Evgeny Bazarov is the main character of I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons,” preaching nihilism, resolutely denying the social order, idle talk, art, the nature and power of human feelings.
The young man is unfamiliar with tact, politeness and respect for elders, so he speaks with absolutely no embarrassment to the father and uncle of his friend Arkady. While in their house, Evgeny allows himself not only to ignore the rules and customs of the owners of the estate, but also to argue with Pavel Petrovich. Ethical standards seemed to him a stupid formality, absolutely useless in modern society.
Bazarov is a supporter of the natural sciences, an ardent defender of them, considering them superior to everything human. This applies not only to the scientific side of human life, but also to the “disease” of society as a whole, because if a person can be cured with the help of drugs, then this entire society can be healed by work and science. It was in this that he saw the leading role of materialism in the development of people's lives. Only in this he saw the benefit for a person, only hard work can bring a positive result, that’s why Eugene worked so hard.
On the contrary, art and nature are not able to help a person improve their life, because all this is empty, useless: “A decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any poet.”
He was also far from the feelings truly inherent in any person, considering, for example, love only a physical attraction. For everything that could attract a person and help him in life, he tried to find a scientific justification.
Eugene also despised political system, nobility and aristocracy. He saw himself as close to the people, but he was not always so; after all, not everyone accepted or even understood his views on life. He was quite alone in this. But although he criticized the social structure, it is clear that nothing would have gone further than conversations on this topic among the people, who usually start a rebellion, start a revolution, Bazarov did not see any particular strength, and even treated him with some contempt, blaming him in ignorance and absurd “devotion” to his position: “The very freedom that the government is fussing about will hardly benefit us, because our peasant is happy to rob himself just to get drunk on dope in a tavern.” As a result, all of Bazarov’s ideas become practically unfeasible, which he admits in last days own life.
So, a crude cynic and materialist, who believes in reason and rejects feelings, who does not recognize authorities and moral principles, suddenly realizes the failure of his theory. I don’t think that this can be called a defeat, because at the end of his life Bazarov is already inclined to believe that a shoemaker, a butcher and a tailor would be more useful than talking about the ills of society. However, he believed that he could bring true benefit through his activities. This was his philosophy.
Updated: 2018-01-10
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The novel "Fathers and Sons" was created by Turgenev during a hot time for Russia. At that time, society was split into two camps: in one there were revolutionary democrats, ideologists of the peasant masses, in the other - the liberal nobility who stood for the reformist path. Therefore, the great Russian writer shows in his novel, the struggle between the worldviews of these two political directions. The plot of the novel is based on the opposition of the views of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Evgeny Bazarov, who are prominent representatives of these directions.
In the novel we see a typical representative of commoners, for whom, despite all their differences in socio-political views, deep democracy was characteristic. The main conflict of the novel is based on the opposition and collision of democracy and aristocracy and consists in the problem of fathers and children.
The personality of Bazarov, the exponent of the ideas of revolutionary democracy, interests Turgenev, because he is a hero of the time who has absorbed distinctive features era of social change. Turgenev highlights democracy in Bazarov, manifested in the noble habit of work, which is developed from childhood. On the one hand, the example of parents, on the other - a harsh school of life, studying at the university for pennies. This feature distinguishes him favorably from the Kirsanovs and for Bazarov is the main criterion for assessing a person. The Kirsanovs are the best of the nobles, but they do nothing, they don’t know how to get down to business. Nikolai Petrovich plays the cello and reads Pushkin. Pavel Petrovich carefully monitors his appearance, changing clothes for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Arriving at his father, Bazarov says: “I want to work.” And Turgenev constantly emphasizes that “fever of work” is characteristic of the active nature of the hero. A feature of the generation of Democrats of the 60s was a passion for natural sciences. After graduating from the Faculty of Medicine, Bazarov, instead of resting, “cuts frogs”, preparing himself for scientific activity. Bazarov does not confine himself only to those sciences that are directly related to medicine, but reveals extensive knowledge in botany, agricultural technology, and geology. Understanding the limitations of his capabilities due to the deplorable state of medicine in Russia, Bazarov still never refuses to help those in need, regardless of his busy schedule: he treats Fenichka’s son and the peasants of the surrounding villages, and helps his father. And even his death occurred due to infection during the autopsy. Bazarov's humanism is manifested in his desire to benefit the people, Russia.
