In his early romantic works, Maxim Gorky resorted to the proven method of “story within a story.” The author listens to the wise Nadyr-Rahim-Ogly, an old Crimean shepherd, telling him legends and fairy tales, singing strange songs, and then beautiful language conveys to readers what he heard. This allows the author to achieve the authenticity that he needs. We unconditionally believe in the existence of the Snake and the Falcon, in their conversation. The author does not need to convince the reader of the authenticity of events. Yes, it doesn’t matter whether this is a fairy tale or a true story.
The author shows two philosophies, two ways of life. Already contrasts “the madness of the brave” with “low truths”; he even hides behind ostentatious patriotism: “Let those who cannot love the earth live in deception. I know the truth. And I won’t believe their calls. Creation of the earth, I live by the earth.” The author seems to agree with this bourgeois philosophy. But this is only an external impression. Gorky invites the reader to make a choice himself, and does not decide everything for him. The author seems to be saying: “Yes, there is life, there is truth, but it is not eternal. The development of life gives birth to new truths.”
Gorky is a master short story. With short but vivid phrases, he is able to say much more than is sometimes hidden behind long philosophical arguments. Gorky's skill and artistic talent were revealed already in his early work. “Across the dark blue sky, with a golden pattern of stars, something solemn is written, enchanting the soul, confusing the mind with the sweet expectation of some kind of revelation.” This is confirmed by the “Song of the Falcon”
“Makar Chudra” is the first printed work of A. M. Peshkov. It appeared in the Tiflis newspaper "Caucasus" in 1892 and was signed by the pseudonym that was destined to soon become known throughout the world - Maxim Gorky. The publication of the first story was preceded by years of wanderings of the author throughout Rus', to which he was driven by an insatiable desire to get to know Russia, to unravel the mystery of a huge destitute country, to understand the cause of the suffering of its people. The future writer’s knapsack did not always contain a loaf of bread, but there was always a thick notebook with notes about interesting events and the people he met along the way. Later, these notes turned into poems and stories, many of which have not reached us.
In his early works, including Makar Chudra, Gorky appears to us as a romantic writer. Main character- old gypsy Makar Chudra. For him, the most important thing in life is personal freedom, which he would never trade for anything. He believes that the peasant is a slave who was born only to pick the earth and die without even having time to dig his own grave. His maximalist desire for freedom is also embodied by the heroes of the legend he tells. A young, beautiful gypsy couple - Loiko Zobar and Rad-da - love each other. But both of them have such a strong desire for personal freedom that they even look at their love as a chain that fetters their independence. Each of them, declaring their love, sets their own conditions, trying to dominate. This leads to a tense conflict that ends with the death of the heroes. Loiko gives in to Radda, kneels before her in front of everyone, which among the gypsies is considered a terrible humiliation, and at the same moment kills her. And he himself dies at the hands of her father.
The peculiarity of the composition of this story, as already mentioned, is that the author puts a romantic legend into the mouth of the main character. She helps us understand him more deeply inner world and a value system. For Makar Chudra, Loiko and Rudd are ideals of love of freedom. He is sure that two beautiful feelings, pride and love, brought to their highest expression, cannot be reconciled. A person worthy of emulation, in his understanding, must preserve his personal freedom at the cost own life. Another feature of the composition of this work is the presence of the image of the narrator. It is almost invisible, but we can easily recognize the author himself in it. He doesn't quite agree with his hero. We do not hear any direct objections to Makar Chudra. But at the end of the story, where the narrator, looking into the darkness of the steppe, sees how Loiko Zobar and Radda “were spinning in the darkness of the night smoothly and silently, and the handsome Loiko could not catch up with the proud Radda,” his position is revealed. The independence and pride of these people, of course, admire and attract, but these same traits doom them to loneliness and the impossibility of happiness. They are slaves to their freedom, they are not able to sacrifice even for the people they love.
