You can be great in humility.
F. M. Dostoevsky
The image of Sonechka Marmeladova in the novel “Crime and Punishment” is for Dostoevsky the embodiment of the eternal humility and suffering of the female soul with its compassion for loved ones, love for people and boundless self-sacrifice. The meek and quiet Sonechka Marmeladova, weak, timid, unrequited, in order to save her family and relatives from hunger, decides to do something terrible for a woman. We understand that her decision is an inevitable, inexorable result of the conditions in which she lives, but at the same time it is an example of active action in the name of saving the perishing. She has nothing but her body, and therefore the only possible way for her to save the little Marmeladovs from starvation is to engage in prostitution. Seventeen-year-old Sonya made her own choice, decided on her own, chose the path herself, feeling neither resentment nor anger towards Katerina Ivanovna, whose words were the final push that brought Sonya to the panel. Therefore, her soul did not become bitter, did not hate the world hostile to her, the dirt street life didn't touch her soul. Her endless love for humanity saves her. Sonechka's whole life is an eternal sacrifice, a selfless and endless sacrifice. But for Sonya this is the meaning of life, her happiness, her joy, she cannot live otherwise. Her love for people, like an eternal spring, nourishes her tormented soul, gives her strength to walk thorny path, which is her whole life. She even thought about suicide to get rid of shame and torment. Raskolnikov also believed that “it would be fairer and wiser to dive straight into the water and end it all at once!” But suicide for Sonya would be too selfish an option, and she thought about “them” - the hungry children, and therefore consciously and humbly accepted the fate prepared for her. Humility, submission, Christian forgiving love towards people, self-denial is the main thing in Sonya’s character.
Raskolnikov believes that Sonya’s sacrifice was in vain, that she did not save anyone, but only “ruined” herself. But life refutes these words of Raskolnikov. It is to Sonya that Raskolnikov comes to confess his sin - the murder he committed. It is she who forces Raskolnikov to confess to the crime, proving that the true meaning of life is repentance and suffering. She believes that no person has the right to take the life of another: “And who made me a judge: who should live, who should die?” Raskolnikov's beliefs terrify her, but she does not push him away from her. Great compassion makes her strive to convince, to morally cleanse Raskolnikov’s ruined soul. Sonya saves Raskolnikov, her love resurrects him to life.
Love helped Sonya understand that he was unhappy, that, despite all his visible pride, he needed help and support. Love helped to overcome such an obstacle as a double murder in order to try to resurrect and save the killer. Sonya goes to get Raskolnikov to hard labor. Sonya's love and sacrifice cleanse her from her shameful and sad past. Sacrifice in love is an eternal trait characteristic of Russian women.
Sonya finds salvation for herself and for Raskolnikov in faith in God. Her faith in God is her final self-affirmation, giving her the opportunity to do good in the name of those to whom she sacrifices herself, her argument that her sacrifice will not be useless, that life will soon find its outcome in universal justice. Hence her inner strength and perseverance, helping to get through the “circles of hell” of her joyless and tragic life. A lot can be said about Sonya. She can be considered a heroine or an eternal martyr, but it is simply impossible not to admire her courage, her inner strength, her patience.
One of the ideas of F.M. Dostoevsky's “Crime and Punishment” is the idea that in everyone, even in the most downtrodden person, disgraced and criminal, one can find high and honest feelings. These feelings, which can be found in almost every character in the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". For example, Razumikhin is a small, insignificant person, a poor student, but he sincerely and passionately loves his loved ones and is always ready to help them. Marmeladov loves his family and helps everyone. Another idea of Dostoevsky is the idea that love for people can elevate a person and help him find a real purpose in life. Dostoevsky's love is a selfless, honest, Christian love for people, a desire to save, understand and help without demanding anything in return. Such love is characteristic of many heroes of F.M.’s novels. Dostoevsky. In “Crime and Punishment” these are Dunya and Sonechka; I want to dwell on the image of the latter: it is in her to the greatest extent Christian love for people is concentrated. Having fallen to the bottom of her life to save her family, she did not harden her heart and retained a reverent love for her loved ones and for people in general. “Sonechka, eternal Sonechka while the world stands." Sonechka is Marmeladov’s daughter, she lives in yellow ticket. “I didn’t receive any education,” we learn from the story of her father, an official at Marmeladov. What distinguishes Sonya from other characters is her insatiable compassion, that she no longer pays attention to her own suffering: “there is no place for them in her heart.” It is Sonechka who will confess to Raskolnikov for the murder of the old pawnbroker and Lizaveta, although he and Sonechka have completely different views on the main issues. Raskolnikov’s theory is incomprehensible to Sonya; she cannot understand it: “How can it happen that this depends on my decision? And who made me the judge here: who should live and who should not live?” “Is this man a louse?” - Sonya will exclaim. In her opinion, only the Almighty can be the judge of a person and his actions. It is Sonechka who will open the way to salvation for Raskolnikov. She tells him to repent: “Get up (She grabbed him by the shoulder; he stood up, looking at her almost in amazement.) “Go now, this very minute, stand at the crossroads, bow, first kiss the