Bazarov is a man with a great sense of self-esteem; in this respect he is in no way inferior to aristocrats, and in some ways even surpasses them. Striving for knowledge, they valued a person not by his nobility and wealth, but by his deeds and benefit to the people around him. “My grandfather plowed the land,” says Bazarov about his origin. At the same time, he is silent about his ancestor on his mother’s side, thereby showing the lack of any interest in his noble grandfather. Democratism is characteristic not only of Bazarov’s beliefs, but also of his appearance. The appearance of the hero of the novel among the nobility, wearing a “hoodie” in itself is a challenge to conventions, a deliberate disregard for them. We also pay attention to Bazarov’s “naked red hand” - this is the hand of a person who is not alien to physical labor. It is too different from the well-groomed hand of a nobleman to be overlooked. In general, in Bazarov’s appearance, Turgenev emphasizes his intellectual beginning: intelligence and self-respect. We see that the life of an idle aristocratic society passes in idleness, which cannot be said about Bazarov. Continuous work is the content of his life. Turgenev reveals the nature of his work: “Bazarov brought a microscope with him and spent hours fiddling with it,” he carried out “physical and chemical experiments”, that is, he continues his natural science studies in Maryino. The young man denies everything that does not seem personally necessary and interesting to him. This category includes poetry, music, and art. Bazarov can be condemned as much as he likes, but one cannot help but admit that his opinion also has a right to exist. Bazarov recognizes only what can be directly felt, roughly speaking, touched. Thus, Bazarov can rightfully be called a materialist. And Evgeniy has all the qualities characteristic of this group. Of course, he is very hardworking. Moreover, his materialistic view of surrounding reality combined with hard work appears to be highest degree positive quality. Bazarov is a realistic and practical person. These kinds of qualities are considered positive. So it cannot be denied that the generation of “children” can benefit society. Bazarov’s materialism is superficial, crude materialism. Bazarov denied the possibility of enjoying the beauty of nature, “he called love in the ideal sense, or, as he put it, romantic, rubbish, unforgivable foolishness” Turgenev coarsened and impoverished the image of his hero, forcing him to express the idea that among women “only freaks think freely,” showing his indifference to the cause of liberating women from social and family oppression, depriving him of his dream of a socialist future for his homeland.
Bazarov is different great mind and as a result makes a strong impression on the people who encounter him. Bazarov is a proud and proud person. He looks down on people and rarely hides his half-contemptuous, half-patronizing attitude toward those who hate him and those who obey him. He never loved anyone, never needed anyone, was not afraid of anyone, and therefore did not spare anyone. Bazarov's ironic attitude towards daydreaming, towards romanticism, works of art literature, art, lyrical impulses turns into deep cynicism. But along with all his shortcomings, Bazarov is a very strong nature, noble and true man, somewhere even sincere: he treats people the way he perceives them, if he likes a person, then he likes him sincerely, without a second thought, if not, then no, but also sincerely. Bazarov is an image that brings together all the qualities that, bit by bit, were present in all the advanced and progressive people of his time.
Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” aroused different opinions and interpretations about itself. Some readers accused the writer of insulting younger generation, others, on the contrary, indignantly reproached him for kowtowing to this younger generation. Drawing the figure of Bazarov, Turgenev gave him a harsh and unceremonious tone not out of a desire to offend the younger generation, but because he saw similar people in life among the democrats of the sixties. In many ways, he considered himself to agree with Bazarov, but he did not see a real future for his hero, which is why he let him die. Bazarov was a kind of transitional type to real revolutionaries. Bazarov dies, but his ideas remain in society, and there will definitely be a person of a new generation who will pick them up and bring them to life.
PLAN.
I. Introduction. The main theme of I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons.”
II. Main part. Characteristics of Bazarov as a representative of the revolutionary-minded intelligentsia.
1. Social traits of Bazarov:
a) origin, upbringing, education;
b) habit of work and hardship.
2. Bazarov’s socio-political views:
a) the desire to change the social system; .
6) denial of the progressive role of the noble class;
29.06.2017 @ 09:08
Write scientific, philosophical and political, aesthetic views of Bazarov from “Fathers and Sons”
The work “Fathers and Sons” was written by Turgenev in 1860. Then, in the image of Bazarov, he painted a portrait of the democratic youth of his time.
Bazarov denies art, poetry, feelings, but recognizes science. he believes that only it can give rise to a bright future and it can be applied in practice. This is the worldview of democracy in the 60s of the 19th century.