To express the feelings of the characters and his own, the author widely uses the technique landscape sketches. Seascape is a kind of frame for the whole storyline story. The sea is closely connected with state of mind heroes: at first it is calm, only the “damp, cold wind” carries “across the steppe the thoughtful melody of the splash of a wave running onto the shore and the rustling of coastal bushes.” But then it began to rain, the wind became stronger, and the sea rumbled dully and angrily and sang a gloomy and solemn hymn to the proud couple of handsome gypsies. At all characteristic feature This story is its musicality. Music accompanies the entire story about the fate of the lovers. “You can’t say anything about her, this Radda, in words. Perhaps its beauty could be played on a violin, and even then to someone who knows this violin like his own soul.”
Gorky's work initial stage bears a strong imprint of the new literary movement- the so-called revolutionary romanticism. Philosophical ideas of an aspiring talented writer, passion, emotionality of his prose, new
approach to man differed sharply from naturalistic prose, which went into petty everyday realism and chose hopeless boredom as its theme human existence, and from the aesthetic approach to literature and life, which saw value only in “refined” emotions, heroes and words.
For youth there are two most important components of life, two vectors of existence. This is love and freedom. In Gorky's stories "Makar Chudra" and "Old Woman Izergil" love and freedom become the theme of the stories told by the main characters. Gorky's plot discovery - that old age tells about youth and love - allows us to give a perspective, the point of view of a young man who lives by love and sacrifices everything for it, and a man who has lived his life, seen a lot and is able to understand what is really important, what remains at the end of a long journey.
The heroes of the two parables told by the old woman Izergil are complete opposites. Danko is an example of love-self-sacrifice, love-giving. He cannot live, separating himself from his tribe, people, he feels unhappy and unfree if the people are unfree and unhappy. Pure sacrificial love and the desire for heroism were characteristic of romantic revolutionaries who dreamed of dying for universal human ideals, could not imagine life without sacrifice, did not hope and did not want to live to old age. Danko gives his heart, illuminating the path for people. This is a fairly simple symbol: only a pure heart, full of love and altruism, can become a beacon and only selfless sacrifice will help free the people. The tragedy of the parable is that people forget about those who sacrificed themselves for them. They are ungrateful, but perfectly aware of this, Danko does not think about the meaning of his dedication, does not expect recognition or reward. Gorky argues with the official church concept of merit, in which a person does good deeds, knowing in advance that he will be rewarded. The writer gives an opposite example: the reward for a feat is the feat itself and the happiness of the people for whose sake it was accomplished.
The son of an eagle is the complete opposite of Danko. Larra is a loner. He is proud and narcissistic, he sincerely considers himself higher, better than other people. He evokes disgust, but also pity. After all, Larra does not deceive anyone, he does not pretend that he is capable of love. Unfortunately, there are many such people, although their essence is not so clearly manifested in real life. For them, love and interest come down only to possession. If you cannot possess it, you must destroy it. Having killed the girl, Larra says with cynical frankness that he did it because he could not own her.
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Early romantic works of A.M. Gorky
Presentation for 11th grade students
“So, to the question: why did I start writing? - I answer: due to the force of pressure on me from the “languorously poor life”... A.M.Gorky
- “The first reason made me try to bring into the “poor” life such fictions, “fictions” as “The Tale of the Falcon and Already”, “The Legend of the Burning Heart”, “The Petrel”...
- Revolutionary forebodings introduced the heroism of struggle and the pathos of affirmation into the writer’s work. free man. The rebellious pathos of Gorky's early works took the form of allegorical tales and poems.
- “This inclination towards fantasy...manifests itself in art as an inclination towards romance...”
- V. Vorovsky
- a dream that was ahead of reality
- Gorky's romantic legacy of the 90s:
- 1. “Makar Chudra” - 1892
- 2. “The Girl and Death” 1892
- 4. “About the siskin who lied, and about the woodpecker who loves truth” - 1893.