ground that you have desecrated, and then bow all over the world, in all four directions, and tell everyone, out loud: “I killed!” Then God will send you life again. Will you go? Will you go?" “she asks him, trembling all over, as if in a fit, grabbing him by both hands, squeezing them tightly in her hands and looking at him with a fiery gaze.” Here we can talk about the firmness of Sonechka’s Christian convictions, that these convictions are eternal. Unlike Raskolnikov, Sonechka lives “a feeling of a full and powerful life.” This helps her not only not to break, to survive, but also to become the only salvation for her loved ones; for Raskolnikov, for Sonya, such feelings as complicity, mercy and compassion are very important: “And how many, how many times have I brought her to tears! Yes, just last week! Oh me! Just a week before his death. I acted cruelly! And how many, how many times have I done this? Oh, how now, it was painful to remember all day!” - Sonya will say this about Katerina Ivanovna, who is endlessly guilty before her stepdaughter. It is the feeling of insatiable compassion that elevates Sonya in the eyes of the hero, despite her lifestyle: “Lizaveta, Sonya,” Raskolnikov thinks, “Poor, meek, with gentle eyes... Dear ones! Why are they crying? Why are they moaning? They give everything, look meekly, quietly...Sonya, Sonya! Quiet Sonya! And Marmeladov will say about her: “She is unrequited, and her voice is so meek... she is fair, her face is always pale, thin.” However, it is precisely this meekness that helps quiet Sonya to perform feats that require extraordinary fortitude and moral courage. She has, as it were, “a core inside her that none of the characters have. She believes. Faith helps her live, suffer, forgetting about herself.” “Moral fortitude and “insatiable compassion” are the whole meaning of Sonya’s life, her happiness, her joy,” says the critic Tyunkin. I completely agree with his words. Sonya saves Raskolnikov and sacrifices herself for the sake of her family. The family accepts Sonechka’s sacrifice, sees her suffering, but will take advantage of it, and nothing will change. In the end, Marmeladov dies, Katerina Ivanovna dies, and Svidrigailov will help the children. Raskolnikov himself sought salvation. Maybe the sacrifice is in vain? Why suffer so much? Sonya’s sacrifice and suffering are correlated with the suffering and sacrifice of Christ, “bringing light, truth, truth, and those moral principles on which the world is based." The image of Sonya is associated with the idea of searching for salvation from immorality, inhumanity, as well as the idea of love for a person in general: “... it is impossible to love people as they are. And yet it should. And therefore do good to them, strengthening your feelings. Bear evil from them, do not be angry with them if possible, remembering that you are also a human being.” Those who are unable to perceive these goals can only be pitied. What to do with Luzhin and Svidrigailov? Luzhin will undermine Sonechka’s faith in selflessness and love: “...to avoid trouble by everyone.” Her disappointment was too heavy. She, of course, could endure everything with patience and almost resignedly - even this. But in the first minute it became too hard. Despite her triumph and her justification - when the first fear and first tetanus passed, when she understood and understood everything clearly - a feeling of helplessness and resentment painfully oppressed her heart.” Yes, we must admit that Sonya is unable to defend herself with meekness in front of people like Luzhin. Can Sonya be considered a strong, free woman? Yes, having fallen so low for the sake of her family, she is morally superior to many, including leading a pious lifestyle. Having experienced so much, Sonechka remained a child at heart, with pure, bright faith in man. For this alone she is worthy of love. But not everyone can understand this. You rarely see such Sonechkas, but they exist and will always exist, the world rests on them. Humanity suffers from the fact that there are too few Sonechkas in this world. “Sonechka, eternal Sonechka, while the world stands!” Review The writing is heterogeneous: there are excellent thoughts that speak of a deep understanding of the author’s intention in the novel, but there are not very successful statements (there are speech and grammatical errors associated with the construction of sentences and word usage). We remind you that the work is assessed as a whole, and not in fragments. The author has demonstrated good knowledge of the text. But quotes do not always accurately confirm the thoughts expressed in creative work(quotes should be concise and self-sufficient). Insufficient appeal to literary criticism, to the controversy surrounding the problem identified in the topic of the essay.
Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment” is one of the most complex works of Russian literature, in which the author told about the story of the death of the soul of the main character after he committed a crime, about the alienation of Rodion Raskolnikov from the whole world, from the people closest to him - his mother, sister, friend.
Reading the novel, you realize how deeply the author penetrated into the souls and hearts of his characters, how he comprehended human character, and with what genius he told about the moral upheavals of the main character. The central figure of the novel is, of course, Rodion Raskolnikov. But there are many others in Crime and Punishment characters. These are Razumikhin, Avdotya Romanovna and Pulcheria Alexandrovna, the Raskolnikovs, Pyotr Petrovich Luzhin, the Marmeladovs. The Marmeladov family plays special role in the novel. After all, it was to Sonechka Marmeladova, her faith and selfless love that Raskolnikov owed his spiritual rebirth.
She was a girl of about eighteen, short, thin, but quite pretty, blonde with wonderful blue eyes.
Her great love, a tormented but pure soul, capable of seeing a person even in a murderer, empathizing with him, suffering with him, saved Raskolnikov.
