, wonderful, wonderful, Golden Khokhloma” Integrated entertainment in the preparatory group: “Wonderful, marvelous, marvelous - Golden Khokhloma” Program content: - Deepen knowledge.
Summary of educational activities on the formation of a holistic picture of the world for the middle-age group “Golden Khokhloma” Municipal budget preschool educational institution « Kindergarten combined type No. 45". The summary is immediate.
Summary of GCD in the preparatory group “Golden Khokhloma” Summary of GCD in the preparatory group: “Golden Khokhloma”. Objectives: to arouse interest in folklore applied arts; consolidate knowledge.
Summary of a lesson in visual arts for children of the preparatory school group “Golden Khokhloma” Summary of a lesson on visual arts for children in the preparatory group for school Topic: “Golden Khokhloma” Program objectives:.
Goal of the work: introducing older preschoolers to the basics of arts and craftsEquipment:
Exhibition of dolls in Gzhel costumes and dishes
Items of decorative and applied art (Zhostovo trays, Palekh boxes, Filimonov whistles, Khokhloma dishes, nesting dolls (Semyonov, etc.), an exhibition of Gzhel dishes and dolls in “Gzhel” costumes (At the beginning of the lesson, it is covered with blue and white chiffon), Cut-out pictures To didactic game“Assemble the picture and guess the painting”, Drawing of Gzhel dishes, painted over with white paint so that blue patterns appear, contour blanks of Gzhel dishes, blue gouache, brushes No. 1 and 2.
1. Organizational part.
Educator. Guys, today we will take a journey into the world of beauty, goodness, into the world of amazing creations of folk craftsmen. And for this we must smile at each other and say hello.
Hello, golden sun!
Hello, blue sky!
Hello, light breeze!
Hello little leaf!
We live in our native land.
I greet you all! (Children repeat the movements after the teacher)
Educator. Folk art has its roots in ancient times. People have always had a need to decorate their life, the things that constantly surrounded them. What did they describe? folk artists? (Children list the objects lying on the table)
All these beautiful and useful things were made by folk craftsmen with their own hands. They gave us and all the people a real holiday. They believe that all these things are not only necessary in everyday life, but also decorate our lives.
Please come here. Here are the pieces of the mosaic. Put the pieces together to create a whole picture and see what you come up with.
Didactic game “Collect the picture and guess the painting”
Conversation during the game. What's in your picture? What kind of painting is this? What elements of Gorodets painting can be seen in this picture? What kind of dishes were painted in Gorodets? How do Filimonov toys differ from all others? What patterns were drawn on Filimonov whistles? In what village were they made? beautiful toys? What elements make up Dymkovo patterns?
And I have a lot prepared for you beautiful picture. Look at the magical blue Gzhel patterns on her. Oh, what is this, I don’t understand anything?
Who did this? I painted over all the blue patterns, as if frozen......
Educator. Gee. Winter covered blue Gzhel with snow. (we approach the tables). And our dishes, which we painted yesterday, were covered with snowflakes and no patterns were visible. There’s not even anything to surprise moms and dads with. We will have to work hard again, to return the patterns to the dishes. Maybe then Gzhel will return to us.
2. Practical part.
I think that this will not be difficult for you to do, because you are real craftsmen, masters of your craft. First, let's remember what the painting is called, the elements of which we used yesterday when painting dishes? (Gzhel painting)
What kind of paint do we need?
What brush techniques did you use when painting? (Painting with the whole brush, with the tip of the brush, dabbing, smearing)
3. Independent work children.
Educator. Now sit back and get to work. Don't rush, remember the proverbs that the Russian people came up with about those who are in a hurry. (If you hurry, you will make people laugh. If you do it quickly, you will redo it.)
4. Final part.
Bring your finished works to the exhibition. Analysis of works.