The image of the “eternal” Sonechka (based on F. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment”). Essay “Eternal Sonechka”

31.03.2019

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment” is one of the most complex works of Russian literature, in which the author told about the story of the death of the soul of the main character after he committed a crime, about the alienation of Rodion Raskolnikov from the whole world, from the people closest to him - his mother, sister, friend. Reading the novel, you realize how deeply the author penetrated into the souls and hearts of his characters, how he comprehended human character, and with what genius he told about the moral upheavals of the main character. The central figure of the novel is, of course, Rodion Raskolnikov. But there are many others in Crime and Punishment characters. These are Razumikhin, Avdotya Romanovna and Pulcheria Alexandrovna, the Raskolnikovs, Pyotr Petrovich Luzhin, the Marmeladovs. The Marmeladov family plays special role in the novel. After all, it was to Sonechka Marmeladova, her faith and selfless love that Raskolnikov owed his spiritual rebirth.

She was a girl of about eighteen, short, thin, but quite pretty, blonde with wonderful blue eyes. Her great love, a tormented but pure soul, capable of seeing a person even in a murderer, empathizing with him, suffering with him, saved Raskolnikov. Yes, Sonya is a “harlot,” as Dostoevsky writes about her, but she was forced to sell herself in order to save her stepmother’s children from starvation. Even in her terrible situation, Sonya managed to remain human; drunkenness and debauchery did not affect her. But in front of her was shining example a fallen father, completely crushed by poverty and his own powerlessness to change anything in his life. Patience of Sonya and her life force largely stem from her faith. She believes in God, in justice with all her heart, she believes blindly, recklessly. And what else can an eighteen-year-old girl believe in, whose entire education is “a few books of romantic content,” seeing around her only drunken quarrels, illnesses, debauchery and human grief?

For Sonya, all people have the same right to life. No one can achieve happiness, his own or someone else's, through crime. A sin remains a sin, no matter who commits it and for what purpose. Personal happiness cannot be a goal.

A person has no right to selfish happiness, he must endure, and through suffering he achieves true, non-selfish happiness. Reading the legend of the resurrection of Lazarus to Raskolnikov, Sonya awakens faith, love and repentance in his soul. “They were resurrected by love, the heart of one contained endless sources of life for the heart of the other.” Rodion came to what Sonya called him to, he overestimated life and its essence, as evidenced by his words: “Can her convictions now not be my convictions? Her feelings, her aspirations, at least...” Touched With Sonya’s sympathy, Rodion “goes to her as a close friend, he himself confesses to her the murder, tries, confused about the reasons, to explain to her why he did it, asks her not to leave him in misfortune and receives an order from her: to go to the square , kiss the ground and repent before all the people.” In this advice to Sonya, it is as if the voice of the author himself is heard, striving to lead his hero to suffering, and through suffering - to atonement.

Sacrifice, faith, love and chastity - these are the qualities that the author embodied in Sonya. Being surrounded by vice, forced to sacrifice her dignity, Sonya retained the purity of her soul and the belief that “there is no happiness in comfort, happiness is bought by suffering, a person is not born for happiness: a person deserves his happiness, and always through suffering.” And so Sonya, who also “transgressed” and ruined her soul, a “man of high spirit”, of the same “class” as Raskolnikov, condemns him for his contempt for people and does not accept his “rebellion”, his “axe”, which, as it seemed to Raskolnikov , was raised in her name.

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The image of Sonechka Marmeladova in the novel “Crime and Punishment” is for Dostoevsky the embodiment of eternal humility and suffering female soul with her compassion for loved ones, love for people and boundless self-sacrifice. The meek and quiet Sonechka Marmeladova, weak, timid, unrequited, in order to save her family and relatives from hunger, decides to do something terrible for a woman. We understand that her decision is an inevitable, inexorable result of the conditions in which she lives, but at the same time it is an example of active action in the name of saving the perishing. She has nothing but her body, and therefore the only possible way for her to save the little Marmeladovs from starvation is to engage in prostitution. Seventeen-year-old Sonya made her own choice, decided on her own, chose the path herself, feeling neither resentment nor anger towards Katerina Ivanovna, whose words were the final push that brought Sonya to the panel. Therefore, her soul did not become bitter, did not hate the world hostile to her, the dirt street life didn't touch her soul. Her endless love for humanity saves her. Sonechka's whole life is an eternal sacrifice, a selfless and endless sacrifice. But for Sonya this is the meaning of life, her happiness, her joy, she cannot live otherwise. Her love for people, like an eternal spring, nourishes her tormented soul, gives her strength to walk thorny path, which is her whole life. She even thought about suicide to get rid of shame and torment. Raskolnikov also believed that “it would be fairer and wiser to dive straight into the water and end it all at once!” But suicide for Sonya would be too selfish an option, and she thought about “them” - the hungry children, and therefore consciously and humbly accepted the fate prepared for her. Humility, submission, Christian forgiving love towards people, self-denial is the main thing in Sonya’s character.