Yes, Sonya is a “harlot,” as Dostoevsky writes about her, but she was forced to sell herself in order to save her stepmother’s children from starvation. Even in her terrible situation, Sonya managed to remain human; drunkenness and debauchery did not affect her. But in front of her was shining example a fallen father, completely crushed by poverty and his own powerlessness to change anything in his life. Patience of Sonya and her life force largely stem from her faith. She believes in God, in justice with all her heart, she believes blindly, recklessly. And what else can an eighteen-year-old girl believe in, whose entire education is “a few books of romantic content,” seeing around her only drunken quarrels, illnesses, debauchery and human grief?
For Sonya, all people have the same right to life. No one can achieve happiness, his own or someone else's, through crime. A sin remains a sin, no matter who commits it and for what purpose. Personal happiness cannot be a goal. A person has no right to selfish happiness, he must endure, and through suffering he achieves true, non-selfish happiness.
Reading the legend of the resurrection of Lazarus to Raskolnikov, Sonya awakens faith, love and repentance in his soul. “They were resurrected by love, the heart of one contained endless sources of life for the heart of the other.” Rodion came to what Sonya called him to, he overestimated life and its essence, as evidenced by his words: “Can her beliefs now not be my beliefs? Her feelings, her aspirations, at least...”
Touched by Sonya’s sympathy, Rodion “goes to her as if he were a close friend, he himself confesses to her the murder, and tries, confused about the reasons, to explain
asks her why he did this, asks her not to leave him in misfortune and receives an order from her: to go to the square,
kiss the ground and repent before all the people.” In this advice from Sonya, the voice of the author himself seems to be heard,
striving to bring his hero to suffering, and through suffering - to atonement. Sacrifice, faith,
love and chastity are the qualities that the author embodied in Sonya. Surrounded by vice, forced
sacrifice her dignity, Sonya retained the purity of her soul and the belief that “there is no happiness in comfort, happiness
is bought by suffering, a person is not born for happiness: a person deserves his happiness, and always
suffering." And here is Sonya, who also “transgressed” and lost her soul, “a person of high spirit”, of the same “class”
with Raskolnikov, condemns him for his contempt for people and does not accept his “rebellion”, his “axe”, which, as
It seemed to Raskolnikov that it was raised in her name. The heroine, according to Dostoevsky, embodies the people's principle,
Russian element: patience and humility, immeasurable love for man and God. Therefore, the clash between Raskolnikov and
Sonya, whose worldviews are opposed to each other, is very important. The idea of Rodion’s “rebellion”, according to thought
Dostoevsky's aristocratic idea, the idea of the “chosen one” is unacceptable to Sonya. Only the people represented by Sonya
can condemn Raskolnikov’s “Napoleonic” rebellion, force him to submit to such a court and go to hard labor -
“accept suffering.” Sonya hopes for God, for a miracle. Raskolnikov, with his angry, well-honed skepticism, is sure that
There is no God, and there will be no miracle. Rodion mercilessly reveals to Sonya the futility of her illusions. Little of,
Raskolnikov even tells Sonya about the uselessness of her compassion, about the futility of her sacrifices. Not shameful
her profession makes Sonya a sinner, and the futility of her sacrifice and her feat. “And that you are a great sinner, that’s true,
- he added almost enthusiastically, - and most of all, you are a sinner because you killed and betrayed yourself in vain. More
wouldn’t it be terrible... that you live in this filth, which you hate so much, and at the same time you know, yourself, that no one
You’re not helping and you’re not saving anyone from anything!” Raskolnikov judges Sonya with different scales in his hands than
prevailing morality. He judges her from a different point of view than she does herself. The hero's heart is pierced by the same pain that
and Sonya’s heart, only he is a thinking person who generalizes everything. Raskolnikov bows before Sonya and kisses her
her legs. “I didn’t bow to you, I bowed to all human suffering,” he said somehow wildly and walked away to the window. Driven by life into the last and already completely hopeless corner, Sonya tries to do something in the face of death. She, like
Raskolnikov acts according to the law of free choice. But, unlike Rodion, Sonya did not lose faith in people,
it does not need examples to establish that people are by nature good and deserve a fair share.
Sonya internally stands outside of money, outside the laws of the world tormenting her. Just as she, of her own free will, went to the panel, so herself, of her own firm and indestructible will, she did not commit suicide. Sonya was faced with the question of suicide; she thought about it and chose an answer. Suicide, in her situation, would be too selfish a way out - it would save her from shame, from torment, it would rescue her from a fetid pit. “...After all, it would be fairer,” Raskolnikov exclaims, “it would be a thousand times fairer and more reasonable to directly
head into the water and finish at once! - What will happen to them? - Sonya asked weakly, looking painfully at
him, but at the same time, as if not at all surprised by his proposal.”
What kept her from drinking water was not so much the thought of sin as “about them, our own.” For Sonya, debauchery was worse than death.
In the developing romance between Raskolnikov and Sonya, mutual respect and mutual cordial delicacy play a huge role, so sharply different from the mores of that society. Rodion was able to confess to Sonya about the murder because he loved her and knew that she loved him too.
Thus, in the novel “Crime and Punishment,” love is not a duel of outcasts, brought together by fate into a single union and choosing which path to go towards a common goal - a duel of two truths.