Bazarov's politics are not satisfactory. He doesn’t like either the society or the state in which he lives. The novel was written at a time when serfdom had not yet been abolished, and contradictions and discontent in society were growing. “Now it’s convenient to deny, we deny,” Nvgeniy said. His dissatisfaction with the present is taking on a general revolutionary scale. “And if he is called a nihilist, then it should be read: revolutionary.” This is not just a desire to change, no. Here is the thought of the complete destruction of the society in which the hero is located.
“...I adhere to the negative direction due to sensation. I’m pleased to deny, my brain works like that - and that’s it!” - that’s the hero’s mood. He is an independent person who does not recognize authorities. And he lays out a clear basis for the imperfection of society: “We know approximately why physical illnesses occur, and moral illnesses come from bad upbringing, from all sorts of trifles that fill people’s heads from childhood, from the ugly state of society,” he says, “in a word, correct society, and there will be no illnesses.” This is exactly what the Russian democrat educators of the 60s reasoned.
and yet in front of everyone negative traits nihilism, Turgenev’s hero turned out to be not at all as one-sided and flat as originally intended. In the process of working, the author became so carried away by the image that he involuntarily made it alive, even if not perfect.
Written at a turning point historical development Russia showed the novel “Fathers and Sons” acute problems modernity, which long after the appearance of this work excited Russian society. This novel by I. S. Turgenev is a reflection of the social conflict of the 60s of the 19th century, the depth of which is shown by the example of the eternal conflict between fathers and children. In the novel we see a typical representative of commoners, for whom, despite all their differences in socio-political views, deep democracy was characteristic. The main conflict of the novel is based on the opposition and collision of democracy and aristocracy and consists in the problem of fathers and children.
Bazarov is a commoner democrat. These people, often of non-noble origin, worked their way into life and did not recognize the class division of society. Striving for knowledge, they valued a person not by his nobility and wealth, but by his deeds and benefit to the people around him. “My grandfather plowed the land,” says Bazarov about his origins. At the same time, he is silent about his ancestor on his mother’s side, thereby showing a lack of any interest in his noble grandfather.
Democratism is characteristic not only of Bazarov’s beliefs, but also of his appearance. The appearance of the hero of the novel among the nobility in a “hoodie” is in itself a challenge to conventions, a deliberate disregard for them. We also pay attention to Bazarov’s “naked red hand” - this is the hand of a man who is not alien to physical labor. It is too different from the well-groomed hand of a nobleman to be overlooked. In general, in Bazarov’s appearance, Turgenev emphasizes his intellectual beginning: intelligence and self-respect.
We see that the life of an idle aristocratic society passes in idleness, which cannot be said about Bazarov. Continuous work is the content of his life. Turgenev reveals the nature of his work: “Bazarov brought a microscope with him and spent hours fiddling with it,” he conducts “physical and chemical experiments,” that is, he continues his natural science studies in Maryino.
What is the attitude of the main characters of the novel towards Bazarov? Nikolai Petrovich is a kind and gentle person, so he treats Bazarov somewhat aloof, with misunderstanding and even fear: “Nikolai Petrovich was afraid of the young “nihilist” and doubted the benefits of his influence on Arkady.” Pavel Petrovich’s feelings are stronger and more definite: “...Pavel Petrovich hated Bazarov with all the strength of his soul: he considered him proud, impudent, cynic, plebeian.” Old Prokofich was finally confirmed in his hostility towards Bazarov and “in his own way... an aristocrat no worse than Pavel Petrovich.” He called him a flayer and a scoundrel and assured that he “with his sideburns is a real pig in the bush.”
But ordinary people are drawn to Bazarov with all their hearts. Shy and timid Fenechka “got so comfortable with him that one night she ordered him to wake him up” when her son fell ill. And “the yard boys ran after the “do-khtur” like little dogs.” Both the maid Dunyasha and Peter sympathized with him; they felt that he was “after all, his brother, not a master.”
The clash between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich, as representatives not only of different generations, but also people of different beliefs, was inevitable. Pavel Petrovich “was only waiting for an excuse to attack the enemy.” Bazarov considered it useless to waste gunpowder on verbal battles, but he could not avoid the fight. Scary words Bazarov speaks with “inexpressible calm” about the fact that he denies everything. Mental strength, confidence in his rightness, deep conviction are heard in his very voice, in short, fragmentary remarks.