- 5. “Old Woman Izergil” -1894.
- 6. “Song of the Falcon” - 1895
- 7. “Khan and his son” -1986
"The Girl and Death"
The girl stands before Death, boldly
Expecting a terrible blow.
Death mutters - he took pity on the victim:
- Look how young you are!
Why were you rude to the king there?
I'll kill you for this!
- “Don’t be angry,” the girl answered, “
Why are you angry with me?
Kissed me for the first time, darling
Under the green elderberry bush, -
Was I before the Tsar at that time?
Well, the Tsar, as a sin, flees from the war.
I tell him, the king,
Get out of here, Father!
Okay, as if I'm saying,
And look, it turned out so bad!
Well?! There is nowhere to escape from Death;
Apparently, I will die without loving.
Death! I beg you with all my heart -
Give me another kiss!
Death is silent thoughtfully and strictly,
She sees that she can’t interrupt this song!
There is no god in the world more beautiful than the sun,
There is no fire - the fire of love is more wonderful!
There is no more earth or sky.
And the soul is full of unearthly power,
And an unearthly light burns in the soul.
There is no more fear of Fate.
And neither God nor people are needed!
Like a child, I am happy with myself,
And love admires itself!
For romantic works M. Gorky is characterized by bright colors and rich metaphors.
- Portrait of Loiko
“The mustache fell on the shoulders and laughed
played around with curls, eyes like
clear stars are shining and smiles
ka - the whole sun, by God!
as if it was forged from one
a piece of iron along with a horse.”
- “Words can’t even say about her, this Radda.”
- Nothing. Maybe her beauty could be
- play the violin, and even then to the one who played the violin,
- how he sees his soul."
Compositionally early works are built like a story within a story
Introductory story
2nd story
Presentation completed Russian language teacher and literature Gavrilova Tatyana Vladimirovna MKOU "Sosnovskaya Secondary School"
Pystina Lidiya Mitrofanovna
teacher of Russian language and literature
school-gymnasium No. 9
The work of A. M. Gorky in the 11th grade begins with the study of the early romantic works of the writer. It is more expedient to begin the educational process by testing knowledge of the text of the stories included in this cycle. This test will help with this.
Test
Early romantic works of A. M. Gorky
Indicate a work that begins like this
A. “Old Woman Izergil”
V. “Makar Chudra”
S. “Song About the Falcon”
D. “Song about the Petrel” -
1. “A damp, cold wind blew from the sea, carrying across the steppe the pensive melody of the splash of a wave running onto the shore...”
2. “I heard these stories near Akkerman, in Bessarabia, on the seashore.”
3. “The sea, huge, lazily sighing near the shore, fell asleep and motionless in the distance, bathed in the blue glow of the moon.”
4. “Over the gray plain of the sea, the wind gathers clouds.”
II. Distribute heroes according to works
Gavrila
Danko
Radda
Loiko Zobar
Larra
Stupid penguin
A. "Chelkash"
V. “Makar Chudra”
S. “Song of the Falcon”
D. “Old Woman Izergil”
E. “Song about the Petrel”
III. Recognize a hero by his portrait
1. “His eyes were cold and proud... he answered if he wanted, or was silent...”
2. “He was a daring fellow! Hey! Was he afraid of anyone?
3. “Soars proudly... like black lightning”
4. “One of those people, a handsome young man”
5. “He is this man with the clear eyes of a child...”
6. “...an old Crimean shepherd, tall, gray-haired, sunburned, dry and wise...”
A. "Konovalov"
V. “Makar Chudra”
S. “Song of the Falcon”
D. “Old Woman Izergil”
E. “Song about the Petrel”
IV. Determine which character the words belong to
1. “As you go, go your own way, without turning to the side. Go straight ahead."
2. “I have the courage to lead, that’s why I led you.”
3. “Brother! Forgive me!.. the devil is me...”
4. “Every man is his own master, and no one is to blame for this if I am a scoundrel.”