The presence of lines of contact and lines of unity made
Sonya’s struggle with Raskolnikov is not hopeless, and if Sonya in the novel itself, before its epilogue, did not win and
reborn Raskolnikov, then she, in any case, contributed to the final collapse of his inhuman
ideas.
In the epilogue of the novel we read: “Their
resurrected love..." A person, if he is a person, feels responsible not only for his own actions, but
and for every evil that is happening in the world. This is why Sonya feels that she is also to blame for the crime
Raskolnikov, that’s why she takes this crime so close to her heart and shares it with
“those who have transgressed” his fate, she agrees to bear his cross, to help him come to the truth through suffering. We have no doubt about her words; the reader is confident that Sonya will follow Raskolnikov everywhere, everywhere and will always be with him. Why, why does she need this? Go to Siberia, live in poverty, suffer for the sake of a person who is dry, cold with you, and rejects you. Only she, the “eternal Sonechka”, could do this. kind hearted And selfless love to people.
Dostoevsky wrote: “Sonya is a hope, the most unrealizable.”
By creating the image of Sonya Marmeladova, Dostoevsky created an antipode to Raskolnikov and his theory (goodness, mercy opposing evil). Life position The girl reflects the views of the writer himself, his belief in goodness, justice, forgiveness and humility, but, above all, love for a person, no matter what he may be.
The image of Sonechka Marmeladova in the novel “Crime and Punishment” is for Dostoevsky the embodiment of the eternal humility and suffering of the female soul with its compassion for loved ones, love for people and boundless self-sacrifice. The meek and quiet Sonechka Marmeladova, weak, timid, unrequited, in order to save her family and relatives from hunger, decides to do something terrible for a woman. We understand that her decision is an inevitable, inexorable result of the conditions in which she lives, but at the same time it is an example of active action in the name of saving the perishing. She has nothing but her body, and therefore the only possible way for her to save the little Marmeladovs from starvation is to engage in prostitution. Seventeen-year-old Sonya made her own choice, decided on her own, chose the path herself, feeling neither resentment nor anger towards Katerina Ivanovna, whose words were the final push that brought Sonya to the panel. Therefore, her soul did not become bitter, did not hate the world hostile to her, the dirt of street life did not touch her soul. Her endless love for humanity saves her. Sonechka's whole life is an eternal sacrifice, a selfless and endless sacrifice. But for Sonya this is the meaning of life, her happiness, her joy, she cannot live otherwise. Her love for people, like an eternal spring, feeds her tormented soul, gives her strength to walk along the thorny path that is her whole life. She even thought about suicide to get rid of shame and torment. Raskolnikov also believed that “it would be fairer and wiser to dive straight into the water and end it all at once!” But suicide for Sonya would be too selfish an option, and she thought about “them” - the hungry children, and therefore consciously and humbly accepted the fate prepared for her. Humility, submission, Christian all-forgiving love for people, self-denial are the main things in Sonya’s character.
Raskolnikov believes that Sonya’s sacrifice was in vain, that she did not save anyone, but only “ruined” herself. But life refutes these words of Raskolnikov. It is to Sonya that Raskolnikov comes to confess his sin - the murder he committed. It is she who forces Raskolnikov to confess to the crime, proving that the true meaning of life is repentance and suffering. She believes that no person has the right to take the life of another: “And who made me a judge: who should live, who should die?” Raskolnikov's beliefs terrify her, but she does not push him away from her. Great compassion makes her strive to convince, to morally cleanse Raskolnikov’s ruined soul. Sonya saves Raskolnikov, her love resurrects him to life.
Love helped Sonya understand that he was unhappy, that, despite all his visible pride, he needed help and support. Love helped to overcome such an obstacle as a double murder in order to try to resurrect and save the killer. Sonya goes to get Raskolnikov to hard labor. Sonya's love and sacrifice cleanse her from her shameful and sad past. Sacrifice in love is an eternal trait characteristic of Russian women.
Sonya finds salvation for herself and for Raskolnikov in faith in God. Her faith in God is her final self-affirmation, giving her the opportunity to do good in the name of those to whom she sacrifices herself, her argument that her sacrifice will not be useless, that life will soon find its outcome in universal justice. Hence her inner strength and resilience, which help her get through the “circles of hell” of her joyless and tragic life. A lot can be said about Sonya. She can be considered a heroine or an eternal martyr, but it is simply impossible not to admire her courage, her inner strength, her patience.
(4 votes, average: 5.00 out of 5)
Municipal educational institution Gymnasium No. 59.
Ulyanovsk region, Ulyanovsk.
Literature 10th grade.
“Sonechka...
Eternal Sonechka!
prepared
Kashtankina Svetlana Nikolaevna,
teacher of Russian language and literature
highest qualification category.
Ulyanovsk
Topic: “Sonechka... Eternal Sonechka!”
Lesson objectives:
Educational:
determine what the “truth” of Sonya Marmeladova is;
trace how Raskolnikov’s view of Sonechka’s “crime” changes throughout the novel;
how Raskolnikov’s Christian values are discovered through Sonechka’s “truth”;
comprehend Dostoevsky’s words in the epigraph of the lesson.