The image of Evgeny Bazarov is more fully revealed precisely in comparison with Pavel Petrovich. There is a sense of aristocracy in the latter’s words. He constantly uses expressions that emphasize the good manners of a true aristocrat (“I am deeply obliged to you,” “I have the honor to bow”...). The abundance of foreign expressions in the speech of this hero irritates Bazarov: “Aristocracy, liberalism, progress, principles... just think, how many foreign and useless words! Russian people don’t need them for nothing.” Bazarov’s own speech is distinguished by wit, resourcefulness, and excellent knowledge. vernacular and the ability to own it. Bazarov’s speech reveals his characteristic mentality - sober, sound and clear.
In the frequent disputes between “Mr. Nihilist” Bazarov and “feudal lord” Kirsanov, almost all the main issues were touched upon on which democrats-commoners and liberals disagreed: about the ways further development country, about materialism and idealism, about knowledge of science, understanding of art and attitude towards the people. We see that all the principles of Pavel Petrovich essentially boil down to protecting old order, and Bazarov’s views are to expose this order.
When the argument turned to the people, they seemed to see eye to eye. Bazarov agrees with Pavel Petrovich that the people “sacredly honor traditions, they are patriarchal, they cannot live without faith.” But if Kirsanov is convinced of the value of these qualities, then Bazarov is ready to devote his whole life to ensuring that this is not so. Main character the novel, it would seem, speaks disparagingly about Russian men. But he speaks not against them themselves, but against affection for their backwardness, superstition, and ignorance.
Sometimes the position of Bazarov, “who approaches everything from a critical point of view,” is extreme. This can be said about him aesthetic views. Thus, Bazarov mocks Pushkin and denies painting and poetry. He does not notice the beauty of the surrounding nature, although he loves it in his own way, believing that it contains enormous resources that can be used for the benefit of man (“nature is not a temple, but a workshop”).
When you write about Evgeny Bazarov, you cannot help but say the main thing - that this man is extremely lonely. In Maryino, Bazarov is a guest, sharply different from the landowner owners. For both servants and masters it belongs there. In the village of his father, Bazarov is a gentleman in the eyes of the serfs. In fact, he is far from both the landowners and ordinary people. He's lonely.
He is also lonely because in the novel we do not see a single like-minded person of Bazarov. There are only his imaginary students. This is, first of all, the “little liberal gentleman” Arkady. However, his passion for Bazarov is nothing more than a tribute to his youth. At the same time, he is still the best of Bazarov’s students depicted in the novel. His other “followers” are depicted satirically. Sitnikov and Kukshina see in nihilism the negation of all old moral norms and enthusiastically follow this “fashion”. Bazarov is lonely not only in friendship, but also in love. In his bitter feeling for Odintsova, he reveals himself as a deep, strong nature.
Turgenev himself admitted that this hero “still stands on the threshold of the future.” The author of “Fathers and Sons” admits: “I wanted to make him a tragic face... I dreamed of a gloomy, wild, large figure, half grown out of the soil, strong, evil, honest - and yet doomed to destruction.” It seems to me that Turgenev managed to create just such an image. And he took his rightful place among literary heroes of the XIX century. D.I. Pisarev gave the following assessment to the main character of “Fathers and Sons”: “... the Pechorins have will without knowledge, the Rudins have knowledge without will; The Bazarovs have both knowledge and will, thought and deed merge into one solid whole.”
...he was no better than them, only his eyes were cold and proud, like ____________________'s. And they talked to him, and he answered if he wanted, or remained silent, and when the elders of the tribe came, he spoke to them as to his equals. 9. What hero are we talking about? How expressed author's attitude to the hero? Describe the situation in which these words were spoken. What are the features of the landscape in this passage? What a typical conflict romantic work realized in this passage? (1 point).
Took them _________. Everyone followed him together - they believed in him. It was a difficult path! It was dark, and at every step the swamp opened its greedy rotten mouth, swallowing people, and the trees blocked the road with a mighty wall. Their branches intertwined with each other; the roots stretched everywhere like snakes, and every step cost a lot of sweat and blood to those people. They walked for a long time... The forest became thicker and thicker, and the weight was less and less! And so they began to grumble about ____________, saying that it was in vain that he, young and inexperienced, led them somewhere. And he walked ahead of them and was cheerful and clear.
1) at what time did you see the tree? where did it grow?
2) what was the weather like that day? What was your mood?
3) what kind of leaves, trunks, branches did the tree have? what did they remind you of?
4) why did the tree seem joyful to you?
*come up with other questions. Before you compose a story, decide in what order you will answer the questions. HELP WRITE A STORY