5. “I see that every person has only speech, arms and legs... but he owns animals, women, land...”
6. “I have never been anyone’s slave”
7. “What else do you want? You’ve done your job... go!”
8. “And I also love freedom! Will... I love... more..."
A. Radda
V. Danko
S. Chelkash
D. Makar Chudra
E. Gavrila
I. Konovalov
K. Old Woman Izergil
N. Larra
V. Indicate the hero who in “The Song of the Petrel” utters these words: “Let the storm blow stronger!”
A. Chaiki
V. Loons
S. Prophet of Victory
D. Penguin
VI. Indicate the hero of which work is Nadyr - Rahim - ogly
A. “Song of the Petrel”
V. "Chelkash"
S. "Konovalov"
D. “Song of the Falcon.”
VII. Distribute quotes characterizing life philosophy
A. Snake
V. Sokola
1. “Those born to crawl cannot fly!..”
2. “I lived a glorious life!.. I know happiness!.. I fought bravely!...”
3. “Oh the happiness of battle!..”
4. “The creation of the earth - I live by the earth”
5. “... in the song of the brave and strong in spirit You will always be a living example"
6. “Fly or crawl, the end is known: everything will fall into the ground, everything will be dust...”
VIII. Indicate which hero is not in “The Song of the Petrel”
A. Stupid penguin
V. Proud swallow
C. Darting seagulls
D. Proud Petrel
IX. Indicate a work that ends like this.
A. “And on the deserted seashore there was nothing left in the memory of the little drama that played out between people”
V. “... and they will carry the soul high into the dark blue abyss, from where, towards it, the tremulous patterns of the stars will also sound the wondrous music of revelation...”
S. “And they both circled in the darkness of the night smoothly and silently, the handsome man could not... catch up with the proud one...”
D. “Let the storm blow harder!”
E. “But we both parted with the confidence that we would meet. I didn’t have to..."
K. “It was quiet and dark in the steppe. The clouds kept crawling across the sky, slowly, boringly... The sea rustled dully and sadly.”
1. "Makar Chudra"
2. "Song of the Falcon"
3. "Old Woman Izergil"
4. "Song of the Petrel"
5. "Chelkash"
6. "Konovalov"
X. Match the characters according to the principle of antithesis
A. Chelkash 1. Already
V. Danko 2. Penguin
S. Sokol 3. Larra
D. Burevestnik 4. Gavrila
XI. Indicate which hero in “The Song of the Petrel” A. Gorky calls the “black demon”
A. Chaiki
V. Loons
S. Burevestnik
XII. Name the hero who was “the son of an eagle and a woman”
A. Chelkash
V. Gavrila
S. Danko
D. Larra
XIII. Name the work in which the characters read “Stenka’s Riot”
A. “The Orlov Spouses”
V. "Chelkash"
S. "Konovalov"
D. “Grandfather Arkhip and Lyonka”
XIV. Indicate the hero about whom it is said: “This is how a man was struck for his pride!”
A. Konovalov
V. Chelkash
S. Loiko Zobar
D. Larra
E. Danko
XV. Indicate the work that A. M. Gorky classified as a poem
A. "Konovalov"
V. “Makar Chudra”
S. “Song of the Falcon”
D. "Twenty-six and one"
E. “Old Woman Izergil.”
Keys
A – 2
B - 1
C – 3
D - 4
1 - A
2 - D
3 - B
4 - B
5 - D
6 - C
7 - E
1 – D
2 – B
3 – E
4 – D
5 – A
6 - B
1 – D
2 – B
3 – E
4 – I
5 – N
6 – K
7 – C
8 - A
A – 1 4 6
B – 2 3 5
A – 5
B – 2
C – 1
D – 4
E – 6
K - 3
A – 4
B – 3
C – 1
D - 2
List of used literature
Gorky M. Stories. Moscow: " Fiction" 1983 – 448 p.