Educational:
formation communicative competence students, the ability to critically analyze, systematize and evaluate information; find cause-and-effect relationships; work with text;
develop students’ creative abilities and oral speech;
expand your horizons.
Educators:
upbringing moral concepts(love, pity, compassion, faith);
improving individual and group work skills.
Tasks:
show what the writer sees as the source of renewal of life, how he solves the question of what to do to change the existing world order;
analyze scenes in which the writer protests against the inhumanity of society;
cultivate tolerance towards different religions.
During the classes.
1. introduction teachers.
It has become customary to talk about Turgenev’s women. But what elemental power of protest are endowed with female images F.M. Dostoevsky.
Great place his novels focus on women's theme, since Fyodor Mikhailovich believes that it is in a woman that there is high moral strength that can change life for the better. All the writer’s sympathies are on the side of those heroines who were bent and broken by life, who defended their rights and dignity. His heroines are rebellious, they have not come to terms with reality.
In the novel “Crime and Punishment”, female characters help not only to more fully understand the main character Rodion Raskolnikov, but also to help him comprehend life in a new way.
2. Statement of the topic and purpose of the lesson.
Today our lesson will be dedicated to Sonya Marmeladova, since she, according to F. Dostoevsky, is almost the main character after Raskolnikov.
“Sonechka... Eternal Sonechka!”
How do you understand this phrase?
(Eternal means always existing. These words contain a symbol. Eternal Sonechka is a symbol of sacrifice and human suffering.)
3. Working with the epigraph.
A woman... if she is morally worthy,
Equal to everyone, equal to kings.
F.M. Dostoevsky.
What does F.M. mean in the concept of morality? Dostoevsky?
(F. Dostoevsky puts into the concept of morality the eternal Christian commandments that should guide a person through life.)
What does the expression “equal to kings” mean?
(A king is a ruler, which means “equal to kings” - one in power.)
In this lesson we need to find out: Is Sonya Marmeladova morally worthy, what does she sacrifice and in whose name, “is she equal to kings”?
4. The idea of creating the image of Sonya Marmeladova.
Performance by the group "Researchers".
1) The image of Sonya Marmeladova was not immediately determined. The earliest records mention only "the official's daughter", "she". F. Dostoevsky, obviously, initially intended to emphasize the professional traits of this heroine: “Once upon a time he meets her as a professional. Scandal on the street. She stole."
At the end of the same notebook there are reflections on the nature of this image: “The official’s daughter is casually, a little more original. A simple and downtrodden creature. Or better yet, dirty and drunk with fish.”
“Drunk with Fish” is obviously an image of a drunken, beaten prostitute thrown out onto the street and pounding salted fish on the stairs, the image that was painted by the hero of “Notes from Underground.”
2) But already in the next notebook Sonya Marmeladova appears before readers as in the final text of the novel - the embodiment of the Christian idea: “She constantly considers herself a deep sinner, a fallen debauchee who cannot beg for salvation.” Life for Sonya is unthinkable without faith in God and the immortality of the soul: “What was I without God.” This idea was also very clearly expressed by Marmeladov in the rough drafts for the novel.
The idea f. Dostoevsky’s attitude towards Sonya has changed, because “drunk with fish” is a fallen woman who has fallen morally. He decided to show a woman illuminated with an aura of purity and even holiness. By selling her body, she earned money to feed Katerina Ivanovna’s hungry children. The contrast of her pure spiritual appearance and dirty profession, the terrible fate of the girl-child is strong evidence of the criminality of society.
5. Psychological portrait of Sonya Marmeladova.
Speech by psychologists.
In the novels of F. Dostoevsky, every detail, every stroke, every proper name has its own meaning. In Dostoevsky, “even punctuation marks must be taken into account.”
1) Proper names reflect the personality of his characters.
Sonya Marmeladova.
Sophia is “wisdom”, “listening to God”, helping people.
The surname Marmeladov is opposed to the surname Raskolnikov. Marmalade is a sweet viscous mass that has the ability to stick together into a single whole. Sonya seems to glue the separate halves of Raskolnikov’s soul into a single whole. The surname indicates the integrity of Sonya’s nature.
2) O inner world We learn about heroes not only from the description of their actions, feelings, and experiences. Dostoevsky - master psychological portrait, he reveals to us a portrait of a personality, consisting of actions and thoughts hidden behind the face.
Sonya Marmeladova is a thin, fragile, timid girl, a small, blue-eyed creature with blond curly hair. She is all so bright, pure, gentle, submissive.
When Sonya is angry, she looks like a little bird. But as soon as Raskolnikov dared to doubt God, her eyes sparkled with anger and that intoxicating awareness of the power of her own soul, led by God, awoke.
The phrase “sparkling with anger” F.M. Dostoevsky does not use it in vain, since only people obsessed with an idea, with faith, can have their eyes sparkle with anger. There is so much passion in her face when they touch on faith in God. This girl “with a modest, decent manner,” with a clear, but seemingly somewhat intimidated face, has enormous patience and moral strength.