Raskolnikov believes that Sonya’s sacrifice was in vain, that she did not save anyone, but only “ruined” herself. But life refutes these words of Raskolnikov. It is to Sonya that Raskolnikov comes to confess his sin - the murder he committed. It is she who forces Raskolnikov to confess to the crime, proving that the true meaning of life is repentance and suffering. She believes that no person has the right to take the life of another: “And who made me a judge: who should live, who should die?” Raskolnikov's beliefs terrify her, but she does not push him away from her. Great compassion makes her strive to convince, to morally cleanse Raskolnikov’s ruined soul. Sonya saves Raskolnikov, her love resurrects him to life.

Love helped Sonya understand that he was unhappy, that, despite all his visible pride, he needed help and support. Love helped to overcome such an obstacle as a double murder in order to try to resurrect and save the killer. Sonya goes to get Raskolnikov to hard labor. Sonya's love and sacrifice cleanse her from her shameful and sad past. Sacrifice in love is an eternal trait characteristic of Russian women.

Sonya finds salvation for herself and for Raskolnikov in faith in God. Her faith in God is her last self-affirmation, giving her the opportunity to do good in the name of those to whom she sacrifices herself, her argument in favor of the fact that her sacrifice will not be useless, that life will soon find its outcome in universal justice. Hence her inner strength and perseverance, helping to get through the “circles of hell” of her joyless and tragic life. A lot can be said about Sonya. She can be considered a heroine or an eternal martyr, but it is simply impossible not to admire her courage, her inner strength, her patience.

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You can be great in humility.

F. M. Dostoevsky

The image of Sonechka Marmeladova in the novel “Crime and Punishment” is for Dostoevsky the embodiment of the eternal humility and suffering of the female soul with its compassion for loved ones, love for people and boundless self-sacrifice. The meek and quiet Sonechka Marmeladova, weak, timid, unrequited, in order to save her family and relatives from hunger, decides to do something terrible for a woman. We understand that her decision is an inevitable, inexorable result of the conditions in which she lives, but at the same time it is an example of active action in the name of saving the perishing. She has nothing but her body, and therefore the only possible way for her to save the little Marmeladovs from starvation is to engage in prostitution. Seventeen-year-old Sonya made her own choice, decided on her own, chose the path herself, feeling neither resentment nor anger towards Katerina Ivanovna, whose words were the final push that brought Sonya to the panel. Therefore, her soul did not become bitter, did not hate the world hostile to her, the dirt of street life did not touch her soul. Her endless love for humanity saves her. Sonechka's whole life is an eternal sacrifice, a selfless and endless sacrifice. But for Sonya this is the meaning of life, her happiness, her joy, she cannot live otherwise. Her love for people, like an eternal spring, feeds her tormented soul, gives her strength to walk along the thorny path that is her whole life. She even thought about suicide to get rid of shame and torment. Raskolnikov also believed that “it would be fairer and wiser to dive straight into the water and end it all at once!” But suicide for Sonya would be too selfish an option, and she thought about “them” - the hungry children, and therefore consciously and humbly accepted the fate prepared for her. Humility, submission, Christian all-forgiving love for people, self-denial are the main things in Sonya’s character.

Sonya finds salvation for herself and for Raskolnikov in faith in God. Her faith in God is her last self-affirmation, giving her the opportunity to do good in the name of those to whom she sacrifices herself, her argument in favor of the fact that her sacrifice will not be useless, that life will soon find its outcome in universal justice. Hence her inner strength and resilience, which help her go through the “circles of hell” of her joyless and tragic life. A lot can be said about Sonya. She can be considered a heroine or an eternal martyr, but it is simply impossible not to admire her courage, her inner strength, her patience.