Homework for the lesson
1. Copy from the dictionary literary terms definition of the term romanticism.
2. Read Maxim Gorky’s story “Old Woman Izergil”
3. Answer the questions:
1) How many legends did Old Woman Izergil tell?
2) What happened to the girl from the “land of the big river”?
3) What did the elders name the eagle's son?
4) Why, when Larra came close to people, did not defend himself?
5) What feeling gripped the people lost in the forest, why?
6) What did Danko do for people?
7) Compare the characters of Danko and Larra.
8) Was Danko’s sacrifice justified?
Purpose of the lesson
Introduce students to Maxim Gorky’s story “Old Woman Izergil” as a romantic work; improve the skills and abilities of analyzing prose text; give an idea of the romantic aesthetics of early Gorky.
Teacher's word
M. Gorky's story "The Old Woman Izergil" was written in 1894 and first published in 1895 in the Samara Gazeta. This work, like the story “Makar Chudra,” belongs to the early period of the writer’s work. From that moment on, Gorky declared himself as an exponent of a special way of understanding the world and the bearer of a very specific aesthetics - romantic. Since by the time the story was written, romanticism in art had already experienced its heyday, early work In literary criticism, Gorky is usually called neo-romantic.
At home, you should have written out the definition of romanticism from the dictionary of literary terms.
Romanticism- "V in a broad sense words artistic method, in which the dominant significance is the writer’s subjective position in relation to the depicted phenomena of life, his inclination not so much to reproduce, but to re-create reality, which leads to the development of particularly conventional forms of creativity (fantasy, grotesque, symbolism, etc.), to the promotion to the foreground of exceptional characters and plots, to the strengthening of subjective-evaluative elements in the author’s speech, to arbitrariness compositional connections etc.”
Teacher's word
Traditionally, a romantic work is characterized by the cult of an extraordinary personality. Moral qualities heroes do not have a defining meaning. At the center of the story are villains, robbers, generals, kings, beautiful ladies, noble knights, murderers - anyone, as long as their lives are exciting, special and full of adventures. Romantic hero always recognizable. He despises the miserable life of ordinary people, challenges the world, often foreseeing that he will not be a winner in this battle. A romantic work is characterized by romantic dual worlds, a clear division of the world into real and ideal. In some works, the ideal world is realized as otherworldly, in others - as a world untouched by civilization. Throughout the entire work, the plot development of which is concentrated on the most striking milestones in the hero’s life, the character of the exceptional personality remains unchanged. The narrative style is bright and emotional.
Writing in a notebook
Features of the romantic work:
1. The cult of the extraordinary personality.
2. Romantic portrait.
3. Romantic dual world.
4. Static romantic nature.
5. Romantic plot.
6. Romantic landscape.
7. Romantic style.
Question
Which of the works you have read previously can you call romantic? Why?
Answer
Romantic works of Pushkin, Lermontov.
Teacher's word
Distinctive Features romantic images Gorky - proud defiance of fate and daring love of freedom, integrity of nature and heroic character. The romantic hero strives for unfettered freedom, without which there is no true happiness for him and which is often dearer to him than life itself. IN romantic stories embodied the writer's observations of contradictions human soul and a dream of beauty. Makar Chudra says: “They are funny, those people of yours. They’re huddled together and crushing each other, and there’s so much space on earth...” Old woman Izergil almost echoes him: “And I see that people are not living, but everyone is trying on”.
Analytical conversation
Question
What is the composition of the story “Old Woman Izergil”?
Answer
The story consists of 3 parts:
1) the legend of Larra;
2) a story about Izergil’s life;
3) the legend of Danko.
Question
What technique underlies the construction of the story?
Answer
The story is based on the opposition of two characters who are carriers of opposing life values. Selfless love Danko’s attitude towards people and Larra’s unrestrained egoism are manifestations of the same feeling – love.
Question
Prove (according to the plan in your notebook) that the story is romantic. Compare the portraits of Larra and Danko.