What most attracts attention in Sonya's face are her clear, blue eyes. Blue color symbolizes constancy, devotion, peace, truth. Clear eyes symbolize the purity of the soul. Sonechka has all these qualities. At 18, she looks like a child. And an important semantic line is connected with the image of children in the novel. It is in them that all the best that is in human nature is revealed. The portrait of Sonya emphasizes her childishness, defenselessness, fragility and great moral strength: “... a thin, pale and exhausted face.”
“A girl of about 18, thin, but quite pretty blonde, with wonderful blue eyes... a kind and simple-minded expression on her face, which involuntarily attracted people to her.”
6. Sonya Marmeladova’s path to meeting Rodion Raskolnikov.
What path did Sonya take before meeting Raskolnikov?
Sofya Semyonovna Marmeladova is the daughter of an official, a man who has sunk to the extreme, driven by poverty to the point that he has “nowhere else to go.” Sonya did not receive any upbringing or education. She tries to earn money by honest work, but this is not enough even for food. This modest girl is forced to sell her body for the survival of her family. She receives a “yellow ticket”, so she cannot stay with her family. Sonechka is ashamed of her profession and considers herself a great sinner. He comes to Katerina Ivanovna and his father only at dusk. He lives in terrible poverty in Kapernaumov’s apartment. “God, God will not allow...” is the only thing that serves this girl as support and protection in life. But even at the very “bottom” of her life, Sonya maintains moral purity and continues to live for the sake of her family.
7. Analytical conversation with selective reading of the text.
The path of Sonya Marmeladova after her meeting with Raskolnikov.
Why did Raskolnikov come to Sonya after committing the crime?
Raskolnikov is looking for an ally, a kindred spirit. And Sonya, in his opinion, also overstepped and ruined her life. He believes that she has nowhere else to go. Raskolnikov thought to see a man focused on his troubles, exhausted, doomed, ready to grab hold of the slightest hope, but he saw something else that gave rise to a question.
What did Raskolnikov see? What struck him so much?
This meeting awakens his curiosity. Sonya looks at life differently, sees the good in people, feels sorry for them, and tries to understand.
“Her pale cheeks flushed again, anguish was expressed in her eyes. It was clear that she had been touched terribly, that she terribly wanted to express something, to say something, to intercede. Some kind of insatiable suffering, so to speak, was depicted in all the features of her face.”
What questions does Raskolnikov ask Sonya? For what?
Raskolnikov's questions drive Sonya into a frenzy. The whole conversation is going on at the breaking point, at the limit of human capabilities. Raskolnikov deliberately tortures Sonya in order to test the depth of her “human patience”, her fortitude, the origins of which are incomprehensible to him.
What attracted Raskolnikov to Sonya?
Raskolnikov was attracted to Sonya by the power that allowed her to live.
What is the source of this power?
In caring for other people's children and their unhappy mother. Raskolnikov could not understand where Sonya got such strength and purity of spirit in such a terrible life. He is tormented by the question: why was she able to remain in this position for too long and not go crazy? All this seems strange to him. He saw the unusualness and originality of Sonya, who, according to his theory, belongs to the category of ordinary people.
“...Still, the question for him was: why was she able to remain in this position for too long and not go crazy, if she was not able to throw herself into the water? Of course, he understood that Sonya’s position is a random phenomenon in society, although, unfortunately, it is far from isolated and not exceptional...”
“What kept her going? Isn't it debauchery? All this shame obviously affected her only mechanically; real depravity has not yet penetrated a single drop into her heart; he saw it; she stood before him in reality..."
“But is this really true,” he exclaimed to himself, “is it really possible that this creature, who still retains the purity of spirit, will finally be consciously drawn into this vile, stinking pit?...”
Raskolnikov continues to test Sonya, peering intently at her. “Fool! Holy fool! - he repeated to himself.
What did he mean by the concept of “holy fool”?
Holy fool means insane or has taken on the appearance of being insane.
When Raskolnikov saw Sonya’s meek blue eyes sparkling with fire and her small body trembling with indignation and anger, all this seemed impossible to him. A man who lived in the name of others, forgetting about himself, seemed like a holy fool in a world where evil and injustice were happening.
Why did Raskolnikov bow before this small, timid, frightened girl?
“I didn’t bow to you, I bowed to all human suffering,” he said somehow wildly and walked away to the window...”
Raskolnikov bowed to Sonya the sufferer, the victim - all human suffering. He sat the disgraced, trampled, expelled girl next to her mother and sister, believing that he had done them honor.
Raskolnikov believes that Sonechka sacrifices herself to some insatiable suffering and always to a “hungry deity.” “Eternal Sonechka,” while the world stands, is a sacrifice, the horror of which is all the more bottomless because it is meaningless, unnecessary, does not change anything, does not correct anything. Raskolnikov understands Sonya as a symbol of eternal sacrifice. Sonya killed herself, but did she save anyone?
8. Drawing up a reference outline of “Sonya Marmeladova”.
Do you agree with Raskolnikov that Sonya destroyed herself, but did not save anyone?
“The sun must first of all be the sun...”
Sonya.