F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment” presents the reader with a gallery of characters who not only push Rodion Raskolnikov to commit a crime, but also directly or indirectly contribute to the protagonist’s recognition of his crime, Raskolnikov’s awareness of the inconsistency of his theory, which was the main cause of the crime.
One of the central places in the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky is occupied by the image of Sonya Marmeladova, a heroine whose fate evokes our sympathy and respect. The more we learn about it, the more we are convinced of its purity and nobility, the more we begin to think about true human values. Sonya’s image and judgments force us to look deep into ourselves and help us appreciate what is happening around us.

This girl with difficult fate. Sonya's mother passed away early, her father married another woman who has her own children. Need forced Sonya to earn money in a low way: she was forced to go to work. It would seem that after such an act, Sonya should have become angry with her stepmother, because she almost forced Sonya to earn money in this way. But Sonya forgave her, moreover, every month she brings money to the house in which she no longer lives. Sonya has changed outwardly, but her soul remains the same: crystal clear. Sonya is ready to sacrifice herself for the sake of others, and not everyone can do this. She could live “in spirit and mind,” but she must feed her family. She committed a sin, dared to sell herself. But at the same time, she does not require or expect any gratitude. She does not blame Katerina Ivanovna for anything, she simply resigns herself to her fate. “... And she just took our large green draded shawl (we have a common shawl, a draded damask one), covered her head and face with it completely and lay down on the bed, facing the wall, only her shoulders and body were all shaking...” Sonya closes face, because she is ashamed, ashamed of herself and God. Therefore, she rarely comes home, only to give money, she is embarrassed when meeting Raskolnikov’s sister and mother, she feels awkward even at the wake own father, where she was so shamelessly insulted. Sonya is lost under Luzhin's pressure; her meekness and quiet disposition make it difficult to stand up for herself.
All the heroine’s actions surprise with their sincerity and openness. She does nothing for herself, everything is for the sake of someone: her stepmother, stepbrothers and sister, Raskolnikov. The image of Sonya is the image of a true Christian and righteous woman. He is revealed most fully in the scene of Raskolnikov’s confession. Here we see Sonechkin’s theory - the “theory of God”. The girl cannot understand and accept Raskolnikov’s ideas; she denies his elevation above everyone, his disdain for people. The very concept of " extraordinary person“, just as the possibility of breaking the “law of God” is unacceptable. For her, everyone is equal, everyone will appear before the court of the Almighty. In her opinion, there is no person on Earth who would have the right to condemn his own kind and decide their fate. "Kill? Do you have the right to kill? - exclaims the indignant Sonya. Despite her reverence for Raskolnikov, she will never accept his theory.
The girl never makes an attempt to justify her position. She considers herself a sinner. Due to the circumstances, Sonya, like Raskolnikov, transgressed the moral law: “We are cursed together, we will go together,” Raskolnikov tells her. However, the difference between them is that he transgressed through the life of another person , and she - through her own. Sonya calls Raskolnikov to repentance, she agrees to bear his cross with him, to help him come to the truth through suffering. We have no doubt about her words, the reader is sure that Sonya will follow Raskolnikov everywhere, everywhere and always will be with him. And why does she need to go to Siberia, live in poverty, suffer for the sake of a person who is dry, cold, and rejects you? Only she, the “eternal Sonechka,” could do this. kind hearted And selfless love to people. Dostoevsky managed to create a unique image: a prostitute, respectful, the love of everyone around - the idea of humanism and Christianity permeates this image. Everyone loves and honors her: Katerina Ivanovna, her children, neighbors, and convicts, whom Sonya helps for free. Reading the Gospel to Raskolnikov, the legend of the resurrection of Lazarus, Sonya awakens faith, love and repentance in his soul. “They were resurrected by love, the heart of one contained endless sources of life for the heart of the other.” Rodion came to what Sonya called him to, he overestimated life and its essence, as evidenced by his words: “Can her beliefs now not be my beliefs? Her feelings, her aspirations at least..."

In my opinion, the fate of Sonechka finally convinced Raskolnikov of the fallacy of his theory. He saw before him not a “trembling creature”, not a humble victim of circumstances, but a man whose self-sacrifice is far from humility and is aimed at saving the perishing, at effectively caring for his neighbors. Sonya, selfless in her devotion to family and love, is ready to share Raskolnikov’s fate. She sincerely believes that Raskolnikov will be able to resurrect for a new life.