Answer
Larra - young man “handsome and strong”, “his eyes were cold and proud, like those of the king of birds”. There is no detailed portrait of Larra in the story; the author draws attention only to the eyes and proud, arrogant speech of the “son of an eagle.”
Danko is also very difficult to visualize. Izergil says that he was a “young handsome man,” one of those who were always brave because he was handsome. Again special attention The reader is drawn to the hero’s eyes, which are called eyes: “...a lot of strength and living fire shone in his eyes”.
Question
Are they extraordinary individuals?
Answer
Undoubtedly, Danko and Larra are exceptional individuals. Larra does not obey the family and does not honor the elders, he goes wherever he wants, does what he wants, not recognizing the right of choice for others. Talking about Larra, Izergil uses epithets that are more suitable to describe the animal: dexterous, strong, predatory, cruel.
Question
Answer
In the story “Old Woman Izergil” the ideal world is realized as the distant past of the earth, a time that has now become a myth, and a memory of which remains only in legends about the youth of mankind. Only a young earth could, according to the author, give birth heroic characters people obsessed strong passions. Izergil emphasizes several times that modern “ pathetic" Such power of feeling and greed for life are inaccessible to people.
Question
Do the characters of Larra, Danko and Izergil develop throughout the story or are they initially set and unchanged?
Answer
The characters of Larra, Danko and Izergil do not change throughout the story and are interpreted unambiguously: the main and only character trait of Larra is selfishness, the denial of any law other than will. Danko is a manifestation of love for people, but Izergil subordinated her entire existence to her own thirst for pleasure.
Question
Which of the events described by the old woman can be considered extraordinary?
Answer
Both stories told by Izergil contain a description extraordinary events. The genre of the legend determined their original fantastic plot basis (the birth of a child from an eagle, the inevitability of an accomplished curse, the light of sparks from Danko’s burning heart, etc.).
Working with text
Compare the heroes (Danko and Larra) according to the following parameters:
1) portrait;
2) the impression made on others;
3) understanding of pride;
4) attitude towards people;
5) behavior at the time of trial;
6) the fate of the heroes.
| Options/Heroes | Danko | Larra |
| Portrait | Young handsome man. Beautiful people are always brave; a lot of strength and living fire shone in his eyes |
A young man, handsome and strong; his eyes were cold and proud, like those of the king of birds |
| The impression made on others | They looked at him and saw that he was the best of all | Everyone looked in surprise at the eagle's son; This offended them; Then they got really angry |
| Understanding Pride | I have the courage to lead, that's why I led you! | He answered that there were no others like him; He stood alone against everyone; We talked with him for a long time and finally saw that he considers himself the first on earth and, apart from himself, sees nothing |
| Attitude towards people | Danko looked at those for whom he had labored and saw that they were like animals; Then indignation boiled in his heart, but out of pity for the people it went out; He loved people and thought that maybe they would die without him |
She pushed him away and walked away, and he hit her and, when she fell, stood with his foot on her chest; He had no tribe, no mother, no cattle, no wife, and he did not want any of this; I killed her because, it seems to me, she pushed me away... And I needed her; And he answered that he wanted to keep himself whole |
| Behavior at the time of trial | What did you do to help yourself? You just walked and didn’t know how to save your strength for a longer journey! You just walked and walked like a flock of sheep! | - Untie me! I won't say tied! |
| The fate of heroes | He rushed forward to his place, holding his burning heart high and illuminating the way for people; But Danko was still ahead, and his heart was still burning, burning! |
He can't die! - the people said with joy; “He was left alone, free, awaiting death; He has no life and death does not smile on him |
Analytical conversation
Question
What is the source of Larra's tragedy?
Answer
Larra could not and did not want to compromise between his desires and the laws of society. He understands selfishness as a manifestation of personal freedom, and his right is the right of the strong from birth.
Question
How was Larra punished?