Marmeladov Raskolnikov
Convicts
Katerina Ivanovna
Porfiry Petrovich, during a conversation with Raskolnikov, advises him: “Become the sun, everyone will see you.” The sun must first of all be a sun, that is, not only to shine, but also to warm. Sonya Marmeladova is such a sun; she warms people’s souls with her warm light. Although, at first glance, she seems to be far from this moral height, her place is at the foot, on the panel. Sonya not only radiates kindness and compassion, she helps those suffering. Sonya's stepmother, Katerina Ivanovna, condemns her to live on a “yellow” ticket. But after committing the sin, “Katerina Ivanovna... went up to Sonya’s bed and stood on her knees all evening, kissed her feet, didn’t want to get up...” For the children exhausted by hunger, who, thanks to Sonya, were able to survive, for herself, who was terminally ill, Katerina Ivanovna thanked her stepdaughter, who was helped in a difficult moment of her life. Even a moment before her death, she sincerely pitied her: “We sucked you dry, Sonya...”
Sonya’s sacrifice penetrates his father’s soul with warmth. She probes his conscience, showing endless compassion, giving him her last “sinful” pennies for his obscene drunkenness in the tavern. After the death of her father and the death of her stepmother, Sonya takes care of the children. Not only the children are grateful to her, but also the people around her, to whom such an act seems truly Christian, and even the fall in this case seems holy.
The sun's rays saved Sonya's soul and helped Raskolnikov to be reborn.
9. Analysis of the episode “Reading the Gospel by Sonya” by 1 group of analysts.
What would I be without God?..
God, God will not allow such horror!..
These words reveal the entire spiritual essence of Sonya. The Gospel story about the resurrection of Lazarus expresses the essence of her personality, her secret.
It was hard for Sonya to reveal and expose everything that was hers; she did not want to reveal the secret of her soul - this is the only thing she had left.
Sonya read at first quietly and shyly, and then with passion and strength she confessed her conviction in the words of John.
“Sonya unfolded the book and found the place. Her hands were shaking, her voice was lacking. She started twice, and still couldn’t pronounce the first syllable...”
“She was already trembling all over in a real, real fever... Her voice became ringing, like metal, triumph and joy sounded in it and strengthened it.”
“... she read loudly and enthusiastically, trembling and growing cold, as if she had seen it with her own eyes...”
Teacher's question.
Why did Sonya read the parable of the resurrection of Lazarus with such excitement and trembling?
Sonya believes in what seems completely impossible to a limited rational view - she believes in a miracle. Faith in the resurrection of Lazarus, Sonya believes in man. Subsequently, she will believe in the resurrection of Raskolnikov. She believes that you cannot live without faith, you cannot move forward through doubt to repentance, to love. The Gospel parable is refracted in the destinies of Sonya and Raskolnikov.
10. Analysis of the episode “Raskolnikov’s Confession in committed crime» 2 group of analysts.
The more Raskolnikov gets to know Sonya, the more he is surprised at how patiently and almost resignedly she endures all the hardships of life, without even trying to protect herself. After a humiliating and terrible scene (Luzhin’s attempt to accuse her of theft), Raskolnikov asks her a question: “...Should Luzhin live and do abominations, or should Katerina Ivanovna die? How would you decide: which of them should die?..”
Sonya answers Raskolnikov’s question: “But I can’t know God’s providence... And why are you asking what you can’t ask? Why such empty questions? How can it happen that it depends on my decision? And who made me the judge here: who should live and who should not live?”
Sonya is unable to resolve such issues; she trusts only in God: he alone can dispose of people’s lives, he alone knows the highest justice. Sonya bows before the great meaning of existence, sometimes inaccessible to her mind. She simply strives for life, affirms its positive meaning.
Teacher's question.
Why does Sonya Raskolnikov confess to the murder?
Raskolnikov is unhappy, exhausted, he goes with his confessions to Sonya with the desire to “bow to all human suffering.” As he himself says on the eve of his confession: “You should have at least caught on something, slowed down, looked at the person.” He saw in Sonya exactly the Man. Each of them has their own truth, their own path. Both of them have transgressed the moral norms of the society in which they live.
Yu. Koryakin argues that Sonya’s truth not only wins, but that Raskolnikov’s iron logic turns out to be broken by Sonya’s elementary logic. But for a person obsessed with the desire to be right at all costs, one of the most humiliating states is when all the cunning syllogisms are broken by the elementary logic of life.
The only possible, natural, from Sonya’s point of view, explanation of the motives for the murder sounds like this:
You were hungry! Are you... to help your mother? Yes?
Raskolnikov puts forward various explanations. But all the arguments of reason, which previously seemed so obvious to him, fall away one after another. If before he believed in his theory, now before Sonya, before her truth, all his “arithmetic” crumbles to dust. There is no logic, calculation, or even convincing arguments in Sonya’s words. Sonya opposes Raskolnikov’s theory with one simple argument, with which he is forced to agree.
What feelings does Sonya experience after Raskolnikov’s confession?
The criminal inspires not disgust, not horror, but compassion. Sonya uses the word “unhappy.” She exclaims: “No, there is no one more unhappy than you in the whole world now!..” More unhappy, not meaner, more criminal, more disgusting. She passionately, painfully sympathizes with Raskolnikov and understands how he suffers. Sonya hands the cross to the killer with the words: “Together we will go to suffer, together we will bear the cross!..” Raskolnikov understands that now Sonya is with him forever.