The basis of Sonya Marmeladova’s personality is her faith in man, in the indestructibility of good in his soul, in the fact that sympathy, self-sacrifice, forgiveness and universal love will save the world. Having created the image of Sonya Marmeladova, Dostoevsky outlined the antipode of Raskolnikov and his theories (goodness, mercy opposing evil). Life position The girl reflects the views of the writer himself, his belief in goodness, justice, forgiveness and humility, but, above all, love for a person, no matter what he may be.

The image of the “eternal” Sonechka (based on F. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment”)

The embodiment of the humanistic philosophy of F. M. Dostoevsky, implying selfless service to people, the implementation of Christian morality, which brings undivided good, was the image of Sonechka Marmeladova. It was she who managed to resist the world of evil and violence surrounding her thanks to the strength and purity of her soul. Already in the description of the heroine, the author’s attitude towards her is revealed: “... She was a modestly and even poorly dressed girl, very young... with a modest and decent manner, with a clear, but seemingly somewhat intimidated face.” Warmth and cordiality are inherent in these words.

Like all the poor people presented in the novel, the Marmeladov family is mired in terrible poverty. Always drunk, having lost self-respect, resigned to the injustice of life, Marmeladov, sick Katerina Ivanovna, helpless children - all of them, born of their time, are deeply unhappy people, pathetic in their helplessness. And they would not have escaped death if not for seventeen-year-old Sonechka, who found the only way out to save her family - to sell her own body. For a girl with deep Christian convictions, such an act is the biggest sacrifice. After all, by violating the Christian commandments, she commits a terrible sin and dooms her soul to eternal suffering. But Sonya did it for the sake of her loved ones. The mercy and compassion of this girl knows no bounds. Even having come into contact with the very bottom, having experienced all the baseness and abomination of humanity, she retained endless love for humanity, faith in goodness, stood her ground and was not like those who sell and buy human bodies and souls, without suffering from pangs of conscience.

That is why Raskolnikov comes to Sonechka to open his ailing soul to her. But in the hero’s opinion, Sonya’s sin is no less, and maybe even more, terrible than his. Raskolnikov considers her sacrifice senseless, not understanding or accepting the idea of responsibility for the lives of loved ones. And only this thought helps Sonechka come to terms with her fall, forget about her suffering, because the awareness of her own sinfulness pushed Sonya to commit suicide, which could save her from shame and moral torment.

Believing that Sonechka, by not saving anyone, only “ruined” herself, Raskolnikov hopes to find his reflection in her, to make her believe in his idea. He asks her a question: what is better - for a scoundrel to “live and do abominations” or to an honest man die? To which Sonechka responds with all her characteristic spontaneity: “But I can’t know God’s providence... And who made me the judge here: who should live and who should not live?” Raskolnikov's hopes were not justified. Sonechka is ready to sacrifice herself for the sake of others, but cannot accept the murder of one person for the benefit of others. That is why she became Raskolnikov’s main opponent, directing all her forces to destroy his immoral theory.

Fragile, meek Sonechka shows remarkable strength in her own humility. “Eternal” Sonechka sacrifices herself, and in her actions it is impossible to find the boundaries between good and evil. Just as, forgetting herself, she saved her family, she strives to save Raskolnikov, who is “terribly, infinitely unhappy.” She tries to lead him to the basics of the Christian faith, which preaches humility and repentance. This is what the writer says through the mouth of Soniechka, which helps to cleanse the soul of the evil that destroys it. Thanks to her Christian beliefs, the girl survived in this cruel world, keeping hope for a bright future.

Sonechka helps Raskolnikov understand the unnaturalness, inhumanity of his theory, and accept the sprouts of goodness and love into his heart. Sonechka's love and her ability for self-sacrifice lead the hero to moral rebirth, to the first step on the path to saving his soul. “Can her convictions not now also be my convictions?” thinks Raskolnikov, realizing that only “with endless love will he now atone for all her suffering.”

The image of the “eternal” Sonechka (based on F. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment”). Essay “Eternal Sonechka”

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The image of the “eternal” Sonechka (based on F. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment”)