Answer
As punishment, the elders doomed Larra to immortality and the inability to decide for himself whether to live or die, they limited his freedom. People deprived Larra of what, in his opinion, was the only thing worth living for - the right to live according to their own law.
Question
What feeling is the main one in Larra’s attitude towards people? Support your answer with an example from the text.
Answer
Larra does not experience any feelings towards people. He wants "keep yourself whole", that is, to get a lot from life without giving anything in return.
Question
What feeling does Danko experience as he looks into the crowd of people judging him? Support your answer with an example from the text.
Answer
Looking at those for whom he, risking his life, went into the swamps, Danko feels indignant, “But out of pity for people it went out. Danko’s heart flared with the desire to save people and lead them “to the easy path”.
Question
What is the function of the "cautious man" episode?
Answer
The mention of a “cautious man” is introduced into the legend of Danko in order to emphasize the exclusivity of the hero. " Cautious man"is perceived as one of many, thus the author defines the essence ordinary people, “not heroes” who are not capable of sacrificial impulses and are always afraid of something.
Question
What do the characters of Larra and Danko have in common and what is the difference between them?
Answer
This question may lead to ambiguous answers. Students may perceive Larra and Danko as opposite characters (selfish and altruistic), or interpret them as romantic characters who oppose themselves to people (for various reasons).
Question
What place does society occupy in the inner thoughts of both characters? Can we say that heroes exist in isolation from society?
Answer
The heroes imagine themselves outside of society: Larra - without people, Danko - at the head of people. Larra “he came to the tribe and kidnapped cattle, girls - whatever he wanted”, He "hovered around people". Danko was walking “ahead of them and was cheerful and clear”.
Question
What moral law determines the actions of both heroes?
Answer
The actions of the heroes are determined by their own value system. Larra and Danko are a law unto themselves; they make decisions without asking the elders for advice. Proud, triumphant laughter - this is their answer to the world of ordinary people.
Question
What is the function of the image of the old woman Izergil in the story? How do the images of Larra and Danko relate to each other using the image of the old woman Izergil?
Answer
Despite the brightness, completeness and artistic integrity of both legends, they are only illustrations necessary for the author to understand the image of the old woman Izergil. It “cements” the composition of the story both at the content and at the formal level. In the general narrative system, Izergil acts as a narrator; it is from her lips that the I-character learns the story about the “son of an eagle” and about Danko’s burning heart. At the level of content, in the portrait of the old woman one can detect features of both Larra and Danko; the way she loved insatiably reflected Danko’s character, and the way she thoughtlessly abandoned her loved ones was the stamp of Larra’s image. The figure of Izergil connects both legends together and makes the reader think about the problem of human freedom and his right to dispose of his life force at his own discretion.
Question
Do you agree with the statement that “there is always room for achievement in life”? How do you understand it?
Question
Is a feat possible in every life? Does every person enjoy this right of achievement in life?
Question
Did the old woman Izergil accomplish the feat she talks about?
These questions do not require a clear answer and are designed for independent answers.
Conclusions are written down in notebooks independently.
Some of Nietzsche's philosophical and aesthetic ideas were reflected in Gorky's early romantic works. Central image early Gorky has a proud and strong personality, embodying the idea of freedom. "Strength is virtue", Nietzsche argued, and for Gorky, the beauty of a person lies in strength and achievement, even aimless ones: « strong man has the right to be “beyond good and evil”, to be outside of ethical principles, and a feat, from this point of view, is resistance to the general flow of life.
Literature
D.N. Murin, E.D. Kononova, E.V. Minenko. Russian literature of the twentieth century. 11th grade program. Thematic lesson planning. St. Petersburg: SMIO Press, 2001
E.S. Rogover. Russian literature of the 20th century / St. Petersburg: Parity, 2002
N.V. Egorova. Lesson-based developments on Russian literature of the twentieth century. 11th grade. I half of the year. M.: VAKO, 2005