Why does Sonya's truth win?
The basis of Sonya's truth is love. Alienated from people, having abandoned even those closest to him, Raskolnikov felt that he needed love, that Sonya was right when she said: “Well, how can one live without a person!” Sonya helped Raskolnikov find the man within himself and resurrected his spirit. Therefore, Raskolnikov is spiritually resurrected not as a result of renouncing his idea, but through suffering, faith, and love. Through Sonya's fate, he realizes all human suffering and worships it.
11. Dealing with criticism.
G.M. Bridlener notes that Raskolnikov, who fell in love with him with the love of both his beloved and his sister, leads Raskolnikov “to moral rebirth” through his confession.”
Can you agree that Sonya loves Raskolnikov with the love of a “lover and sister”?
Dostoevsky’s love acts as the main factor of Christian morality, and it must be understood in the Christian sense, for it is said in the Gospel: “Love endures for a long time, is merciful, covers everything, believes everything, hopes everything, endures everything.”
Sonya does not leave Raskolnikov even in Siberia. Now Sonya's religious beliefs have become Raskolnikov's beliefs. The suffering they endured opened the way to happiness; love resurrected them. It is love for a specific person that leads heroes to spiritual resurrection, “living life.” Therefore, we can agree with Bridlener’s thought that Sonya fell in love with Raskolnikov with the love of a sister in the Christian sense and a lover.
Teacher: It is very important that Raskolnikov fell in love with Sonya. On the one hand, she is a victim of a godless world order, and on the other, she carries the idea of Orthodox Christianity. Raskolnikov's love carries within it not an earthly, but a spiritual feeling, which leads to a complete change in his life. Divinity, love and moral consciousness won. This means that we can say with complete confidence that Sonya also saved Raskolnikov.
Why did the convicts, these sometimes cruel, finished people, fall in love with Sonya so much?
They felt in this fragile girl great moral strength, kindness, selflessness, purity and power of soul.
“And when she appeared at work, coming to Raskolnikov, or met with a party of prisoners going to work, everyone took off their hats, everyone bowed: “Mother, Sofya Semyonovna, you are our mother, tender, sick!” - these rude, branded convicts said to this small and thin creature...” The convicts also enter Sonya’s solar circle.
Conclusion.
According to Dostoevsky, conscious self-sacrifice of oneself for the benefit of everyone is a sign of the greatest development of personality, the highest power of the soul. Sonya did not change society, evil still exists, but she still made her contribution, saving Katerina Ivanovna, her children, and Raskolnikov. And I want to believe that there are people who are capable of compassion and can give a helping hand to those in need. Sonya is the personification of kindness, self-sacrifice, meekness and forgiveness. Her image embodies one of the main ideas of Dostoevsky’s work: the path to happiness and moral rebirth of a person passes through suffering, Christian humility, and faith in “God’s providence.” The sun's rays saved Sonya's soul and helped the people around her to be reborn. She not only radiated kindness and compassion, but also really helped the unfortunate and disadvantaged.
personality). Raskolnikov to hard labor.
5. Justice, honesty. Manifests itself in all actions.
6. Faith in “God’s providence” and people. Believes in the resurrection of Lazarus, Raskolnikov,
fallen convicts.
7. Moral Strength and strength. I didn’t sink morally when I went out to
panel for the sake of the family.
8. Love. Brotherly love for people (Liza, convicts)
The love of a lover and sister for Raskolnikov.
9. The power of the soul. Faith, love and understanding of people.
Sonya Road- Christian humility,
eternal peace, eternal peace.
Sonya's mission- rid the world of evil.
Those in power = kings.
Is Sonya morally worthy?
Can we say that Sonya is equal to kings?
We can claim that Sonya is the ruler of the world, as she strives to rid the world of evil, of pain, by healing the souls of people. Her faith, hope, love help not only her, but also her family and Raskolnikov to live.
13. Reflection.
Student performance.
Sonya Marmeladova has a beautiful and pure soul. She is forced to sell her body to help Katerina Ivanovna and her children, but her soul still remains pure. I envy Raskolnikov because next to him is a girl who sacrificed part of her life to save him. Sonya – extraordinary person. It is easier for her to take on suffering rather than see the pain of others. At F.I. Tyutchev has a poem that, in my opinion, reflects the inner essence of Sonya.
Whatever life teaches us,
But the heart believes in miracles,
There is endless strength
There is also imperishable beauty.
And the withering of the earth
He will not touch unearthly flowers,
And from the midday heat
The dew will not dry on them.
And this faith will not deceive
The one who only lives by it,
Not everything that bloomed here will fade,
Not everything that happened here will pass away.
But this faith is for few
Grace is available only to those
Who is in the strict temptations of life,
How you knew how to suffer in love.
Healing the ailments of others
With his suffering he was able to
Who laid down his soul for others
And he endured everything to the end.
The opera of the same name by Eduard Artemyev based on the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". (Sonya's part.)
Used Books.
1. Lesson-based developments on literature. 10th grade, Moscow “Wako”, 2003
2. Belov S.V. Heroes of Dostoevsky. - “Neva”, 1983, No. 11, p.195-200
3. INTERNET addresses